ÿWPCP r~\|.XÖSÇz6‹”¶AY )¹~±ùò ¦€œ éà[ßáz±-”—Ë"Nà3Íä’Œ¯¢Âú"g¥•Îú /s{±Ï÷4}É‚"Û£Æé ij½(œ›4¯ Ð™Q=ó°ëv²Ë­êO×ð¹³;ñá€ÊLÊ 8ç#žì+F鯼Òi£Ñ¢ÌâµÃ¹¥4—#…MQȬ Ò=`Àâ»:¡Ü¥G ‹:ä  WÄM±ðìÆp^ŸU««dâ‰%Å)|˹¦hŵ¶it ¶¼¡zSJkÍÍYóÎå£G®Ì X‡+Wg˜pÌÈJ(:\n]æ9¡/R]ˆQU2$”ÛoŸVé®ô“„FJ”¶3ÏBîÂÐkNÓCŠbhåʺˆTÃȈ®úªèùß)ÃHŽªÍ Xh¡âõð+ÓsýJñßQ´y{ŒÎòQ9÷ü À[rÖo‘æ¡Ç“µ£é]˾Kͨµ#‰÷F6Vù,Dè–¤v‰TÁ‘19²$ªÃ#J¡&4‡øæR—¤N“· ¦ðÅ åG `KÌ[J¨ Ðm3)0­dJw#]\¨ºGm§×#æÖ2ú;…ðb#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% U N­ û û z Ò} zO ÒÉ ^ › w§ Æ« Æq Æ7Æý4ÃN×Ùè mêEU @bCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0ëKKKK B66 0¤S D5÷ D-, 0KYY AS¤Æ÷ 0¤½ 0Da A«¥˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptªi)â Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5¡B )ARt@C£3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2œ $¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€U¬»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô8°ò»»Ô d(|3Î $££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€U¬»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Î $¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€U¬»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€LÄ»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ‡» »»»ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»» ÔÑ8€/4XXdê»»d 8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îk ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼ »îîk+#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àMarch€2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X]æX»¼ ÔÌò òÔ#†¼ »XX]æ/#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€DANA€LOUISE€SOLOMONòòóóÔ‡X]æX»¼ Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Knox€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€62250„B€€€€€€Mary€Beth€Leibowitz,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E1999„01108„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐAugust€18,€2000Ð ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant,€Dana€Louise€Solomon,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€in€the€Knox€County€Criminal€CourtÐ xÈ  Ðof€first€degree€murder€and€received€a€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€in€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÐ d´ ÐCorrection.€€On€appeal,€she€raises€several€issues€for€our€review.€€However,€because€the€appellantÐ P  Ðfailed€to€timely€file€her€motion€for€new€trial,€she€has€waived€all€issues€with€the€exception€of€herÐ <Œ Ðchallenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€underlying€her€conviction.€€Moreover,€the€appellantÐ (x Ðfailed€to€timely€file€her€notice€of€appeal.€€Nevertheless,€in€the€interest€of€justice,€we€address€theÐ d Ðsufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€Upon€a€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€theÐ P Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð ì< ÐÓ¶ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »àX]æª#ÔÔ‡X]æX.¼ ÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòóó€òòJoseph€M.€Tipton€and€Ð œì ÐJames€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌDððArtagnan€H.€(Chip)€Perry,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Dana€Louise€Solomon.Ð `° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€R.€Stephen€Jobe,€Assistant€Attorney€General,Ð 8!ˆ  ÐRandall€E.€Nichols,€District€Attorney€General,€and€Robert€L.€Jolley,€Jr.,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ $"t! ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð #`" ÐÌÓ³ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XX]æâ#ÔòòóóÔ‡X]æX»¼ ÔÐ Ô%$!% ÐÓ  Óà  àà ` àThe€appellantððs€conviction€of€premeditated,€first€degree€murder€arose€from€herÐ À&"& Ðcriminal€responsibility€for€the€murder€of€her€estranged€husband,€Clyde€Milton€Solomon,€by€herÐ ¬'ü"' Ðboyfriend,€Thomas€Chambers.€€For€her€offense,€the€appellant€received€a€sentence€of€lifeÐ ˜(è#( Ðimprisonment€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.Ô#†¼ »XX]æ³ #ÔÔ€X]æX»¼ Ô€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€presents€theÐ „)Ô$) Ðfollowing€issues€for€our€review:€(1)€whether€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficient€to€support€theÐ p*À%* Ðjuryððs€verdict;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€sustaining€the€Stateððs€objection€to€the€appellantððsÐ \+¬&+ Ðuse€of€the€term€ð ðinterrogationðð€during€the€cross„examination€of€a€witness;€and€(3)€whether,€followingÐ H,˜', Ðthe€initial€recitation€of€jury€instructions,€the€trial€court€erred€in€correcting€the€instructions€pursuantÐ 4-„(-ý6 Ðto€the€Stateððs€request.€€Due€to€the€appellantððs€failure€to€timely€file€her€motion€for€new€trial,€she€hasÐ ° Ðwaived€the€above€issues€with€the€exception€of€her€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€AsÐ œì Ðto€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€the€appellant€also€failed€to€timely€file€a€notice€of€appeal.€€In€anyÐ ˆØ Ðevent,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€of€the€appellantððs€guilt€was€overwhelming€and€affirm€theÐ tÄ Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð `° ÐÌà@¬¬)ìàò òI.ó óˆÐ 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€in€this€case€entered€the€judgment€of€conviction€on€January€13,€1999,Ð $ t Ðand€the€appellant€filed€her€motion€for€new€trial€on€February€22,€1999,€more€than€thirty€daysÐ  ` Ðthereafter.€€òòóóTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€33(b)€provides€that€a€motion€for€new€trial€must€be€made€in€writing€orÐ ü L  Ðreduced€to€writing€within€thirty€days€of€the€ð ðdate€the€order€of€sentence€is€entered.ðð€€òòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.Ð è 8  ÐR.€Crim.€P.€32(e)(ð ð[a]€judgment€of€conviction€shall€set€forth€the€plea,€the€verdict€or€findings,€and€theÐ Ô$  Ðadjudication€and€sentenceðð).€€The€time€limitation€set€forth€in€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€33(b)€is€not€onlyÐ À  Ðmandatory€but€also€jurisdictional.€€òòState€v.€Martinóó,€940€S.W.2d€567,€569€(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.Ð ¬ü  ÐJohnsonóó,€980€S.W.2d€414,€418€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998);€òòState€v.€Bowlingóó,€No.€03C01„9805„CR„Ð ˜è  Ð00167,€1999€WL€782470,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€September€28,€1999).€€In€otherÐ „Ô  Ðwords,€the€trial€court€in€this€case€did€not€possess€jurisdiction€to€hear€the€appellantððs€motion€for€newÐ pÀ Ðtrial€following€the€expiration€of€the€time€limitation,€òòid.óó,€and€this€court€does€not€have€the€authorityÐ \¬ Ðto€waive€the€requirement€of€a€timely€filed€motion€for€new€trial.€€òòJohnsonóó,€980€S.W.2d€at€418.€òòóó€Thus,Ð H˜ Ðthe€appellant€has€relinquished€her€right€to€argue€in€this€appeal€any€issues€that€were€or€should€haveÐ 4„ Ðbeen€presented€in€her€motion€for€new€trial,€òòMartinóó,€940€S.W.2d€at€569;€òòJohnsonóó,€980€S.W.2d€at€418;Ð  p ÐòòBowlingóó,€No.€03C01„9805„CR„00167,€1999€WL€782470,€at€*4;òòóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e),€i.e.,€anyÐ  \ Ðissues€that€would€not€require€the€outright€dismissal€of€the€appellantððs€case,€òòState€v.€Seatonóó,€914Ð øH ÐS.W.2d€129,€131€(Tenn.Crim.App.€1995).Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àThat€having€been€said,€this€court€may,€in€its€discretion,€take€notice€of€an€error€whichÐ ¼  Ðaffects€a€substantial€right€of€a€defendant€when€necessary€to€achieve€substantial€justice.€òòóó€òòState€v.Ð ¨ø ÐSmithóó,€No.€W1998„00156„SC„R11„CD,€2000€WL€872830,€at€*7€(Tenn.€at€Jackson,€June€30,€2000);Ð ”ä ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€After€carefully€reviewing€the€issues€presented€by€the€appellant€and€theÐ €Ð Ðrecord€before€this€court,€we€decline€to€exercise€our€discretion.€òòóó€Accordingly,€the€sole€remaining€issueÐ l¼ Ðis€the€appellantððs€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àHowever,€we€are€faced€with€yet€another€problem.€€Under€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€4(a),€aÐ 0"€  Ðdefendant€must€file€her€notice€of€appeal€within€30€days€ð ðafter€the€date€of€entry€of€the€judgmentÐ #l! Ðappealed€from€.€.€.€.ðð€€Again,€the€judgment€in€this€case€was€entered€on€January€13,€1999.€€TheÐ $X" Ðappellant€filed€her€notice€of€appeal€on€April€13,€1999.€€Of€course,€the€timely€filing€of€a€motion€forÐ ô$D # Ðnew€trial€tolls€this€time€limitation€until€the€entry€of€the€order€denying€the€motion.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð à%0!$ Ð4(c).€€Yet,€as€we€have€already€observed,€the€appellant€in€this€case€failed€to€file€her€motion€for€newÐ Ì&"% Ðtrial€in€a€timely€fashion.€€Moreover,€we€note€that,€even€if€the€appellant€had€timely€filed€her€motionÐ ¸'#& Ðfor€new€trial,€the€order€denying€the€appellantððs€motion€was€entered€on€March€8,€1999.€€TheÐ ¤(ô#' Ðappellantððs€notice€of€appeal€was€filed€more€than€thirty€days€thereafter.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àWe€acknowledge€that,€unlike€the€motion€for€new€trial,€the€notice€of€appeal€documentÐ ° Ðâ âis€not€jurisdictional,€and€this€court€may€waive€the€timely€filing€of€such€document€in€the€interest€ofÐ œì Ðjustice.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€4(a).€€We€will,€therefore,€address€the€appellantððs€challenge€to€theÐ ˆØ Ðsufficiency€of€the€evidence.Ð tÄ ÐÌà@……)ìàò òII.ó óˆÐ L œ Ðà  àà ` àIn€Tennessee,€appellate€courts€accord€considerable€weight€to€the€verdict€of€a€jury€inÐ 8 ˆ Ða€criminal€trial.€€In€essence,€a€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€the€appellantððs€innocenceÐ $ t Ðand€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€the€appellant€carries€the€burden€of€demonstrating€to€thisÐ  ` Ðcourt€why€the€evidence€will€not€support€the€juryððs€findings.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914Ð ü L  Ð(Tenn.€1982).€€The€appellant€must€establish€that€ð ðno€reasonable€trier€of€factðð€could€have€found€theÐ è 8  Ðessential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,Ð Ô$  Ð99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€Tenn€R.€App.€P.€13(e).Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àAccordingly,€on€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÐ ˜è  Ðevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657Ð „Ô  ÐS.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€In€other€words,€questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses€andÐ pÀ Ðthe€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,Ð \¬ Ðare€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€and€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pruettóó,€788€S.W.2d€559,€561€(Tenn.Ð H˜ Ð1990).Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€this€case,€it€was€largely€undisputed€that€the€appellantððs€boyfriend,€Mr.€ThomasÐ  \ ÐChambers,€killed€her€husband,€Mr.€Clyde€Solomon.€€The€principal€issues€at€trial€were€whether€theÐ øH Ðkilling€constituted€first€degree,€premeditated€murder€and€whether€the€appellant€was€criminallyÐ ä4 Ðresponsible€for€the€killing.€€Thus,€the€State€was€first€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€thatÐ Ð  ÐMr.€Chambers€killed€Mr.€Solomon€intentionally€and€with€premeditation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„Ð ¼  Ð202(a)(1)€(1997).òòóó€Ð ¨ø Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA€premeditated€act€additionally€requires€the€prior€exercise€à8@¸` x` xàà8 @ àofÐ ”ä Ðreflection€and€judgment.€€ððPremeditationðð€means€that€the€intent€to€killÐ €Ð Ðmust€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€act€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€thatÐ l¼ Ðthe€purpose€to€kill€pre„exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accused€for€anyÐ X ¨ Ðdefinite€period€of€time.€€The€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€timeÐ D!” Ðthe€accused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€inÐ 0"€  Ðorder€to€determine€whether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€fromÐ #l! Ðexcitement€and€passion€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.Ð$X"` x` x ЀTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€ð ðAt€the€same€time,€if€a€defendant€becomes€impassioned€later,€butÐ ô$D # Ðððthe€intent€to€kill€was€formed€as€a€result€of€premeditation€.€.€.€prior€to€the€crime,€it€is€immaterial€thatÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€act€was€carried€out€in€a€state€of€passion.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€No.€W1998„00634„CCA„R3„DD,€2000Ð Ì&"% ÐWL€298901,€at€*7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€March€14,€2000)(citations€omitted).Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€State€may€prove€the€necessary€elements€of€first€degree€murder€by€direct€evidence,Ð )à$( Ðcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€thereof.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€541€(Tenn.Ð |*Ì%) Ð1992).€€Accordingly,€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing€may€suffice€to€satisfy€the€StateððsÐ h+¸&* Ðburden€of€proving€premeditation.€òòóó€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pikeóó,€978€S.W.2d€904,€914€(Tenn.€1998),€òòcert.€deniedóó,Ð ° Ð526€U.S.€1147,€119€S.Ct.€2025€(1999);€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997);òòóó€òòBrownóó,Ð œì Ð836€S.W.2d€at€539;€òòState€v.€Burlisonóó,€868€S.W.2d€713,€717€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)òòóó.€€Specifically,Ð ˆØ Ðthe€following€factors€will€support€a€juryððs€inference€of€premeditation:€(1)€facts€about€the€defendantððsÐ tÄ Ðprior€relationship€to€the€victim€from€which€motive€may€be€inferred;€(2)€declarations€by€the€defendantÐ `° Ðof€an€intent€to€kill;€(3)€planning€activities€by€the€defendant€before€the€killing,€including€theÐ L œ Ðprocurement€of€a€weapon€or€preparations€for€concealment€of€the€crime;€(4)€the€nature€of€the€killing,Ð 8 ˆ Ðincluding€the€defendantððs€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€killing€of€the€victimÐ $ t Ðwhile€the€victim€is€retreating€or€attempting€to€escape,€or€the€particular€cruelty€of€the€killing;€(5)€theÐ  ` Ðdefendantððs€demeanor€before€and€after€the€killing,€including€calmness€immediately€after€the€killing.€Ð ü L  ÐòòPikeóó,€978€S.W.2d€at€914„15;€òòBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660€(citing€òòBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€541„42,€andÐ è 8  ÐòòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€148€(Tenn.€1992))òòóó;€òòState€v.€Gentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€1,€4„5€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ô$  ÐApp.€1993);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€605€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€With€respect€to€theÐ À  Ðnature€of€the€killing,€repeated€shots€or€blows€will€not€alone€establish€premeditation€but€may€beÐ ¬ü  Ðconsidered€along€with€other€circumstances€in€assessing€the€existence€of€premeditation.€€òòBrownóó,€836Ð ˜è  ÐS.W.2d€at€542.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€State€was€also€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€appellant€wasÐ \¬ Ðcriminally€responsible€for€the€first€degree,€premeditated€murder€committed€by€Mr.€Chambers.€€InÐ H˜ Ðother€words,€the€State€was€required€to€prove€that€the€appellant,€Ð 4„ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[a]cting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€.€.€.€[theÐ  p Ðfirst€degree,€premeditated€murder],€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€theÐ  \ Ðresults€of€the€offense,€.€.€.€solicit[ed],€direct[ed],€aid[ed],€orÐ øH Ðattempt[ed]€to€aid€.€.€.€[Mr.€Chambers]€to€commit€the€offense€.€.€.€.Ðä4` x` x ЀTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402€(2)€(1997).€€This€provision€is€derived€from€the€common€law€andÐ Ð  Ðembraces€the€common€law€principles€governing€aiders€and€abettors€and€accessories€before€the€fact.€Ð ¼  ÐòòState€v.€Carsonóó,€950€S.W.2d€951,€955€(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Cowartóó,€No.€03C01„9512„CR„00402,Ð ¨ø Ð1999€WL€5174,€at€*9€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€January€8,€1999),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,Ð ”ä Ð(Tenn.€1999).€€According€to€these€common€law€principles,€ð ð[t]o€be€criminally€responsible€for€the€actsÐ €Ð Ðof€another,€a€defendant€must€ððassociate€himself€with€the€venture,€act€with€knowledge€that€an€offenseÐ l¼ Ðis€to€be€committed,€and€share€in€the€criminal€intent€of€the€principal€in€the€first€degree€.€.€.€.ðððð€€òòId.óóÐ X ¨ Ð(citing€òòJenkins€v.€Stateóó,€509€S.W.2d€240,€245€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1974)).Ð D!” ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€does€not€dispute€that€Mr.€Chambers€committed€the€firstÐ #l! Ðdegree,€premeditated€murder€of€her€husband.€€Rather,€she€asserts€that€the€State€failed€to€establish€thatÐ $X" Ðshe€was€criminally€responsible€for€the€murder.€€We€disagree.€€The€evidence€adduced€at€trialÐ ô$D # Ðestablished€that€the€appellant€and€the€victim,€Mr.€Solomon,€married€on€March€6,€1995,€and€had€oneÐ à%0!$ Ðinfant€son€named€Adrian.€€In€October€1996,€the€appellant€and€Mr.€Solomon€separated,€and€theÐ Ì&"% Ðappellant€and€Adrian€moved€into€a€trailer€with€Mr.€Chambers.€€The€appellant€was€unable€to€affordÐ ¸'#& Ða€divorce€from€Mr.€Solomon,€and,€as€her€relationship€with€Mr.€Chambers€progressed,€the€appellantÐ ¤(ô#' Ðbegan€to€express€her€wish€that€her€husband€would€die.€€In€this€regard,€the€State€introduced€severalÐ )à$( Ðletters€or€journal€entries€seized€from€the€appellantððs€trailer€following€the€murder.€€One€undated€letterÐ |*Ì%) Ðappears€to€be€addressed€to€Mr.€Chambers.€€In€the€letter,€the€author€professes€her€love€for€Mr.Ð h+¸&* ÐChambers€and€repeatedly€writes,€ð ðClyde€dies.ðð€€A€second€letter€is€dated€December€6,€1996,€less€thanÐ ° Ðone€month€prior€to€the€murder,€and€is€similarly€addressed€to€Mr.€Chambers.€€The€author€states,€Ð œì Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTomorrow€is€my€birthday,€and€I€hope€you€know€what€would€be€theÐ ˆØ Ðbest€gift€ever.€€Well,€I€guess€Iððll€tell€you.€€Itððs€for€someone€to€bring€meÐ tÄ Ðproof€that€Clyde€is€dead.€€Truly€.€.€.€dead.Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€want€him€out€of€my€life€for€good.€€I€canððt€say€that€it€wonððt€hurt€meÐ 8 ˆ Ðfor€him€to€die,€because€I€know€it€will,€but€at€the€same€time€I€will€beÐ $ t Ðso€f***ing€happy€.€.€.€.€€I€love€you€always,€always€will.€€Nothing€inÐ  ` Ðthis€world€will€change€that.Ðü L ` x` x ÐThe€State€established€at€trial€that€the€appellant€was€born€on€December€7,€1975.€€Moreover,Ð è 8  Ðinterspersed€amongst€the€letters€or€journal€entries€are€drawings€of€hearts€containing€the€names€of€theÐ Ô$  Ðappellant€and€Mr.€Chambers.Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€State€further€established€that,€in€the€early€afternoon€of€December€26,€1996,€Mr.Ð ˜è  ÐSolomon€arrived€at€the€appellantððs€trailer€and€asked€the€appellant€if€he€could€visit€his€son.€€TheÐ „Ô  Ðappellant€informed€Mr.€Solomon€that€Adrian€was€not€at€home€at€that€time€but€assured€Mr.€SolomonÐ pÀ Ðthat€he€would€be€able€to€see€his€son€if€he€returned€to€the€trailer€later€in€the€afternoon.€€Apparently,Ð \¬ ÐAdrian€was€then€residing€with€Mr.€Chambersðð€mother€due€to€problems€with€the€plumbing€in€theÐ H˜ Ðtrailer.€€Notwithstanding€her€assurances€to€Mr.€Solomon,€the€appellant€never€retrieved€Adrian€fromÐ 4„ ÐMr.€Chambersðð€mother€on€the€day€in€question.Ð  p ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€a€confession€to€police,€the€appellant€recounted€that,€instead,€she€and€Mr.€ChambersÐ øH Ðdiscussed€the€possibility€of€killing€her€husband€upon€his€return€to€the€trailer,€and€Mr.€ChambersÐ ä4 Ðformulated€a€plan€to€shoot€Mr.€Solomon€and€claim€self„defense.€€Specifically,€Mr.€Chambers€ð ðwasÐ Ð  Ðgoing€to€cut€his€self€.€.€.€[a]nd€say€that€Clyde€cut€him.ðð€€Mr.€Chambers€assigned€to€the€appellant€theÐ ¼  Ðjob€of€ensuring€that€her€husband€entered€the€trailer€during€his€visit.€€Moreover,€in€anticipation€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðarrival€of€police€following€the€murder,€Mr.€Chambers€instructed€the€appellant€to€remove€drugÐ ”ä Ðparaphernalia€from€the€trailer.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€further€confessed€to€police€that€she€followed€Mr.€ChambersððÐ X ¨ Ðinstructions,€albeit€the€appellant€claimed€that€she€did€so€only€because€Mr.€Chambers€threatened€herÐ D!” Ðlife.€€Moreover,€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€otherwise€reflects€the€appellantððs€cooperation€with€Mr.Ð 0"€  ÐChambersðð€plan.€€Sean€Collier,€a€friend€and€co„worker€of€Mr.€Solomon,€testified€that€he€accompaniedÐ #l! ÐMr.€Solomon€to€visit€Adrian€on€December€26,€1996.€€When€Mr.€Collier€and€Mr.€Solomon€arrivedÐ $X" Ðat€the€trailer€in€the€late€afternoon,€the€appellant€informed€Mr.€Solomon€that€Adrian€was€being€bathedÐ ô$D # Ðby€a€neighbor€in€an€adjacent€trailer.€€She€insisted€that,€in€the€meantime,€Mr.€Solomon€come€into€herÐ à%0!$ Ðtrailer€and€speak€with€Mr.€Chambers.€€Indeed,€she€indicated€that€Mr.€Solomonððs€visitation€with€hisÐ Ì&"% Ðson€was€contingent€upon€his€entry€into€her€trailer.€€Mr.€Solomon€agreed€and€entered€the€appellantððsÐ ¸'#& Ðtrailer,€whereupon€the€appellant€carried€a€towel€or€blanket€to€the€neighboring€trailer€in€which€AdrianÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwas€purportedly€being€bathed.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àMr.€Collier€waited€outside€while€Mr.€Solomon€spoke€with€Mr.€Chambers€inside€theÐ ° Ðâ âappellantððs€trailer.€€As€he€waited,€Mr.€Collier€overheard€an€argument€between€Mr.€Solomon€and€Mr.Ð œì ÐChambers.€€When€Mr.€Collier€knocked€on€the€trailerððs€front€door,€Mr.€Solomon€assured€Mr.€CollierÐ ˆØ Ðthat€he€would€be€coming€outside€soon.€€At€this€point,€the€appellant€reemerged€from€the€neighboringÐ tÄ Ðtrailer€and€informed€Mr.€Collier€that€Adrian€was€asleep€and€that€she€did€not€wish€to€awaken€him.€Ð `° ÐMr.€Collier,€in€turn,€informed€the€appellant€that€he€had€overheard€an€argument€between€Mr.Ð L œ ÐChambers€and€Mr.€Solomon,€but€the€appellant€did€not€appear€to€be€concerned€and€continued€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðconversation€with€Mr.€Collier.€€Mr.€Collier€then€heard€two€gunshots€from€inside€the€appellantððsÐ $ t Ðtrailer,€and€Mr.€Solomon€emerged€from€the€front€door€of€the€trailer.€€Mr.€Solomon€appeared€to€beÐ  ` Ðinjured,€and,€as€Mr.€Collier€watched,€Mr.€Chambers€appeared€at€a€nearby€window€of€the€trailer,Ð ü L  Ðpointed€a€shotgun€out€of€the€window,€and€fired€the€weapon€in€the€direction€of€Mr.€Solomonððs€head.€Ð è 8  ÐMr.€Solomon€collapsed€onto€the€ground.€€Mr.€Collier€ran€in€search€of€a€telephone.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€evidence€at€trial€established€that,€inside€the€trailer,€Mr.€Chambers€shot€Mr.Ð ¬ü  ÐSolomon€two€times€in€the€chest€at€close€range€with€a€twelve„gauge€shotgun.€€As€Mr.€Solomon€fledÐ ˜è  Ðout€the€front€door€of€the€trailer,€Mr.€Solomon€shot€him€one€more€time€in€the€face.€€Mr.€Solomon€diedÐ „Ô  Ðas€a€result€of€the€two€shotgun€wounds€to€the€chest.€€Following€the€murder,€Mr.€Chambers€did€notÐ pÀ Ðattempt€to€flee.€€Rather,€when€the€police€arrived€at€the€trailer,€he€was€in€the€living€room€watchingÐ \¬ Ðcartoons€on€television.€€The€shotgun€was€lying€on€a€couch€in€the€same€room.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` à€Carol€Lewis,€the€appellantððs€neighbor,€testified€that,€on€the€day€of€the€murder,€theÐ  p Ðappellant€arrived€at€her€trailer€carrying€something€wrapped€in€a€babyððs€blanket.€€The€appellant€askedÐ  \ ÐMs.€Lewis€if€she€could€leave€an€item€in€Ms.€Lewisðð€trailer€because€the€police€would€be€arriving€soon.€Ð øH ÐMs.€Lewis€refused€to€keep€the€item€but€allowed€the€appellant€to€briefly€use€her€telephone.€€Finally,Ð ä4 ÐMs.€Lewis€asked€the€appellant€to€leave.€€Soon€thereafter,€Ms.€Lewis€heard€gunshots€from€theÐ Ð  Ðdirection€of€the€appellantððs€trailer.€€Upon€looking€out€her€window,€Ms.€Lewis€observed€Mr.€SolomonÐ ¼  Ðlying€on€the€ground€in€front€of€the€appellantððs€trailer.€€Mr.€Chambers€was€standing€in€the€doorwayÐ ¨ø Ðof€the€trailer€with€a€shotgun,€watching€the€victim.€€When€Mr.€Solomon€stopped€breathing,€Mr.Ð ”ä ÐChambers€returned€inside.€€Ms.€Lewis€asserted€at€trial€that€at€no€time€on€the€day€of€the€murder€wasÐ €Ð Ðthe€appellantððs€baby€inside€her€trailer.€€The€police€later€discovered€a€container€of€drug€paraphernaliaÐ l¼ Ðwrapped€in€a€babyððs€blanket€inside€one€of€the€vehicles€parked€beside€the€appellantððs€trailer.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àFinally,€both€Mr.€Collier€and€Ms.€Lewis€testified€that€they€could€not€recall€seeingÐ 0"€  Ðanything€in€Mr.€Solomonððs€hands€at€the€time€of€the€murder.€€Nevertheless,€the€police€discovered€aÐ #l! Ðð ðbox€cutterðð€lying€close€beside€the€victimððs€right€hand.€€There€were€no€fingerprints€on€the€box€cutterÐ $X" Ðand€the€only€blood€on€the€instrument€was€on€the€one€side€touching€the€ground€and€a€pool€of€bloodÐ ô$D # Ðthat€had€formed€beside€the€victim.€€Dr.€John€Carl€Neff,€an€expert€in€the€field€of€pathology,€testifiedÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€Mr.€Solomon€would€have€been€unable€to€carry€anything€in€his€right€hand€after€receiving€the€twoÐ Ì&"% Ðshotgun€wounds€to€his€chest.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€sum,€the€above€evidence€amply€supports€findings€that€the€appellant€was€aware€thatÐ )à$( ÐMr.€Chambers€was€going€to€kill€her€husband€on€the€afternoon€of€December€26,€1996,€the€appellantÐ |*Ì%) Ðshared€Mr.€Chambersðð€intent€to€kill€her€husband€and€participated€in€the€planning€of€the€murder,€andÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€appellant€both€solicited€and€aided€Mr.€Chambersðð€commission€of€the€offense.€€This€issue€isÐ ° Ðwithout€merit.Ð œì ÐÌà@^^(ìàò òIII.ó óˆÐ tÄ Ðà  àà ` àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEÔ#†X/4XXX]æ{#ÔÔ_Ô