ÿWPC0 4# èUNó %A 0(Gbow@w4·Ë 0DÚ 0ÐU@î AQ.U: 0J¹ 0T 0^W 0hµ 0r 0| 0† 0‘ 1u! 0d– Bú Æ 0DÝ 0@! 0Da D/¥ BÔ D3ñ U>$ U *b B)Œ DCµ AMø 0EFu$»v~ßvÓ]˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- |}~UE€E‚„…Ó€‘n~<$3|x‘(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(‡!2σ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X§¶XXXÔÔ€ôáôXX§¶ÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó*Ͼ¦ `(CG TimesScalable !"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d,,,,7Border 1dd "-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ!"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€+ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔÌÌò òJuly€1,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€+ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó <Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€+ÔÔ€+ôÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€At€trial,€however,€Appellant€testified€that€he€stayed€only€one€night€at€the€Taylor€residence.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€+ÔÔ€+ôÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€At€trial,€Mr.€Barnhill's€first€name€is€said€to€be€"Marcan."ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€*ŠÔÔ€+ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€F,XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€ ÙßR€./-A1-j|?ç` Å `€€@ÿRßÌAT€JACKSONÌÌMARCH€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9705„CC„00170Ìà àà àà àà àà àó ó)Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àCARROLL€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€C.€CREED€MCGINLEYó óÌò òANTWAIN€LAMAN€SPEARS,ó óà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à à(Direct€Appeal)Ìó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌRAYMOND€L.€IVEYà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌP.€O.€Box€229à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌHuntingdon,€TN€€38344à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àELIZABETH€T.€RYANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àROBERT€RADFORDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àELEANOR€CAHILLÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€686Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHuntingdon,€TN€€38344ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÇÓ  Óò òòòÔ€+„ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€+ŠÔÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓÑ7€ Nµ XXdðXXdì7Ñà àAppellant€Antwain€Laman€Spears€was€indicted€on€May€6,€1996€by€theÏCarroll€County€Grand€Jury€for€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver,Ïpossession€of€marijuana€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver,€and€possession€ofÏunlawful€drug€paraphernalia.€€Concluding€that€Appellant€lacked€standing€toÏcontest€the€search€warrant,€on€June€25,€1996,€the€trial€court€denied€Appellant'sÏmotion€to€suppress€the€evidence€seized€pursuant€to€a€search€warrant,€whichÏhad€been€executed€at€the€residence€of€Margo€Taylor.€Moreover,€the€courtÏdetermined€that€even€if€Appellant€had€standing,€the€search€warrant€appeared€toÏbe€valid€on€its€face.€€Appellant€was€convicted€on€September€16,€1996,€by€aÏjury€in€the€Carroll€County€Circuit€Court€of€possession€of€cocaine€and€marijuanaÏwith€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€and€possession€of€unlawful€drug€paraphernalia.€€TheÏjury€fined€Appellant€$15,000.00€for€cocaine€possession,€$2,500.00€for€marijuanaÏpossession,€and€$750.00€for€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€€As€a€Range€IIÏmultiple€offender,€Appellant€was€sentenced€to€concurrent€sentences€of€fifteenÏyears€incarceration€with€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction,€three€years,Ïand€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days,€respectively.€€The€trial€court€alsoÏrevoked€Appellant's€probation€resulting€from€a€prior€conviction.€€AppellantÏpresents€three€issues€for€our€consideration€on€this€direct€appeal:€€(1)€whether€theÏtrial€court€erred€in€concluding€that€Appellant€lacked€standing€to€challenge€theÏsearch€of€Margo€Taylor's€residence;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€improperly€deniedÍAppellant's€motion€to€suppress€the€evidence€seized€during€execution€of€theÏsearch€warrant;€and€(3)€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustainÏAppellant's€convictions€for€possession€of€cocaine€and€marijuana€with€intent€toÏsell€or€deliver€and€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.Ìà àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ àò òI.€€FACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óÌà àThe€proof€shows€that€on€February€23,€1996,€Deputy€Lester€McCalebÏexecuted€a€search€warrant€at€42€Cherry€Blossom€Drive,€a€duplex€inÏHuntingdon,€Carroll€County.€€At€this€time,€Ms.€Margo€Taylor€leased€the€duplex.€ÏThe€search€warrant€was€for€cocaine€and€drug€paraphernalia€seen€in€theÏresidence€by€a€confidential€informant.Ìà àAt€the€suppression€hearing,€Appellant€testified€that€he€did€not€reside€atÏthe€Cherry€Blossom€Drive€address.€€He€stated€that€he€had€purchased€aÏbedroom€suite€and€needed€a€place€to€store€it€until€he€obtained€a€place€to€rent.€ÏAppellant€also€stored€some€of€his€clothing€at€Ms.€Taylor's€residence,€as€he€wasÏin€the€process€of€moving€from€one€place€to€another.€€At€the€suppression€hearing,ÏAppellant€testified€that€he€spent€only€two€consecutive€nights× ƒ0 ××  ×€at€the€TaylorÏresidence.€€Moreover,€he€stated€that€he€never€signed€either€a€lease€or€a€rentalÍagreement.€€Finally,€Appellant€admitted€that€although€the€bedroom€door€had€aÏprivacy€lock,€he€never€used€it.Ìà àMs.€Margo€Taylor€testified€at€the€suppression€hearing€that€she€signed€theÏlease€to€the€duplex€with€Marshanna× ƒ1 ××  ×€Barnhill.€€However,€Mr.€Barnhill€vacatedÏthe€premises€around€the€middle€of€January€1996.€€In€the€middle€of€February,ÏAppellant€moved€his€clothes€and€bedroom€suite€into€the€duplex.€€Ms.€TaylorÏtestified€that€Appellant€kept€his€belongings€at€her€residence€only€with€herÏpermission.Ìà àAt€Appellant's€trial,€Deputy€Lester€McCaleb€testified€that€no€one€was€atÏhome€when€he€arrived€to€execute€the€search€warrant.€€Approximately€thirtyÏminutes€later,€however,€Mr.€Harold€Miller,€the€landlord,€arrived.€€After€procuring€aÏkey€to€the€front€door,€Mr.€Miller€authorized€Deputy€McCaleb€and€SergeantÏRandal€Dunn€to€enter€the€duplex.€€During€Mr.€Miller's€absence,€AppellantÏapproached€the€area.€€Deputy€McCaleb€testified€that€Appellant€seemedÏnervous€and€also€appeared€to€Deputy€McCaleb€as€though€he€was€attemptingÏto€avoid€the€officers.€€Deputy€McCaleb€then€served€Appellant€with€the€searchÏwarrant.Ìà àSergeant€Dunn€testified€that€once€inside,€he€and€his€drug€dog€proceededÏto€search€the€home.€€The€dog€alerted€on€the€rear€bedroom.€€The€door€to€theÏbedroom€was€locked€from€the€inside,€and€Mr.€Miller€opened€it€by€using€a€coatÍhanger.€€Upon€entering€the€room,€the€dog€indicated€on€Appellant's€dresser€andÏthe€headboard€of€his€waterbed.Ìà àDeputy€McCaleb€searched€the€room€and€found€inside€a€dresser€a€box€ofÏplastic€baggies€and€a€cigar€box€containing€a€pack€of€rolling€papers.€ÏAdditionally,€McCaleb's€search€revealed€a€brown€paper€bag€located€under€aÏbaseball€cap€which€sat€on€the€headboard€of€the€bed.€€Inside€the€bag,€DeputyÏMcCaleb€discovered€two€loose€bags€of€crack€cocaine,€a€film€canister€containingÏone€small€bag€of€crack€cocaine,€and€two€bags€of€marijuana.Ìà àSandra€Romanek,€a€special€agent€forensic€scientist€with€the€TennesseeÏBureau€of€Investigation,€tested€the€items€found€both€in€the€dresser€and€on€theÏheadboard.€€Her€analysis€disclosed€the€items€to€be€13.9€grams€of€cocaine€baseÏand€27.4€grams€of€marijuana.Ìà àMargo€Taylor€testified€that€she€and€Marcan€Barnhill€rented€the€duplex€fromÏHarold€and€Barbara€Miller.€€Barnhill€and€Ms.€Taylor€lived€together€until€the€middleÏof€January€1996.€€During€the€middle€of€February,€Appellant€moved€someÏfurniture€and€clothes€into€the€room€formerly€occupied€by€Mr.€Barnhill.€€Some€of€Mr.ÏBarnhill's€clothes€remained€in€the€bedroom€closet€even€after€he€had€left.€ÏAccording€to€Ms.€Taylor's€testimony,€Appellant€spent€only€one€and€one„halfÏnights€in€the€duplex,€had€no€key,€and€paid€no€rent.Ìà àTracy€Willis,€Appellant's€former€girlfriend,€testified€that€Appellant€residedÏwith€her€from€December€1995€until€April€1996.€€Willis€stated€that€AppellantÍmaintained€all€of€his€personal€items,€i.e.,€furniture,€clothes,€shoes,€and€toiletries,€atÏher€house.€€Willis€was€aware€that€Appellant€had€purchased€a€bedroom€suiteÏand€that€he€had€stored€it€at€Ms.€Taylor's€house.Ìà àAt€his€trial,€Appellant€testified€that€he€was€living€with€Ms.€Willis€at€the€timeÏthe€search€warrant€was€executed.€€He€explained€that€he€stored€his€recentlyÏpurchased€bedroom€suite€at€Ms.€Taylor's€residence€because€he€had€no€roomÏfor€it€at€Ms.€Willis'€home€and€was€attempting€to€locate€a€place€for€himself€andÏhis€daughter.€€Appellant€disclaimed€any€knowledge€of€the€drugs€that€were€foundÏon€the€dresser€and€headboard€but€admitted€that€some€of€the€baseball€capsÏfound€on€the€headboard€belonged€to€him.€€Appellant€confirmed€that€he€neitherÏpossessed€a€key€to€the€duplex€nor€paid€rent€to€Ms.€Taylor.ÌÌà@ àò òII.€€STANDINGó óÌà àAppellant's€first€contention€on€this€direct€appeal€is€that€the€trial€courtÏerroneously€concluded€that€he€lacked€standing€to€challenge€the€search€of€MargoÏTaylor's€residence.€€We€disagree.Ìà àThe€Fourth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€provides,€"TheÏrights€of€the€people€to€be€secure€in€their€persons,€houses,€papers,€and€effects,Ïagainst€unreasonable€searches€and€seizures,€shall€not€be€violated,€and€noÏwarrants€shall€issue,€but€upon€probable€cause.€.€.€."€€U.S.€Const.€amend€4.€ÏSimilarly,€Article€I,€ðð€7€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€guarantees,€"That€theÍpeople€shall€be€secure€in€their€persons,€houses,€papers€and€possessions,€fromÏunreasonable€searches€and€seizures.€.€.€."€€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€7.Ìà àThe€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€on€a€motion€to€suppress€are€conclusive€onÏappeal€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€them.€€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€806ÏS.W.2d€205,€208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990);€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€615€S.W.2d€161,€162Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€It€is€axiomatic€that€"One€who€challenges€theÏreasonableness€of€a€search€or€seizure€has€the€initial€burden€of€establishing€aÏlegitimate€expectation€of€privacy€in€the€place€where€property€is€searched."€ÏòòState€v.€Oodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€560€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)€(citing€òòRawlingsÏv.€Kentuckyóó,€448€U.S.€98,€100€S.Ct.€2556,€65€L.Ed.2d€633€(1980)).€€This€CourtÏhas€held€that€an€individual€may€have€a€legitimate€expectation€of€privacy€evenÏwhere€the€property€belonged€to€another.€€òòOodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€560;€òòState€v.ÏTurnbillóó,€640€S.W.2d€40,€45€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).Ìà àIn€òòUnited€States€v.€Haydelóó,€the€United€States€Court€of€Appeals€for€theÏFifth€Circuit€articulated€a€seven„factor€analysis€applicable€to€the€standing€inquiry.€Ï649€F.2d€1152€(5th€Cir.€1981).€€This€Court€has€adopted€and€employed€theÏòòHaydelóó€factors€in€numerous€cases.€€òòSee,€e.g.,€Oodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€560;ÏòòWoodsóó,€806€S.W.2d€205,€208;€òòTurnbillóó,€640€S.W.2d€40,€46.Ìà àWe€now€address€ourselves€to€the€task€of€applying€the€seven€factorsÏenunciated€in€the€òòHaydelóó€decision€to€the€case€at€bar.€€These€seven€òòHaydelóóÏfactors€are€the€following:€€(1)€property€ownership;€(2)€whether€the€defendant€hasÍa€possessory€interest€in€the€property€seized;€(3)€whether€the€defendant€has€aÏpossessory€interest€in€the€place€searched;€(4)€whether€the€defendant€has€"aÏright€to€exclude€others€from€that€place";€(5)€whether€the€defendant€has€"exhibitedÏa€subjective€expectation€that€it€would€remain€free€from€governmental€invasion";Ï(6)€whether€the€defendant€"took€normal€precautions€to€maintain€his€privacy";€andÏ(7)€whether€the€defendant€was€"legitimately€on€the€premises."€€òòHaydelóó,€649€F.2dÏ1152,€1154„55.€€First,€Harold€Miller,€not€Appellant,€owned€the€duplex€located€atÏ42€Cherry€Blossom€Drive.€€Second,€Appellant€disclaimed€any€knowledge€of€theÏmarijuana€and€cocaine€that€were€found€in€the€bedroom€on€the€headboard.ÏAppellant€denied€having€a€possessory€interest€in€the€€baseball€caps€whichÏconcealed€the€drugs.€€However,€Appellant€admitted€owning€two€of€the€hats€onÏthe€headboard.€€Third,€Appellant€had€no€possessory€interest€in€the€placeÏsearched.€€At€the€suppression€hearing,€Appellant€admitted€that€he€never€signedÏa€lease.€€At€trial,€Appellant€testified€that€he€paid€no€rent€to€Ms.€Taylor€for€the€useÏof€the€bedroom€and€that€she€did€not€give€him€a€key€to€the€residence.€€Fourth,ÏAppellant€confirmed€that€he€did€not€reside€at€the€Cherry€Blossom€address€whenÏthe€search€warrant€was€executed.€€Moreover,€Ms.€Taylor€testified€at€theÏsuppression€hearing€that€Appellant€stored€his€possessions€in€the€bedroom€onlyÏwith€her€permission.€€As€Appellant€was€not€a€co„tenant€of€Ms.€Taylor's,€kept€hisÏpossessions€at€her€residence€only€by€her€permission,€and€spent€only€a€coupleÏof€nights€in€the€duplex,€it€seems€obvious€that€he€did€not€have€the€right€toÍexclude€others.€€Fifth,€Appellant€testified€at€the€suppression€hearing€that€heÏnever€locked€the€bedroom€door€in€which€his€possessions€were€stored.€€AlthoughÏthe€door€was€locked€when€the€police€arrived€to€search€the€residence,€AppellantÏstated€that€he€had€not€locked€it.€€Therefore,€Appellant€apparently€had€noÏsubjective€expectation€that€the€bedroom€would€remain€free€from€governmentalÏinvasion.€€Sixth,€Appellant€did€not€take€normal€precautions€to€maintain€hisÏprivacy,€such€as€ensuring€that€the€bedroom€door€remained€locked€in€hisÏabsence.€€As€previously€stated,€Appellant€testified€that€he€never€used€the€lockÏon€the€bedroom€door.€€Finally,€it€appears€that€Appellant€was€legitimately€on€theÏpremises€because€Ms.€Margo€Taylor€granted€him€permission€to€store€hisÏbelongings€in€the€bedroom.Ìà àIn€weighing€the€òòHaydelóó€factors,€we€conclude€that€it€is€fairly€obvious€thatÏAppellant€lacked€standing€to€challenge€the€validity€of€the€search.ÌÌà@ àò òIII.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€AFFIDAVIT€IN€SUPPORT€OF€SEARCHÏWARRANTó óÌà àAppellant€next€complains€that€in€the€affidavit€in€support€of€the€searchÏwarrant,€the€affiant€made€knowing€misrepresentations€of€fact.€€Specifically,ÏAppellant€alleges€that€the€affiant€made€an€intentional,€if€not€reckless,€statementÏto€establish€probable€cause€by€referring€to€the€premises€as€those€of€AppellantÏwhen€they€did€not€belong€to€him.€€We€disagree.Ìà àThe€affidavit€in€support€of€the€search€warrant€refers€to€the€premises€to€beÏsearched€as€those€of€Antwain€Spears.€€Appellant€contends€that€without€thisÏstatement,€probable€cause€would€not€have€existed.Ìà àThe€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€in€a€hearing€on€a€motion€to€suppress€areÏconclusive€on€appeal€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€them.€ÏòòTurnbillóó,€640€S.W.2d€40,€45„46.€€In€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€did€not€findÏ"any€false€statements€or€statements€that€were€made€with€reckless€disregardÏsuch€as€to€invalidate€the€search€in€question."€€The€court€also€concluded€that€theÏsearch€warrant€was€valid€both€in€the€issuance€and€in€the€execution.Ìà àTo€buttress€his€argument,€Appellant€relies€upon€Deputy€McCaleb's€trialÏtestimony€that€he€consulted€the€911€computer€listing€directory€for€Carroll€CountyÏwhich€showed€the€Cherry€Blossom€residence€to€be€under€the€name€of€Ms.ÏMargo€Taylor.€€However,€this€evidence€was€not€before€the€trial€court€at€theÏsuppression€hearing.Ìà àIn€òòState€v.€Littleóó,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€stated€that€"the€law€isÏsettled€that€a€fraudulent€misrepresentation€of€a€material€fact€will€invalidate€aÏsearch€warrant."€€560€S.W.2d€403,€406€(Tenn.€1978).€€An€affidavit€that€isÏsufficient€on€its€face€may€be€impeached€in€two€circumstances:€€"(1)€a€falseÏstatement€made€with€intent€to€deceive€the€Court,€whether€material€or€immaterialÏto€the€issue€of€probable€cause,€and€(2)€a€false€statement,€essential€to€theÍestablishment€of€probable€cause,€recklessly€made."€€òòId.óó€at€407.€€Neither€of€theseÏtwo€circumstances€is€present€in€the€instant€case.€€The€search€warrant€is€valid.ÌÌà@ àò òIV.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÌà àAppellant's€final€contention€is€that€because€the€evidence€in€this€case€wasÏentirely€circumstantial,€it€is€insufficient€to€sustain€his€convictions€for€possession€ofÏcocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver,€possession€of€marijuana€with€intent€to€sell€orÏdeliver,€and€possession€of€unlawful€drug€paraphernalia.€€We€disagree.Ìà àWe€begin€by€observing€that€Appellant€does€not€strengthen€his€argumentÏby€contending€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€because€it€is€circumstantial€inÏnature.€€Tennessee€law€permits€convictions€based€upon€circumstantialÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€900€(Tenn.€1987).€€Additionally,Ïboth€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence€were€presented€at€Appellant's€trial.Ìà àThis€Court€is€obliged€to€review€challenges€to€the€sufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence€according€to€certain€well„settled€principles.€€A€verdict€of€guiltyÏby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€State'sÏwitnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòStateÏv.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,Ï75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Although€an€accused€is€originally€cloaked€with€a€presumptionÏof€innocence,€a€jury€verdict€removes€this€presumption€and€replaces€it€with€one€ofÏguilt.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,Íthe€burden€of€proof€rests€with€Appellant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence.€€òòId.óó€€On€appeal,€"the€[S]tate€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom."€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571ÏS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€€Where€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏcontested€on€appeal,€the€relevant€question€for€the€reviewing€court€is€whetherÏany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€accused€guilty€of€every€element€ofÏthe€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75;€òòJackson€v.ÏVirginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€InÏconducting€our€evaluation€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€is€precluded€fromÏreweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929€S.W.2d€380,Ï383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1990).€€Moreover,€this€Court€may€not€substitute€its€own€inferencesÏ"for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence."€€òòMatthewsóó,Ï805€S.W.2d€776,€779.€€Finally,€òòTenn.€R.€App.€P.óó€13(e)€provides,€"Findings€of€guiltÏin€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt."€€òòSee€also€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€780.Ìà àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417€provides€in€pertinent€part:ÓÓÌÌà8 àà0 à(a)€It€is€an€offense€for€a€defendant€to€knowingly:Ìà8 àà0 à(4)€Possess€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€toÏmanufacture,€deliver€or€sell€such€controlled€substance.Ìà8 àà0 à(c)€A€violation€of€subsection€(a)€with€respect€to:Ìà8 àà0 à(1)€Cocaine€is€a€Class€B€felony€if€the€amount€involved€isÏpoint€five€(.5)€grams€or€more€of€any€substance€containingÏcocaine€and,€in€addition€thereto,€may€be€fined€not€more€thanÏone€hundred€thousand€dollars€($100,000).Ìà8 àà0 à(g)(1)€A€violation€of€subsection€(a)€with€respect€to€aÏSchedule€VI€controlled€substance€classified€as€marijuanaÏcontaining€not€less€than€one„half€(1/2)€ounce€(14.175€grams)Ïnor€more€than€ten€pounds€(10€lbs.)€(4535€grams)€ofÏmarijuana,€or€a€Schedule€VI€controlled€substance€defined€asÏa€non„leafy,€resinous€material€containingÏtetrahydrocannabinol€(hashish),€ÌÌÌà8 àà0 àcontaining€not€more€than€two€pounds€(2€lbs.)€(905€grams)€ofÏhashish€is€a€Class€E€felony€and,€in€addition€thereto,€may€beÏfined€not€more€than€five€thousand€dollars€($5,000).ÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417.ÓÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„419€permits€the€jury€to€infer€"from€the€amount€of€aÏcontrolled€substance€or€substances€possessed€by€an€offender,€along€with€otherÏrelevant€facts€surrounding€the€arrest,€that€the€controlled€substance€orÏsubstances€were€possessed€with€the€purpose€of€selling€or€otherwiseÏdispensing."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„419.ÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„425(a)(1)€provides:ÓÓÌÌà8 àà0 à(a)(1)€Except€when€used€or€possessed€with€the€intent€toÏuse€by€a€person€authorized€by€this€part€and€title€53,€chapterÏ11,€parts€3€and€4€to€dispense,€prescribe,€manufacture€orÏpossess€a€controlled€substance,€it€is€unlawful€for€anyÏperson€to€use,€or€to€possess€with€intent€to€use,€drugÏparaphernalia€to.€.€.€€pack.€.€.,€store.€.€.,€inhale,€or€otherwiseÏintroduce€into€the€human€body€a€controlled€substance€inÏviolation€of€this€part.ÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„425(a)(1).ÓÓÌThe€State€was€required€to€prove€each€and€every€element€of€the€chargedÏoffenses€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ìà àRespecting€Appellant's€convictions€for€possession€of€cocaine€andÏmarijuana€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver,€€the€drug€dog€indicated€on€Appellant'sÏdresser€and€on€the€headboard€of€his€waterbed.€€Deputy€McCaleb€testified€thatÏhe€found€crack€cocaine€and€marijuana€underneath€a€baseball€hat€which€lay€onÏthe€headboard€of€the€waterbed.€€Inside€a€brown€paper€bag€was€a€CrownÏRoyal€bag€containing€two€loose€bags€of€crack€cocaine€and€a€film€canister€withÏanother€small€bag€of€cocaine.€€Deputy€McCaleb€also€discovered€two€bags€ofÏmarijuana€inside€the€Crown€Royal€bag.€€Ìà àSandra€Romanek,€a€special€agent€forensic€scientist€with€the€TennesseeÏBureau€of€Investigation,€testified€that€she€performed€various€tests€on€the€itemsÏretrieved€in€the€search.€€Her€results€revealed€13.9€grams€of€cocaine€base€andÏ27.4€grams€of€marijuana.€€Ìà àThe€jury€obviously€concluded€that€Appellant€possessed€theseÏsubstances€and€intended€to€sell€or€otherwise€dispense€of€the€cocaine€andÏmarijuana€because€of€the€amounts€recovered.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„419Ïpermits€such€an€inference.€Ìà àFinally,€we€address€the€evidence€supporting€Appellant's€conviction€forÏpossession€of€unlawful€drug€paraphernalia€in€violation€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„17„425(a)(1).€€Deputy€McCaleb€testified€that€during€the€search€of€theÍbedroom,€he€found€a€pack€of€rolling€papers€inside€a€cigar€box.€€DeputyÏMcCaleb€found€a€box€of€plastic€baggies€in€Appellant's€dresser€drawers.€ÏDeputy€McCaleb€explained€that€both€rolling€papers€and€plastic€baggies€areÏused€to€package,€store,€and€inhale€controlled€substances.€€The€jury€properlyÏcould€infer€that€the€baggies€and€rolling€papers€belonged€to€Appellant,€as€theseÏitems€were€discovered€inside€his€dresser€in€a€bedroom€used€by€him€to€store€hisÏfurniture.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.à àà àà àà àà àÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò(See€below)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOE€B.€JONES,€€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àThe€Honorable€Joe€B.€Jones€died€May€1,€1998,€and€did€not€participate€inÏthis€Opinion.€€We€acknowledge€his€faithful€service€to€this€Court,€both€as€aÏmember€of€the€Court€and€as€its€Presiding€Judge.ÌÌÌÌ