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dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Glenn€C.€Summers,€was€convicted€of€first€degree€murder€and€sentenced€to€lifeÐ xÈ  Ðimprisonment.€€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€presents€two€issues€for€review:€(1)€that€he€establishedÐ d´ Ðthe€affirmative€defense€of€insanity€and€(2)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€providing€an€irrelevantÐ P  Ðdefinition€of€"intentional"€in€its€jury€instructions.€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð <Œ ÐÓäÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Ø}»àX˜ µ#ÔÔ‡X˜ X.¼Ø}ÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòNormaÐ ì< ÐMcGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ø( ÐÌStephen€M.€Wallace,€District€Public€Defender€(at€trial),€and€Steve€McEwen,€Mountain€City,Ð ° ÐTennessee€(on€appeal),€for€the€appellant,€Glenn€C.€Summers.Ð œì ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Brent€C.€Cherry,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€andÐ tÄ ÐJ.€Lewis€Combs,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð `° ÐÓ2ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Ø}»XX˜ a#ÔÔ‡X˜ X»¼Ø}ÔÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Ø}»XX˜ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X˜ X»¼Ø}Ôà  àOn€December€20,€2000,€the€defendant,€while€in€a€corridor€outside€the€victim's€apartment€inÐ #`" ÐBristol,€stabbed€to€death€the€victim,€Carter€Ball.€€The€victim€suffered€forty„nine€stab€wounds€and€hisÐ ü#L# Ðtongue€was€cut€out.€€In€the€days€before€the€murder,€the€victim€had€complained€that€the€defendant,Ð è$8 $ Ðwho€lived€in€the€apartment€next€door,€was€noisy€at€night.€€Pursuant€to€the€complaint,€the€landlord,Ð Ô%$!% ÐShelby€Hopkins,€asked€the€defendant€to€be€quieter€and€the€defendant€apologized€to€her.€€During€theirÐ À&"& Ðconversation,€Ms.€Hopkins€noticed€that€the€defendant's€apartment,€usually€very€neat,€was€in€a€stateÐ ¬'ü"' Ðof€disarray.Ð ˜(è#( ÐÌà  àOn€the€following€morning,€the€victim€again€complained€about€the€noise.€€As€Ms.€HopkinsÐ p*À%* Ðwent€to€the€defendant's€apartment,€she€met€him€in€the€hall.€€According€to€Ms.€Hopkins,€the€defendantÐ \+¬&+ Ðwas€repeating€to€himself,€"Where's€he€at,€where's€he€at."€€When€asked€what€was€wrong,€the€defendantÐ H,˜', Ðlooked€out€the€window€and€asked,€"Is€them€old€big€carp€still€out€there?"€€Ms.€Hopkins€recalled€thatÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ôthe€defendant€"looked€at€the€door€[to€the€victim's]€apartment€real€strange."€€She€described€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€and€victim€as€good€friends,€not€having€expressed€any€animosity€toward€one€another€untilÐ œì Ða€few€days€before€the€stabbing.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àOn€the€evening€of€the€offense,€Ms.€Hopkins€heard€the€sounds€of€a€struggle€coming€from€theÐ `° Ðcommon€hallway€outside€of€the€apartments.€€After€hurriedly€putting€on€her€clothes,€she€found€theÐ L œ Ðvictim€lying€on€his€back€in€the€doorway€of€his€apartment.€€The€defendant€was€seated€on€top€of€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðvictim.€€When€Ms.€Hopkins€directed€the€defendant€to€"get€off,"€the€defendant€did€not€move.€€At€thatÐ $ t Ðpoint,€Ms.€Hopkins€saw€"the€knife€and€.€.€.€the€puddle€of€blood."€€Ms.€Hopkins€informed€theÐ  ` Ðdefendant€that€she€intended€to€call€the€police€and€he€responded,€"Call€them,€call€them."€TheÐ ü L  Ðdefendant€was€still€seated€on€top€of€the€victim€when€the€police€arrived€approximately€five€minutesÐ è 8  Ðlater.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àOfficer€Danny€Farmer€of€the€Bristol€Police€Department,€who€responded€to€Ms.€Hopkins'€call,Ð ¬ü  Ðordered€the€defendant€to€stand.€€A€knife€was€protruding€from€the€right€side€of€the€victim's€neck.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant,€who€was€covered€in€blood,€remarked,€"The€one€I€killed€was€Carter€Ball€the€draft€dodger."€Ð „Ô  ÐClaiming€that€he€was€a€general,€the€defendant€then€apologized€to€the€officer€for€causing€him€to€comeÐ pÀ Ðout€at€such€a€late€hour€and€asked€if€the€officer€"was€going€to€have€a€good€Christmas."€€The€defendantÐ \¬ Ðasked€about€an€NFL€football€game€and€requested€permission€to€look€at€Officer€Farmer's€dutyÐ H˜ Ðweapon.€€He€also€told€the€officer€that€his€shoes€were€not€well€shined.€€At€one€point,€the€defendantÐ 4„ Ðclaimed€that€the€victim€had€shot€at€him€but€could€not,€however,€provide€Officer€Farmer€with€theÐ  p Ðlocation€of€the€gun.€€Just€before€being€taken€to€the€jail,€the€defendant€began€to€sing,€"EverybodyÐ  \ Ðloves€somebody€sometimes€.€.€.€."€€Officer€Farmer€stated€that€he€did€not€finish€the€song€but€began€toÐ øH Ðsing,€"Do„da,€do„da,€do„da,"€before€falling€silent.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDetective€Matt€Austin€questioned€the€defendant€on€the€evening€of€the€murder.€€The€defendantÐ ¼  Ðclaimed€that€he€was€a€general€in€the€U.S.€Army€and€explained€that€he€had€killed€the€victim€becauseÐ ¨ø Ðhe€was€a€draft€dodger.€€After€obtaining€a€waiver€of€rights,€the€detective€asked€the€defendant€if€heÐ ”ä Ðpreferred€to€be€called€Mr.€Summers€or€General€Summers.€€The€defendant€laughed€and€said,€"Well,Ð €Ð Ðyou€know,€I'm€not€a€General,€you€can€call€me€Glenn."€€According€to€Detective€Austin,€the€defendantÐ l¼ Ðeventually€€admitted€that€he€did€not€kill€the€victim€because€he€was€a€draft€dodger.€€The€defendantÐ X ¨ Ðcontended€that€the€victim€had€been€"running€his€mouth,€telling€things€that€aren't€true."€€He€claimedÐ D!” Ðthat€the€victim€had€been€making€noise€at€night€which€kept€the€other€tenants€awake.€€The€defendantÐ 0"€  Ðinformed€the€detective€that€after€seeing€the€victim€in€the€hallway€holding€a€bundle€of€sticks,€heÐ #l! Ðreturned€to€his€apartment€and€got€a€knife.€€The€defendant€stated€that€when€he€confronted€the€victim,Ð $X" Ðthe€victim€swung€the€bundle€of€sticks€and€in€response,€he€stabbed€the€victim€in€the€ribs€whileÐ ô$D # Ðthrowing€him€to€the€floor.€€The€defendant€explained€that€he€continued€to€inflict€wounds€because€theÐ à%0!$ Ðvictim€attempted€to€take€his€knife€away.€€When€asked€why€he€had€cut€the€victim's€tongue€out,€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€responded€that€he€did€not€realize€that€he€had€done€so€but€"wished€he€would€have€becauseÐ ¸'#& Ðhe€was€mad€at€him."Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àDr.€Gretal€Harlan,€a€forensic€pathologist,€performed€the€autopsy.€€She€testified€that€the€causeÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€death€was€multiple€stab€wounds.€€She€determined€that€the€victim€suffered€a€total€of€forty„nine€stabÐ h+¸&* Ðwounds.€€There€were€twenty„two€cuts€to€the€face€and€tongue,€two€scrapes€to€the€face,€seven€sliceÐ ° Ðwounds€to€the€neck,€nine€superficial€wounds€to€the€left€belly€and€left€chest,€and€eight€defensiveÐ œì Ðwounds€to€both€arms€and€hands.€€It€was€Dr.€Harlan's€opinion€that€the€deepest€wound,€a€stab€woundÐ ˆØ Ðto€the€groin,€was€sufficient€alone€to€have€caused€death€within€twenty€minutes.€€She€indicated€that€theÐ tÄ Ðvictim€was€in€a€standing€position€when€this€wound€was€inflicted.€€Further,€the€nature€of€the€woundsÐ `° Ðestablished€that€the€murder€weapon€was€dull€and€that€the€victim's€hands€were€open€throughout€theÐ L œ Ðattack.€€Dr.€Harlan€classified€the€victim's€wounds€as€"overkill."€€She€estimated€that€the€stabbing€tookÐ 8 ˆ Ðbetween€eight€and€thirty€minutes.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àDr.€Charlton€Stanley,€a€psychologist,€testified€for€the€defense.€€He€reviewed€the€defendant'sÐ ü L  Ðmedical€records,€interviewed€the€defendant,€and€spoke€with€the€defendant's€friends.€€Dr.€StanleyÐ è 8  Ðexplained€that€he€conducted€only€one€test,€the€Rorshcach€Inkblot€Test,€in€evaluating€the€defendant'sÐ Ô$  Ðmental€health€because€the€defendant€was€too€distractable€to€perform€any€more€involved€testingÐ À  Ðprocedures.€€Dr.€Stanley€discovered€that€the€defendant€had€been€hospitalized€several€times€betweenÐ ¬ü  Ð1990€and€2000.€€Medical€records€established€that€in€1990,€the€defendant€had€showed€signs€ofÐ ˜è  Ðantisocial€personality€disorder,€paranoia,€and€delusional€disorder.€€After€an€emergency€commitmentÐ „Ô  Ðin€1995,€the€defendant€was€diagnosed€with€bipolar€disorder,€which€Dr.€Stanley€described€as€a€"realÐ pÀ Ðserious"€mental€illness.€€During€a€1997€hospitalization,€the€defendant€reported€auditoryÐ \¬ Ðhallucinations€and€was€diagnosed€with€bipolar€disorder,€schizoaffective€disorder,€and€alcoholÐ H˜ Ðdependence.€€Dr.€Stanley€described€schizoaffective€disorder€as€a€form€of€schizophrenia.€€In€aÐ 4„ Ðsubsequent€hospitalization,€the€defendant€was€diagnosed€with€schizoaffective€disorder€with€psychoticÐ  p Ðfeatures.€€The€defendant€was€hospitalized€in€July€of€1999€after€attacking€a€police€dispatcher€in€aÐ  \ Ðstore.€€At€that€time,€the€defendant€suffered€from€delusional€ideation€with€paranoid€symptoms€andÐ øH Ðdementia.€€In€April€of€2000,€the€defendant€was€diagnosed€with€paranoid€psychosis€disorder.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDr.€Stanley€testified€that€he€believed€the€defendant€to€be€psychotic.€€It€was€his€opinion€thatÐ ¼  Ðthe€defendant€suffered€from€paranoid€schizophrenia.€€The€doctor€stated€that€the€defendant's€behaviorÐ ¨ø Ðin€the€days€before€the€murder€indicated€that€he€was€decompensating€into€mental€illness€and€wasÐ ”ä Ðdelusional€at€the€time€of€the€murder,€believing€that€the€victim€had€been€hired€by€his€family€to€murderÐ €Ð Ðhim€and€steal€his€artwork.€€During€interviews,€the€defendant€claimed€that€his€artwork€was€pricelessÐ l¼ Ðbecause€he€had€studied€painting€with€Michelangelo.€€It€was€Dr.€Stanley's€opinion€that€the€defendantÐ X ¨ Ðknew€right€from€wrong€but,€because€of€paranoid€delusions€associated€with€his€mental€illness,€wasÐ D!” Ðunable€to€appreciate€that€killing€the€victim€was€wrong.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€earnestlyÐ 0"€  Ðbelieved€that€he€was€acting€in€self„defense€when€the€victim€lunged€at€him€with€a€bundle€of€sticks.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€Dr.€Stanley€acknowledged€that€the€defendant€appeared€logicalÐ ô$D # Ðduring€his€interview€with€Detective€Austin€but€explained€that€the€defendant€had€a€"flat€affect,"Ð à%0!$ Ðindicating€schizophrenia.€€Dr.€Stanley€described€a€"flat€affect"€as€expressing€no€emotion€at€all.€€HeÐ Ì&"% Ðalso€admitted€that€the€forensic€evidence€established€that€the€victim€had€not€attacked€the€defendantÐ ¸'#& Ðin€the€manner€that€the€defendant€had€alleged.€€Dr.€Stanley€agreed€that€it€was€possible€for€someoneÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwho€is€mentally€ill€to€malinger€and€that€the€defendant€had€an€incentive€to€make€his€mental€illnessÐ )à$( Ðappear€worse€than€it€really€was.€€He€conceded€that€the€defendant€was€an€alcoholic€and€that€he€abusedÐ |*Ì%) Ðmarijuana.Ð h+¸&* Їà  àDr.€James€Turnbull,€a€psychiatrist€and€Director€of€Medical€Affairs€at€Frontier€Health,€whichÐ ° Ðoperates€a€number€of€mental€health€facilities,€testified€as€a€rebuttal€witness€for€the€state.€€He€statedÐ œì Ðthat€he€had€evaluated€the€defendant€at€the€request€of€the€trial€court€to€determine€the€defendant'sÐ ˆØ Ðcompetence€to€stand€trial€and€to€ascertain€his€mental€state€at€the€time€of€the€murder.€€Dr.€TurnbullÐ tÄ Ðcontended€that€the€defendant€had€performed€very€well€on€an€intelligence€test,€which€indicates€thatÐ `° Ðhe€was€not€suffering€from€dementia.€€He€further€stated€that€the€defendant€cooperated€fully€with€theÐ L œ Ðevaluation€and€was€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€criminal€charge€and€the€possible€punishment.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐAccording€to€Dr.€Turnbull,€the€defendant€was€able€to€relate€his€mental€health€history€and€admittedÐ $ t Ðthat€some€of€his€hospitalizations€had€been€the€result€of€alcohol€abuse.€€He€described€the€defendantÐ  ` Ðas€"alert,€responsive,€[and€having]€displayed€a€full€range€of€affect€in€the€interview,"€claiming€that€heÐ ü L  Ðkilled€the€victim€in€self„defense.€€It€was€Dr.€Turnbull's€opinion€that€although€the€defendant€wasÐ è 8  Ð"suffering€from€a€mental€disease€he€was€still€able€to€appreciate€the€nature€and€wrongfulness€of€theÐ Ô$  Ðacts€constituting€the€offense."Ð À  ÐÌÓ  ÓIÐ ˜è  ÐÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€first€asserts€that€he€met€his€burden€to€establish€the€affirmative€defense€ofÐ „Ô  Ðinsanity€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€On€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÐ pÀ Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòStateÐ \¬ Ðv.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€to€beÐ H˜ Ðgiven€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€juryÐ 4„ Ðas€the€trier€of€fact.€€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€theÐ  p Ðsufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€theÐ  \ Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÐ øH Ðessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.Ð ä4 ÐWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,Ð Ð  Ðthe€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolvedÐ ¼  Ðby€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€Because€a€verdictÐ ¨ø Ðof€guilty€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convictedÐ ”ä Ðcriminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustainÐ €Ð Ða€guilty€verdict.€€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992).Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àAt€the€time€of€the€shootings,€first€degree€murder€was€defined€as€follows:Ð D!” ÐÌà8  àà ` à(a)€First€degree€murder€is:Ð#l!Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(1)€A€premeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another;Ð$X"Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(2)€A€killing€of€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€or€attempt€toÐ ô$D # Ðperpetrate€any€first€degree€murder,€arson,€rape,€robbery,€burglary,€theft,€kidnapping,Ð à%0!$ Ðaggravated€child€abuse,€aggravated€child€neglect€or€aircraft€piracy;€orÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(3)€A€killing€of€another€committed€as€the€result€of€the€unlawful€throwing,Ð ¸'#& Ðplacing€or€discharging€of€a€destructive€device€or€bomb.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)€(Supp.€2000).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àHere,€the€defense€concedes€that€the€defendant€stabbed€the€victim€to€death€but€argues€that€theÐ ° Ðproof€at€trial€established€that€because€of€his€mental€illness,€he€was€unable€to€appreciate€theÐ œì Ðwrongfulness€of€his€conduct€and€must,€therefore,€be€declared€not€guilty€by€reason€of€insanity.€€òòSeeóóÐ ˆØ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„501(a).€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„11„501(a)€provides€inÐ tÄ Ðpertinent€part€as€follows:Ð `° ÐÌà8  àà ` àIt€is€an€affirmative€defense€to€prosecution€that,€at€the€time€of€the€commissionÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€acts€constituting€the€offense,€the€defendant,€as€a€result€of€a€severe€mentalÐ $ t Ðdisease€or€defect,€was€unable€to€appreciate€the€nature€or€wrongfulness€of€suchÐ  ` Ðdefendant's€acts.€Mental€disease€or€defect€does€not€otherwise€constitute€a€defense.Ð ü L  ÐThe€defendant€has€the€burden€of€proving€the€defense€of€insanity€by€clear€andÐ è 8  Ðconvincing€evidence.€ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39-11-501(a).€€The€statute€places€the€burden€on€the€defendant€to€establishÐ ¬ü  Ðinsanity€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence;€the€state€is€not€required€to€prove€sanity.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ˜è  ÐHolderóó,€15€S.W.3d€905,€911€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€Ô‡X˜ XXX˜ Ô"Clear€and€convincing€evidence"€is€"evidenceÐ „Ô  Ðin€which€there€is€no€serious€or€substantial€doubt€about€the€correctness€of€the€conclusions€drawn€fromÐ pÀ Ðthe€evidence."€€òòId.óó€€Although€a€higher€standard€than€"preponderance€of€the€evidence,"€this€standardÐ \¬ Ðis€less€than€"beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòO'Daniel€v.€Messieróó,€905€S.W.2d€182,€188€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð H˜ Ð1995).Ô#†X˜ XXX˜ ¶H#ÔÐ 4„ ÐÌà  àRecently,€in€òòState€v.€Flakeóó,€88€S.W.3d€540,€554€(Tenn.€2002)€(òòFlakeóó€I),€our€supreme€courtÐ  \ Ðheld€that€"appellate€courts€in€Tennessee€should€apply€the€reasonableness€standard€when€reviewingÐ øH Ða€jury's€rejection€of€the€insanity€defense."€€Our€high€court€ruled€that€"appellate€courts€in€TennesseeÐ ä4 Ðshould€reverse€a€jury€verdict€rejecting€the€insanity€defense€only€if,€considering€the€evidence€in€theÐ Ð  Ðlight€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€no€reasonable€trier€of€fact€could€have€failed€to€find€that€theÐ ¼  Ðdefendant's€insanity€at€the€time€of€the€offense€was€established€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence."€Ð ¨ø ÐòòId.óó€€"A€reviewing€court€applying€the€reasonableness€standard€should€consider€all€the€evidence€in€theÐ ”ä Ðrecord€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state€in€determining€whether€the€jury€appropriately€rejectedÐ €Ð Ðthe€insanity€defense."€€òòId.óó€€Later,€in€òòState€v.€Flakeóó,€__€S.W.3d€__,€No.€W2001-00568-SC-R11-CDÐ l¼ Ð(Aug.€5,€2003)€(òòFlakeóó€II),€where€the€evidence€of€Flake's€insanity€was€even€more€compelling€than€inÐ X ¨ Ðthe€initial€proceeding,€our€supreme€court€concluded€that€the€jury€could€have€properly€found€that€theÐ D!” Ðdefendant€had€failed€to€establish€the€insanity€defense€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àIn€this€instance,€Dr.€Stanley€testified€extensively€regarding€the€defendant's€history€of€mentalÐ $X" Ðillness.€€It€was€his€opinion€that€the€defendant€was€a€paranoid€schizophrenic€operating€under€theÐ ô$D # Ðinsane€delusion€that€the€victim€was€trying€to€kill€him€at€the€time€of€the€murder.€€Dr.€StanleyÐ à%0!$ Ðexplained€that€while€the€defendant€knew€right€from€wrong,€he€was€unable€to€appreciate€that€it€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðwrong€to€kill€the€victim€because€of€his€delusion.€€He€further€believed€that€Ms.€Hopkins'€testimonyÐ ¸'#& Ðabout€the€defendant's€behavior€in€the€days€leading€up€to€the€shooting€was€evidence€of€the€defendant'sÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdecompensation€into€mental€illness.€€On€the€other€hand,€the€state€provided€evidence€through€theÐ )à$( Ðtestimony€of€Detective€Austin€that€the€defendant,€while€behaving€somewhat€strangely€immediatelyÐ |*Ì%) Ðafter€the€shooting,€provided€logical€answers€during€the€interview.€€In€addition,€the€defendant€claimedÐ h+¸&* Ðto€the€officer€that€he€was€not€insane,€acknowledging€that€the€stabbing€was€not€in€self„defense€but€inÐ ° Ðrelation€to€the€victim's€false€claims.€€Dr.€Turnbull€testified€that€the€defendant€was€not€insane,€havingÐ œì Ðperformed€well€on€an€intelligence€test,€indicating€that€he€was€not€suffering€from€dementia.€€A€juryÐ ˆØ Ðmight€have€inferred€that€the€victim's€wounds,€described€as€"overkill,"€militated€against€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant's€contention€that€he€acted€in€self„defense.Ð `° ÐÌà  àÔ‡X˜ XXX˜ ÔOur€supreme€court€has€held€that€when€determining€the€issue€of€insanity,€the€jury€mayÐ 8 ˆ Ðconsider€both€lay€and€expert€testimony€and€may€discount€expert€testimony€which€it€finds€to€be€inÐ $ t Ðconflict€with€the€facts€of€the€case.€€òòState€v.€Sparksóó,€891€S.W.2d€607,€616€(Tenn.€1995);€òòState€v.Ð  ` ÐJacksonóó,€890€S.W.2d€436,€440€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€jury€is€not€required€to€resolve€conflicts€betweenÐ ü L  Ðexpert€testimony€and€testimony€as€to€the€facts€of€the€case€in€favor€of€expert€testimony€and€mustÐ è 8  Ðdetermine€the€weight€and€credibility€of€each€in€light€of€all€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€case.€Ð Ô$  ÐòòEdwards€v.€Stateóó,€540€S.W.2d€641,€647€(Tenn.€1976).€€In€determining€the€defendant's€mental€statusÐ À  Ðat€the€time€of€the€crime,€the€jury€may€look€to€the€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€actions€and€words€atÐ ¬ü  Ðor€near€the€time€of€the€offense.€€òòSparksóó,€891€S.W.2d€at€616;€òòHumphreys€v.€Stateóó,€531€S.W.2d€127,Ð ˜è  Ð132€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975).€€Here€there€was€conflicting€testimony€about€the€defendant's€sanity.Ð „Ô  ÐÔ#†X˜ XXX˜ õV#ÔUnder€these€circumstances,€it€is€our€view€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€establish€that€no€reasonableÐ pÀ Ðtrier€of€fact€would€have€failed€to€find€that€his€insanity€at€the€time€of€the€offense€was€established€byÐ \¬ Ðclear€and€convincing€proof.€€òòSeeóó€òòFlakeóó,€88€S.W.3d€at€554.Ð H˜ ÐÌÓ  ÓIIÐ  p ÐÓ  Óà  àAs€his€final€issue,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€providing€an€irrelevantÐ  \ Ðdefinition€of€"intentional"€in€its€instruction€on€first€degree€murder.€€He€claims€that€by€providing€theÐ øH Ðnature„of„conduct€definition€of€intentional€in€addition€to€the€result„of„conduct€definition,€the€trialÐ ä4 Ðcourt€improperly€lessened€the€state's€burden€of€proof.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àTrial€courts€have€a€duty€"to€give€a€complete€charge€of€the€law€applicable€to€the€facts€of€aÐ ¨ø Ðcase."€€òòState€v.€Harbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€314,€319€(Tenn.€1986);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€30.€€"[The]Ð ”ä Ðdefendant€has€a€constitutional€right€to€a€correct€and€complete€charge€of€the€law."€€òòState€v.€Teelóó,€793Ð €Ð ÐS.W.2d€236,€249€(Tenn.€1990).€€Our€law€requires€that€all€of€the€elements€of€each€offense€beÐ l¼ Ðdescribed€and€defined€in€connection€with€that€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cravensóó,€764€S.W.2d€754,€756Ð X ¨ Ð(Tenn.€1989).€€Jury€instructions€must,€however,€be€reviewed€in€the€context€of€the€overall€chargeÐ D!” Ðrather€than€in€isolation.€€òòSeeóó€òòSandstrom€v.€Montanaóó,€442€U.S.€510€(1979);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Phippsóó,Ð 0"€  Ð883€S.W.2d€138,€142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€A€charge€is€prejudicial€error€"if€it€fails€to€fairlyÐ #l! Ðsubmit€the€legal€issues€or€if€it€misleads€the€jury€as€to€the€applicable€law."€€òòState€v.€Hodgesóó,€944Ð $X" ÐS.W.2d€346,€352€(Tenn.€1997).€€Any€omission€in€the€instructions€in€reference€to€an€element€of€theÐ ô$D # Ðoffense€which€might€lessen€the€burden€of€proof€placed€upon€the€state€is€constitutional€error€andÐ à%0!$ Ðrequires€a€new€trial€unless€the€error€is€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Walkeróó,€29Ð Ì&"% ÐS.W.3d€885,€893-94€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àIn€this€instance,€the€trial€court€provided€the€following€instructions€regarding€first€degreeÐ )à$( Ðâ âmurder:Ð |*Ì%) Ðà8  àFor€you€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€this€offense€the€State€must€have€provedÐ ° Ðâ âbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€existence€of€the€following€essential€elements:МìÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(1)€that€the€defendant€unlawfully€killed€the€alleged€victim,€Carter€Ball,€andЈØÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€that€the€defendant€acted€intentionally€andÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(3)€that€the€killing€was€premeditated.Ð`°Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àIntentionally€means€that€a€person€acts€intentionally€with€respect€to€the€natureÐ L œ Ðof€the€conduct€or€to€a€result€of€the€conduct€when€it€is€the€person's€conscious€objectiveÐ 8 ˆ Ðor€desire€to€engage€in€the€conduct€or€cause€the€result.€€A€premeditated€act€is€one€doneÐ $ t Ðafter€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€€Ð `Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àPremeditation€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€theÐ ü L  Ðact€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€preexist€in€the€mind€of€theÐ è 8  Ðaccused€for€any€definite€period€of€time.€€The€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€timeÐ Ô$  Ðhe€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€in€order€to€determineÐ À  Ðwhether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€beÐ ¬ü  Ðcapable€of€premeditation.€€If€the€design€to€kill€was€formed€with€premeditation,€it€isÐ ˜è  Ðimmaterial€that€the€accused€may€have€been€in€a€state€of€passion€or€excitement€whenÐ „Ô  Ðthe€design€was€carried€into€effect.€€ÐpÀÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àFurthermore,€premeditation€can€be€found€if€the€decision€to€kill€is€first€formedÐ \¬ Ðduring€the€heat€of€passion€but€the€accused€commits€the€act€after€the€passion€hasÐ H˜ Ðsubsided.Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Pageóó,€81€S.W.3d€781€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2002),€a€panel€of€this€court€held€thatÐ  \ Ðbecause€second€degree€murder€is€a€result„of„conduct€offense,€the€trial€court€erred€by€including€theÐ øH Ðnature„of„conduct€and€nature„of„circumstances׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€definitions€of€knowingly.€€Further,€the€panelÐ ä4 Ðdetermined€that€the€error€could€not€be€classified€as€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€because€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendant's€mental€state€was€a€contested€issue€at€trial.€€òòId.óó€at€789„90.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àAs€indicated,€the€defendant€in€this€case€was€convicted€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder,Ð ”ä Ðwhich€requires€a€specific€finding€that€the€defendant€acted€intentionally.€€In€òòState€v.€Antoinette€Hillóó,€Ð €Ð ÐNo.€E2001„02524„CCA„R3„CD€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€Dec.€13,€2002),€the€defendant,€whoÐ l¼ Ðwas€convicted€of€first€degree€murder,€complained€that€the€trial€court€had€erred€by€providing€theÐ X ¨ Ðnature„of„conduct€definition€of€intentionallyòòóó.€€This€court€determined€that€the€trial€court€should€notÐ D!” Ðhave€recited€the€nature„of„conduct€definition€of€intentional€because€first€degree€premeditated€murder,Ð 0"€  Ðlike€second€degree€murder,€is€a€result„of„conduct€offense.€€The€panel€ruled,€however,€that€becauseÐ #l! Ðthe€defendant€had€been€convicted€of€first€degree€murder,€which€requires€a€finding€that€the€defendantÐ $X" Ðacted€with€premeditation,€the€error€could€be€classified€as€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòId.óó,Ð ô$D # Ðslip€op.€at€6.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àBy€its€verdict,€the€jury€in€this€instance€concluded€that€the€defendant€acted€with€premeditation,Ð ¸'#& Ðthat€is€to€say€that€he€displayed€a€previously€formed€design€or€intent€to€kill.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844Ð ¤(ô#' ÐS.W.2d€144,€147€(Tenn.€1992);€òòAntoinette€Hillóó,€slip€op.€at€6.€€Implicit€in€a€finding€of€premeditationÐ ° Ðis€that€it€was€the€defendant's€desire€to€cause€the€result€of€his€conduct,€i.e.,€the€death€of€the€victim.€Ð œì ÐBecause€the€jury€determined€that€the€defendant€acted€with€the€design€to€kill,€it€is€our€view€that€theÐ ˆØ Ðinclusion€of€the€nature„of„conduct€definition€of€intentional€would€be€harmless€beyond€a€reasonableÐ tÄ Ðdoubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòAntoinette€Hillóó,€slip€op.€at€6.Ð `° ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð è 8  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE