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C.C.A.No.01C019705CR00176      DAVIDSONCOUNTY 4  ,       HONORABLEFRANKG.CLEMENT,JR. 4  v BENJAMINSNYDER,    APPELLANT  (SENTENCING)FORTHEAPPELLANT   FORTHEAPPELLEEC.EdwardFowlkes    JohnKnoxWalkup172SecondAvenueN.,Suite214  AttorneyGeneralandReporterNashville,TN372011908  425FifthAvenue,North      Nashville,TN37243C!  H@$0C% " %"C!  H@%4C      KarenM.Yacuzzo      AssistantAttorneyGeneral      425FifthAvenue,North      Nashville,TN378243      BernardMcEvoy      AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral      WashingtonSquare,Suite.500      SecondAvenueN.      Nashville,TN372011649OPINIONFILED:_______________________AFFIRMEDL.T.LAFFERTY,SPECIALJUDGE7phXXdXXd7  OPINION    Thedefendant,BenjaminS.Snyder,appealsasamatterofrightthesentenceimposedbytheDavidsonCountyProbateCourt.Incountsoneandtwo,thedefendantwaschargedwiththeoffenseofvehicularhomicideinvolvingthedeathofGregoryFlair.Incountsthreeandfour,thedefendantwaschargedwiththeoffenseofrecklessendangermentinvolvingtwopassengersintheoperationofamotorvehicle.Thedefendantenteredapleaofguiltytotheoffenseofvehicularhomicideduetorecklessconductaschargedincounttwooftheindictment.Countsone,threeandfourweredismissed.Afterasentencinghearing,thetrialcourtsentencedthedefendanttofiveyearsintheCorrectionsCorporationofAmericaFacility.Thedefendantwasorderedtoservesixmonthsandthenbeplacedonprobationforfouryears,sixmonths.Therewereotherconditionsimposedonthedefendantduringtheperiodofprobation.Inhisappeal,thedefendantraisestwoissues;(1)thetrialcourterredasamatteroffactandlawinapplyingenhancementfactor#3 theoffenseinvolvedmorethanonevictim,and(2)thetrialcourterredinsentencingthedefendanttofiveyearsinsteadofthepresumptiveminimumofthreeyears.Uponaclosereviewoftherecord,briefsoftheparties,andtheapplicablelaw,weaffirmthetrialcourtsjudgment. Theevidenceinthisrecordestablishesthatthedefendantandhistwofriends,passengersinthecar,JohnClarkandBrentBatson,onthenightofMarch16,1996,wenttoabonfirepartyforacelebrationofapotentialwedding.Thedeceasedarrivedwithanothercompanion.Allfourchippedintobuybeerfortheevent.Thedeceasedandhiscompanionwenttoaconveniencestorewheretheyboughttwocasesofbeer.Thedefendantconsumedapproximatelyfiveorsixbeersduringthisevening,keepinghisportionofthebeer(asixpack)inthetrunkofhiscar.Thedefendantandhiscompanions,atabout10:00p.m.decidedto cruise2ndAve.Thedefendantdrovehiscar.BrentBatsonoccupiedtherightfrontpassengerseat.BehindBatsonwasJohnClark(rightpassengerrear)andthedeceasedwasseatedbehindthedefendant.WhileinboundonLebanonRoad,inDavidsonCounty,thedefendantswerved,lostcontrolofhiscarcausingextensivedamage,killingthedeceasedandinjuringhisothertwopassengers.TheNashvillePoliceTrafficInvestigatordescribedthatthephysicalevidenceestablishedthedefendantlostcontrolofhiscarontheshoulderoftheroadandattemptedtocorrectthepathofthecar.Thedefendantlefttheroadagainresultinginanimpactwithaconcretewallandthecarthenbeganslidingonitsside.Thevehicletraveledsidewaysstrikingandseveringafirehydrant,thenbegantorolloverandstruckapole.Aphotographwasintroducedshowingcansofbeerhangingfromthetrunkofthecar.Friendsofallfourpersonswerefollowingthedefendantandbeforethepolicearrived,theyremovedbeerfromthecar,hidingthesameinsomebushes.  SENTENCINGHEARING   Inhisrequestforalternativesentencing,thedefendantpresentedcoemployees,amotherofoneofthepassengers,hisfather,stepmotherandmother.Atthetimeofthesentencing,thedefendantwasa20yearoldhighschoolgraduateemployedatOpryland.Thedefendantbeganhisdrinkingwhenhewasabout18yearsoldanddevelopedanaddictiontomarijuana.Duetotheaccident,thedefendantcouldnotrecallthedetails,butreturnedtotheaccidentscene.Thedefendantbelieveshelookeddownwhilegoingaroundacurve,justgoingtoofast,slidinginthegravelandapparentlylosingcontrolofhiscar.Thedefendantadmitsthatalcoholandhisspeedof55to60,ina45milespeedzone,werecontributingfactorstotheaccident.Also,thedefendantadmitshefeltaslightbuzzatthetimeleavingthepartyalthoughhecontendshewasnotdrunk.BetweenMarch,1996,theaccidentevent,andNovember20,1996,thedefendantcontinuedtousemarijuanaeveryothermonthonweekends,thelastusagefourmonthsbeforethesentencinghearing.Thedefendantadmittedtotheprobationofficerhedrankbeeronweekends,butatthetimeoftheinterviewhehadquitdrinking.Also,thedefendanthaddrivenhiscarwhiledrinkingandadmittedononeoccasionbeingimpaired.Thedefendantexpressedremorseatthedeathofhisfriend,thedeceased. Thedefendantsmother,father,stepmotherandcoemployeesconfirmedthedefendantwasveryremorsefuloverthedeathofhisfriend.Also,hisparentshadcounseledhimontheabuseofalcoholandmarijuana. TheState,insupportofitsrequestforenhancementofthedefendantssentence,offeredthetestimonyofaprobationofficer,anaccidentinvestigator,thetwopassengersandthedeceasedsmother.Thetwopassengers,boyhoodfriendsofthedefendant,testifiedabouttheeveningsevents.Bothpassengersdidnotbelievethedefendantwasundertheinfluenceofalcoholorspeedingatthetimeoftheaccident.However,bothadmittedeachhadbeendrinking,eachwaswellundertheinfluenceofalcoholandinjuredintheaccident.Thedeceasedsmother,inapreparedstatement,explainedthefamilysdevastationatthedeathoftheirchildanditseffect;andshehasseriousdoubtsconcerningthedefendantsremorseoverthisdeath. Accordingtotheaccidentreports,thedeceasedwasejectedfromthevehicleandpronounceddeadatVanderbiltMedicalCenter.Thecauseofdeathwasbluntforceinjuries,fracturesoftheskull,bothfemursandmultipleleftribs,withinternalinjuriestothespleen,liver,lungandaorta.ThedefendantsBACwas0.14%onehouraftertheaccident.   1.PrinciplesofSentencingReview   Whenthereisachallengetothelength,range,ormannerofserviceofasentence,itisthedutyofthisCourttoconductadenovoreviewoftherecordwithpresumptionthatthedeterminationsmadebythetrialcourtarecorrect.Tenn.,CodeAnn.4035401(d).Thispresumptionisconditionedupontheaffirmativeshowingintherecordthatthetrialcourtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Statev.Ashby823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991). Theburdenofshowingthatthesentenceisimproperisupontheappellant.Id. Intheeventtherecordfailstodemonstratetherequiredconsiderationbythetrialcourt,reviewofthesentenceispurelydenovo.Id.IfappellatereviewreflectsthattrialcourtproperlyconsideredallrelevantfactorsanditsfindingsoffactareadequatelysupportedbytherecordthisCourtmustaffirmthesentence, evenifwewouldhavepreferredadifferentresult.Statev.Fletcher,805S.W.2d785,789(Tenn.Crim.App.1991). Inmakingitssentencingdetermination,thetrialcourt,atthe conclusionofthesentencinghearing,determinestherangeofthesentenceandthendeterminesthespecificsentenceandtheproprietyofsentencingalternativesbyconsidering;(1)theevidence,ifany,receivedattrialandthesentencinghearing;(2)thepresentencereport;(3)theprinciplesofsentencingandargumentsastosentencingalternatives;(4)thenatureandcharacteristicsofthecriminalconductinvolved;(5)evidenceandinformationofferedbythepartiesontheenhancementandmitigatingfactors;(6)anystatementsthedefendantwishestomakeinthedefendantsbehalfaboutsentencing;and(7)thepotentialforrehabilitationortreatment.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210(a)(b);Tenn.CodeAnn.4035103(5)(1990);Statev.Holland,860S.W.2d53,60(Tenn.Crim.App.1993). Adefendantwho,8  isanespeciallymitigatedorstandardoffenderconvictedofaClassC,D,orEfelonyispresumedtobeafavorablecandidateforalternativesentencingoptionsintheabsenceofevidencetothecontrary.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035102(6)(1997).Oursentencinglawprovidesthat8  convictedfelonscommittingthemostsevereoffenses,possessingcriminalhistoriesevincingacleardisregardforthelawsandmoralsofsociety,andevincingfailureofpasteffortsatrehabilitation,shallbegivenfirstpriorityregardingsentencesinvolvingincarceration.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035102(5)(1997).Thus,adefendantwhomeetstheabovecriteriaispresumedeligibleforalternativesentencingunlesssufficientevidencerebutsthepresumption.However,theactdoesnotprovidethatalloffenderswhomeetthecriteriaareentitledtosuchrelief;ratheritrequiresthatsentencingissuesbedeterminedbythefactsandcircumstancespresentedineachcase.Statev.Taylor,744S.W.2d919,922(Tenn.Crim.App,1987).Thedefendantwasconvictedofvehicularhomicide,aClassCfelony,andthusisconsideredafavorablecandidateforalternativesentencing,includingprobation. Thetrialcourt,indeterminingtheappropriatesentence,referredtotheguidelinesasrequiredbytheTennesseeSentencingAct.Thetrialcourtfoundoneenhancementfactorapplicable,towit:theoffenseinvolvedmorethenonevictim,andthreemitigatingfactors,towit:thedefendantsyouth,lackofcriminalhistoryandwasremorseful,indeterminingthedefendantshouldreceiveafiveyearsentence.Splitconfinementwasapplicableintheformofsixmonthsfollowedbyaprobationperiodoffouryears,sixmonths.Thedefendantcomplainsthetrialcourtwasinerrorinfindingapplicablethefactor theoffenseinvolvedmorethanonevictim.Thusthedefendantwasentitledtoathreeyearsentence,with30daysinconfinementfollowedbythreeyearsprobation.TheStatecomplainsthetrialcourtwasinerrorforfailingtofindtwoadditionalenhancementfactorsthedefendanthadahistoryofcriminalbehaviorandthedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittinganoffensewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh. Thedefendantwouldarguethatthetrialcourtwasincorrectinassessingthefactor theoffenseinvolvedmorethanonevictimTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(3).Forauthority,thedefendantreliesonStatev.Raines,882S.W.2d376(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).Thedefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourtcannotconsiderthepassengerswhosustainedinjuriesas victims.InRaines,supra,thelateJudgeJoeJones,PresidingJudgeofthisCourt,definedtheword victimasusedinTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(3)islimitedinscopetoapersonorentitythatisinjured,killed,hadpropertystolen,orhadpropertydestroyedbytheperpetratorofthecrime.However,inRaines,supra,thetrialcourtfoundfactor(3)appliedtothefamilymembersofapersonkilledinamurder.Theterm, victimdoesnotincludeapersonwhohaslostalovedoneormeansofsupportbecausetheperpetratorofthecrimekilledalovedone. Also,thedefendantarguesthatthetwopassengerscannotbeconsidered victimssincetheybothwerewillingpassengersandtestifiedthedefendantwasnotundertheinfluenceandengagedinnoactwhichcausedthecollision.Theevidenceistothecontrary.Thedefendantwasdrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol,aBACreadingof0.14%;operatinghisvehicleatahighspeedof5560mph,losingcontrolofhisvehicleandcausingaveryheavyimpact.Bothpassengerswereinjuredandreceivedmedicaltreatment.Thetrialcourtproperlyappliedthisenhancementfactorindetermininganappropriatesentence. TheState,initsrequestforenhancementofthedefendantssentence,urgedthetrialcourttoapplyfactor(10),Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114, thedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh.Thetrialcourtdeclinedtoapplythisfactor,statingit wasveryclose.𛀀Webelievethatthisfactorwasappropriateintheparticularfactsofthiscase.Thedescription,supra,concerningtheeventsleadingtothisaccidentsupportthisfactor.Statev.Lambert741S.W.2d127(Tenn.Crim.App.1987);StatevJones,883S.W.2d597(Tenn.1994);Statev.Makoka,885S.W.2d366,373(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).(Thisfactorappliedinvehicularhomicidewhereaccusedplacedthirdpartyatrisk.)Statev.Dockery,917S.W.2d258(Tenn.Crim.App.1995)(ThisappliedinDUIcaseduetopassengerincar). Also,theStateurgedthetrialcourttoapplyfactor(1),Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114, thedefendanthasahistoryofcriminalbehavior.ThetrialcourtrejectedthisfactorbelievingtheStatehadfailedtofilenoticeofthisenhancementfactor.TheStatebelievesthatthedefendantsadmittedcontinuoususeofalcoholanddrivinghisvehicle,tothepointofbeingundertheinfluence,establishesapatternof criminalbehavior.(Thereseemstobesomeindicationinthepresentencereportthedefendantcontinuedtousealcohol,towit:beer,afterthearrestonthesecharges).Also,coupledwiththefrequentuseofmarijuanaafterthisaccident,thedefendantcontinuestoindulgeincriminalactivity. InStatev.WilliamJefferyCarico,򀀀S.W.2d򀀀(Tenn.,1998),filedatKnoxvilleApril27,1998,theSupremeCourt,forthefirsttime,addressedtheterm criminalbehaviorapplicableinasentencinghearing.TheCourtofCriminalAppealshadpreviouslyheldthatmerelybeingarrestedorchargedwithacrimeisnot criminalbehaviorwithinthemeaningofthestatute.Statev.Buckmeir,902S.W.2d418(Tenn.Crim.App1995);Statev.Marshall,870S.W.2d532(Tenn.Crim.App.1993).TheSupremeCourtstated:8  Thephrase criminalbehaviorhasnotbeendefinedbythisCourtforpurposesoftheenhancementfactor,but,whatevertheprecisedefinitionmaybe,sexualactswithatenyearoldchildclearlyconstitutescriminalbehavior.Theevidenceoftheappellantspriorsexualactswasproperlyconsideredbythetrialcourtascriminalbehavior.Thatevidencesupportsthefindingthatenhancementfactor(1)wasestablishedinthiscase. `  X Sincethetrialcourtdidnotspecificallyfindthisfactor(1)applicable,thisCourthasjurisdictiontosofind.Statev.Pearson,858S.W.2d879,8845(Tenn.1993).Webelievethatthedefendantsconsciousdecisiontocontinuetodriveanddrink,eventothepointofundertheinfluenceofalcohol,coupledwiththefrequentuseofmarijuanaconstitutescriminalbehavior.Thisfactorisapplicabletothefactsofthisparticularcase. Inconclusion,wefindtheevidenceinthisrecordfullysupportsthetrialcourtsdecision.Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.      ___________________________      L.T.Lafferty,SpecialJudgeӛCONCUR:Ӝ_________________________GaryR.Wade,Judge_________________________ThomasT.Woodall,Judge