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"  Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourt Affirmed     # XҢk#XҢX. JoeG.Riley,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidG.HayesandRobertW. j _Wedemeyer_,JJ.,joined. P VictoriaL._DiBonaventura_,Paris,Tennessee,fortheappellant,MichaelJoseph_Spadafina_. l PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;J.RossDyer,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;G. 8 Robert_Radford_,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andBethC.Boswell,AssistantDistrictAttorney  General,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee.  ] OPINION # XXҢ# f!!   XҢX   In1995,thepetitionerwasconvictedoffirstdegreemurderandsentencedtolife X## imprisonment.Thiscourtaffirmedhisconviction.SeeStatev.Spadafina,952S.W.2d444(Tenn. >$$ Crim.App.1996),perm.toapp.denied(Tenn.1997).Thepetitionerthenfiledapetitionforpost $%t % convictionrelief,whichwasdenied;thedenialwasaffirmedonappeal.SeeSpadafinav.State,77  &Z!& S.W.3d198(Tenn.Crim.App.2000).OnMay16,2001,thepetitionerfileda MotionforNew &@"' TrialallegingtherewasnewlydiscoveredevidenceshowingVitoLicari,acodefendantwho '&#( testifiedagainstthepetitioner,hadrecantedhistrialtestimony.Thetrialcourttreatedthemotion ( $) asawritoferrorcoramnobis.Followinganevidentiaryhearing,thetrialcourtfoundnogrounds )$* forreliefanddeniedthepetitionersmotion. *%+  :-(. @  I.FACTSPRESENTEDTOTHEJURY    Thefollowingfactsaresetoutinthiscourtsopiniononthedirectappealofthepetitioners | conviction: b 8  8`    OnDecember15,1994,achildlookingouthisschoolbus . ~ windowdiscoveredabodylyingatopanembankmentalongMt.  d CarmelRoadinBentonCounty.Policeandmedicalpersonnel  J arrivedshortlythereafterandfoundamanlyingfacedownwithhis  0 armsstretchedabovehishead.Hisneckhadbeenalmostcompletely    severed.AhotelkeytoaroomatWismerMotelwastheonlyitem    inthevictimspockets. ` x` x 8  8`    BentonCountySheriffBobbyShannonandanotherofficer ^  wenttothemotelandspoketoBrendaBurnswhoidentifiedthekey D  asbelongingtoherexhusband,PaulBurns.Ms.Burnsgavethe *z  officersadescriptionofherexhusband,andfromthedescription,the ` officersdeterminedthattheunidentifiedbodywaslikelyPaulBurns. F Ms.Burnstoldtheofficersthatshehadlastseenthevictimwiththe , defendantandVitoLicari.` x` x 8  8`    Shortlythereafter,thesheriffsofficepickedupLicariwho  waswalkingalongMt.CarmelRoadcarryingalargesuitcase.When t questionedaboutthedefendantswhereabouts,Licaritoldofficers Z thatthedefendantwastakinganemploymenttestinnearby @ HumphreysCounty.Thedefendantwaslocatedandtakeninto &v custodyafewhourslater.Both_Licari_Ԁandthedefendantwerethen  \ questionedaboutthedeathofthevictim.B` x` x 8  8`    Inhisfirststatementtothepolice,Licarideniedknowing  anythingaboutthemurder.Inthedefendantsfirststatementtothe  police,hesaidthathe,Licariandthevictimhadbeeninthevictims   motelroomwhenLicaribeganaskingthevictimformoney.He p!  furtherstatedthatLicarihadthensuggestedthathe(Licari)andthe V"! victimtakearideandthatthetwothenleftwhilethedefendanthad <#" stayedintheroom.Accordingtothedefendant,Licarireturnedalone "$r# ashorttimelaterandrefusedtosaywhathadhappenedtothevictim.%X $` x` x 8  8`    Uponobtainingthedefendantsinitialstatement,theofficers &$"& placedhiminthesameroomas_Licari_Ԁandaskedthedefendantto ' #' repeathisversionoftheevents.Afterdoingso,boththedefendant (#( andLicariaskedtomakenewstatements.Thetwowerethen )$) separatedandLicarithenclaimedthatheandthedefendanttogether l*%* hadmurderedthevictim.Thedefendantsnewstatementwasthathe R+&+ hadbeeninthecaratthetimethevictimwaskilledbutthathehad 8,', knownnothingabout_Licari_sintentiontokillthevictimnorhadhe  aidedLicariindoingso.` x` x 8  8`    Thegrandjurysubsequentlyindictedthedefendantand_Licari_ b forfirstdegreemurder._Licari_Ԁpledguiltytofirstdegreemurderin H exchangefortheStatesagreementtoasentenceoflife . ~ imprisonment. d` x` x 8  8`    Attrial,thedefendanttestifiedthatheandthevictimhad  0 knowneachotherforsomeyearswhilethetwolivedinNewYork.    Thevictim,uponbeingrelocatedundertheFederalWitness    ProtectionProgram,askedthedefendanttojoinhiminTennessee.   Thedefendant,hisgirlfriend,andherchildrenmovedtoTennessee x  inthesummerof1994,andinAugust,thevictimbeganlivingwith ^  them.InOctober,afterbeinginvitedbythedefendant,Licarileft D  NewYorkandmovedinwiththedefendantandtheothers._Licari_ *z  andthedefendanthadmetwhileincarceratedintheNewYorkstate ` penitentiary.F` x` x 8  8`    _Licari_ԀtestifiedthatsometimeinDecemberheandthe  defendanthadmetwithBrendaBurnstodiscusskillingthevictim,  Ms.Burnsexhusband._Licari_ԀallegedthatMs.Burnshadhatedthe  victimanddidnotwanttopayhimfiftythousanddollars($50,000) t sheowedhimasaresultoftheirdivorcesettlement.Accordingto Z Licari,Ms.BurnshadofferedtopayLicariandthedefendantatotal @ oftenthousanddollars($10,000)iftheywouldkillthevictim.The &v planwasthatMs.Burnsmakeaninitialpaymentpriortothekilling  \ andthenfollowwithaninstallmentpaymentofeighthundreddollars B ($800)permonth._Licari_Ԁtestifiedthatheandthedefendanthad ( agreedtomurderthevictimbutthatthedefendanthadwantedto  collectsomemoneyowedhimbythevictimbeforecommittingthe  murder. ` x` x 8  8`    _Licari_Ԁtestifiedthatinthefallof1994,thedefendanthad V"! intentionallysetfiretothevictimshousesothatthevictimcould <#" collecttheinsuranceproceeds.Inexchangeforcommittingthe "$r# arson,thedefendantwastoreceivefivethousanddollars($5,000) %X $ fromthevictim.AccordingtoLicari,thedefendanthadreceiveda %>!% portionofthemoneybutthatthevictimstillowedhimabouttwo &$"& thousandthreehundreddollars($2,300).' #'` x` x 8  8`    _Licari_Ԁtestifiedthatonthedayofthemurder,hehaddriven )$) thevictimtoHenryCountytoappearincourtonchargesstemming l*%* froma checkkitingschemeinwhichLicarisaidhe,thedefendant R+&+ andthevictimwereinvolved.Whileheandthevictimwereincourt, 8,', thedefendantandMs.Burnshadpickedupthreeinsurancechecks  thatwereissuedtothevictimasaresultofthefire._Licari_Ԁtestified  thatthethreemenhadmetbackinthevictimsmotelroomwherethe | defendanthadgiventhevictimtwoofthethreechecks._Licari_ b testifiedthatthedefendanthadtoldthevictimthatthethirdcheck, H whichwasforfivethousanddollars($5,000),wouldhavetobe . ~ pickedupthenextday.Actually,thedefendantandMs.Burns  d alreadyhadpossessionofthethirdcheck. J` x` x 8  8`    Fromthetwochecks,thevictimpaidthedefendantthe    balanceowedfortheallegedarson.Asforthethirdcheck,Licari    saidthedefendantandMs.Burnshadforgedthevictimssignature   andcashedit.Fromthisfivethousanddollars($5,000),Ms.Burns x  paidthedefendantonethousandfivehundreddollars($1,500)tobe ^  sharedwithLicariasadownpaymentonthemurder._Licari_Ԁreceived D  hissharelaterthatsameday.Atthatpoint,Licaritestifiedthatthe *z  defendanthaddecidedtheymustkillthevictimthatnightbecauseif ` theydidnot,hewouldstartaskingaboutthethirdcheck._Licari_Ԁand F thedefendantdecidedtokillthevictimwhiletheywereallinthe , defendantscarafterthedefendantgavethesignal, Nowwouldbe  agoodtime.` x` x 8      8  8`    Onthenightofthemurder,thethreemenhaddinnertogether, t droppedsomefoodoffatthedefendantshouse,andthendrovedown Z Mt.CarmelRoadinthedefendantsstationwagon.Whenthe @ defendantgavethesignal,Licari,whowasinthebackseat,reached &v aroundthepassengerseatandtriedtochokethevictimwitha  \ clothesline._Licari_Ԁtestifiedthatwhenhehadbegunthisattempt,the B defendantpulledthecaroffthesideoftheroad._Licari_Ԁwas ( unsuccessfulathisattempttochokethevictimbecausethe  clotheslinewasinthevictimsmouthratherthanaroundhisneck.  AccordingtoLicari,thedefendantgotoutofthecar,camearoundto   thedriversside,andslashedthevictimsthroattwoorthreetimes p!  withaknife._Licari_Ԁfurthertestifiedthatheandthedefendanthad V"! thendraggedthevictimsbodytothetopofanembankmentandleft <#" itthere.Thepairthenwenttoanearbycarwashandsprayedthe "$r# insideofthecarwithwaterinanefforttoremovetheblood.They %X $ alsowashedthebloodfromtheirshoesandfromtheknife._Licari_ %>!% thentossedtheknifebehindthecarwash.AccordingtoLicari,the &$"& twohadthenreturnedtoWismerMotelwhereMs.Burnswashed ' #' theirclothes.(#(` x` x 8  8`    _Licari_Ԁandthedefendantthenreturnedtothedefendants l*%* housewhereLicaritoldthedefendantsgirlfriendthata problem R+&+ hadbeeneliminated._Licari_Ԁdidnotsaythatthevictimhadbeen 8,', murdered,buthedidtellthegirlfriendthatthedefendanthadnot  beeninvolvedineliminatingthesocalledproblem.` x` x 8  8`    OnDecember15,1994,Licariandthedefendantwentto b HenryCountyforanotherofthevictimsscheduledcourtdates. H Whenthevictimsattorneyquestionedthemastothevictims . ~ whereabouts,thedefendantsaidhedidnotknowwherethevictim  d wasandindicatedthatthevictimmayhaverun.Laterthatsameday,  J Licariandthedefendantwereseparatelypickedupforquestioning  0 andweresubsequentlychargedwiththemurderofPaulBurns.  ` x` x 8  8`    Thedefendantsversionoftheeventsisquitedifferent.At   trial,hetestifiedthatonthedayofthemurderheandMs.Burnshad x  pickeduptheinsurancechecksbutthattheyhaddonesowiththe ^  victimspermission.Hefurthertestifiedthathehadgivenallthree D  checkstothevictimandhadthentakenthevictimtothebanksothat *z  thevictimcouldpaysomeoutstandingdebt.Thedefendanttestified ` thatthevictimhadgivenhimtwothousandtwohundreddollars F ($2,200)togotowardadownpaymentonthedefendantshouse,not , aspayforanarsonjobasLicarihadtestifiedearlier.Asforthethird  check,thedefendanttestifiedthatthevictimhadaskedMs.Burnsto  signhisnametothecheckandthenhadaskedthatMs.Burnsandthe  defendantpaythreethousandfivehundreddollars($3,500)ofthe t fivethousanddollar($5,000)checkonsomeotherbanknotes.The Z pairdidastheywereaskedandthenreturnedtothehotelwiththe @ remainingonethousandfivehundreddollars($1,500).The &v defendanttestifiedthatthevictimhadthengiventhatmoneytoMs.  \ Burns.B` x` x 8      8  8`    Accordingtothedefendant,he,thevictimandLicariwere  laterthateveningridinginthedefendantscaronMt.CarmelRoad.  Thedefendanttestifiedthathehadsuddenlyheardthevictimgagging   intheseatnexttohim,andwhenheturned,hesawLicarichoking p!  thevictimwithapieceofcord.Thedefendantclaimedthathetried V"! toreachforthecordandasaresult,ranhiscaroffthesideofthe <#" road.ThedefendanttestifiedthatLicarihadthenthreatenedhimwith "$r# aknifeanddemandedthathestopthecar.Hefurthertestifiedthat %X $ hestoppedthecar,gotout,andbegantoleavethescenewhenLicari %>!% orderedthathereturn.Whenthedefendantdidso,hesawthevictim &$"& falloutofthecar.ThedefendanttestifiedthatLicarihadthreatened ' #' tokillhimifheleftandthatLicarithenpulledthevictimsbodyto (#( thetopoftheembankment.)$)` x` x 8  8`    ThedefendanttestifiedthatheandLicarihadgonetothe R+&+ carwashandthattheyhadreturnedtotheWismerMotelthatnight, 8,', butclaimedthattheyhadnotseenMs.Burns.Hefurthertestified  thatheandLicarihadreturnedtotheirhomeandspentthenight  despitethefactthatLicarihadcontinuedtomakethreatstokillthe | defendant.Overthenextfewdays,thedefendanttestifiedthatLicari b hadalwaysbeenbyhisside.Hefurthertestifiedthathehadbeenin H fearforhisandhisfamilyssafetyandthatbecauseofthisfearhe . ~ hadbeenunabletotellthepolicethatLicarihadkilledthevictim. d` x` x Spadafina,952S.W.2dat44749.  0 @[[  II.PROOFATHEARING      Atthehearing,thepetitionerpresentedthetestimonyofJamesBennett,acorrectional ^  officer,whotestifiedhehadservedasVito_Licaris_Ԁprisoncounselor.BennettstatedLicari,who D  sufferedfromAIDS,stoppedtakinghismedicationand,asaresult,diedapproximatelysixmonths *z  later.AccordingtoBennett,afterLicaristoppedtakinghismedication,heapproachedBennett,told ` Bennetthewantedto cleartherecord,andrecountedthemurderofPaulBurns.Bennettsaid F Licaritoldhimhehadcutthevictimsthroat,andthepetitionerhadnoideathemurderwasgoing , tooccur.BennetttestifiedLicaristatedthepetitionerhelpedhimdisposeofthebody.Bennett  statedLicariindicatedhehadbeenuntruthfulinhisstatementstolawenforcementandinhis  testimonyattrial.Bennettsaidhereportedthisinformationtohissupervisorandthewarden.    BennettindicatedtheconversationwithLicarioccurredonoraboutMarch4,1999.Bennett @ testifiedhelatermetthepetitionerand,inapproximatelyAugustorSeptember2000,apprisedhim &v ofhispriorconversationwithLicari.Thepetitionerwasunawareofthisconversationpriortobeing  \ toldbyBennett. B   TerryLeonard,theattorneywhorepresentedthepetitionerduringtrial,testifiedthatafter  thetrial,helearnedofaletterpurportedlywrittenby_Licari_ԀtothepetitionerinwhichLicariadmitted  heliedduringthetrial.LeonardstatedhevisitedLicariinprisonandshowedhimacopyofthe   letter.AccordingtoLeonard,Licarirespondedwithlaughteranddeniedwritingtheletter.Leonard p!  acknowledgedhepresentedthetestimonyofthreewitnessesattrialwhotestifiedLicarisaidthe V"! petitionerhadnothingtodowiththemurder. <#"   Thejudge,whopresidedatpetitionerstrialandatthehearing,questionedwhether_Licari_, %X $ hadhebeenalive,wouldhavetestifiedinaccordancewiththestatementshemadetoJamesBennett. %>!% Thetrialcourtalsostatedontherecordthatthepetitionersowntestimonyattrialwasfarmore &$"& damagingtothepetitionerthanLicaristestimony.Findingnobasisforrelief,thetrialcourtdenied ' #' thepetitionersmotion. (#( @   III.WRITOFERRORCORAMNOBIS  R+&+  8,',   Trialcourtsmaygrantacriminaldefendantanewtrialfollowingajudgmentofconviction  underlimitedcircumstancesthroughtheextraordinaryremedyofferedbyawritoferrorcoram  nobis.Tenn.CodeAnn.4026105.;Statev.Mixon,983S.W.2d661,666(Tenn.1999).Awrit | oferrorcoramnobismaybegrantedwherethedefendantestablishestheexistenceofnewly b discoveredevidencerelatingtomatterslitigatedattrialifthedefendantshowshewaswithoutfault H infailingtopresenttheevidenceatthepropertime,andifthejudgedeterminestheevidencemay . ~ haveresultedinadifferentjudgmenthaditbeenpresentedtothejury.Tenn.CodeAnn.4026  d 105;Mixon,983S.W.2dat668.  J  A.StatuteofLimitations       Awritoferrorcoramnobismustbefiledwithinoneyearafterthejudgmentbecomesfinal   inthetrialcourt,whichisthirtydaysafterjudgmentisenteredor,ifaposttrialmotionisfiled,upon x  entryofanorderdisposingoftheposttrialmotion.Tenn.CodeAnn.277103;Mixon,983 ^  S.W.2dat670. D    Intheinstantcase,thereisnoquestionthatpetitionersmotion,filedapproximatelyfive ` yearsafterjudgmentwasfinalinthetrialcourt,wasclearlyoutsidethestatuteoflimitations. F However,ourstatesappellatecourtshavehelddueprocessmayrequirethatthestatuteof , limitationsforfilingapetitionforwritoferrorcoramnobisbetolled.SeeWorkmanv.State,41  S.W.3d100,103(Tenn.2001)(holdingdueprocessrequiredtollingofthestatuteoflimitations  where Workmansinterestinobtainingahearingtopresentnewlydiscoveredevidencethatmay  establishactualinnocenceofacapitaloffensefaroutweighsanygovernmentalinterestinpreventing t thelitigationofstaleclaims);Statev.Ratliff,71S.W.3d291,298(Tenn.Crim.App.2001) Z (holdingdueprocessrequiredtollingofthestatuteoflimitationswherethepetitionwasfiled @ fourteendayslateandthe greatweightoftheevidenceagainst[thepetitioner]camefromthe &v victim,whorecantedhertestimony).Whilewequestionwhetherdueprocessrequiresthestatute  \ oflimitationsbetolledforfiveyearsintheinstantcase,wenotethestatedidnotraisethestatute B oflimitationsasadefenseinthetrialcourt.Further,thetrialcourtconductedanevidentiary ( hearingonthepetitionersmotion.Becauseourreviewoftherecordbringsustothedetermination  thatthetrialcourtdidnoterrindismissingthepetitionersclaimforreliefonthemerits,wewillnot  baseourdispositiononthestatuteoflimitations.    B.WritofErrorCoramNobisforRecantation  <#"   Awitnesssrecantationofhispriortrialtestimonymaybenewlydiscoveredevidence. %X $ _Mixon_,983S.W.2dat672.Beforegrantinganewtrialonthebasisofnewlydiscoveredrecanted %>!% testimony,thetrialcourtmustfind:(1)itisreasonablywellsatisfiedthatthetestimonygivenbythe &$"& materialwitnesswasfalseandthenewtestimonyistrue;(2)thedefendantwasreasonablydiligent ' #' indiscoveringthenewevidence,orwassurprisedbythefalsetestimony,orwasunabletoknowof (#( thefalsityofthetestimonyuntilafterthetrial;and(3)thejurymighthavereachedadifferent )$) conclusionhadthetruthbeentold.Ratliff,71S.W.3dat298(citingMixon,983S.W.2dat673 l*%* n.17). R+&+  8,',   Itlieswithinthesounddiscretionofthetrialcourttograntordenyapetitionforwritoferror  coramnobisbaseduponnewlydiscoveredevidence.Statev.Hart,911S.W.2d371,375(Tenn.  Crim.App.1995).Thiscourtwillnotoverturnthetrialcourtsdecisiontodenyawritoferror | coram_nobis_Ԁabsentashowingthatthetrialcourtabuseditsdiscretion. b   Giventhat_Vito_Ԁ_Licari_Ԁisnowdeceased,thiscasedoesnotinvolvetheusualscenarioin . ~ whichaprosecutionwitnessrecantshisorhertrialtestimony.Insteadofbeingabletopresentthe  d witnesssrecantedtestimony,thepetitionerwasforcedtopresentthetestimonyofJamesBennett,  J towhomLicarimadehisallegedrecantation.Nevertheless,weconcludethatbeforethetrialcourt  0 couldhavegrantedthepetitionersrequestforcoram_nobis_Ԁrelief,it:(1)musthavebeenreasonably    satisfiedthat_Vito_Ԁ_Licari_stestimonyattrialwasfalseandhis recantationtoJamesBennettwas    true;(2)foundthepetitionerwasreasonablydiligentindiscoveringthenewevidence,orwas   surprisedbythefalsetestimony,orwasunabletoknowofthefalsityofthetestimonyuntilafterthe x  trial;and(3)foundthejurymighthavereachedadifferentconclusionhadthetruthbeentold.See ^  Ratliff,71S.W.3dat298. D    First,thetrialcourtimplicitlyfound_Licari_sstatementstoBennettlackedcredibility.The ` factspresentedattrialindicateLicarimadeinconsistentstatementsaboutthemurdertolaw F enforcement.SeeSpadafina,952S.W.2dat447.TrialcounselTerryLeonardtestifiedatthe , hearingthathepresentedthetestimonyofthreewitnesseswhosaidLicarimadestatementswhich  wereinconsistentwithhistrialtestimony.LeonardfurthertestifiedthatwhenheconfrontedLicari  withtheletterinwhichLicaripurportedlyadmittedlyingattrial,Licarilaughedanddeniedmaking  anysuchadmission. t   Second,theproofsupportsthetrialcourtsconclusionthatthestatementsmadeby_Licari_Ԁto @ Bennettwouldhavehadnoimpactontheoutcomeofthetrial.Thejudgewhopresidedatthe &v hearingwaspresentduringthetrial.Hehadtheuniqueopportunitytoviewtheevidencepresented  \ tothejury,whichincludedthetestimonyofLicariandthepetitioner,andevaluatewhetherthe B evidencepresentedatthehearingwouldhavemadeadifference.Weyieldtothetrialcourts ( observationthatitwasthepetitionersowntestimonyattrialwhichleftthejury aghastand  weighedmoreheavilyagainsthimthanthetestimonyof_Licari_.Wealsonotethatthreewitnesses  attrialindeedtestifiedthatLicaripreviouslysaidthepetitionerhadnothingtodowiththemurder.     Thetrialcourtwasjustifiedindenyingreliefforthesereasons. V"! @q q  III.ADMISSIBILITYOFEVIDENCE  %X $   Further,wenotetheevidenceofVitoLicarisrecantationofhistrialtestimonywas,by &$"& necessity,presentedthroughthetestimonyofJamesBennett.Clearly,Bennettstestimony ' #' regardingLicarisstatementswashearsay.SeeTenn.R.Evid.801(c).Therefore,beforeBennetts (#( testimonycouldbepresentedatanewtrial,itmustbefoundadmissibleunderahearsayexception. )$) SeeTenn.R.Evid.802.AlthoughthepetitionerarguesLicarisstatementstoBennettqualifyasa l*%* dyingdeclaration,wewouldnotethatthisexceptiontothehearsayruleappliesonlytostatements R+&+ madebyahomicidevictimwhobelieveshisdeathisimminentandthatconcernthecauseor 8,', circumstancesofhisimpendingdeath.Tenn.R.Evid.804(b)(2).Therefore,_Licari_sstatementsdo  notmeetthedyingdeclarationexceptiontothehearsayrule.    ThepetitionerarguesthattheevidencequalifiesasastatementagainstLicarisinterest b becauseitwasanadmissionofperjury.SeeTenn.R.Evid.804(b)(3).However,itisquestionable H thatapersonwithaterminalillnessservingalifesentencewouldfearhisallegedrecantationcould . ~ leadtosignificantcriminalliabilitysoastoqualifyunderthishearsayexception.  d   Weconclude,underthecircumstancesofthiscase,thenewlydiscoveredevidencewould  0 nothavebeenadmissibleatanewtrial.Thus,itcouldnotgiverisetocoramnobisrelief.    @44  CONCLUSION  x  ЀOXҢXXXҢԀ#XҢXXOXҢ#OXҢXXXҢԀ ^    Accordingly,wemustconcludethetrialcourtdidnotabuseitsdiscretionindenyingthe D  petitionerswritoferrorcoramnobis.Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. x #XҢXXOXҢj#  *z     `     h     ____________________________________     `     h     JOEG.RILEY,JUDGE