ÿWPC+ ”št¬ˆ`–ûûA n½«×ÍÛí6T$ŠÁ5}eÞåÕ4ì@°þ#ùSªžV=‚ܹÀàö@ØEªzË;¾Í¥û#}³×®™w~ijnU)5#ß3ÔÒ-óø·€Ë»Üx)÷Ú¾^½TŠˆè[«}”Òk‰xFÝC†íÄò½wÊ:¥ÙÑ õ|:ÔŠÎìû±üq“pH=W¸8}ôÕÆOÚM£ý· ”E€Ê§½]õÍ­k„v Ó¤Û½ú[ Ýî=QX¦b+p47ç+.ÀrGÕ!SwÙÏp”%›RPoyjÀÚ6Ò´¸ Fû²€¡GLïk|Ä\¿"ÂpS7zµiª˜OÉe´!]ÇšŠPâf–/Æ´ªYó´¿ËŒ·)ˆ×‰MÀ?;– R¹†üôZÿ¼¤Å–2óèºàë È=¥žÚ*‰CÝ –y?‰XTÚÞ ÜbxÁ“à mWŽø¼JkúÈÕ_üwS¬ùs=2´vO(ꜚBˆ©àAÖœ#¿ŒE¡tsü>ÒÂ¥×ñã€k“p(õu3A7Ó ~î¬FìY¾1¶úü×Ú½¤Åþ•²ú®Aû˜$êÇfkÊâ~5…²RþsÉ…U.F %t bz ë~ >i þ§¥n­µb 0(jU:’w¸Ì4„£˜ 0™; 0 DÔU:£R£õ¤˜£<ëßGÊoU:€êºU:¤êÞU:ÈÈÈÈÈ Bu D3”#”#”# 0DÇ#Ç#Ç#Ç#ë $U:ö'ö'ö'ö'@0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0( AOp)Æ¿)¿) 0D…* D/É* Bø*<þ6X9`(CourierX ù áÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€claims€the€trial€court€applied€only€enhancement€factor€(9).€Ð `  ÐFurther,€he€claims€that€the€trial€court€found€two€additional€mitigating€factors,€lackÏof€a€significant€prior€criminal€history€and€a€substantial€chance€at€rehabilitation.€ÏThe€trial€court's€findings€do€not€bear€out€the€defendant's€assertions€in€this€regard.€ÏMoreover,€the€record€clearly€supports€the€trial€court's€non„application€of€the€twoÏadditional€mitigating€factors.€€This€young€defendant€already€had€a€history€ofÏassault€and€two€separate€incidents€of€drug€possession.€€Both€are€serious€crimesÏin€the€eyes€of€this€court.€€Further,€we€see€no€substantial€prospect€of€rehabilitationÏfor€this€defendant;€he€is€already€experienced€well€beyond€his€years€in€theÏcriminal€justice€system€and€was€willing€to€take€the€life€of€another€young€personÏover€nothing€more€than€water€to€wash€his€car. 4Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAdditionally,€the€trial€court€minimized€any€arguable€prejudice€to€theÐ `  Ðdefendant€by€allowing€defense€counsel€time€to€interview€Ms.€McElrath€before€sheÏwas€called€to€the€stand.€€ ôÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€details€of€this€conversation€were€actually€elicited€by€the€defenseÐ `  Ðduring€cross„examination€of€Ms.€McElrath.3|x «<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regularãä{åæEçèDéDêëDìíDîïDðDñôõö÷DøDùúDûDüýDþÿU/eÓ€ uM% ™Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€(1997).(I(2$$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X9ÞXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ™Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9)€(1997). ™Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(6)€(1997). šÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(10)€(1997). ™Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8)€(1997). áÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€claims€the€trial€court€applied€only€enhancement€factor€(9).€Ð `  ÐFurther,€he€claims€that€the€trial€court€found€two€additional€mitigating€factors,€lackÏof€a€significant€prior€criminal€history€and€a€substantial€chance€at€rehabilitation.€ÏThe€trial€court's€findings€do€not€bear€out€the€defendant's€assertions€in€this€regard.€ÏMoreover,€the€record€clearly€supports€the€trial€court's€non„application€of€the€twoÏadditional€mitigating€factors.€€This€young€defendant€already€had€a€history€ofÏassault€and€two€separate€incidents€of€drug€possession.€€Both€are€serious€crimesÏin€the€eyes€of€this€court.€€Further,€we€see€no€substantial€prospect€of€rehabilitationÏfor€this€defendant;€he€is€already€experienced€well€beyond€his€years€in€theÏcriminal€justice€system€and€was€willing€to€take€the€life€of€another€young€personÏover€nothing€more€than€water€to€wash€his€car. =Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýò òFYI€„€Sentencing€was€not€raised€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€TheÐ `  ÐMNT€and€sentencing€hearing€were€done€the€same€day,€with€sentencingÏbeing€done€1st,€then€the€hearing€on€the€MNT.€€ó ó eÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýò òWhat€do€you€think?€€This€is€in€contravention€to€your€"public€policy"Ð `  Ðof€having€criminals€assist€the€authorities.€€There€are€also€numerous€casesÏapplying€either€factor€(10)€or€(13)€where€a€defendant€turned€himself€in.€€ó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular àÔ€X9ÞXXXÔÔ€SVXX9ÞÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X9ÞXSVÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€30,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular àÔ€X9ÞXXXÔÔ€SVXX9ÞÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X9ÞXSVÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€29,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d kÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýò òThe€state€claims€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€factor€(20),€thatÐ `  Ðthe€defendant€committed€a€delinquent€act€as€a€juvenile€which€would€haveÏbeen€a€felony€if€committed€by€an€adult.€€The€state€claims€he€was€convictedÏof€cocaine€poss.€for€resale€as€an€adult€but€he€committed€the€offense€priorÏto€his€18th€birthday.€€(I€presume€they're€calculating€this€on€the€arrest€date;Ïno€date€of€offense€is€specified.)€€I€calculate€his€arrest€date€as€being€òòafteróóÐ ° P Ðhis€18th€birthday.€€I€think€this€conviction€is€properly€considered€underÏfactor€(1),€previous€criminal€history.ÌÌà ` àHowever,€the€defendant€pleaded€guilty€as€a€juvenile€to€"possessionÏfor€resale."€€The€specific€drug€is€not€specified€in€PSR.€ó óÐ `  ÐÌò òà ` àI€haven't€addressed€this€in€the€text€because€it€only€furtherÐ @à  Ðcomplicates€things.€€The€state€is€not€arguing€that€the€sentence€imposedÏwas€improper;€it€presents€this€argument€in€defense€of€the€sentenceÏimposed.ó ó""""'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ý áÝ ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€2XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€claims€the€trial€court€applied€only€enhancement€factor€(9).€Ð `  ÐFurther,€he€claims€that€the€trial€court€found€two€additional€mitigating€factors,€lackÏof€a€significant€prior€criminal€history€and€a€substantial€chance€at€rehabilitation.€ÏThe€trial€court's€findings€do€not€bear€out€the€defendant's€assertions€in€this€regard.€ÏMoreover,€the€record€clearly€supports€the€trial€court's€non„application€of€the€twoÏadditional€mitigating€factors.€€This€young€defendant€already€has€a€history€ofÏassault€and€two€separate€incidents€of€drug€possession.€€Both€are€serious€crimesÏin€the€eyes€of€this€court.€€Further,€we€see€no€substantial€prospect€of€rehabilitationÏfor€this€defendant;€he€is€already€experienced€well€beyond€his€years€in€theÏcriminal€justice€system€and€was€willing€to€take€the€life€of€another€young€personÏover€nothing€more€than€water€to€wash€his€car.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular 6Ý ƒä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XO XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWhile€a€defendant€is€constitutionally€privileged€not€to€incriminate€himself,Ð `  Ðhe€is€not€privileged€to€have€his€sentence€mitigated€based€upon€the€exercise€ofÏconstitutional€rights.€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÝ  Ýññ›ññññ›ññÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ XÂDXXXÔÑ7€ ÂD XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñññœñññ ñññßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈf ` 8ttxP` ð  rßñññ ññ ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈf ` 8ttxP` ð  rßñ ñññ›ññÌÑ€Ñò òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ P ð ÐÌ€à@@@'àAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ 0 Ð ÐÌà@77%àJUNE€1998€SESSIONó óˆÐ ° ÐÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€à À àà  àó ó)Ð Ðp  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ À`  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9708„CR„00367Ð °P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àDavidson€Countyà x àÐ 0  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìò òMICHAEL€M.€TAYLOR,à h àà À àó óà  à)à p àHon.€J.€Randall€Wyatt,€Judge€ò òÐ p Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)à p à(Second€Degree€Murder)Ð Pð Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ @à Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð à€ ÐÌò òMONTE€D.€WATKINSà h àà À àà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ À!` Ðó óAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ °"P Ð176€Second€Ave.€N.,€Ste.€300ÌNashville,€TN€€37201à h àà À àà  àà p àò òLISA€A.€NAYLORó óÐ $0 Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àCounsel€for€the€StateÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òà À àà  àà p àó ó425€Fifth€Ave.€N.,€2d€Floorò òÐ p& Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð `'  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,€IIIó óÐ @)à" Ðò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ 0*Ð # ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òLILA€STATOMÐ ,°"% Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ - #& Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWashington€Square,€Ste.€500Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à222€Second€Ave.€N.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌò òÌOPINION€FILED:________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEó óÐ @8à.2 ÐÐ  09Ð/3ÿ Ðà@qq*àò òòòOPINIONó óóóˆÐ `  ÐÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Michael€M.€Taylor,€appeals€from€the€conviction€ofÏsecond€degree€murder€he€received€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court€for€theÏkilling€of€Tuesdai€Hayes.€€Taylor€is€presently€serving€a€23„year€sentence€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.€€In€this€direct€appeal,€he€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence,€the€court's€admission€of€rebuttal€testimony€of€anÏunsequestered€witness,€and€the€length€of€the€sentence€imposed.€€After€reviewingÏthe€record€and€the€parties'€briefs€and€having€heard€oral€arguments€on€the€issues,Ïwe€find€no€error€in€the€proceedings€below€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAccording€to€the€state's€evidence,€on€December€29,€1995,€21„year„oldÏTuesdai€Hayes€went€to€Gladys€Baldwin's€house€to€use€Ms.€Baldwin's€telephone.€ÏMs.€Hayes€arrived€shortly€after€noon.€€The€defendant,€whom€Ms.€Baldwin€knew€asÏa€neighbor€named€"Mike„Mike,"€arrived€thereafter€and€spoke€with€Ms.€Hayes.€€Ms.ÏBaldwin€could€not€hear€the€conversation€between€the€defendant€and€Ms.€HayesÏalthough€she€observed€that€its€tone€sounded€friendly.€€The€defendant€left,€and€Ms.ÏBaldwin€and€one€of€her€children€went€into€a€bedroom€adjoining€the€living€room.€€TheÏdefendant€returned€and€asked€Ms.€Baldwin,€who€was€still€in€the€bedroom,€if€he€couldÏuse€her€water€to€wash€his€car.€€Ms.€Baldwin€refused.€€The€defendant€then€turned€toÏMs.€Hayes€and€accused€her€of€having€something€to€do€with€Ms.€Baldwin's€refusalÏto€allow€him€to€wash€his€car.€€Ms.€Hayes€responded€that€the€defendant€should€washÏhis€car€at€his€own€home.€€The€defendant€told€Ms.€Hayes€to€stay€out€of€his€business.€ÏMs.€Hayes€told€the€defendant€he€could€get€his€gun€and€said€she€had€one,€too.€ÏThree€to€four€seconds€later,€four€to€five€shots€rang€out.€€All€of€the€precedingÏstatements€and€the€gunshots€were€overheard€by€Ms.€Baldwin.€€After€the€shots€wereÏfired,€Tuesdai€Hayes€lay€fatally€wounded€in€a€chair€in€Ms.€Baldwin's€living€room.ÌÐ  :À04 Ðà ` àà ¸ àCharles€Baldwin,€who€was€ññœñññáñ16ñáññâñsixteenñâñññ›ññññññ€years€old,€had€been€outside€hisÏmother's€home€working€on€a€car€with€his€uncle,€a€neighbor€and€another€BaldwinÏchild.€€Mr.€Baldwin€had€seen€the€defendant€arrive€when€the€defendant€first€came€toÏthe€house.€Baldwin€left€for€a€time,€and€after€ññœññreturningñäñ€›ñäññãñ€hñãññæññåñrñåññæññçñe€ñçñheardññ›ññññññ€shots€and€sawÏsomeone€drive€away€who€looked€like€the€defendant€from€behind.€€This€person€wasÏwearing€the€same€coat€the€defendant€had€worn€earlier€that€day.€€Baldwin€had€notÏnoticed€ññœñññèñthe›€ñèñthisññ›ññññññ€person€arrive;€he€only€saw€him€leave.€€Baldwin€knew€the€defendant€asÏa€neighbor€called€Mike„Mike.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€ññœññBaldwinñéñ'ñéñsñêñððñêñññ›ññ€next„door€neighbor€saw€the€defendant,€whom€she€knewÏfrom€the€neighborhood,€at€the€Baldwin€home€two€times€on€December€29€prior€toÏhearing€the€gunshots.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àDoctor€Miles€Jones,€a€forensic€pathologist,€testified€that€the€victim€diedÏfrom€three€gunshot€wounds€to€the€head€and€one€to€the€arm.€€Any€one€of€the€threeÏshots€to€the€head€was€fatal.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àLaw€enforcement€officers€of€the€Metro€Police€Department€testified€thatÏthey€found€no€fingerprint€evidence€ññœñññëñor›€añëññìñand€noñìñññ›ññññññ€weapon.€€However,€the€eyewitnessÏaccounts€they€received€linked€the€defendant€and€his€vehicle€to€the€crime€scene.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€attempted€to€convince€the€jury€of€an€alibi€defense.€€TheÏdefendant's€girlfriend,€Keisha€Reed,€testified€that€the€defendant€was€at€her€houseÏat€the€time€of€the€crimes.€€The€defendant€arrived€about€12:15€p.m.€and€did€not€leaveÏuntil€3:00€or€3:15€p.m.€€Ms.€Reed€denied€knowing€that€the€defendant's€nickname€isÏMike„Mike.ÌÐ  :À04 Ðà ` àà ¸ àMs.€Reed's€father,€Larry€Reed,€testified€he€came€home€from€work€forÏlunch€on€December€29€and€saw€the€defendant€with€his€daughter.€€Mr.€ReedÏestimated€he€normally€gets€home€for€lunch€before€1:00€p.m.,€although€he€mightÏhave€arrived€later€on€December€29.€€The€defendant€was€behaving€in€his€usualÏmanner.ÌÌ€à ` àà ¸ àAs€rebuttal€evidence€to€the€testimony€of€Keisha€Reed,€the€stateÐ  @  Ðoffered€the€testimony€of€Carolyn€McElrath,€the€victim's€cousin.€€Ms.€McElrath€workedÏwith€Keisha€Reed€at€Checkers€Restaurant€in€1996€and€heard€Ms.€Reed€refer€to€herÏboyfriend€as€Mike„Mike.€€Ms.€McElrath€later€saw€the€defendant€at€the€restaurant€andÏasked€him€if€he€was€Mike„Mike,€which€he€acknowledged.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àFinally,€the€defendant€offered€the€surrebuttal€testimony€of€KeishaÏReed,€who€denied€ever€working€at€Checkers.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€had€been€indicted€for€first€degree€murder,€and€the€juryÏfound€him€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€of€second€degree€murder.€€He€faced€aÏsentence€of€15€to€25€years,€and€the€trial€court€imposed€a€23€year€sentence.€€FromÏthese€determinations,€the€defendant€has€filed€the€instant€appeal.ÌÌà@üü-àò òIó óˆÐ à.€%( Ðà ` àà ¸ àFirst,€the€defendant€alleges€the€convicting€evidence€is€insufficient€toÏsustain€a€finding€of€guilt€of€second€degree€murder.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWÔ‡XO XX XO Ôhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€anÐ `6-0 Ðappellate€courtððs€standard€of€review€is,€whether€after€considering€the€evidence€in€theÏlight€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÐ  :À04 Ðessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ð `  Ð443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2791„92€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2dÐ @ à Ð63,€67€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€ofÏguilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€directÏand€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð à€ ÐApp.€1990).€€€Ô#† XO XXXO Ð##ÔÐ À`  ÐÌÔ‡XO XX XO Ôà ` àà ¸ àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€should€notÐ €  Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779Ð ` Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð   Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€theÏtrier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2dÐ À!` Ð856,859€(1956);€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€OnÐ  #@ Ðthe€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€andÏlegitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571Ð @)à" ÐS.W.2d€at€835.Ô#† XO XXXO >'#ÔÐ  +À!$ ÐÌÔ‡XO XX XO Ôà ` àà ¸ àMoreover,€Ô#† XO XXXO Ä+#Ôa€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€byÐ à.€%( Ðcircumstantial€evidence.€€€€òòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973);€òòState€v.Ð À0`'* ÐJonesóó,€901€Ô‡XO XX XO ÔS.W.2dÔ#† XO XXXO ï,#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO Ô€393,€396€Ô#† XO XXXO 7-#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO Ô(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€19Ô#† XO XXXO ƒ-#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO Ô95);€òòState€v.€Lequireóó,€634€S.W.2dÐ  2@), Ð608€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€However,€before€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€aÏcriminal€offense€based€upon€circumstantial€evidence€alone,€the€facts€andÏcircumstances€"must€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonableÏhypothesis€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant."€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€478,€470Ð  :À04 ÐS.W.2d€610€(1971);€òòJonesóó,€901€Ô#† XO XXXO Ù-#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO ÔS.W.2dÔ#† XO XXXO Ò/#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO Ô€at€396.€€In€other€words,€"[a]€web€of€guiltÐ `  Ðmust€be€woven€around€the€defendant€from€which€he€cannot€escape€and€from€whichÏfacts€and€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonable€inference€save€theÏguilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòCrawfordóó,€470€S.W.2d€at€613;Ð   ÐòòState€v.€McAfeeóó,€737€S.W.2d€304,€305€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ð à€ ÐÔ#† XO XXXO 0#ÔÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€attacks€the€credibility€of€the€state's€witnesses€basedÏupon€inconsistencies€between€their€trial€testimony€and€pretrial€statements€andÏinconsistencies€between€witnesses.€€Further,€the€defendant€claims€the€evidenceÏfails€to€exclude€the€"obvious,€reasonable€hypothesis"€that€a€black€male€other€thanÏthe€defendant€came€into€the€Baldwin€home€and€shot€Ms.€Hayes.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€acknowledge€that€the€testimony€of€some€of€the€state's€witnessesÏcontained€inconsistencies.€€However,€it€was€the€duty€of€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€factÏto€weigh€the€evidence€and€pass€on€the€credibility€of€witnesses.€€Unfortunately€for€theÏdefendant,€the€jury€chose€to€believe€the€state's€witnesses€despite€theirÏinconsistencies€over€the€defense€witnesses€who€had€their€own€credibility€problems.€ÏÌà ` àà ¸ àFurthermore,€we€disagree€that€the€defendant's€theory€that€anotherÏblack€male€came€into€the€Baldwin€home€and€shot€the€victim€is€an€"obvious,Ïreasonable€hypothesis."€€On€the€facts€of€this€case,€it€is€no€more€than€fantasy.€€ThereÏwas€absolutely€no€evidence€of€a€black€male€resembling€the€defendant€being€insideÏor€near€the€Baldwin€home.€€Immediately€prior€to€arguing€with€and€shooting€theÏvictim,€the€defendant€asked€Ms.€Baldwin€if€he€could€use€her€water€to€wash€his€car.€ÏMs.€Baldwin€recognized€the€defendant€and€knew€his€voice.€€She€heard€theÏdefendant's€voice€arguing€with€the€victim€and€the€gunshots€that€followed.€€CharlesÏBaldwin€recognized€the€defendant's€jacket€on€the€person€who€left€the€scene€afterÐ  :À04 Ðthe€shots,€and€the€person€wearing€that€jacket€looked€like€the€defendant€from€behind.€ÏTheseÔ‡XO XX XO Ô€facts€and€circumstances€are€ññœñññíñof€›sufficient›€strength›€and›€cogenceñíññîñstrong€enoughñîñññ›ññññññ€to€exclude€every€reasonableÐ @ à Ðhypothesis€other€than€the€defendant's€guilt.€€òòCrawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€at€482,€470Ð  À ÐS.W.2d€at€612;€òòJonesóó,€901€Ô#† XO XXXO |8#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO ÔS.W.2dÔ#† XO XXXO û9#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO Ô€at€396.Ô#† XO XXXO C:#Ô€€Ð   ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àAccordingly,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€defendant'sÏsecond€degree€murder€conviction.ÌÌà@àà,àò òIIó óˆÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àIn€his€second€issue,€the€defendant€complains€about€the€rebuttalÏtestimony€of€Carolyn€McElrath.€€At€trial,€the€defendant€initially€objected€to€theÏtestimony€of€Ms.€McElrath€because€she€had€not€been€sequestered€during€the€state'sÏand€defendant's€cases„in„chief.€€The€trial€court€exercised€its€discretion€and€allowedÏthe€state€to€present€rebuttal€testimony€of€Ms.€McElrath€on€the€issue€of€whetherÏKeisha€Reed€had€referred€to€the€defendant€as€Mike„Mike.€€In€the€motion€for€newÏtrial,€the€defendant€alleged€the€testimony€of€Ms.€McElrath€was€admitted€"in€violationÏof€the€sequestration€rule."€€On€appeal,€however,€the€defendant€concedes€the€trialÏcourt€was€within€its€discretion€in€allowing€Ms.€McElrath€to€testify€about€having€heardÏMs.€Reed€refer€to€her€boyfriend€as€Mike„Mike;€however,€he€alleges€the€state€wentÏbeyond€permissible€bounds€by€eliciting€information€about€a€conversation€the€witnessÏhad€with€the€defendant€about€his€nickname.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Further,€he€alleges€the€trial€courtÐ à.€%( Ðfailed€to€take€corrective€action€once€this€testimony€was€elicited€by€giving€a€curativeÏinstruction€on€the€sequestration€rule.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àOur€review€of€the€record€leads€us€to€conclude€that€the€defendant€is€notÐ `6-0 Ðentitled€to€the€relief€he€has€requested€for€two€reasons.€€First,€he€failed€to€registerÏany€objection€at€trial€to€the€testimony€he€now€claims€was€erroneously€andÏprejudicially€admitted.€€He€also€failed€to€request€that€the€trial€court€give€theÏinstruction€he€claims€would€have€cured€the€alleged€error.€€Moreover,€he€failed€toÏbring€these€specific€complaints€to€the€trial€court's€attention€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€ÏThese€failures€constitute€a€waiver€of€the€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAlternatively,€even€if€the€defendant€had€not€waived€the€issue,€weÏwould€find€no€error.€€Rebuttal€evidence€is€that€which€tends€to€explain€or€controvertÏevidence€produced€by€an€adverse€party.€€òòCozzolino€v.€Stateóó,€584€S.W.2d€765,€768Ð @à Ð(Tenn.€1979).€€The€decision€to€admit€rebuttal€testimony€is€a€matter€of€discretion€forÏthe€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€795€S.W.2d€689,€695€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€InÐ   Ðconducting€appellate€review€of€the€trial€court's€decision,€we€will€not€reverse€it€absentÏa€showing€of€a€clear€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€828Ð À!` Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)€(citation€omitted).€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€defendant€offered€evidence€through€theÏtestimony€of€Keisha€Reed€that€to€her€knowledge,€the€defendant€was€not€known€asÏMike„Mike.€€The€rebuttal€testimony€of€Ms.€McElrath€was€offered€to€prove€that€Ms.ÏReed€was€aware€that€the€defendant€was€known€as€Mike„Mike€and€that€theÏdefendant€himself€acknowledged€his€nickname.€€We€see€no€abuse€of€discretion€inÏthe€admission€of€this€testimony.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€836€S.W.2d€600,€605Ð À0`'* Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)€(sanction€of€preventing€the€witness€from€testifying€is€aÏharsh€one€and€a€less€drastic€sanction€may€be€appropriate).€€Clearly,€the€evidenceÐ €4 +. Ðoffered€by€the€state€on€rebuttal€directly€controverted€the€defendant's€evidence.€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€disagree€with€the€defendant's€contention€that€he€is€entitled€to€aÏnew€trial€based€upon€the€absence€of€€a€jury€instruction€explaining€Rule€of€EvidenceÏ615€and€informing€the€jury€that€the€rebuttal€witness's€presence€in€the€courtroomÏprior€to€her€testimony€may€be€considered€in€assessing€her€testimony.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð À`  ÐDavid€P.€Hendricksóó,€No.€01C01„9407„CR„00255,€slip€op.€at€2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð  @  ÐNashville,€Mar.€14,€1995),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).€€The€defense€thoroughlyÐ €  Ðcross„examined€Ms.€McElrath€about€her€degree€of€kinship€to€the€victim,€herÏpresence€in€the€courtroom,€and€her€conversations€with€family€members€aboutÏmatters€pertaining€to€the€trial.€€An€instruction€would€have€added€little,€if€any,€furtherÏvalue.€€The€state€presented€strong€evidence€of€the€defendant's€guilt€from€severalÏindividuals.€€The€admission€of€the€rebuttal€testimony€affected€Ms.€Reed's€credibility;Ïhowever,€her€credibility€had€already€undergone€strenuous€attack€on€cross„¼examination.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€error€relative€to€the€rebuttalÏtestimony€of€Ms.€McElrath.ÌÌà@ÄÄ,àò òIIIó óˆÐ - #& Ðà ` àà ¸ àIn€his€final€issue,€the€defendant€attacks€the€length€of€his€23„yearÏsentence.ñïññßñ׃×ñßññïññïñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñïñ€€Ô‡XO XX XO ÔIn€determining€whether€the€trial€court€has€properly€sentenced€anÐ À0`'* Ðindividual,€this€court€engages€in€a€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€record€with€a€presumptionÐ  2@), Ðthat€the€trial€court's€determinations€were€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)Ï(1997).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€recordÏthat€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€conductingÐ  :À04 Ðour€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€must€consider€the€evidence€at€sentencing,€the€presentenceÐ `  Ðreport,€the€sentencing€principles,€the€arguments€of€counsel,€the€statements€of€theÏdefendant,€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€any€mitigating€andÏenhancement€factors,€and€the€defendantððs€amenability€to€rehabilitation.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„210(b),€40„35„103(5)€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168.€€Ô#† XO XXXO XN#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO ÔOn€appeal,Ð à€ Ðthe€appellant€has€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€imposed€is€improper.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€Sentencing€Comm'n€Comments€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,Ð  @  Ð823€S.W.2d€at€169.ÌÔ#† XO XXXO R#ÔÔ‡XO XX XO ÔÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€we€find€the€trial€courtððs€determination€is€entitled€toÏthe€presumption€of€correctness.ÌÌÔ#† XO XXXO ¬S#Ôà ` àà ¸ àThe€trial€court€enhanced€the€defendant's€sentence€based€upon€hisÐ à€ Ðprevious€record€of€criminal€conduct׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€his€employment€of€a€firearm€during€theÐ À!` Ðcommission€of€the€offense.׃€×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€ñðññßñ׃%8×ñßññðññðñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñðñ€€In€mitigation,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€defendant'sÐ  #@ Ðyouth€deprived€him€of€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€offense׃8×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€hisÐ €%  Ðmental€condition€significantly€reduced€his€culpability€for€the€offense.׃ð×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€ñññññœññññññññññ׃¨×ññññ׃¨×ññññññññ׃1¨×ñññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ññ›ññññññÐ `'  Їà ` àà ¸ àFirst,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€non„¼statutory€enhancement€factors.€€Namely,€he€alleges€the€trial€court€enhanced€hisÏsentence€based€upon€the€senselessness,€tragedy€and€violence€of€the€crime.€ÏFurther,€he€argues,€the€trial€court€announced€its€intent€not€to€depreciate€theÏseriousness€of€the€crime.€€We€interpret€the€trial€court's€comments€as€explicitÏacknowledgments€of€the€statutory€principles€and€considerations€of€sentencing,€notÏas€application€of€impermissible€enhancement€factors.ÌÌÔ‡XO XX XO Ôà ` àà ¸ àIn€support€of€this€argument,€the€defendant€advances€thatÐ ` Ðconsideration€of€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„210(b)(4)€(1997),€in€a€length„of„sentence€determination€renders€the€mitigatingÏand€enhancement€factors€meaningless€in€the€case€of€serious€felonies€becauseÏdescriptive€terms€such€as€senseless,€tragic€and€violent€are€almost€alwaysÏapplicable.€€The€comments€of€the€trial€court€in€the€case€at€bar€were€that€thisÏparticular€murder,€a€killing€over€water€to€wash€a€car,€was€an€especially€egregiousÏmurder.€€The€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense€are€relevant€to€the€properÏweight€to€be€afforded€the€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€in€a€length„of„¼sentence€determination;€therefore,€a€trial€court€may€appropriately€consider€them.€Ð @)à" ÐòòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€George€E.€Martin,€Jr.óó,€No.€02C01„9512„CC„00389,€slip€op.€at€14Ð  +À!$ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Aug.€18,€1997);€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€240Ð - #& Ð(Tenn.€1986).€Ô#† XO XXXO [#ÔÐ à.€%( ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àNext,€the€defendant€claims€the€trial€court€also€should€have€mitigatedÏhis€sentence€because€he€turned€himself€in€to€the€authorities,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€even€though€theÐ €4 +. Ðdefendant€did€not€ask€the€trial€court€to€apply€this€mitigating€factor€at€the€sentencingÐ `6-0 Ðhearing.€ññœñññôñ€We€find€no€error€in€the€trial€court's€decision€notñôññöñ€Any€error€the€trial€court€may€have€committed€in€declining€to€ñöññ÷ññõñ€ñõñ›€ñ÷ñapplyññ›ññññññ€thisÏfactor€ññœñññøñbecauseñøññùñis€inconsequential€because€the€factor€merits€little€weight.€€Theñùññúñ›€theñúñññ›ññññññ€evidence€of€theÏdefendant's€assistance€to€the€authorities€is€minimal.€€The€defendant€apparentlyÏsurrendered€only€after€his€name€had€been€broadcast€on€television€as€the€suspect.€ÏThe€authorities€had€already€discovered€the€crime€scene€and€its€attendant€evidenceÏwhen€the€defendant€came€forward.€€There€is€no€evidence€the€defendant€gave€aÏstatement€which€assisted€the€authorities€or€led€them€to€undiscovered€evidence.׃6×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р @  ÐFurthermore,€there€is€some€evidence€the€defendant€fled€from€the€neighborhoodÏwhere€the€crime€took€place€when€an€officer€looked€at€him€earlier€in€the€day.€€TheÏdefendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€that€ññœñññûñthe›€trial›€court›€erred›€in›€declining›€to›€apply›€this›€factor.ñûññüñ›ñüññûñ׃`×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñûññüñfactor€(10)€was€entitled€to€any€significantÏweight.ñüñññ›ññññññ€€ññœñññýñ€ñýñññ›ññññññññœññòòCfóó.ñññòòóóñññññ›ññ€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882€S.W.2d€410,€422€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(defendantÐ  À Ðnot€entitled€to€mitigation€under€factor€(9)€for€assisting€the€authorities€in€uncoveringÏoffenses€committed€by€other€persons€where€brief€statements€given€by€defendant€toÏlaw€enforcement€did€not€contain€new€information€and€defendant€recanted€portionsÏof€statements€during€his€testimony).€€òòBut€cfóó.€òòState€v.€Gilboyóó,€857€S.W.2d€884,€889Ð  #@ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(sentence€mitigated€because€defendant€assistedÏauthorities).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àSecond€degree€murder€is€a€Class€A€felony€with€a€sentencing€range€forÏRange€I€offenders€of€15€to€25€years.€€In€the€absence€of€mitigating€and€enhancementÏfactors,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€the€midpoint€for€a€Class€A€felony.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(1997).€€Where€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€areÏpresent,€the€trial€court€must€begin€at€the€presumptive€sentence,€enhance€accordingÏto€the€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€theÐ €4 +. Ðmitigating€factors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e)€(1997).€€With€theseÐ `  Ðprinciples€and€the€applicable€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€in€mind,€we€findÏthat€the€evidence€does€not€overcome€the€presumptive€correctness€of€the€23„yearÏsentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àFinding€no€error€in€the€proceedings€below,€we€affirm€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court.ÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌÌññœñññþñCONCUR:ñþñññ›ññññññÌññœñññÿñÌñÿñññ›ññññññññœñññÿñÌñÿñññ›ññññññÌ_____________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌR.€LEE€MOORE,€JR.,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ