ÿWPCn* «öxäŸá¿ ãgÏ€ƒô÷Eêmró eúÍÜB:ç nV45ñÆ><¥vžÁŸ"yO®BKg|Ó·Õ†" Mîn; °wŠÐì£?YQdЛ'¥KˆŠ0DPC‚ÏET½è£ügœ·¡×*œåfb—8€9ž1¤K eZÿ @ˆA¤Ÿ„†¹ìÍAÚMruߴεˆ^§í8Ûè@Vº‚}Àò@Ç 2öh¡™˜jÓìs}[“¬ ´ôX®dë{Ž»A0–ûpoÉËA˜Ñ"?·mÆB€cþoéøÙ3‚UWìV&¾ÿR›Í.ë'ó©Q,¦}—¨øÃ }¬a…VÉVí Ȫlïdû5Ú—wæ%|Hh'˜"F#Z¨0GQ;jÞÒÎÜi]ú'4“e,Σ”[鎧5öz•roWI#nåy-3c=ç;•‡ 4'§T˜Ôv7_%öœ² øs7n+8V;=¯YäjÖ¨ ÿA$dUÆû1%°ÂÁÕâƒ:{‘ðlL,™¦<À)ŠÐ³Ëœ¥qШüú…-ß³™kzð…ËÎB„…î6M¢$)vŒŠKpÿ{Tì}9?½ÅUöÞ'9ð9VH nb %\Nb 0ˆdU,NìŠ: zÄ Ò> z ÒŠ ^ \ wh 4l € Æ ÆUÆÆá§N© m«#ÁÂEƒ… 0 D³V U@ ÷`­WWUN2RRˆ„D àP#P#30$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$bc%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c% 0 ëk%k%k%k% BV&V& 0¤s& D3' D-J' 0Kw'w' ASÂ'Æ( 0¤Û( 0D) A«Ã)» (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular Ò.& ' ib014r200ib014r20 .   ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptŸ--s Yo†)+8u€9dѤ3|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0 ƒÝ ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€record€reflects€that,€on€April€30,€1998,€the€court€allowed€Stephen€R.€Ô_ÔLefflerÔ_Ô€to€withdraw€as€counsel€forÐ ° Ðthe€appellant.€€On€March€22,€1999,€the€court€allowed€Steve€Temple€to€withdraw€as€counsel€and€Jeff€Rosenblum€wasÐ tÄ Ðsubstituted€as€counsel€for€the€appellant.€€On€July€19,€1999,€the€trial€court€granted€the€appellantððs€motion€to€relieveÐ 8ˆ ÐRosenblum€as€counsel€of€record.€€As€a€result€of€Rosenblumððs€withdrawal,€Michael€J.€Ô_ÔGatlinÔ_Ô€was€appointed€as€theÐ üL Ðappellantððs€attorney€on€July€20,€1999.€€Additionally,€on€September€21,€1999,€the€court€appointed€Rebecca€Coffee€as€co„Ð À Ðcounsel€for€the€appellant.€€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ©Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Harmon€was€deceased€at€the€time€of€trial. Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Interestingly,€our€courts€have€concluded€that€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„2015,€the€precursor€statuteÐ ° Ðto€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„14„202,€applied€only€to€the€appointment€of€counsel€for€indigent€defendants,Ð tÄ Ðnot€to€the€appointment€of€counsel€for€non„indigent€defendants.€€òòSeeóó€òòGlasgow€v.€Stateóó,€461€S.W.2d€25,€25„26€(Tenn.Ð 8ˆ Ð1970);€òòÔ‡ô¬Ýòòô¬ÝÔsee€alsoÔ#†ô¬Ýòòô¬Ý$#Ôóó€òòState€v.€Armesóó,€673€S.W.2d€174,€177€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984);€òòState€v.€Dubrockóó,€649€S.W.2d€602,€605Ð üL Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  íÝ ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€At€trial,€Ô_ÔSaharoviciÔ_Ô€was€deemed€ð ðqualified€as€an€expert€in€toxicology.ðð £Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Specifically,€there€was€no€contemporaneous€request€for€a€limiting€instruction€nor€was€there€a€request€for€aÐ ° Ðlimiting€instruction€prior€to€the€trial€courtððs€issuing€the€jury€instructions.€€The€record€reflects€that€no€limiting€instructionÐ tÄ Ðwas€given.€(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular (Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€record€also€reflects€that€the€appellant€made€an€oral€motion€to€dismiss€Ô_ÔGatlinÔ_Ô€on€the€Friday€before€theÐ ° Ðhearing.€€ ~Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€While€we€address€this€issue€in€terms€of€the€admission€of€all€of€the€transcripts,€the€appellant€focuses€much€ofÐ ° Ðhis€complaint€on€the€transcript€of€the€January€22,€1997,€transaction,€the€sole€charge€on€which€the€appellant€was€convicted. :Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€For€example,€this€court€previously€approved€of€the€following€cautionary€instruction€in€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔMosherÔ_Ôóó,€755Ð ° ÐS.W.2d€464,€469€(Ô_ÔTennÔ_Ô.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1988):Ð tÄ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ‡ô¬Ýòòô¬ÝÔð ð[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€tape€is€the€evidence,€the€transcript€is€an€aid€for€you€in€understanding€theÐ 8ˆ Ðtape.€€But€the€evidence€itself€is€the€tape€and€not€the€paper.€€So€if€there's€anyÐ üL Ðdifference,€you€will€in€all€events€rely€on€the€.€.€.€tape€itself.Ô#†ô¬Ýòòô¬ÝÄ#Ôðð ÖÝ ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€appellant€was€employed€as€a€Shelby€County€Jailer€prior€to€his€arrest€in€this€case. )Ý ƒRÕ¦$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€No€order€was€entered€appointing€ð ðMr.€Guyðð€as€the€appellantððs€attorney,€nor€does€the€record€contain€anyÐ ° Ðfurther€reference€to€ð ðMr.€Guy.ðð- ù-(|G2Õ¦$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¬Ýò»»Ô d(|3ÿ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»»ÔÑ8€HIXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îd ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼ »îîd #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àMarch€12,€2002€Session€Heard€at€MemphisÐ üL ÐÔ‡XHIX»¼ ÔÌò òÔ#†¼ »XXHI##ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóÔ_ÔEARLEYÔ_Ô€STORYÔ‡XHIX»¼ Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€97„08560€€€€€€John€P.€Ô_ÔColtonÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€€W2001„00529„CCA„R3„CD€€Ô_Ô„Ô_Ô€Filed€September€13,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant,€Ô_ÔEarleyÔ_Ô€Story,€was€convicted€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€of€one€count€ofÐ xÈ  Ðselling€not€less€than€one„half€ounce€nor€more€than€ten€pounds€of€marijuana,€a€Class€E€felony.€€TheÐ d´ Ðappellant€was€sentenced€to€one€year€of€incarceration€in€the€Shelby€County€Jail,€which€sentence€wasÐ P  Ðimmediately€probated.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€raises€the€following€issues€for€our€review:€(1)Ð <Œ Ðwhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€conduct€a€hearing€on€the€appellantððs€pro€se€motion€alleging€Ð (x Ða€failure€to€afford€him€a€speedy€trial;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€wrongly€forced€the€appellant€to€trialÐ d Ðwith€unwanted€counsel,€which€counsel€were€appointed€without€any€evidence€that€the€appellant€wasÐ P Ðunable€to€employ€counsel€of€his€choosing;€and€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€admittingÐ ì< Ðpurported€transcripts€of€tape€recordings.€€Upon€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirmÐ Ø( Ðthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€€Ð Ä ÐÓ&ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ œì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »àXHI·#ÔÔ‡XHIX.¼ ÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€andÐ tÄ ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€joined.Ð `° ÐÌJohn€E.€Ô_ÔHerbisonÔ_Ô,€Nashville,€Tennessee€(on€appeal),€and€Michael€J.€Ô_ÔGatlinÔ_Ô€and€Rebecca€Coffee,Ð 8!ˆ  ÐMemphis,€Tennessee€(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔEarleyÔ_Ô€Story.Ð $"t! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€John€H.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ü#L# ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Rhea€Ô_ÔCliftÔ_Ô,€Dan€Woody€and€Tom€Hoover,Ð è$8 $ ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÓC ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XXHIr #ÔÔ‡XHIX»¼ ÔÐ ¬'ü"' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼ »XXHIW#ÔÔ‡XHIX»¼ ÔÓ  Óà@ìàòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÔ#†¼ »XXHIµ#ÔÔ€XHIX»¼ ԈР„)Ô$) Ðà  àà ` àIn€July€1997,€the€appellant€was€indicted€by€the€Shelby€County€Grand€Jury€on€threeÐ p*À%* Ðcounts€of€selling€not€less€than€one„half€ounce€(14.175€grams)€nor€more€than€ten€pounds€(4535€grams)Ð \+¬&+ Ðof€marijuana.€€The€indictment€alleged€that€the€offenses€occurred€on€January€9,€1997,€January€15,Ð H,˜', Ð1997,€and€January€22,€1997.€€The€appellant€was€subsequently€arrested€and€a€trial€was€commencedÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_ Ôon€December€8,€1997.€€A€jury€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€acquitted€the€appellant€of€theÐ ° Ðoffenses€alleged€to€have€been€committed€on€January€9,€1997,€and€January€15,€1997,€but€found€theÐ œì Ðappellant€guilty€of€the€sale€of€marijuana€on€January€22,€1997.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€trial,€the€Stateððs€witnesses,€Detective€Carl€Harrison,€undercover€narcotics€agentÐ `° ÐJeffrey€Butler,€and€cooperating€individual€Alfredo€Shaw,€related€that,€on€three€occasions€in€JanuaryÐ L œ Ð1997,€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€went€to€1349€Ô_ ÔStandridgeÔ_ Ô€in€Memphis€to€purchase€marijuana€from€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðappellant.€€On€January€9,€1997,€the€first€of€the€three€encounters,€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€met€withÐ $ t ÐDetective€Harrison€at€a€Churchððs€Chicken€Restaurant€where€Detective€Harrison€equipped€AgentÐ  ` ÐButler€with€a€Ô_ ÔmicrocassetteÔ_ Ô€recorder€and€five€hundred€dollars€($500)€with€which€to€make€theÐ ü L  Ðcontrolled€buy.€€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€proceeded€to€1349€Ô_ ÔStandridgeÔ_ Ô€where€they€saw€the€appellantÐ è 8  Ðin€front€of€the€residence.€€Shaw€exited€the€undercover€vehicle€and€approached€the€appellant.€€HeÐ Ô$  Ðintroduced€the€appellant€to€Agent€Butler€and€asked€the€appellant€if€they€could€obtain€one„half€of€a€Ð À  Ðpound€of€marijuana€for€five€hundred€dollars€($500).€€The€appellant€instructed€Agent€Butler€and€ShawÐ ¬ü  Ðto€ð ðmake€the€block.ðð€€Complying€with€the€request,€the€pair€circled€the€block€and€then€returned€toÐ ˜è  Ð1349€Ô_ ÔStandridgeÔ_ Ô.€€Upon€their€return€to€the€residence,€the€appellant€gave€them€marijuana€in€a€plasticÐ „Ô  Ðfreezer€bag€in€exchange€for€five€hundred€dollars€($500).€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àFollowing€the€transaction,€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€met€with€Detective€Harrison€andÐ H˜ Ðgave€the€detective€the€recorder€and€the€bag€containing€the€controlled€substance.€€Detective€HarrisonÐ 4„ Ðweighed€the€substance€and€found€it€to€weigh€149.0€grams.€€Ô_ ÔFridericaÔ_ Ô€Ô_ ÔSaharoviciÔ_ Ô€tested€the€substanceÐ  p Ðat€the€University€of€Tennessee€Toxicology€Laboratory€and€determined€that€the€substance€wasÐ  \ Ðmarijuana.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð øH ÐÌà  àà ` àDetective€Harrison,€Agent€Butler,€and€Shaw€testified€at€trial€that,€on€January€15,€1997,Ð Ð  Ðthey€met€at€Churchððs€Chicken€to€outfit€Agent€Butler€with€a€Ô_ ÔmicrocassetteÔ_ Ô€recorder€and€to€provideÐ ¼  ÐAgent€Butler€with€five€hundred€dollars€($500)€to€make€the€drug€purchase.€€Agent€Butler€and€ShawÐ ¨ø Ðreturned€to€1349€Ô_ ÔStandridgeÔ_ Ô€where€they€witnessed€the€appellant€standing€across€the€street€at€aÐ ”ä Ðresidence€located€on€Fairfax.€€At€the€Ô_ ÔStandridgeÔ_ Ô€location,€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€were€approachedÐ €Ð Ðby€ð ðLittle€Red,ðð€also€known€as€Ô_ ÔEtienneÔ_ Ô€Harmon.׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Harmon€entered€the€undercover€vehicle€andÐ l¼ Ðinstructed€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€to€drive€around€to€Fairfax€if€they€wanted€to€make€a€deal.€€TheÐ X ¨ Ðthree€men€proceeded€to€1329€Fairfax€where€the€appellant€was€waiting.€€Harmon€got€out€of€theÐ D!” Ðvehicle€and€informed€the€appellant€that€they€wanted€another€half„pound€bag€of€marijuana.€€AgentÐ 0"€  ÐButler€witnessed€Harmon€give€the€appellant€five€hundred€dollars€($500)€in€exchange€for€theÐ #l! Ðmarijuana.€€Harmon€immediately€transferred€the€marijuana€to€Agent€Butler.€€Agent€Butler€and€ShawÐ $X" Ðleft€the€residence,€met€Detective€Harrison,€and€again€gave€Detective€Harrison€the€contraband€and€theÐ ô$D # Ðrecorder.€€Detective€Harrison€determined€that€the€substance€weighed€206.07€grams€and€Ô_ ÔSaharoviciÔ_ ÔÐ à%0!$ Ðconfirmed€that€the€substance€was€marijuana.€€As€previously€noted,€the€appellant€was€acquitted€onÐ Ì&"% Ðcharges€relating€to€these€two€alleged€transactions.Ð ¸'#& Їà  àà ` àThe€State€presented€testimony€regarding€a€third€arranged€buy€on€January€22,€1997.€Ð ° ÐDetective€Harrison,€Agent€Butler,€and€Shaw€repeated€their€established€procedure€and€met€atÐ œì ÐChurchððs€Chicken€where€Detective€Harrison€supplied€Agent€Butler€with€a€Ô_ ÔmicrocassetteÔ_ Ô€recorder€andÐ ˆØ Ðeight€hundred€and€fifty€dollars€($850).€€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€again€returned€to€the€residence€atÐ tÄ Ð1349€Ô_ ÔStandridgeÔ_ Ô.€€When€they€approached€the€residence,€the€appellant€and€Dante€Dale€instructed€theÐ `° Ðpair€to€proceed€to€Ô_ ÔMokÔ_ Ôððs€Grocery€for€the€transaction.€€The€two€men€did€so,€and€waited€a€few€minutesÐ L œ Ðfor€the€appellant€and€Dale€to€arrive.€€Shortly€thereafter,€the€appellant€and€Dale,€driving€a€ð ðgrayish„Ð 8 ˆ Ðbrown€Cadillac,ðð€met€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€behind€Ô_ ÔMokÔ_ Ôððs€Grocery.€€Dale€was€driving€the€vehicleÐ $ t Ðand€the€appellant€was€in€the€front€passenger€seat.€€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€got€into€the€rear€passengerÐ  ` Ðcompartment€of€the€vehicle.€€Agent€Butler€gave€the€appellant€eight€hundred€and€fifty€dollars€($850)Ð ü L  Ðfor€the€purchase€of€one€pound€of€marijuana.€€The€appellant€gave€the€packaged€marijuana€to€Dale,Ð è 8  Ðwho€in€turn€passed€the€marijuana€to€Shaw.€€Agent€Butler€and€Shaw€returned€to€the€undercoverÐ Ô$  Ðvehicle.€€They€immediately€proceeded€to€a€meeting€with€Detective€Harrison€and€relinquishedÐ À  Ðpossession€of€the€recorder€and€the€marijuana.€€Detective€Harrison€testified€that€the€substanceÐ ¬ü  Ðweighed€307.0€grams.€€Ô_ ÔSaharoviciÔ_ Ô€again€attested€that€the€substance€ð ðÔ_ Ôcontain[edÔ_ Ô]Ð ˜è  ÐÔ_ ÔtetrahydrocannabinolÔ_ Ô€which€is€the€active€ingredient€in€marijuana.ðð€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€trial,€the€appellant€denied€involvement€in€any€of€the€transactions.€€The€appellantÐ \¬ Ðtestified€that,€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€January€9,€1997,€transaction,€he€was€at€his€sisterððs€houseÐ H˜ Ðpicking€up€a€prescription€for€his€mother.€€The€appellantððs€sister€supported€the€appellantððs€version€ofÐ 4„ Ðevents.€€The€appellant€further€contended€that,€at€the€time€of€the€January€15,€1997,€drug€deal,€he€wasÐ  p Ðat€home€with€his€family,€either€in€bed€or€working€on€his€car.€€Both€the€appellantððs€wife€and€daughterÐ  \ Ðcorroborated€the€appellantððs€alibi.€€Additionally,€the€appellant€contended€that€he€was€home€at€theÐ øH Ðtime€of€the€January€22,€1997,€transaction.€€The€appellantððs€wife€maintained€that€she€did€not€recallÐ ä4 Ðthe€appellant€leaving€home€on€January€22,€1997.€€Moreover,€the€appellant€asserted€that,€prior€to€theÐ Ð  Ðcommencement€of€the€instant€legal€proceedings,€he€had€never€met€Ô_ ÔEtienneÔ_ Ô€Harmon€or€Dante€Dale.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àà ` à€As€a€result€of€his€conviction€for€the€January€22,€1997,€transaction,€the€trial€courtÐ ”ä Ðimposed€a€sentence€of€incarceration€for€one€year€in€the€Shelby€County€Jail,€but€suspended€theÐ €Ð Ðsentence€and€placed€the€appellant€on€probation.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€courtÐ l¼ Ðshould€have€held€a€hearing€on€the€appellantððs€pro€se€motion€demanding€a€speedy€trial,€the€trial€courtÐ X ¨ Ðerred€in€allowing€into€evidence€transcripts€of€the€drug€sales,€and€he€alleges€that€ð ð[Ô_ Ôt]heÔ_ Ô€trial€courtÐ D!” Ðwrongly€forced€[him]€to€trial€with€unwanted€counsel,€which€counsel€were€appointed€without€anyÐ 0"€  Ðevidence€that€the€[appellant]€was€unable€to€employ€counsel€of€his€choosing.ðð€€We€shall€first€addressÐ #l! Ðthe€appellantððs€complaints€regarding€the€trial€courtððs€appointment€of€counsel.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà@éé$ìàòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ à%0!$ Ðà@||ìàA.€€Appointment€of€CounselˆÐ Ì&"% Ðà  àà ` àRegarding€his€complaint€concerning€counsel,€the€appellant€argues,€ð ðIn€the€case€subÐ ¸'#& Ðjudice,€the€trial€court€relieved€a€retained€attorney€of€the€[appellantððs]€choosing€and€Ô_ ÔsuaÔ_ Ô€Ô_ ÔsponteÔ_ ÔÐ ¤(ô#' Ðappointed€counsel.€.€.€.€€The€record€does€not€show€that€[the€appellant]€at€any€time€sought€appointmentÐ )à$( Ðof€counsel,€nor€that€he€claimed€to€be€unable€to€afford€retained€counsel.ðð€€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àEvents€surrounding€the€appointment€of€counsel€resulted€from€a€motion€filed€by€theÐ ° Ðappellant€requesting€that€he€be€incarcerated€until€his€trial.€€On€July€19,€1999,€a€hearing€was€held€onÐ œì Ðthe€appellantððs€motion.€€At€the€hearing,€the€appellant€was€represented€by€retained€attorney€JeffreyÐ ˆØ ÐRosenblum,€ð ðthe€second€lawyer,€perhaps€even€the€third,€who€has€been€on€this€jacket.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€appellantÐ tÄ Ðtestified€in€support€of€his€request€to€have€the€trial€court€incarcerate€him€until€the€time€of€trial.€€WhileÐ `° Ðthe€appellant€was€on€the€witness€stand,€Rosenblum€asked€the€appellant€if€his€request€for€incarcerationÐ L œ Ðwas€against€the€advice€of€appellantððs€counsel,€to€which€question€the€appellant€replied,€ð ðYouððre€notÐ 8 ˆ Ðmy€lawyer.ðð€€The€following€colloquy€then€occurred:Ð $ t Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCounsel:€Are€you€firing€me€then?Ð `` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAppellant:€Correct.Ðè 8 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCounsel:€Okay.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCourt:€Are€you€appointed€orð!ðИè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCounsel:€No,€Your€Honor.€€Heððs€hired€me.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€advised€the€appellant€that€by€firing€his€attorney€he€was€causingÐ H˜ Ðadditional€delays€in€his€case.€€The€appellant€replied,€ð ðIððll€represent€myself.ðð€€In€response€to€theÐ 4„ Ðappellantððs€complaints€regarding€the€inadequacies€of€counsel,€the€trial€court€stated:Ð  p Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWell,€it€appears€that€weððve€had€at€least€two€lawyers€involved€in€thisÐ  \ Ðcase€representing€Mr.€Story,€and€the€case€is€set€for€trial.€.€.€.€€WeððveÐ øH Ðgot€to€get€somebody€to€represent€Mr.€Story.€€I€canððt€force€you€to€doÐ ä4 Ðthis€Mr.€Rosenblum€because€you€are€a€private€lawyer€in€the€case.€Ð Ð  ÐAnd€of€course,€the€Court€will€not€do€that.€€The€Court€is€going€to€allowÐ ¼  Ðyou€under€the€statements€made€by€Ô_ ÔEarleyÔ_ Ô€Story€to€be€ð!ð€to€withdraw[]Ð ¨ø Ðfrom€this€case.Дä` x` x ÐThe€trial€court€considered€appointing€a€public€defender€to€represent€the€appellant,€but€declined€suchÐ €Ð Ðappointment€upon€being€informed€that€the€appellant€had€a€pending€civil€lawsuit€in€which€the€publicÐ l¼ Ðdefenderððs€office€was€involved.€€The€trial€court€then€inquired€as€to€the€appellantððs€employmentÐ X ¨ Ðstatus.€€In€response,€the€appellant€stated€that€he€was€employed.€€Without€further€discussion,€the€courtÐ D!” Ðinformed€the€appellant€that€it€would€appoint€ð ðMr.€Guyðð€to€represent€the€appellant.€€The€followingÐ 0"€  Ðâ âday,€on€July€20,€1999,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order€appointing€Michael€J.€Ô_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô€as€the€appellantððsÐ #l! Ðcounsel,€noting€that€ð ðthe€Court€ascertained€that€the€Defendant€is€financially€unable€to€employÐ ° Ðcounsel.ðð׃&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€appellant€issued€no€complaint€as€to€the€trial€courtððs€appointment€of€counsel.€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àOn€November€5,€1999,€the€appellant€filed€a€pro€se€motion€to€dismiss€Ô_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô,€alleging€Ð tÄ Ðineffective€assistance.Ô_ Ô׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô_ Ô€€Subsequently,€on€November€8€and€November€9,€1999,€a€hearing€was€held.€Ð `° ÐÔ_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô€ð ðÔ_ Ôurge[dÔ_ Ô]€the€Court€.€.€.€to€adopt€Mr.€Storyððs€motion.ðð€€The€appellant€stated€that€he€did€not€wishÐ L œ Ðto€represent€himself,€but€explained€that€he€did€not€want€Ô_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô€to€continue€to€represent€him.€€As€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðresult€of€these€comments,€the€trial€court€began€to€question€the€appellant€about€his€reasons€for€notÐ $ t Ðhiring€another€attorney.€€€€The€appellant€contended,€ð ðI€havenððt€had€a€chance€to€hire,€Iððve€been€tryingÐ  ` Ðto.€.€.€.€€I€could€hire€a€lawyer€in€Memphis.€.€.€.ðð€€The€appellant€specifically€complained€that€ð ð[Ô_ Ôb]ecauseÔ_ ÔÐ ü L  Ðof€the€political€nature€[of€my€case],€I€had€four€lawyers€and€for€some€strange€reason€they€fail€to€workÐ è 8  Ðaggressively€on€my€behalf.ðð׃$h×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€appellant€also€alleged€that€Ô_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô€could€not€represent€him€becauseÐ Ô$  Ðof€a€conflict.€€The€trial€court€dismissed€the€appellantððs€allegation€as€unfounded€and€stated:Ð À  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIððve€heard€the€defendant,€Mr.€Story,€say€that€he€does€wantÐ ¬ü  Ðrepresentation.€€And,€heððs€had€four€lawyers€before.€€And,€itððs€[Ô_ Ôm]yÔ_ ÔÐ ˜è  Ðthought€that€heððs€trying€to€further,€heððs€saying€that€we€have€delayedÐ „Ô  Ðthe€case.€€This€Court€finds€that€he€has€Ô_ Ôdelay[edÔ_ Ô]€the€case€by€causingÐ pÀ Ðthese€lawyers€so€many€problems€that€they€donððt€want€to€representÐ \¬ Ðhim.€€And,€heððs€had€private€lawyers€and€heððs€had€appointed€lawyers.€Ð H˜ ÐAnd,€weððre€set€to€go€to€trial€December€the€6òòthóó.€€Ð4„` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.€Ð p` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€donððt€care€whether€he€cooperates€with€[counsel]€or€not.€[Ô_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô,]Ð  \ Ð[Ô_ Ôy]ouððreÔ_ Ô€going€to€have€to€do€the€best€you€can.€€I€donððt€care€whether€heÐ øH Ðwants€you€to€represent€him.€€He€doesnððt€want€these€other€four€peopleÐ ä4 Ðto€represent€him€either.€€And,€weððre€going€to€trial€on€December€the€6òòthóóÐ Ð  Ðwhether€he€cooperates€with€you€or€not.м ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.Шø` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMr.€Story€is€not€going€to€be,€[Ô_ Ôm]yÔ_ Ô€history€with€Mr.€Story€is€that€heððsÐ ”ä Ðnot€going€to€be€satisfied€with€anybody€representing€him.€€And,€heððs€Ð €Ð Ðgoing€to,€heððs€going€to€be€represented€by€you€and€weððre€going€to€trialÐ l¼ Ðon€December€the€6òòthóó€whether€he€likes€it€or€not.€€ÐX ¨` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àAgain,€the€appellantððs€sole€complaint€appears€to€be€that€the€trial€court€appointedÐ 0"€  Ðcounsel€to€represent€him€without€first€conducting€an€evidentiary€hearing€to€determine€his€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô.€Ð #l! ÐInitially,€we€note€that€the€United€States€Constitution€and€the€Tennessee€Constitution€both€guaranteeÐ $X" Ðan€accused€the€right€to€be€represented€by€counsel€during€a€criminal€trial.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.€amend.€VI;Ð ô$D # ÐTenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9.€€Additionally,€ð ð[Ô_ Ôt]heÔ_ Ô€right€to€counsel€includes€the€qualified€right€to€theÐ ° Ðcounsel€of€oneððs€choice.ðð€òòóó€òòState€v.€Ô_ ÔParrottÔ_ Ôóó,€919€S.W.2d€60,€61€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1995).€€In€theÐ œì Ðinstant€case,€the€appellant€did€not€request€the€appointment€of€counsel.€€However,€he€repeatedlyÐ ˆØ Ðmaintained€that€he€did€not€wish€to€proceed€pro€se,€but€he€had€not€ð ðhad€the€chanceðð€to€hire€counselÐ tÄ Ðafter€firing€his€previous€attorneys.€€Again,€following€the€appellantððs€firing€of€Rosenblum,€the€courtÐ `° Ðappointed€counsel€without€conducting€a€prior€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô€hearing.€€In€connection€with€this€issue,€weÐ L œ Ðnote€that€a€trial€court€has€the€ð ðinherent€power€to€control€the€administration€of€justice.ðð€€òòUnited€StatesÐ 8 ˆ Ðv.€Gallopóó,€838€F.2d€105,€108€(4òòthóó€Cir.€1988);€òòÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XHIXXXHIwX#Ô€òòUnited€States€v.€Ô_ ÔDuneganÔ_ Ôóó,€251€F.3d€477,€478Ð $ t Ð(3òòrdóó€Cir.€2001).€€Moreover,€tòòóóhe€trial€court€has€wide€discretion€in€matters€regarding€the€appointmentÐ  ` Ðof€counsel;€thus,€the€trial€courtððs€actions€will€not€be€overturned€on€appeal€absent€a€clear€abuse€of€thatÐ ü L  Ðdiscretion.€€òòState€v.€Rubioóó,€746€S.W.2d€732,€737€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1987).€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àWhen€a€criminal€defendant€alleges€the€inability€to€afford€counsel€and€requests€theÐ À  Ðappointment€of€counsel,€the€court€ð ðshall€upon€inquiry€make€a€finding€as€to€the€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô€of€the€partyÐ ¬ü  Ðpursuant€to€the€provisions€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„14„202.€The€court€shall€enter€an€order€appointingÐ ˜è  Ðcounsel€upon€a€finding€that€the€defendant€is€indigent.ðð€€Tenn.€Sup.€Ct.€R.€13€ðð€1(e).€€However,€RuleÐ „Ô  Ð13€also€states€that€ð ð[Ô_ Ôt]heÔ_ Ô€failure€of€any€court€to€follow€the€provisions€of€this€rule€shall€not€constituteÐ pÀ Ðgrounds€for€relief€from€a€judgment€of€conviction€or€sentence.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€(j).€€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ \¬ Ðsection€40„14„202(a)€(1997)€provides:€Ð H˜ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIn€all€felony€cases,€if€the€accused€is€not€represented€by€counsel,€andÐ 4„ Ðthe€court€determines€by€the€manner€provided€in€subsection€(b)€that€theÐ  p Ðaccused€is€an€indigent€person€who€has€not€competently€waived€theÐ  \ Ðright€to€counsel,€the€court€shall€appoint€to€represent€the€accused€eitherÐ øH Ðthe€public€defender€.€.€.€or€.€.€.€a€competent€attorney€licensed€in€thisÐ ä4 Ðstate.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐAdditionally,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„14„202(b)€instructs€that€Ð ¼  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[Ô_ Ôw]heneverÔ_ Ô€an€accused€informs€the€court€that€such€accused€isÐ ¨ø Ðfinancially€unable€to€obtain€the€assistance€of€counsel,€it€is€the€duty€ofÐ ”ä Ðthe€court€to€conduct€a€full€and€complete€hearing€as€to€the€financialÐ €Ð Ðability€of€the€accused€to€obtain€the€assistance€of€counsel,€and,Ð l¼ Ðthereafter,€make€a€finding€as€to€the€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô€of€the€accused.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÐX ¨` x` x ÐThus,€prior€to€appointing€counsel€for€the€appellant€due€to€the€appellantððs€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô,€the€trial€courtÐ D!” Ðshould€have€first€held€a€hearing€to€establish€the€appellantððs€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àRegardless,€the€courtððs€error€in€failing€to€hold€an€Ô_ ÔindigencyÔ_ Ô€hearing€prior€toÐ $X" Ðappointing€counsel€for€the€appellant€was€harmless.€€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€P.€52(a).€€Notably,€the€trial€courtÐ ô$D # Ðfound€that€the€appellant€was€deliberately€undermining€the€legal€process€by€repeatedly€ð ðfiringðð€hisÐ à%0!$ Ðattorneys.€€ð ððð[A]€defendant€may€not€through€a€deliberate€process€of€discharging€retained€or€assignedÐ Ì&"% Ðcounsel€whenever€his€case€is€called€for€trial€subvert€sound€judicial€administration€by€such€delayingÐ ° Ðtactics.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ ÔChadwickÔ_ Ôóó,€450€S.W.2d€568,€570€(Tenn.€1970)€(quoting€òòUnited€States€ex€rel.€DavisÐ œì Ðv.€Ô_ ÔMcMannÔ_ Ôóó,€386€F.2d.€611,€618€(2òòndóó€Cir.€1967)òòóóòòóó).€€In€other€words,€Ð ˆØ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ðthe€right€to€retain€counsel€of€oneððs€own€choice€is€not€absolute.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðright€ððcannot€be€insisted€upon€in€a€manner€that€will€obstruct€anÐ `° Ðorderly€procedure€in€courts€of€justice,€and€deprive€such€courts€of€theÐ L œ Ðexercise€of€their€inherent€powers€to€control€the€same.ðððð€€Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ ÔZylaÔ_ Ôóó,€628€S.W.2d€39,€41€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1981)€(quoting€òòUnited€States€v.€Burtonóó,€584Ð $ t ÐF.2d€485,€489€(D.C.€Cir.€1978)).€€Furthermore,€our€supreme€court€has€recently€observed:Ð  ` Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[Ô_ ÔW]henÔ_ Ô€discussing€a€non„indigent€defendant€who€fired€his€attorney€inÐ ü L  Ðopen€court€and€thereafter€repeatedly€protested€about€going€to€trialÐ è 8  Ðwithout€a€lawyer,€we€recognized€that€even€ð ð[Ô_ Ôt]houghÔ_ Ô€a€defendant€hasÐ Ô$  Ða€right€to€select€his€own€counsel€if€he€acts€expeditiously€to€do€so€.€.€.Ð À  Ðhe€may€not€use€this€right€to€play€a€ððcat€and€mouseðð€game€with€theÐ ¬ü  Ðcourt.€.€.€.ðððð€€The€idea€that€the€right€to€counsel€may€not€be€used€toÐ ˜è  Ðmanipulate€or€toy€with€the€judicial€system€applies€equally€to€indigentÐ „Ô  Ðand€non„indigent€defendants.€€ÐpÀ` x` x ÐòòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€549€(Tenn.€2000),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€533€U.S.€953,€121€S.€Ct.€2600Ð \¬ Ð(2001)€(citations€omitted).€€In€a€similar€vein,€the€United€States€Court€of€Appeals€for€the€SecondÐ H˜ ÐCircuit€has€suggested,€ð ð[Ô_ Ôi]fÔ_ Ô€after€a€reasonable€period€a€defendant€is€unable€to€retain€counsel€he€shouldÐ 4„ Ðbe€assigned€counsel€by€the€court€unless€he€clearly€and€unequivocally€indicates€that€he€wishes€toÐ  p Ðproceed€without€any€counsel.ðð€€òòDavisóó,€386€F.2d.€at€620€(citations€omitted).€€In€the€instant€case,€theÐ  \ Ðtrial€court€appointed€counsel€to€assist€the€appellant€after€he€repeatedly€denied€that€he€wished€toÐ øH Ðrepresent€himself.€òòóóÐ ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€also€observe€that€the€appellant€had€many€opportunities€to€object€to€the€trial€courtððsÐ ¼  Ðappointment€of€counsel€and€failed€to€do€so€until€the€conclusion€of€trial.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a)Ð ¨ø Ð(ð ðNothing€in€this€rule€shall€be€construed€as€requiring€relief€be€granted€to€a€party€responsible€for€anÐ ”ä Ðerror€or€who€failed€to€take€whatever€action€was€reasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€the€harmfulÐ €Ð Ðeffect€of€an€error.ðð).€€Although€the€appellant€complained€before€trial€concerning€the€allegedÐ l¼ Ðineffective€representation€of€Ô_ ÔGatlinÔ_ Ô,€he€made€no€protest€regarding€the€trial€courtððs€appointment€ofÐ X ¨ Ðcounsel€in€general.€€Additionally,€the€appellant€failed€to€secure€additional€counsel€after€firingÐ D!” ÐRosenblum€even€though€he€had€ample€opportunities€to€do€so.€€The€appellant€also€had€the€opportunityÐ 0"€  Ðto€retain€counsel€between€his€November€9,€1999,€motion€and€the€time€of€trial.€€This€court€hasÐ #l! Ðasserted€that€ð ðthe€failure€to€retain€counsel€by€a€defendant€who€can€afford€an€attorney€isòòóó€properlyÐ $X" Ðregarded€as€a€waiver€of€the€right€to€the€assistance€of€counsel.ðð€€òòÔ_ ÔDubrockÔ_ Ôóó,€649€S.W.2d€at€606;€òòÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XHIXXXHIˆv#ÔÐ ô$D # ÐòòDavisóó,€386€F.2d.€at€618€(ð ð[Ô_ ÔT]heÔ_ Ô€right€to€have€counsel€of€oneððs€own€choice€may€be€waived€by€aÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant€who€fails€to€retain€counsel€within€a€reasonable€time€when€he€is€financially€able€to€do€so.ðð).€Ð Ì&"% ÐFurthermore,€at€no€time€in€these€proceedings€has€the€appellant€alleged€that€he€was€not€indigent€at€theÐ ¸'#& Ðtime€counsel€was€appointed.€€To€the€contrary,€the€appellant€filed€a€motion€on€November€9,€1999,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðrequesting€the€transcription€of€audio€tapes€in€the€possession€of€the€State€and€alleging€that€the€StateÐ )à$( Ðâ âshould€pay€for€the€transcription€because€ð ðDefendant€is€indigent.ðð€€Moreover,€the€record€clearlyÐ |*Ì%) Ðreflects€that€counsel€were€zealous€advocates€on€the€appellantððs€behalf,€and€succeeded€in€achievingÐ ° Ðacquittals€for€the€appellant€on€two€of€the€three€counts€against€him.€€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà@aa"ìàB.€€Speedy€TrialˆÐ tÄ Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€also€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€dismissing€his€pro€se€motionÐ `° Ðfor€speedy€trial€without€conducting€an€evidentiary€hearing.€€Initially,€we€note€that€the€appellant€filedÐ L œ Ðpro€se€motions€demanding€a€speedy€trial,€while€he€was€represented€by€counsel.€€It€is€well€establishedÐ 8 ˆ ÐthatÐ $ t Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[an€appellant]€does€not€have€a€constitutional€right€under€the€State€orÐ  ` ÐFederal€Constitution€to€participate€In€Ô_ ÔpropriaÔ_ Ô€persona€in€his€ownÐ ü L  Ðdefense€and€simultaneously€to€be€represented€by€participatingÐ è 8  Ðcounsel.ÐÔ$ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.€ÐÀ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€choice€is€his;€he€represents€himself€or€he€is€representedð!ðone€orÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€other,€but€not€both.Иè ` x` x ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ ÔBurkhartÔ_ Ôóó,€541€S.W.2d€365,€371€(Tenn.€1976);€òòÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XHIXXXHI€#Ô€òòState€v.€Museóó,€637€S.W.2d€468,€470Ð „Ô  Ð(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1982).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€to€hold€an€evidentiary€hearingÐ pÀ Ðon€the€speedy€trial€issue.€€òòCf.óó€òòState€v.€Jackie€F.€Curryóó,€No.€E2000„02475„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€Tenn.Ð \¬ ÐÔ_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€LEXIS€586,€at€**19„20€(Knoxville,€Aug.€2,€2001),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2001).Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àNevertheless,€appellantððs€argument€is€without€merit.€€We€note€that€ð ð[Ô_ Ôt]heÔ_ Ô€right€to€aÐ  p Ðspeedy€trial€arises€under€the€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€Constitution€of€the€United€States€madeÐ  \ Ðapplicable€to€the€State€by€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€.€.€.€and€Article€1,€ðð€9€of€the€Constitution€ofÐ øH ÐTennessee.ðð€€òòState€v.€Bishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€81,€83€(Tenn.€1973).€€In€analyzing€the€speedy€trial€issue,Ð ä4 Ðfour€factors€are€important:€ð ðthe€length€of€the€delay,€the€reason€for€the€delay,€the€defendantððs€assertionÐ Ð  Ðof€the€right,€and€the€prejudice€suffered€by€the€defendant€from€the€delay.ðð€€òòState€v.€Utleyóó,€956€S.W.2dÐ ¼  Ð489,€492€(Tenn.€1997)€(citing€òòBarker€v.€Ô_ ÔWingoÔ_ Ôóó,€407€U.S.€514,€530,€92€S.€Ct.€2182,€2192€(1972)).Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àð ðThe€right€to€a€speedy€trial€attaches€at€the€time€of€arrest€or€indictment,€whicheverÐ €Ð Ðcomes€first,€and€continues€until€the€date€of€the€trial.ðð€€òòState€v.€Vickersóó,€985€S.W.2d€1,€5€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.Ð l¼ ÐApp.€1997).€€A€delay€of€one€year€or€longer€will€trigger€an€inquiry€into€a€speedy€trial€violation.€€òòId.óó€Ð X ¨ ÐThe€appellant€asserts€that€he€was€arrested€on€January€31,€1997,€but€his€trial€was€not€commenced€untilÐ D!” ÐDecember€8,€1999.€€The€record€contains€no€verification€of€the€appellantððs€arrest€date.€€However,€theÐ 0"€  Ðrecord€does€reflect€that€the€indictments€were€returned€against€the€appellant€on€August€7,€1997.€€Thus,Ð #l! Ðthe€delay€between€indictment€and€trial€was€slightly€more€than€two€years.€€In€òòVickersóó,€this€court€foundÐ $X" Ðthat€a€delay€of€three€years€and€nine€months€was€not€a€presumptive€speedy€trial€violation.€€òòId.óóÐ ô$D # ÐòòÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔóóAdditionally,€our€supreme€court€Ô#†XHIXXXHI“‰#Ôhas€previously€concluded€that€a€ð ðtotal€delay€of€a€little€over€two€yearsÐ à%0!$ Ðis€not€per€se€extreme€and€is€not€such€a€length€of€delay€that€from€this€fact€alone€we€would€presumeÐ Ì&"% Ðprejudice.ðð€òòBishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€85.€€Accordingly,€we€must€examine€the€other€factors€involved.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€second€factor,€the€reason€for€delay,€generally€falls€into€one€of€four€categories:€€Ð )à$( Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔ(1)€intentional€delay€to€gain€a€tactical€advantage€over€the€defense€orÐ |*Ì%) Ðdelay€designed€to€harass€the€defendant;€€(2)€bureaucratic€indifferenceÐ h+¸&* Ðor€negligence;€(3)€delay€necessary€to€the€fair€and€effective€prosecutionÐ ° Ðof€the€case;€and€(4)€delay€caused,€or€acquiesced€in,€by€the€defense.Ô#†XHIXXXHIð‹#ÔМì` x` x ÐòòState€v.€Woodóó,€924€S.W.2d€342,€346„47€(Tenn.€1996)€(footnotes€omitted).€€In€the€instant€case,€theÐ ˆØ Ðrecord€is€somewhat€unclear€as€to€the€reason(s)€for€the€delay€because€the€trial€court€entered€a€summaryÐ tÄ Ðorder€denying€relief.€€However,€we€find€compelling€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€ð ð[the€appellant]€hasÐ `° ÐÔ_ Ôdelay[edÔ_ Ô]€the€case€by€causing€these€lawyers€so€many€problems€that€they€donððt€want€to€representÐ L œ Ðhim.ðð€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion€that€many,€if€not€all,€of€the€delays€were€the€faultÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€appellant.€€This€factor€weighs€against€the€appellant.€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àà ` àWhile€the€appellant€claims€that€he€asserted€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial€on€numerousÐ ü L  Ðoccasions,€the€record€contains€only€two€motions€demanding€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial,€which€motionsÐ è 8  Ðwere€filed€in€early€November€1999.€€However,€we€also€note€that,€on€July€19,€1999,€when€theÐ Ô$  Ðappellant€was€still€represented€by€retained€counsel€Rosenblum,€counsel€informed€the€trial€court€thatÐ À  Ðð ð[the€case]€has€never€been€continued€at€the€request€of€Mr.€Story.€€He€has€always€wanted€his€trial.ðð€Ð ¬ü  ÐThus,€the€appellant€did€assert€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial,€and€soon€thereafter,€a€trial€was€held.€€ThisÐ ˜è  Ðfactor€weighs€in€favor€of€the€appellant.€€òòSeeóó€òòVickersóó,€985€S.W.2d€at€6.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àFinally,€we€must€determine€whether€the€appellant€was€prejudiced€by€the€delay.€€òòWoodóó,Ð \¬ Ð924€S.W.2d€at€348.€€Based€upon€the€record€before€us,€we€cannot€conclude€that€the€appellant€sufferedÐ H˜ Ðany€appreciable€prejudice€by€the€delay€in€prosecution.€€Significantly,€the€appellant€was€acquitted€onÐ 4„ Ðtwo€of€the€three€charges€against€him.€€Additionally,€the€appellant€was€not€incarcerated€while€awaitingÐ  p Ðtrial.€€òòSeeóó€òòBishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€85.€€After€evaluating€the€applicable€factors,€we€conclude€thatÐ  \ Ðappellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.Ð øH ÐÌà@„„"ìàC.€€Transcripts€ˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€also€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€transcripts€of€theÐ ¼  Ðaudio„taped€drug€transactions€because€there€was€no€ð ðproper€foundationðð€laid€and€the€trial€court€didÐ ¨ø Ðnot€issue€ð ðclarifying€or€limiting€instruction(s)€as€to€the€juryððs€proper€consideration€of€suchÐ ”ä Ðtranscripts.ðð׃"×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Specifically€regarding€the€lack€of€foundation,€the€appellant€contends€that€ð ð[no]€witnessÐ €Ð Ðtestified€that€he€had€compared€the€transcripts€with€the€tapes€to€insure€the€accuracy€of€the€transcripts.ðð€Ð l¼ ÐIt€is€well€settled€that€Ô‡XHIXXXHIÔð ðthe€decision€to€admit€or€exclude€evidence€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trialÐ X ¨ Ðjudge€and€his€decision€will€not€be€disturbed€unless€it€is€arbitrarily€exercised.ðð€€òòTaylor€v.€Stateóó,€814Ð D!” ÐS.W.2d€374,€377€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1991).Ô#†XHIXXXHI±™#ÔÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àInitially,€we€note€that€the€appellant€raised€no€objection€to€the€admission€of€the€audioÐ $X" Ðtapes€of€the€three€incidents.€€In€fact,€in€numerous€pretrial€hearings,€the€appellant€was€adamant€thatÐ ô$D # Ðthe€audio€tapes€themselves€be€admitted€into€evidence.€€The€State€introduced€the€audio€tapes€at€trialÐ à%0!$ Ðthrough€Agent€Butler,€who€attested€to€the€accuracy€of€the€audio€tapes€and€carefully€explained€theÐ Ì&"% Ðâ âevents€transpiring€on€the€tapes€as€they€were€played€for€the€jury.€€Agent€Butler€explained€that,€whileÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€appellantððs€voice€was€possibly€on€the€tape€documenting€the€January€9,€1997,€transaction,€theÐ ° Ðappellant€did€not€speak€during€the€January€15,€1997,€or€January€22,€1997,€transactions.€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àLater,€the€appellant€cross„examined€Detective€Harrison€regarding€the€contents€of€theÐ tÄ Ðaudio€tapes.€€Detective€Harrison€responded€that€he€could€not€remember€the€exact€contents€of€theÐ `° Ðaudio€tapes;€however,€the€transcripts€of€the€audio€tapes€would€accurately€reflect€the€events.€€TheÐ L œ Ðappellant€repeatedly€asked€Detective€Harrison€if€a€copy€of€the€transcripts€could€be€obtained.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐSpecifically,€the€appellant€asked,€ð ðSo€if€we€took€a€break€later€on,€youððd€be€able€to€get€Ô_ ÔaholdÔ_ Ô€of€thatÐ $ t Ðtranscript€so€we€could€all€see€it?ðð€€The€detective€replied€that€obtaining€the€transcripts€ð ð[Ô_ Ôs]houldnððtÔ_ ÔÐ  ` Ðbe€any€problemðð€because€they€should€be€on€file€with€the€Shelby€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€Ð ü L  ÐFollowing€a€short€break,€the€State,€on€redirect€examination,€attempted€to€introduce€the€transcriptsÐ è 8  Ðof€the€tapes€through€Detective€Harrison.€€The€appellant€objected€to€the€transcripts€on€the€basis€thatÐ Ô$  Ðthey€were€not€supplied€during€discovery.€€The€appellant€made€this€objection,€and€only€this€objection,Ð À  Ðto€the€admission€of€each€of€the€three€transcripts.€€The€trial€court€overruled€the€objection,€finding€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€defense€had€opened€the€door€to€the€introduction€of€the€transcripts.€€As€the€appellantððs€objectionÐ ˜è  Ðto€the€admission€of€the€transcripts€is€based€upon€different€grounds€on€appeal,€we€must€conclude€€thatÐ „Ô  Ðthe€appellant€has€waived€this€issue€because€ð ðÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔa€defendant€may€not€object€to€the€introduction€ofÐ pÀ Ðevidence€on€one€ground,€abandon€this€ground,€and€assert€a€new€basis€or€ground€for€the€objection€inÐ \¬ Ðthis€Court.Ô#†XHIXXXHIM¥#Ôðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ ÔAucoinÔ_ Ôóó,€756€S.W.2d€705,€715€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1988).€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€his€second€complaint€regarding€the€transcripts,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trialÐ  p Ðcourt€erred€in€failing€to€give€a€limiting€instruction€following€the€admission€of€the€transcripts.€Ð  \ ÐNotably,€at€no€time€did€the€appellant€request€that€a€limiting€instruction€be€given€regarding€the€useÐ øH Ðof€the€transcripts.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Because€of€the€appellantððs€failure€to€request€such€an€instruction,€the€appellant€hasÐ ä4 Ðalso€waived€this€argument.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e);€òòState€v.€William€Lewis€Houstonóó,€No.€M1999„Ð Ð  Ð01430„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€LEXIS€936,€at€*23€(Nashville,€Dec.€7,€2000),€òòperm.Ð ¼  Ðto€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2001).Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àDespite€waiver,€the€appellant€asks€this€court€to€address€the€issues€regarding€theÐ €Ð Ðtranscripts€as€plain€error.€€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€P.€52(b).€€Generally,€this€court€has€cautioned€that€the€onlyÐ l¼ Ðerrors€that€should€be€addressed€as€plain€error€pursuant€to€Rule€52(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÐ X ¨ ÐCriminal€Procedure€are€errors€ð ðthat€ððseriously€affect€the€fairness,€integrity€or€public€reputation€ofÐ D!” Ðjudicial€proceedingsðð€when€necessary€to€prevent€a€miscarriage€of€justice.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ ÔAdkissonÔ_ Ôóó,€899Ð 0"€  ÐS.W.2d€626,€639„40€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1994)€(footnotes€omitted).€€In€other€words,€such€error€mustÐ #l! Ðhave€ð ðhad€an€unfair€prejudicial€impact€which€undermined€the€fundamental€fairness€of€the€trial.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ $X" Ðat€642.€€In€analyzing€plain€error,€this€court€considers€the€following€factors:Ð ô$D # Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ð(a)€the€record€must€clearly€establish€what€occurred€in€the€trial€court;Ð à%0!$ Ð(b)€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€must€have€been€breached;€(c)Ð Ì&"% Ða€substantial€right€of€the€accused€must€have€been€adversely€affected;Ð ¸'#& Ð(d)€the€accused€did€not€waive€the€issue€for€tactical€reasons;€and€(e)Ð ° Ðconsideration€of€the€error€is€ððnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ððððМì` x` x ÐòòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€282€(Tenn.€2000)€(quoting€òòÔ_ ÔAdkissonÔ_ Ôóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€641„42).€Ð ˆØ ÐNotably,€ð ðthe€presence€of€all€five€factors€must€be€established€by€the€record€before€this€Court€willÐ tÄ Ðrecognize€the€existence€of€plain€error,€and€complete€consideration€of€all€the€factors€is€not€necessaryÐ `° Ðwhen€it€is€clear€from€the€record€that€at€least€one€of€the€factors€cannot€be€established.ðð€€òòSmithóó,€24Ð L œ ÐS.W.3d€at€283.€€Moreover,€ð ððð[Ô_ Ôa]nÔ_ Ô€error€ððmay€be€so€plain€as€to€be€Ô_ ÔreviewableÔ_ Ô€under€.€.€.€Rule€52(b),Ð 8 ˆ Ðyet€the€error€may€be€harmless€and€therefore€not€justify€a€reversal.ðððð€€òòÔ_ ÔAdkissonÔ_ Ôóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€642Ð $ t Ð(footnote€omitted).Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àConcerning€the€admission€of€the€transcripts,€we€note€thatÐ è 8  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ðtape€recordings€and€compared€transcripts€are€admissible€and€may€beÐ Ô$  Ðpresented€in€evidence€by€any€witness€who€was€present€during€theirÐ À  Ðrecording€or€who€monitored€the€conversations,€if€he€was€so€situatedÐ ¬ü  Ðand€circumstanced€that€he€was€in€a€position€to€identify€the€Ô_ ÔdeclarantÔ_ ÔÐ ˜è  Ðwith€certainty,€and€provided€his€testimony€in€whole,€or€in€part,Ð „Ô  Ðcomports€with€the€other€rules€of€evidence.ððÐpÀ` x` x ÐòòState€v.€Reedóó,€845€S.W.2d€234,€238€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1992)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Ô_ ÔCokerÔ_ Ôóó,€746€S.W.2dÐ \¬ Ð167,€172€(Tenn.€1987));€òòÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XHIXXXHI×·#Ô€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€598€S.W.2d€209,€223€(Tenn.€1980).€€On€redirectÐ H˜ Ðexamination,€the€State€asked€Detective€Harrison€how€the€transcripts€were€prepared.€€DetectiveÐ 4„ ÐHarrison€replied,Ð  p Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWe€listened€to€the€original€tape.€€We€set€Alfredo€Shaw€and€AgentÐ  \ ÐButler€down,€and€they€listened€to€the€original€tapes€and€got€with€theÐ øH Ðother€agent€or€secretary,€and€they€began€to€go€through€the€tape€andÐ ä4 Ðtype€down€what€was€said€on€the€tapes.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐDetective€Harrison€then€proceeded€to€read€the€contents€of€the€transcripts€to€the€jury.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€following€colloquy€occurred€on€Ô_ ÔrecrossÔ_ Ô„examination:Ð ”ä Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAppellant:€We,€sitting€here,€donððt€have€any€way€of€knowing€whatÐ €Ð Ðyouððve€got€in€front€of€you€is€actually€what€this€impartial€transcriptionÐ l¼ Ðperson€would€have€written€down,€do€we?ÐX ¨` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àDetective€Harrison:€You€could€play€the€tape.Ð0"€ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAppellant:€If€we€play€the€tape,€thatððs€actually€a€reflection€of€whatÐ $X" Ðhappened;€correct?Ðô$D #` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àDetective€Harrison:€Thatððs€correct.ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐDetective€Harrison€further€asserted€that€he€was€present€for€the€transcription€of€all€three€audio€tapes.€Ð ¸'#& ÐAgent€Butler€earlier€testified€that€the€audio€tapes€accurately€reflected€the€events€in€question.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐHowever,€although€Detective€Harrison€monitored€the€transactions,€he€did€not€testify€that€heÐ )à$( Ðpersonally€compared€the€audio€tapes€to€the€transcripts€to€verify€their€accuracy.€€Accordingly,€becauseÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€State€failed€to€properly€lay€a€foundation€for€the€admission€of€the€evidence,€the€trial€court€shouldÐ h+¸&* Ðnot€have€allowed€the€transcripts€into€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cameronóó,€909€S.W.2d€836,€850€(Tenn.Ð ° ÐÔ_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Robert€Baconóó,€No.€03C01„9608„CR„00308,€1998€Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.Ð œì ÐLEXIS€31,€at€*33€(Knoxville,€Jan.€8,€1998).€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àMoreover,€ð ð[Ô_ Ôi]tÔ_ Ô€is€well„settled€in€Tennessee€that€a€transcript€of€a€tape€may€be€givenÐ `° Ðto€a€jury€where€the€jury€is€instructed€that€the€tape,€and€not€the€transcript€is€the€actual€evidence.ðð€€òòStateÐ L œ Ðv.€Barnardóó,€899€S.W.2d€617,€623„24€(Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€1994);€òòÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XHIXXXHInÃ#Ô€òòState€v.€Ô_ ÔBawanaÔ_ Ô€M.€Carteróó,Ð 8 ˆ ÐNo.€02C01„9808„CC„00253,€1999€Tenn.€Ô_ ÔCrimÔ_ Ô.€App.€LEXIS€808,€at€*10€(Jackson,€Aug.€9,€1999)Ð $ t Ð(stating€that€ð ða€trial€judge€should€offer€a€cautionary€instruction€to€the€jury€instructing€the€jurors€thatÐ  ` Ðthe€transcript€is€merely€to€aid€them€in€consideration€of€the€evidence€of€the€recording€itselfðð).€€WeÐ ü L  Ðnote€that€the€appellant€is€correct€that,€upon€the€admission€of€the€transcripts,€the€better€practice€wasÐ è 8  Ðfor€the€trial€court€to€instruct€the€jury€that€the€audio€tapes€themselves€were€the€evidence€to€beÐ Ô$  Ðconsidered,€not€the€transcripts.׃#×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àHowever,€we€conclude€that,€although€the€trial€court€erred,€the€errors€were€harmless.€Ð ˜è  ÐThe€transcripts€contained€no€information€which€was€not€related€at€trial,€in€detail,€by€Agent€ButlerÐ „Ô  Ðand€Shaw.€€The€transcript€of€the€January€22,€1997,€transaction€did€not€attribute€any€speech€to€theÐ pÀ Ðappellant.€€Moreover,€the€appellant€thoroughly€cross„examined€Detective€Harrison€and€was€able€toÐ \¬ Ðelicit€from€the€witness€that€the€audio€tapes€themselves€more€accurately€reflected€the€events€inÐ H˜ Ðquestion.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà@MM"ìàòòò òÔ‡XHIXXXHIÔIII.€€ConclusionÔ#†XHIXXXHIÈÉ#Ôóóó óˆÐ  \ Ðà  àà ` àFinding€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€à Ð àÐ øH ÐÌà  àà ` àÌÌÌà  àà ` àÌÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð #l! Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€Ô_ ÔMcGEEÔ_ Ô€OGLE,€JUDGEÐ $X" ÐÌÌÐ Ì&"% ЇÌÌÌÌÌÌ