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B*0 D/0 D+0 0 1 D/3 0@3 064 0D4 0:L5 0^5 0<5 1e 6U66U*6 1u6 72Z7 0c7 0N72=8 o8 8 0~8E9 0D9 BY9Y9 v9v9 9b999:9999999 99 99 :HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6V,,,,V0(@ Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,("  Z6Times New Roman Regularv1 h_B0CCA103|x U    ' ib011r90ib011r9 .   \  `&Times New Roman*+ (_2623  ..*G+G (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ../%` ` hp x /   *8+8 (_24  ," hp x ,23  ..," hp x ,  *5+5 (_23 ` ) hp x )23  ..) hp x ) ` *2+2 (_22  &hhp x &23  ..&hhp x &  */+/ (_21  #p x #23  ..#p x #  *,+, (_20 h  p x 23  .. p x h *)+) (_19  pp x 23  ..pp x   *&+& (_18   x 23  .. x   *AA (_17  5+ ` hp x 523  Ԁ5+ ` hp x 5  *GG (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ/%` ` hp x /   *88 (_15  ," hp x ,23  Ԁ," hp x ,  *55 (_14 ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ) hp x ) ` *22 (_13  &hhp x &23  Ԁ&hhp x &  *// (_12  #p x #23  Ԁ#p x #  *,, (_11 h  p x 23  Ԁ p x h *)) (_10  pp x 23  Ԁpp x   (&& &_9   x 23  Ԁ x   (AA &_8  5+ ` hp x 523  5+ ` hp x 5  (GG &_7   /%` ` hp x /23  /%` ` hp x /   (88 &_6  ," hp x ,23  ," hp x ,  (55 &_5 ` ) hp x )23  ) hp x ) ` (22 &_4  &hhp x &23  &hhp x &  (// &_3  #p x #23  #p x #  (,, &_2 h  p x 23   p x h ()) &_1  pp x 23  pp x   &&& $_   x 23   x   0AA.Normal  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition T  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(hh&H1  5+ ` hp x 5      5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H2  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H3  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H4  5+ ` hp x 5 XXX 5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H5  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H6  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  2DD0Address  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted  /%  ,Kk %#/KJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/  <:zBottom of 7?(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?K%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7@(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d>)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For7B(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?K%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7@(X75+ ` hp x 5  >)2dxd0KS.SampleKJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.<6X9`(Courier New%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Li)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  (O$ presentence CrimSDU_46SR;8250(.(3($ !USUS.,      0  (#$  0   dSR;15431SR;15434- - 0#Xd# [ SR;15655SR;15667SR;15669 !USUS.,  _XXXXXX^  @@tt#XX\#fXXINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @@%ATNASHVILLE#XXf#XX # AssignedonBriefs @  @` August10,2004 F #XXo#XX #XX#X#q2 .=# .q2STATEOFTENNESSEEv.#q2 ##X# X q2^#q2 XX#  q2ԀARTHURSOUTHERN #q2 B##X# X q2##XXXX# XX  f #XX# DirectAppealfromtheCircuitCourtforFranklinCounty 7  @@t t Nos.14,219&14,663󀀀ThomasW.Graham,Judge ! q @@*AVT) ` dE<` A /  @@No.M200302150CCAR3CDFiledNovember22,_2004_ (  AVT) ` dE<` A    TheDefendant,ArthurSouthern,pledguiltytotwocountsofsaleofascheduleIIcontrolled   substance.ThetrialcourtsentencedtheDefendanttofouryearsandthreemonthsoneachcountand  orderedthatthesentencesrunconsecutively,foraneffectivesentenceofeightyyearsandsix v months.TheDefendantfiledamotiontowithdrawhisguiltyplea,whichthetrialcourtdenied.The _ Defendantthenfiledamotionforanewsentencinghearingorasentencereduction,whichthetrial H courtdenied.OnappealtheDefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredwhenit:(1)deniedhis 1 motiontowithdrawhisguiltyplea;and(2)orderedthathissentencesrunconsecutively.Finding j noreversibleerror,weaffirmthejudgmentsofthecourt. S #X# XXX#XXXX# #X# XXX #XXXX#    Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentsoftheCircuitCourtAffirmed#X# XXX1 #XXXX#   % RobertW._Wedemeyer_,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidH.Welles,and  NormaMcGeeOgle,JJ.,joined.  TimothyS.Priest(onappeal),Winchester,Tennessee,andDavidMcGovern(athearing),Jasper, c Tennessee,fortheappellant. L  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;ThomasE.Williams,III,AssistantAttorney "n! General;JamesMichaelTaylor,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;WilliamCopeland,AssistantDistrict #W" AttorneyGeneral#X# XXX #XXXX# ,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. #@#     OPINION  %!% #X# XXX #XXXX# @& I.Facts  &!&   #X# XXX}#XXXX#   ThiscasearisesfromtheDefendantsconvictionsfortwocountsofsaleofascheduleII (#( controlledsubstance,lessthan.5grams,whichisaclassCfelony.OnNovember6,2001,the h)$) DefendantwasindictedonfourcountsofsaleordeliveryofcocaineoccurringonMay29,2001, Q*%* twocountsoccurringonMay30,2001,andtwocountsoccurringonJune10,2001.OnJuly2, :+&+ 2002,theDefendantwasindictedontwocountsofsaleordeliveryofcocaineoccurringonOctober #,s', 27,2001.  -\(-  -E). ^ ^8# XXdd8[ ^    Thetrialcourtheldaguiltypleahearingonbothcases,atwhichthefollowingoccurred.The  StateinformedthetrialcourtthattheDefendantwouldbepleadingguiltytotwocountsofsaleof  ascheduleIIcontrolledsubstanceasaRangeIoffender.ThetrialcourtaskedtheDefendant, Is  whatyouunderstoodyouweregoingtopleadtotwoseparateCfelonies,whichcarrywiththem k sentencesofbetweenthreeandsixyears...isthatwhatyouunderstood?TheDefendant T responded Yes,sir.AnofftherecorddiscussionbetweentheDefendantandhiscounselthen =  occurred,afterwhichthetrialcourtexplainedtheDefendantspossiblesentence,stating: & v 8  [DEFENDANTSCOUNSEL#X# XXX#XXXX# ]:Thejudgewouldmakethatdecision" H   8  THECOURT:(Interposing)IftheyreentirelyseparateeventsyouknowIdhave  1  tomakethatdecisionandprobablyiftheyreentirelyseparateeventswewouldnot    runthemconcurrent.Buttheissueis!firstofall,wouldbewhetheryoureguilty   ofthecrimesandthenhowyouwouldservethesentence,whethertherewouldbe   probationimmediately.Ifyouvegotarecord...itsnotlikelyyoullwouldget   immediateprobation,soyouwouldendupservingsometimeand...[_c]hances_Ԁare n  ...itwouldberunconsecutivebecausetheyareseparatedintimeby...four W  months..isthatwhatyouunderstoodnow?@   8  [TheDefendant]:Right.)y   8  THECOURT:Okay.Allright,[Defendantscounsel]haveyoubeenoverwiththe b DefendantthenatureofthechargesandtheRangeofpunishmentonthesetwo K cases?4   8  [DEFENDANTSCOUNSEL]:Yes,sir,Ihave.   ThetrialcourtexplainedtheDefendantsrightstotheDefendantandaskedtheDefendantifhewas  choosingtowaivethoserights,andtheDefendantaffirmativelyacknowledgedthathewaswaiving  hisrights.ThetrialcourtinformedtheDefendantthattheDefendanthadpreviousconvictionsthat q were goingtobelookedatwhenit[came]timeforsentencing.TheDefendantacknowledgedthat Z heunderstood.ThecourtinformedtheDefendantthathissentencewouldbedecidedbythecourt C andthat,iftheDefendantspleawasaccepted,theStateagreedtodroptheothereightcharges ,| againsthim.Again,theDefendantindicatedthatheunderstood.TheDefendantassertedtothe e courtthathebelievedthatenteringthisguiltypleawasinhisbestinterest.TheDefendantinformed N thecourtthathispleawasnottheresultofanyforce,pressure,orintimidation.  7   TheStatesummarizedthefactsthatitwouldhaveprovenattrialforthetwocountstowhich " ! theDefendantwaspleadingguilty,stating: #" 8  [_H]ad_Ԁ...thiscasecontinuedtotrialwewouldhavecalledSergeantMike_Buckner_ t% $ severalotherinvestigatorswiththe_Decherd_ԀPoliceDepartment,plusanundercover ]&!% operative,andtwo_TBI_Ԁcrimelabchemists,DavidBrownandAdamGray.The F'"& proofwouldshowthatonthedateintheindictmentinthiscase,May29th,inthe /(#' earlyeveninghours,anundercoveroperativeapproachedthe[_D]efendant_Ԁon )h$( _Wilkerson_ԀStreet.The[_D]efendant_Ԁcameoutandtheundercoveroperativerequested *Q%) a50,the[_D]efendant_Ԁthenprovidedanoffwhiterocksubstance,whichturnedout *:&* tobeofcrackcocaine,andsoldittohimfor$50.00.+#'+   Ї8   ` [_I]n_Ԁcasenumber14663,October27th,2001,wasthedateofthisevent.If  thiscasehadgonetotrialwewouldhavecalledHerb_Glassmeyer_,Danny_Mantooth_,  certainotherWinchesterPoliceDepartmentofficers,alsoBrentTrotterofthe_TBI_  Crimelabandtwoundercoveroperatives.Theproofwouldshowonthatdate... k ataplacecalledtheHoneyHole,whichisactuallyon_Wilkerson_ԀStreetin_Decherd_, T Tennessee,the[_D]efendant_Ԁsoldanundercoveroperativea$20.00rockofcocaine. =  Andthatsubstancewasconfirmedtobecrackbythelab.& v   Afterthissummarizationoffacts,thefollowingoccurred:  H 8  THECOURT:Allright,[Defendant],didyouhearwhat[theState]said?     8  [THEDEFENDANT]:Yes,sir.    8  THECOURT:Didthosetwobuyshappenashesaidtheyhappened?    8  [THEDEFENDANT]:Notnecessarily.    8  THECOURT:Wellyouhaveto!ImeanImnotgoingtofindyouguiltyiftheres n  nofactstosupportit,sotheonlybasisforthefactsisthatyouagree...thatthey W  wouldbeabletoputonprooftothateffect.@   8  [THEDEFENDANTSCOUNSEL]:CanItalkto....)y   8  (offtherecorddiscussionbetween[theDefendant]and[theDefendantscounsel].)#X# XXX#XXXX# b   8  [THEDEFENDANTSCOUNSEL]:Judge,heandyoucaninquireofhimabout K this,heindicatesthatheunderstandstheStatecouldputonprooftothateffect, 4 whichwouldbe,Ithinkisthestandard.WereconfidentthatHenry_Parrish_Ԁwould  testifytothatandthat"   8  #X# XXX+#XXXX# THECOURT:(Interposing)Thathebelievesitsinhisbestinteresttoofferthis  plea?   8  [THEDEFENDANTSCOUNSEL]:Yes,sir.q   8  THECOURT:BasedonwhatyouthinktheStatewouldputon,isthatright?Z   8  [THEDEFENDANT]:#X# XXX-#XXXX# ԀYes,sir.C   8  THECOURT:Okay.SothisisabestinterestpleaIguessyouresaying?,|   8  [THEDEFENDANTSCOUNSEL]:Judge,Iwasntawareofthatuntilthismoment, e butapparentlyso.N   8  THECOURT:Allright.Well,[Defendant],doyoustillwishtoofferpleasofguilty  7 inthesetwocasesoneinvolvingtheallegedsaleonMaythe29th,#X# XXXG/#XXXX# 2001,andthe !   otheroneonOctober27th,2001." !   8  [THEDEFENDANT]:#X# XXX1#XXXX# ԀYes,Sir.#"     ThetrialcourtacceptedtheDefendantsguiltyplea,and,subsequently,itheldasentencinghearing t% $ atwhichitadmittedintoevidencetheDefendantspresentencereport,whichshowedthatthe ]&!% DefendanthadtwopreviousfelonyconvictionsforsaleofascheduleIIcontrolledsubstanceand F'"& multiplemisdemeanorconvictions.TheDefendantscounselinformedthetrialcourtthatthe /(#' Defendantcalledhisofficethepreviousdayandinformedcounselthathewasgoingtohireanother )h$( attorneyandtowithdrawhisguiltyplea.TheDefendantscounselrequestedtimetoresearchthis *Q%) issueandtodeterminewhethertheDefendantwasentitledtowithdrawhisplea.Thetrialcourt *:&* suggestedthatthepartiesfinalizetheDefendantssentenceatthehearingandthen,atalaterdate, +#'+ determinewhethertherewasabasisforawithdrawaloftheplea.Baseduponthepresentencereport  andtheargumentsofcounsel,thetrialcourtsentencedtheDefendant,stating:  8  Thetwofactorscitedforenhancing[theDefendantssentenceare][two]and[nine], k [and]theCourtispersuadedthatbothofthosecertainlydoapplyinthiscase.The T [_D]efendant_Ԁhasaprevioushistoryofcriminalconvictionsorcriminalbehaviorin =  additiontothosenecessarytoestablishtheappropriaterange,noquestionthatsthe & v case. _   8   ` Numbereight,thatthe[_D]efendant_Ԁhasaprevioushistoryofunwillingness  1  tocomplywiththeconditionsofasentenceinvolvingreleaseinthecommunity.    Thatalsoisapplicable.    8   ` Soandthoseappeartobethekey_enhancers_Ԁthatwouldbethebasisfora   requirementthatthemattersbeenhanced.Eachoftheseisathreetosixyear n  sentence,sotheenhancementinthiscaseinthe[_c]ourt_sopinionbasedonthe W  numberofpreviousconvictionsandsoforthshouldbeayearandahalfoneachof @ thesecounts,whichwouldmakeitafourandahalfyearsentence.)y   8   ` Lookingnowatthemitigators,youknowotherthanthepossibilitythatthere K mightbesomeapplication,Iguess,ofthisconductnotthreateningseriousbodily 4 injury,Imeanthatsstretchingthesituationbecauseoftheinvolvementofdrugsand  soforth,butanyway,youknow,Imightgivesomeconsiderationtothatfact,there  wasnogunplayoranythinginvolved,otherthanthatIcantseeamitigatingfactor  thatislistedin4035113thatwould...applyhere.SoImgoingtobasicallyleave  thesentenceswheretheyare.IguessifImgoingtogiveanyrecognitionatallto q thefactthatnobodywasphysicallyimmediatelythreatened,itwouldbeveryslight, Z somaybeIllgivethreemonths...offoneachsentenceforthat.C   8   ` Thequestionnowiswhetherornotthesentencesshouldberunconcurrent e orconsecutive.Sincetheyaredifferentcasenumbersandthetimeframeis N significantlydifferentImnotsurehowwewouldjustifyaconcurrentsentencein  7 thiscase....[_L]ook_Ԁatthecriterionon4035115,whichisthemultipleconviction !   criteriaforlookingatit....Ithinktheconvictionsoughttorunconsecutive.Idont " ! seehowwecanjustifytreatingthemasoneevent.Hesalreadygottenthebenefit #" ofkindofonepunishmentformorethanoneeventbecauseintheonecasethere $# weremultiplebuysandpartofthepleawastokindofhaveseveralofemgoaway, t% $ soIthinkthatthatsenoughisenoughonthat,sothesentencewillberun ]&!% consecutiveratherthanconcurrent.F'"&     OnMarch11,2003,thetrialcourtheldahearingontheDefendantsmotiontowithdrawhis *Q%) guiltyplea.TheDefendant,representedbynewcounsel,toldthecourtthatheonlypledguiltyto *:&* thesecrimesbecausehethoughtitwasinhisbestinterest.TheDefendanttestifiedthat,attheguilty +#'+ pleahearing,theStatearticulatedthefactsthatitwouldproveifthecasewenttotrial,andwhenthe  trialcourtaskedtheDefendantifthosewerethefacts,heresponded notnecessarily.The  Defendantsaidthathefiledamotiontowithdrawhisguiltypleabecausehedidnotcommitthese  crimes,buthethoughthisson,whoheidentifiedbyname,hadcommittedthesecrimes.The k Defendantsaidthathehadaletterfromhissonthatstatedhissoncommittedthecrimes.He T testifiedthatheonlypledguiltytothecrimesbecausehisattorneytoldhimthat,ifhepledguilty, =  hewouldgetsentencedtothreeorfouryears.Hesaidthatheenteredtheguiltypleaonlytoprotect & v hisson.TheDefendanttestifiedthat,hadhegottenathreeorfouryearsentence,hewouldnothave  _ enteredamotiontowithdrawhisplea.Thetrialcourtreadtheportionoftheguiltypleatranscript  H wherethetrialcourtinformedtheDefendantofthepossiblepunishmentforhisplea,andthe  1  Defendantsaidthathe misunderstood.ThetrialcourtremindedtheDefendantthathewastold    thathissentenceswouldlikelyberunconsecutively,andtheDefendantrespondedthathestilldid   notunderstand.     TheDefendantscounselattheguiltypleahearing,DavidMcGovern,testifiedthat,priorto n  theDefendantsguiltyplea,hewentoverelementsofthechargedoffensewiththeDefendantand W  thesentencethatcouldbeimposed.Hesaidthathealsowentoverconcurrentandconsecutive @ sentencingwiththeDefendant.McGoverntestifiedthathedidnotrememberiftheDefendantsaid )y thatheunderstood,buthesaidthathewouldnothaveproceededwiththepleaiftheDefendant b appearedconfused.McGovernsaidhewasnotawarethattheDefendanthadasonwhowasgoing K totestifythathecommittedthesecrimes,buthedidnotrecallanyspecificdetailsofthecase.On 4 crossexamination,McGovernadmittedthathedidnotremember muchofwhathadoccurredand  thathecouldnotrebutwhattheDefendanthadsaid.Uponquestioningbythetrialcourt,McGovern  saidthathewouldhaveonlyrecommendedabestinterestpleaifitmadesenseto takethatstep.  McGovernsaidthatheneverhadabasisforthinkingthattheDefendantssonhadcommittedthis  crime.ThetrialcourtthenaskedtheDefendantwhyhissonwasnotpresenttotestifyatthehearing q thathehadcommittedthesecrimessoastomeettheDefendantsburdenofproof.TheDefendants Z attorneyatthehearingontheDefendantsmotiontowithdrawalhisguiltypleasaidthathehad C neverspokenwiththeson. ,|   ThetrialcourtfoundthattheDefendantsrequesttofileamotiontowithdrawhisguiltyplea N occurredpriortotheDefendantssentencingandthat,therefore,theDefendantmustonlyshowa  7 fairandjustreasontowithdrawhisplea.Thecourtreadfromthetranscriptoftheguiltyplea !   hearingandheld: " ! 8  [_W]ithout_Ԁsomething...morethanjusthisownstatementaboutwhathecouldor $# couldnotputonImnotgoingtodeterminethisagainsttheState.Idonotthinkhis t% $ statementunsupportedbyanyfactswhatsoeverotherthanhisownstatementthatthat ]&!% issufficienttomeettheburden.Imeanheisnot...necessarilyacrediblewitness, F'"& ...inmanywaysbecausehescommittedcrimesintimespastonethingoranother, /(#' andallIvegot[to]relyonishisownstatementthathereallyhasanotherwitness )h$( hecouldhavebroughtin,buthedoesntbringhimintoday.Hedidnthavehim *Q%) then,soImgoingtodenyyourmotion.*:&*    +#'+   OnJuly24,2003,thetrialcourtheldahearingontheDefendantsmotionforanew  sentencinghearingor,inthealternative,asentencereduction.Thetrialcourtreviewedhisdecision  toorderconsecutivesentencing,stating:  8  Ifyoumakethemconcurrentyouwoulddosoprimarilybecausetheywereclosein T time,maybepartofthesamecriminalenterpriseorsomethingofthatnatureoryou =  mightdoitbecausethedefendanthadnopreviousrecordandmaybeitwasall & v relatedtosomeinabilityonhispartto,youknow,comply,butthisrecordasIrecall  _ therewereabunchofthingsthatwereretired.Abunchofcounts,otherevents,that  H wereretiredevenintheprocessoftakingthisplea,plusapparentlyhisextensive,  1  severalpagecriminalhistoryherewouldindicatethatitsnotlikeitsaonetime    offenseorevenaonetimeseriesofoffenses.Itslike,youknow,theyrejustalmost   entirelyseparate.    Afterhearingargumentsofcounsel,thetrialcourtdeniedthemotion,holding Idontseeanything n  thatcausesme,ImeanIhope[he]_ha[s_]seentheerrorof[his]waysand[is]goingtodobetterin W  ...[_t]he_Ԁfuture,butIcantletthatbeabasisforchangingthissentenceatthistime.So...Im @ denyingyourmotion. )y   ItisfromthesejudgmentsofthetrialcourtthattheDefendantnowappeals. K #X# XXXB2#X# XXX# @$ II.Analysis   #X# XXX# ^#X# XXX#   Onappeal,theDefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredintworegards.First,heasserts  thatthetrialcourtimproperlydeniedhismotiontowithdrawhisguiltyplea.Next,hecontendsthat  thetrialcourterredwhenitorderedthathistwosentencesrunconsecutively. r #X# XXX# |_#X# XXX# @  A.MotiontoWithdrawGuiltyPlea D  #X# XXX# a#ThewithdrawalofapleaofguiltyisgovernedbyRule32(f)oftheTennesseeRulesofCriminal h ProcedureX# XXX# .Thisrulestates:  Q 8  Amotiontowithdrawapleaofguiltymaybemadeuponashowingbythedefendant !#  ofanyfairandjustreasononlybeforesentenceisimposed;butto% Q #X# XXX# 1b#%Q1ccorrectmanifest " ! injustice,thecourtaftersentence,butbeforethejudgmentbecomesfinal,mayset #" asidethejudgmentofconvictionandpermitthedefendanttowithdrawhisplea. $#  `     Therulecreatestwostandardsfordeterminingwhetheranaccusedshouldbepermittedtowithdraw I'"& apleaofguilty.Theproperstandardtobeappliedbythetrialcourtdependsuponwhentheaccused 2(#' filesthemotiontowithdrawtheplea.Whenthemotionisfiledpriortotheimpositionofsentence, )k$( thestandardtobeappliedis afairandjustreason.Whenthemotionisfiledaftertheimposition *T%) ofsentence,thestandardtobeappliedis manifestinjustice.Adefendant isnotentitledto *=&* withdrawapleaofguiltyasamatterofright.X# XXX# Statev.Turner,919S.W.2d346,355(Tenn.Crim. +&'+ App.1995)#X# XXX# +g#.X# XXX# Theburdenofestablishingthatthe#X# XXX# g#X# XXX# plea% X #X# XXX# )h#%XLhX# XXX# Ԁshouldbe#X# XXX# h#X# XXX# withdrawn% Z #X# XXX# h#X# XXX# %ZiԀisonthedefendant.Id.   Thepleawillnotbesetaside...merelybecausethedefendantexperiencesachangeofheart.  Statev.Davis,823S.W.2d217,220(Tenn.Crim.App.1991). Whetheranaccusedshouldbe  permittedtowithdrawapleaofguiltyisaquestionthatisaddressedtothesounddiscretionofthe k trialcourt.Id.Abuseofdiscretioninthiscontextmeanstheremustbenosubstantialevidenceto T supporttheconclusionofthetrialcourt.See_Goosby_Ԁv.State,917S.W.2d700,705(Tenn.Crim. =  App.1995)(citingStatev.Williams,851S.W.2d828,83031(Tenn.Crim.App.1992)). & v #X# XXX# 2i#  Inthiscase,thetrialcourtfoundthattheDefendanthadfiledhismotiontowithdrawhis  H guiltypleapriortohissentencing,byoralmotionathissentencinghearing.Therefore,themore  1  lenient fairandjustreasonstandardapplies.Whatconstitutesashowingof anyfairandjust    reasonisnotspecificallysetoutintheTennesseeRulesofCriminalProcedure,butthisCourthas   reliedonfactorsdeterminedbytheCourtofAppealsfortheSixthCircuittoberelevanttosuchan   analysis.SeeStatev.PatrickMaxwell,X# XXX# ԀNo.E199900124CCAR3CD,2000WL1606582,at*8   (Tenn.Crim.App.,atKnoxville,Oct.27,2000),noperm.app.filed;#X# XXX# bo#X# XXX# Statev.Antonio_Demonte_ n  Lyons,#X# XXX# :p#No.01C019508CR00263,1997WL469501,at*17(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,Aug. W  15,1997),noperm.app.filed(citingUnitedStatesv.Alexander,948F.2d1002,1003(6thCir. @ 1991)).WhileTennesseecourtsarenotboundbyfederalrules, thereismeritinuniformityandwe )y mayconsiderthemforguidance.Statev._Newsome_,778S.W.2d34,36(Tenn.1989)(citations b omitted). K   Indeterminingwhatconstitutesa fairandjustreason,theCourtofAppealsfortheSixth  CircuitinUnitedStatesv.Spencer,836F.2d236,23940(6thCir.1987),cert.denied,486U.S.  1009(1988),statedtherelevantfactorsas:  8  1.Thelengthoftimebetweentheentryoftheguiltypleaandthefilingofthe q motiontowithdrawit; Z 2.Whythegroundsforwithdrawalwerenotpresentedtothecourtatanearlierpoint C intheproceedings; ,| 3.Whetherthedefendanthasassertedandmaintainedhisinnocence; e 4.Thecircumstancesunderlyingtheentryofthepleaofguilty,thenatureand N backgroundofthedefendant,andwhetherthedefendanthasadmittedguilt;and  7 5.OncethedefendanthasestablishedaX# XXX# fair% e #X# XXX# v#%evX# XXX# Ԁandjustreason,whethertheprosecution !   willbeprejudicedshouldthe#X# XXX# /w#X# XXX# plea% g #X# XXX# w#%gwX# XXX# Ԁbe#X# XXX# 1x#X# XXX# withdrawn% i #X# XXX# wx#%ixX# XXX# ." !   #X# XXX# x#X# XXX# Consideringthesefactorsinthecaseundersubmission,weconcludethattheDefendantisnot $# entitledtorelief.TheDefendantcontendsthathewantedtowithdrawhisguiltypleabecausehedid t% $ notcommitthecrimesbutthathissondid.Hesaidhehadaletterfromhissonsostating,however, ]&!% hedidnotpresentthelettertothetrialcourtorcallhissontotestify.TheDefendanttestifiedthat, F'"& hadhereceivedasentenceofthreeorfouryears,hewouldnothavefiledthemotiontowithdraw /(#' hisguiltyplea.ThetrialcourtremindedtheDefendantthatthecourtspecificallytoldtheDefendant )h$( ofthepossiblesentencethathecouldreceive,andtheDefendantsaidthathe misunderstoodthe *Q%) trialcourt.ThetrialcourtfoundthattheDefendantwasnotacrediblewitness.#X# XXX# Cy#X# XXX# ԀUnderthese *:&* circumstances,theDefendanthasfailedtomeethisminimumburdenofpresentingevidenceto +#'+ establishthatanyfairandjustreasonexistsforgrantingthiswithdrawalofhisguiltypleas.We  concludethatsubstantialevidenceexistedtosupportthedenialoftheDefendantsmotionto  withdrawhisguiltypleasandthatthetrialcourtdidnotabuseitsdiscretioninsoruling.  #X# XXX# 5}#X# XXX# @hh C.ConsecutiveSentencing  T   #X# XXX# j#TheDefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredwhenitorderedthathistwosentencesrun ' w consecutively.Whenadefendantchallengesthelengthormannerofserviceofasentence,itisthe  ` dutyofthisCourttoconductadenovoreviewoftherecordwithapresumptionthat the  I determinationsmadebythecourtfromwhichtheappealistakenarecorrect.Tenn.CodeAnn.  2  4035401(d)(2003).Thispresumptionis conditionedupontheaffirmativeshowingintherecord    thatthetrialcourtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.   Statev.Ross,49S.W.3d833,847(Tenn.2001)(quotingStatev._Pettus_,986S.W.2d540,543   (Tenn.1999));Statev._Ashby_,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991).Thepresumptiondoesnotapply   tothelegalconclusionsreachedbythetrialcourtinsentencingadefendantortothedeterminations o  madebythetrialcourtwhicharepredicatedupon_uncontroverted_Ԁfacts.Statev.Dean,76S.W.3d X  352,377(Tenn.Crim.App.2001);Statev.Butler,900S.W.2d305,311(Tenn.Crim.App.1994); A Statev.Smith891S.W.2d922,929(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).Inconductingadenovoreviewof *z asentence,wemustconsider:(a)anyevidencereceivedatthetrialand/orsentencinghearing;(b) c thepresentencereport;_(c_)theprinciplesofsentencing;(d)theargumentsofcounselrelativeto L sentencingalternatives;(e)thenatureandcharacteristicsoftheoffense;(f)anymitigatingor 5 statutoryenhancementfactors;(g)anystatementsmadebythedefendantonhisorherownbehalf;  and(h)thedefendantspotentialorlackofpotentialforrehabilitationortreatment.Tenn.Code  Ann.4035210(2003);Statev.Taylor,63S.W.3d400,411(Tenn.Crim.App.2001).Theparty  challengingasentenceimposedbythetrialcourthastheburdenofestablishingthatthesentenceis  erroneous.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d),Sentencing_Commn_Ԁ_Cmts_. r  X# XXX# #X# XXX# A#  Inthecaseundersubmission,weconcludethatthereisampleevidencethatthetrialcourt D consideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Therefore,wereview -} itsdecisiondenovowithapresumptionofcorrectness.Accordingly,solongasthetrialcourt f compliedwiththepurposesandproceduresofthe1989SentencingActanditsfindingsare O supportedbythefactualrecord,thisCourtmaynotdisturbthissentenceevenifwewouldhave  8 preferredadifferentresult.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210,Sentencing_Commn_Ԁ_Cmts_;Statev. !!  Fletcher,805S.W.2d785,789(Tenn.Crim.App.1991).Wenotethatthedefendantbearsthe " ! burdenofshowingthatthesentenceisimproper.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401,Sentencing #" _Commn_Ԁ_Cmts_.;_Ashby_,823S.W.2dat169. $#  X# XXX#   IncalculatingthesentenceforaClassCfelonyconviction,thepresumptivesentenceisthe ^&!% statutoryminimumforaRangeIoffenderiftherearenoenhancementormitigatingfactors.See G'"& Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210_(c_).Ifthereareenhancementbutnomitigatingfactors,thetrialcourt 0(#' maysetthesentenceabovetheminimum,butstillwithintherange.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035 )i$( 210(d).Asentenceinvolvingbothenhancementandmitigatingfactorsrequiresanassignmentof *R%) relativeweightfortheenhancementfactorsasameansofincreasingthesentence.Tenn.CodeAnn. *;&* 4035210(e).Thesentencemustthenbereducedwithintherangebyanyweightassignedtothe +$'+ mitigatingfactorspresent.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210(e).ThesentencerangesforaRangeI  offenderforaclassCfelonyisnotlessthanthree(3)normorethansix(6)years.Tenn.CodeAnn.  4035112(2003).    TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtsrecentopinionin_Blakely_Ԁv.Washington,542U.S.__, T 124S.Ct.2531(2004),callsintoquestionthecontinuingvalidityofourcurrentsentencingscheme. =  Inthatcase,theCourt,applyingtherulein_Apprendi_Ԁv.NewJersey,566U.S.466,490(2000), & v struckdownaprovisionoftheWashingtonsentencingguidelinesthatpermittedatrialjudgeto  _ imposean exceptionalsentenceuponthefindingofcertainstatutorilyenumeratedenhancement  H factors.124S.Ct.at2537.TheCourtobservedthat thestatutorymaximumfor_Apprendi_  1  purposesisthemaximumsentenceajudgemayimposesolelyonthebasisofthefactsreflectedin    thejuryverdictoradmittedbythedefendant.124S.Ct.at2537.#X# XXX# 6#X# XXX# Finally,theCourtconcludedthat    everydefendanthasarighttoinsistthattheprosecutorprovetoajury[beyondareasonabledoubt]   allfactslegallyessentialtothepunishment.Id.at2539.   #X# XXX# #   Inthecaseundersubmission,thetrialcourtenhancedtheDefendantssentencedbasedupon X  twoenhancementfactorsenumeratedinTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035114:(2)the A defendanthasaprevioushistoryofcriminalconvictionsorcriminalbehaviorinadditiontothose *z necessarytoestablishtheappropriaterange;and(9)thedefendanthasaprevioushistoryof c unwillingnesstocomplywiththeconditionsofasentenceinvolvingreleaseinthecommunity. L Undertheruleestablishedin_Blakely_,theDefendantspriorconvictionsmaybeusedtoenhancethe 5 sentences.Thetrialcourt,inthisinstance,gaveweighttotwopriorconvictionsforsaleofcocaine  andthemultiplemisdemeanorconvictions.Factornumber(9)wasnotbasedupontheDefendants  X# XXX# priorconvictions% R #X# XXX# ^#%R,anditwasnotadmittedbytheDefendant.Inconsequence,theholdingin_Blakely_  wouldprecludeitsapplication.TheDefendantssentence,however,offouryearsandthreemonths,  enhancedbyoneyearandthreemonthsfromthepresumptiveminimum,isadequatelysupported r byenhancementfactornumber(2),whichwasbasedonhistwopriorfelonyconvictionsforthesale [ ofcocaineandhismultiplemisdemeanorconvictions. D    WenowturntotheDefendantscontentionthatthetrialcourterredbyorderinghissentences f torunconsecutively.TheDefendantassertsthatthetrialcourtbasedhisconsecutivesentenceson O primarilytwofactors,firstthattheseweretwoseparateincidentsseparatedbytimeandsecondthat  8 theStatedismissedotherchargespendingagainsttheDefendant.TheDefendantcontendsthat !!  neitherofthesefactorsislistedinthestatutegoverningconsecutivesentencing.TheStatecounters " ! thattheDefendantssentencewasorderedtorunconsecutivelybasedupontheDefendants #" extensivecriminalhistory.PursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035115(a)(2003),if $# adefendantisconvictedofmorethanonecriminaloffense,thecourtshallorderthesentencestorun u% $ eitherconsecutivelyorconcurrently.Thetrialcourtmayordersentencestorunconsecutivelyifthe ^&!% courtfindsbyapreponderanceoftheevidencethatoneormoreofthesevencriteriaenumeratedin G'"& TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035115(b)apply.Ifnoneofthecriteriainsubsection(b) 0(#' apply,the [_s]entences_Ԁshallbeorderedtorunconcurrently....Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(d). )i$( OnecriterionlistedinTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035115(b)isthatthe defendantisan *R%) offenderwhoserecordofcriminalactivityisextensive.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(2). *;&*  +$'+ X# XXX#   Inthecaseundersubmission,theDefendantspresentencereport,whichthetrialcourt  consideredatsentencing,showsthattheDefendantwasconvictedforseventeenfelonyand  misdemeanorconvictionsbetween1986and2001.Whenthetrialcourtrevieweditsdecisionto  orderthattheDefendantssentencesrunconsecutively,itnotedtheDefendants#X# XXX# #XXXX#  extensive,several k pagecriminalhistory.#X# XXX#X# XXX# ԀThetrialcourtalsoconsideredthechargesdismissedagainsttheDefendant T asevidenceofhisextensiverecordofcriminalactivity.Whilethetrialcourtalsomentionedthat =  thesewereseparateevents,afactornotenumeratedbystatute,thetrialcourtdidnotabuseits & v discretionbyorderingthattheDefendantsconvictionsrunconsecutively.Thisissueiswithout  _ merit.  H @NN" III.Conclusion       Inaccordancewiththeforegoingreasoningandauthorities,#X# XXX# g#XXXX# weaffirmtheDefendants   convictionsandsentence.Thejudgmentsofthetrialcourtareaffirmed.#X# XXX#X# XXX#    __#X# XXX# Ӭ#XXXX#    `     h     ___________________________________ B    `     h     ROBERTW.WEDEMEYER,JUDGE#X# XXXL#X# XXX# Ԁ#X# XXX# #