WPCq  xb@C' D3An- ꀀ7 b= ^z3cⶻ.?[giJG *;<"ȷMVJA|6|)"cfa'i8wdh&l( 19.s |H>8.wT- dhger^_TF uR|~,$Ihc@1 %u( mG@3S8+ƼLD6ഺ6mRh}W'va,vUԌnEȴԒ:A~1NY5Orrw~XLc 7O9E+֫-fEEgTb(m?Ӆ#4{jugqvvhFwo2i"}kf .nOLpZ (%Q%9_Z/B']vU[pN[ ޹3 XV06lG G&*# LUNW % 0(U:w@ 4MabpU:xb 0l 0D&bjar-bbbb (b>bFbNbPR AQhb 0Db@  $ 0D 0D. Br ) D/ U: B! D3> HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nL(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,cAZ"Arial Regular C(DD([E(eF(eG(DH(UI(J(DK(L(Ӏq$3|xW(- -,  AZ"Arial Regular- -((3$ !      0  (#$  0  -2- W#Xd#     #      -2-- -- --3-  H -4-- -   !"#&C<< C- -($$   1  - -   уLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !   d  ""  'XXXX'`X'X   Ad FILED'XX'`   September9,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr.'X'XAppellateCourtClerk ((' dxd,cAZ"Arial RegularP Pd$$$$'dxd !  F(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(4XXXX   TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7LXXdXXd7 E(E( ?TOaE(E(1L(r%)<,(j 8` `@E` ttx$, rߛL(INE(E(THECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  ATKNOXVILLEAPRIL1998SESSION )  $ t STATEOFTENNESSEE,     D )  Z    <      D )C.C.A.No.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(03C01F(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(9709CR00376 Appellee, <      D )  ,     <      D )E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(LoudonF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(CountyV.   <      D )      <      D )HonorableE.EugeneE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(EblenF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(,Judge JAMESG.SNIDER,      D ) t      <      D )(FirstDegreeMurder)   !  `   Appellant. <      D ) L    <      D )FORTHEAPPELLANT:     D FORTHEAPPELLEE:  A.PhillipE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(LomonacoF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(     D JohnKnoxWalkup | AttorneyatLaw <      D AttorneyGeneral&Reporter b 112E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(DurwoodF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(DriveKnoxville,TN37922     D ToddR.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(KelleyF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E( L    .~    <      D AssistantAttorneyGeneral   <      D 425FifthAvenueNorth   <      D Nashville,TN37243   <      D CharlesE.Hawk   <      D DistrictAttorneyGeneral   <      D    <      D FrankHarvey   <      D RogerE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(DelpF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(   <      D AssistantDistrictAttorneysGeneral   <      D P.O.Box703   <      D Kingston,TN37763   <    < OPINIONFILED:_______________________ AFFIRMED &/v*/  PAULG.SUMMERS,  0H,1 Judge     *:z5;  7LXXdXXd7    L( 7LXXdXXd7     7LXXdXXd7     7LXXdXXd7    L(E(E(   OE(E(PINION       InJanuary1997,JamesG.SniderwasconvictedbyaE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(LoudonF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(CountyjuryoffirstdegreemurderandsentencedtolifeimprisonmentfortheMay1995shootingdeathofBradleyE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(PackettF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.Theappellantssoleissueforourreviewiswhethertheevidenceissufficienttosupporthisconvictionforfirstdegreemurder. Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt.    Theappellant,JamesSnider,wasseventeenyearsoldatthetimehekilledBradleyE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(PackettF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.Snider,whoseparentsweredivorced,hadlivedatonetimeoranotherwithhismother,hisfather,hisaunt,andfinallywithhismaternalgrandparentsinE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(LenoirF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(City,Tennessee.Hisgrandfatherhadpassedawayafewyearsearlier,soatthetimeoftheshooting,helivedinthehousewithhisgrandmother. Apparently,theappellanthadanapartmentofhisowninthebasementofhisgrandmothershouse.Ithadaseparateentrancewithadoorthatwouldlock.Theappellantlivedtherewithhisgirlfriend,HollieKey,inthebasementapartment.Inthemonthsleadinguptotheshooting,theappellanthadattendedschoolsporadicallyandhadincreasedhisuseofalcoholandmarijuana.Basically,hedidashepleasedwithoutanyadultsupervision.Accordingtotestimonyadducedattrial,theappellantsgrandmotherkeptmarijuanainherhomeandsoldittotheappellantsfriends. Theappellanthadapartyathisapartmentapproximatelytwoweeksbeforetheshooting.Thevictim,BradleyE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(PackettF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(,andotherfriendsoftheappellantwereinattendance,andalcoholanddrugswerebeingused.HollieKey,theappellantsgirlfriend,testifiedthatatsomepoint,afightensuedbetweenBradleyE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(PackettF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(andanotherindividualwhowasdrunk.ThisindividualL(1      L(F(1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      F(E(1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      E(  hadPackettonthegroundwhentheappellantintercededandbrokeupthefight. 844: 1        ShealsotestifiedthattheappellantwasnotangrywithPackett. DwayneCrass,afriendoftheappellants,testifiedthathehadaconversationwiththeappellantapproximatelyamonthbeforetheshootingandthattheappellanthadaskedwhenPackettwouldbehomebyhimself.JasonE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(MealerF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(,anotherfriendoftheappellants,testifiedthathestoleashotgunandsoldittotheappellantfor$75.00fourdaysbeforetheshooting.Hetestifiedthatheandtheappellanthaddonesomeshootingofthegunintheappellantsyard.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(MealerF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(alsotestifiedthataboutaweekbeforetheshooting,theappellantstatedthathewasgoingtogotothevictimshouseandgetthemoneythatwasduehim. Onthedayoftheshooting,JohnnyE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(VincilF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(,afriendoftheappellants,arrivedattheappellantsapartmentbetween7a.m.and8a.m.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(VincilF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(andtheappellantsmokedsomemarijuana.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(VincilF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(sawaboutonefourthofapoundofmarijuanathattheappellanthadstolenfromhisgrandmother.Theappellantsgrandmothercamedownstairstotheapartmentandtoldtheappellantthatshewaskickinghimoutofthehousebecausehehadstolenfromher.Theappellantthentookhisgirlfriend,HollieKey,towork,whileVincilstayedattheapartment.TheappellanttookthemarijuanawithhimwhenhetookKeytoworkbecausehedidnotwanthisgrandmothertofindE(E(it.W?(?(henE(E(theappellantreturnedtotheapartment,heandVincildecidedtodrivearound,andthenwenttoagolfballdrivingrange.Sometimethereafter,whentheybeganlookingforthemarijuanainthecar,itwasnotthere.Vinciltestifiedthathebelievedthattheappellantsgrandmotherhadtakenthemarijuanaoutofthecarwhentheappellantreturnedfromtakinghisgirlfriendtowork.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(VincilF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(andtheappellantwentinsidethehouse, andtheappellantconfrontedhisgrandmother,tellingherthatthemarijuanain P726    F(                        F(E(                                    E(    =(  =(>(  >(@(  @(thecarbelongedtoVincil.Hisgr  andmothertoldhimthatshedidnotcareandF(                                                   F(E(                                                               E(@(         @(?(   ?(>(   >(=(   =(  that hewasgoneanyway.  Vincilandtheappellantdecidedtofabricateastorytotelltheappellantsgrandmotherthatsomeoneelsehadstolenthemarijuana.BradleyPackettwassuggestedbecausetheappellantsgrandmotheralreadythoughtthathewasathief.TheappellantwenttoPackettshousetobringhimback,andVincilwenttosleep.Vinciltestifiedthathewasnotconcernedabouttheappellantconfrontingthevictim. SusanE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(BrackettF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(,theroommateoftheappellantsaunt,testifiedthatonthedayoftheshooting,theappellantcameovertotheirhouseandhewasveryupset.BrackettlivesinthesameneighborhoodastheappellantandPackett.Shetestifiedthattheappellantwascryinguncontrollablyandevenvomited.Hestatedthathisgrandmotherwasgoingtokickhimoutandthathedidnothaveanywheretogo.Shefurthertestifiedthattheappellantsaunt,Tina,toldhimthatshewouldspeakwithhisgrandmother.Theappellantgotintohiscartogotohisgrandmothers,andaftertakingcareofafewthings,BrackettandTinalefttogotothegrandmothershouse.Althoughitonlytakesaminuteorsotodrivethere,theappellantwasnottherewhentheyarrived.Afterabouttwoorthreeminutes,theappellantarrived.Hehadtheshotguninhishand,andstatedthathehadshotBradleyPackett. Dr.SandraE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(ElkinsF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(performedanautopsyonthevictim.Shetestifiedthatthebackpartofthevictimsheadwasnolongerintact,withalmosttheentirebrainoutsidethehead.Sheidentifiedshotgunpelletsthatwerefoundinthevictimsskullandstatedthattheentrancewoundwas inthetoppartofthebackoftheroofofthemouth.E(E(A(񀛀A(SheE(E(furthertestifiedthatthecauseofdeathwasashotgunblastinsidethemouth.Oncrossexamination,Dr.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(ElkinsF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(testifiedthat 0948 ?TH  F(?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  F(E(?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  ?TH  E(A(?TH  ?TH  A(thiscasewasatypicalofasuicideandahomicide,notingthattherewereno@(?TH  ?TH  @(?(?TH  ?(>(?TH  >(=(?TH  =(chippedteeth.Shealsoquestionedwhetherthevictimmighthavevoluntarilyputtheguninhismouth. Dr.DianaMcCoy,aclinicalpsychologist,testifiedabouttheappellantssocialbackground.ShealsotestifiedthattheappellantstatedthatwhenhewasatPackettshouse,Packettwentovertoopenawindow.Asheopenedthewindow,theappellantshothiminthebackoftheheadfromadistanceofabouttwoorfourfeet.AccordingtoDr.McCoystestimony,theappellantindicatedthathedidrecallpumpingthegun,steppingforward,andthenstartingtoshake.'4@ XX' Theappellantarguesthattheevidenceisinsufficienttosupporthisconvictionforfirstdegreemurder.Atthetimeoftheshooting,firstdegreemurderwasdefinedasanintentional,premeditated,anddeliberatekillingofanother.Theappellantinsiststhatthereisnoevidencethatheactedinapremeditatedordeliberatemanner.Insupportofhisargument,theappellantnotesthatallthewitnesseswhosawhimatthetimeoftheshootingtestifiedthatshortlybeforethekilling,theappellantwas violentlyillfromemotionalupheavaltothepointofvomiting.Furthermore,aftertheshooting,theappellantreturned,threwtheshotgunontheground,andannouncedthathehadkilledBradleyPackett.  TheappellantfurtherassertsthatevenifBradleyPackettwasshotthroughthemouth, thisfact,iftrue,doesnotdetractfromthefactthatJamesSniderwasactinginanemotionallychargedstate. Theappellantmaintainsthatthestateofferednoproofabouthowtheappellantactedonthedayofthemurder,andinfact,noneofthestateswitnessesevensawtheappellantonthedayoftheshooting.Furthermore,heinsiststhatthosewhosawhimthatdaytestifiedthathewas severelyemotionalanddistraughttothepointofphysicalillness. ;`6: OaH  E(E(B(B(E(E( Thestateassertsthattheevidenceissufficienttosupportaconvictionforfirstdegreemurder.First,itcontendsthattheappellantspriorrelationshipwiththevictimcouldleadajurytoinferamotiveformurder:thevictimlostabettotheappellantandthenrefusedtopay.Theappellant,accordingtothestatestheory,hadbeenattemptingtocollectthemoneyforoveramonth,buthewasunabletogetthemoneyfromthevictim.Second,thestatearguesthattheappellantsactionsindicatethathewasplanningthekilling.Theappellantquestionedfriendsofthevictimaboutwhenthevictimmightbehomealone.Heboughtashotgunfourdaysbeforethemurderandhadbeenengagingintargetpracticeinhisyard.Theappellanthadbeentryingtoobtaintwentydollarsfromthevictimforabetthathehadwon.Third,thestateinsiststhatthenatureofthekillingsuggestsanintentionalkillingbasedonapreconceiveddesign.Itarguesthattheappellant,armedwiththeshotgunthathehadboughtfourdaysearlier,wenttoBradleyPackettshousewhenthevictimwasalone,placedtheshotguninPackettsmouthandfiredit,therebycausingthevictimsdeath.Therefore,thestateinsiststhatajurycouldhavefoundthattheappellantactedwithpremeditationanddeliberation.  Onceahomicidehasoccurred,itispresumedtobeseconddegreemurder,andthestatehastheburdenofprovingfirstdegreemurder.Statev. P(#& Brown,836S.W.2d530,543(Tenn.1992).Atthetimeoftheshooting,first 0*%( degreemurderwasdefinedas [E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(a]nF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(intentional,premeditatedanddeliberatekillingofanother.Tenn.CodeAnn. XXXX#XXX X%V#Ԁ3913202(a)(1)(amendedJuly1,1995). -@), Adeliberateactisoneperformedwithacoolpurpose,andapremeditatedactisonedoneaftertheexerciseofreflectionandjudgment.Ӏ3WTenn.CodeAnn. XXXX#XXX XmW#Ԁ39 1-0 13201(b)(deletedbyamendment,July1,1995).Premeditationindicates apreviouslyformeddesignorintenttokill.Statev.West,844S.W.2d144,147 p504  (Tenn.1992).G(̛ P726 G(H( P726 H( Greatweightisaccordedjuryverdictsincriminaltrials.Juryverdicts accreditthestateswitnessesandresolveallevidentiaryconflictsinthestatesfavor.Statev.Williams,657S.W.2d405,410(Tenn.1983);Statev.Banes,874 p S.W.2d73,78(Tenn.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(CrimF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(AppF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.1993).Onappeal,thestateisentitledtoboththestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandallreasonableinferenceswhichmaybedrawntherefrom.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832(Tenn.1978). `  Moreover,guiltyverdictsremovethepresumptionofinnocence,enjoyedbydefendantsattrial,andreplaceitwithapresumptionofguilt.Statev.Grace,   493S.W.2d474(Tenn.1973).Appellants,therefore,carrytheburdenofovercomingapresumptionofguiltwhenappealingjuryconvictions.Id.   Whenappellantschallengethesufficiencyoftheevidence,thisCourtmustdeterminewhether,afterviewingtheevidenceinalightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofacrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307(1979); @ Tenn.R.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(AppF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.P.13(e);E(E(D(D(C(C(D(D(StateE(E(v.Duncan,698S.W.2d63(Tenn.1985).The   weightandcredibilityofawitnesstestimonyaremattersentrustedexclusivelytothejuryastheE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(triersF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(offact.Statev.Sheffield,676S.W.2d542(Tenn.1984); $" E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(ByrgeF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(v.State,575S.W.2d292(Tenn.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(CrimF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.E(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(AppF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(.1978). p&!$  Fromourreviewoftherecord,theappellantwasrearedinanenvironmentthatislargelyresponsibleforhisproblems.IttrulydoesappearasonewitnesstestifiedthatI(SniderI(J(JamesJ(K(K(neverhadachancetohaveadecentlife.WearetroublednotonlybythelossofBradleyPackettslifebutalsobythelossofJamesSniderslife.Therecordrevealsthatthesetwoyounglivesweredestinedfortragedybytheiruseofalcoholanddrugsandtheirlackofadultsupervision. Althoughthecircumstancesofthiscasearetragicforallconcerned,wemustneverthelessfollowthelaw.Therecordindicatesthattheappellantbought 0948 ashotgunfourdaysbeforetheshootingandproceededtoengageintargetpractice.HealsomadestatementstootherindividualsthathewasdeterminedtogetthemoneythatPackettowedhimfromabet,andtheappellanthadinquiredwhenPackettmightbehomealone.Finally,andmostsignificantly,aretheautopsyresults,astestifiedtobyDr.SandraE(E(F(E(E(F(F(F(ElkinsF(F(F(E(E(F(E(E(,thatindicatethatitisphysicallyimpossibleforthevictimtohavebeenshotinthebackoftheheadastheappellantstatedtohispsychologist,Dr.DianaMcCoy.Dr.Elkinstestifiedthatthecauseofdeathwasagunshotwoundtothehead,withtheentrancewoundinsidethevictimsmouth.Thus,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheevidencesufficienttoconvicttheappellantoftheintentional,premeditated,anddeliberatekillingofBradleyPackett.Theevidenceis,therefore,sufficient. Weaffirmtheappellantsconvictionandhissentence.  `    <      D   _______________________   <      D   PAULG.SUMMERS,JudgeCONCUR:____________________________JERRYL.SMITH,Judge____________________________CURWOODWITT,Judge