ÿWPC VŠøÿ¾Ôb`©&mG®¨¿Œì\áñõ UÜ`Ž-ï}Å‚cÛÉf—Ÿ¬%úöñ1‹4ƒ…ßÿV¾f»1*£ç#žwãù0äUy—ZLVp~¬ò¸85R¿üþwÜä–êæÑ;]¹¬i™Ûò¯Î*&2Gxõ“»ú†éÉÛÑÊŒ'Wæ…‹¾ÊÆb ä´©ö<ëm<‰m–¡nˆŽ‚ñ©WFšlÈàëƒSUbºì<Ɖ8­ÔXÇïö© (2øróÿÃn~šP™láÀÈÖ<Ýø}C‰³Ö¹8ï[¶^*3ª)#ª¢ÐÜ轜vX~Ñn4ÅÛ–êk”HîZ`¡GkÖìV›IÅ­‘9Ó¼§ñ1¥ {ûù”Yþ=ûˆÑãáiW1ÏDüëŒiCT»­Žb %\^ b 0ˆnU)NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ U@‘ ÆÑ Æ— Æ] Æ#éNñññEóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóbõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ 0ëýýýý Bèè 0¤ D5© D-Þ 0K   ASVÆ© 0¤o 0D A«W»z’J+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularyG* ˜ùœ3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 - ù-(|G2¦ñ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€5»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¯-ò»»Ô d(|3?e$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€5»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?e$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€5»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€5»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼5»»»ÔÑ8€K¹XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îÄ5ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼5»îîÄ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€September€25,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XK¹X»¼5ÔÌò òÔ#†¼5»XXK¹ #ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€TERRY€JEROME€THOMASÔ‡XK¹X»¼5Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€224967€€€€€€Douglas€A.€Meyer,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„00431„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐOctober€10,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓFollowing€a€trial,€a€Hamilton€County€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€rape,€and€the€trial€courtÐ xÈ  Ðsentenced€him€to€ten€years€imprisonment.€€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€alleges€(1)€the€evidence€wasÐ d´ Ðinsufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction,€and€(2)€his€sentence€was€excessive.€€After€a€thorough€reviewÐ P  Ðof€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð <Œ ÐÓ³ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€AffirmedÔ#†¼5»XXK¹€#ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5Ôó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼5»àXK¹ù#ÔÔ‡XK¹X.¼5ÔJoe€G.€Riley,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ôóó€Ô#†¼5»XXK¹c#ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5Ôand€òòAlan€E.Ð ì< ÐGlenn,óó€JJ.,€joined.€€Ô#†¼5»XXK¹#ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5ÔÐ Ø( ÐÌLarry€J.€Campbell,€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Terry€Jerome€Thomas.Ð ° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Ô_ÔAngeleÔ_Ô€M.€Gregory,Ô#†¼5»XXK¹›#ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5Ô€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ô#†¼5»XXK¹½ #ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5ÔÐ ˆØ ÐWilliam€H.€Cox,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Dean€C.€Ferraro,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ tÄ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼5»XXK¹ #ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5Ô€Ô#†¼5»XXK¹ #ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5Ô€€Ð `° ÐÓ4ÓÌò òÌOPINIONó óÔ#†¼5»XXK¹X #ÔÔ‡XK¹X»¼5ÔÐ $"t! ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼5»XXK¹Ð #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XK¹X»¼5Ôà@¥¥(ìàò òFACTSó óˆÐ ü#L# ÐÌà  àThe€stateððs€proof€revealed€the€following.€€On€September€20,€1997,€the€victim€and€herÐ Ô%$!% Ðboyfriend,€Joshua€Santana,€went€to€the€home€of€Chris€Smith,€an€acquaintance€of€Santana,€where€theÐ À&"& Ðvictim€met€the€defendant€for€the€first€time.€€The€victim€and€Santana€left€the€residence€and€later€hadÐ ¬'ü"' Ðsexual€intercourse€in€the€vehicle.€€Thereafter,€Santana€used€a€white€shirt€that€was€in€the€vehicle'sÐ ˜(è#( Ðbackseat€to€wipe€off€his€ejaculation.€€Subsequently,€they€drove€to€Parkway€Billiards.€€Santana€phonedÐ „)Ô$) ÐSmith€and€requested€Smith€join€them,€and€shortly€thereafter€Smith€entered€with€the€defendant.€Ð p*À%* ÐWhile€Santana€played€billiards,€the€victim€talked€with€the€defendant.€€Ð \+¬&+ Ðâ âÐ H,˜',ý¢ ÐÔ_Ôà  àAt€approximately€12:45€a.m.,€the€victim€and€Santana€left€Parkway€Billiards€in€her€vehicle,Ð ° Ðâ âfollowing€Smith€and€the€defendant.€€They€began€arguing€concerning€the€victim's€desire€to€returnÐ œì Ðhome,€and€Santana€suddenly€exited€the€vehicle.€€In€an€effort€to€find€him,€the€victim€returned€to€theÐ ˆØ Ðstreet€fronting€Parkway€Billiards€where€she€saw€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€came€over€to€herÐ tÄ Ðvehicle;€she€informed€him€of€the€argument;€and€he€got€in€the€car.€€Then€they€stood€outside€her€carÐ `° Ðtalking€and€smoking.€€The€defendant€subsequently€began€ð ðmaking€advances€on€[her].ðð€€When€sheÐ L œ Ðexplained€she€was€not€interested,€he€continued€and€tried€to€kiss€her.€€When€she€requested€that€theyÐ 8 ˆ Ðgo€some€place€ð ðmore€public,ðð€the€defendant€pushed€up€her€dress€and€tried€to€force€apart€her€knees.€Ð $ t ÐAt€that€point,€another€vehicle€came€into€view;€the€defendant€backed€away;€and€she€attempted€to€flee.€Ð  ` ÐThe€victim€got€into€her€car,€but€she€was€unable€to€lock€the€doors€or€raise€her€windows€before€theÐ ü L  Ðdefendant€grabbed€her€ignition€key.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€ordered€her€out€of€her€vehicle,€but€she€refused.€€The€defendant€stated,€ð ð[i]f€youÐ À  Ðwant€to€take€this€public,€weððll€go€public,ðð€and€he€ordered€her€to€drive.€€While€she€was€driving,€theÐ ¬ü  Ðdefendant€grabbed€the€steering€wheel€and€placed€his€foot€on€the€gas€peddle,€essentially€driving€fromÐ ˜è  Ðthe€passenger€seat.€€He€guided€the€vehicle€in€an€alley€behind€an€abandoned€building€and€stopped€theÐ „Ô  Ðvehicle.€€The€victim€attempted€to€jump€from€the€car,€but€the€defendant€grabbed€her€neck€and€said,Ð pÀ Ðð ð[d]onððt€make€me€break€your€neck.ðð€€The€defendant€forced€her€dress€over€her€head,€and€the€victimÐ \¬ Ðstated,€ð ð[i]f€youððre€going€to€do€this,€please€just€use€a€condom.ðð€€The€defendant€inquired€if€she€hadÐ H˜ Ðone,€and€she€stated€ð ðno.ðð€€The€defendant€responded,€ð ð[w]ell,€I€guess€youððre€just€s„„t€out€of€luck.ðð€Ð 4„ ÐThen,€the€defendant€removed€the€victimððs€underwear,€performed€cunnilingus€on€her,€vaginally€rapedÐ  p Ðher,€and€ejaculated€on€her€face€and€chest,€wiping€himself€with€the€same€shirt€Santana€had€used.€€TheÐ  \ Ðdefendant€stated,€ð ðI€canððt€believe€I€just€raped€a€woman.ðð€Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€instructed€her€to€take€him€to€a€neighborhood,€which€she€did.€€Then,€sheÐ Ð  Ðproceeded€approximately€one€block€to€a€gas€station€that€she€knew€officers€frequented.€€There,€sheÐ ¼  Ðmet€Officer€Glen€Scruggs€who€testified€the€victim€was€hysterical,€crying,€and€shaking.€€SheÐ ¨ø Ðexplained€to€him€that€she€had€been€raped€by€an€individual€known€as€ð ðT„Money.ðð€€Officer€ScruggsÐ ”ä Ðtransported€the€victim€to€the€rape€crisis€center.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àDetective€Larry€Swafford,€of€the€major€crimes€division,€testified€the€victim€was€ð ðnearÐ X ¨ Ðhysteriaðð€when€he€saw€her.€€She€provided€him€with€the€defendantððs€general€description,€street€nameÐ D!” Ðð ðT„Money,ðð€and€first€name€ð ðTerry.ðð€€Swafford€further€stated€the€victimððs€vehicle€was€processed€forÐ 0"€  Ðevidence.€€Later,€Swafford€procured€a€photograph€of€the€defendant,€and€the€victim€identified€thisÐ #l! Ðphotograph€as€depicting€the€person€who€raped€her.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àMildred€Jeter,€a€sexual€assault€nurse€with€the€rape€crisis€center,€testified€she€detected€noÐ à%0!$ Ðphysical€injury€to€the€victim,€but€further€explained€it€was€common€for€there€to€be€no€detectable€injuryÐ Ì&"% Ðto€a€rape€victim.€€After€conducting€tests,€she€identified€the€presence€of€semen€on€the€victimððs€chestÐ ¸'#& Ðbut€none€in€her€vaginal€area.€€However,€she€submitted€swabs€to€the€TBI€for€more€extensive€testing.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àTBI€Agent€Sharon€Jenkins€testified€she€received€DNA€samples€from€Santana,€the€victim,€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€defendant,€which€she€tested€against€samples€collected€by€Jeter€and€law€enforcement€officers.€€SheÐ h+¸&* Ðdetected€DNA€from€semen€belonging€to€the€defendant€and€Santana€on€both€the€shirt€and€vaginalÐ ° Ðswab€collected€from€the€victim.Ð œì ÐÌÌà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ `° ÐÌò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹Ôà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€must€review€theÐ  ` Ðrecord€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€during€the€trial€was€sufficient€"to€support€the€findingsÐ ü L  Ðby€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€isÐ è 8  Ðapplicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence€or€aÐ Ô$  Ðcombination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,18€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð À  ÐApp.1996).€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ€à  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€theÐ „Ô  Ðevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€itsÐ pÀ Ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199Ð \¬ ÐTenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€theÐ H˜ Ðstate€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonableÐ 4„ Ðand€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€926,Ð  p Ð932€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.1995).Ð  \ ÐÌà  àBecause€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€aÐ ä4 Ðpresumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€court€of€illustrating€why€the€evidence€isÐ Ð  Ðinsufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914Ð ¼  Ð(Tenn.€1982).€€òòóó€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌò òB.€€Analysisó óÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€relevant€statute€defines€rape€as:Ð X ¨ ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Ò[u]nlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€the€defendant€or€of€the€defendant€by€aÐ 0"€  Ðvictim€accompanied€by€any€of€the€following€circumstances:Ð #l! ÐÌà ` à(1)€Force€or€coercion€is€used€to€accomplish€the€act;€[or]Ð ô$D # ÐÌà ` à(2)€The€sexual€penetration€is€accomplished€without€the€consent€of€the€victimÐ Ì&"% Ðand€the€defendant€knows€or€has€reason€to€know€at€the€time€of€the€penetration€that€theÐ ¸'#& Ðvictim€did€not€consent.€€Ð ¤(ô#' Ð.€.€.€.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÒ°3*ÒÒ°A*ÒÐ |*Ì%) ÐòòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„503.Ô#†XK¹XX XK¹~"#ÔÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹Ô€€Furthermore,€Ô#†XK¹XX XK¹ -#ÔÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹Ôð ððð[f]orceðð€means€compulsion€by€the€use€of€physicalÐ ° Ðâ âpower€or€violence€and€shall€be€broadly€construed.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39-11-106(a)(12).Ô#†XK¹XX XK¹^-#ÔÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹Ô€€Ô#†XK¹XX XK¹].#ÔÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹ÔÐ œì ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€forcibly€penetrated€her,€holding€her€throat€andÐ tÄ Ðthreatening€to€break€her€neck.€€The€testimony€of€the€victim€alone€is€sufficient€to€convict€a€defendantÐ `° Ðof€rape.€€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€48€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€òò(citingóó€òòMontgomery€v.Ð L œ ÐStateóó,€556€S.W.2d€559,€560€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977)).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÌà@¾¾#ìàò òII.€€SENTENCINGó óˆÐ ü L  ÐÌà  àThe€range€of€punishment€for€rape,€a€Class€B€felony,€as€a€Range€I€offender€is€not€less€thanÐ Ô$  Ðeight€years€nor€more€than€twelve€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(2).€€The€defendantÐ À  Ðcontends€his€sentence€was€erroneously€enhanced€to€ten€years€due€to€the€trial€courtððs€application€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðsentencing€enhancement€factor€(7)€(the€offense€involved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement).€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€WeÐ „Ô  Ðrespectfully€disagree.Ð pÀ ÐÔ#†XK¹XX XK¹¡.#ÔÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹ÔÓ  Óò òó óÌÓ  Óà  àThis€courtððs€review€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumptionÐ H˜ Ðof€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned€upon€anÐ 4„ Ðaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€judge€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ  p Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€543€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€applied€sentencing€enhancement€factors€(1)€(a€€previous€history€of€criminalÐ ä4 Ðconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range),Ð Ð  Ð(7)€(the€offense€involved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendant's€desire€for€pleasureÐ ¼  Ðor€excitement),€and€(8)€(the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€theÐ ¨ø Ðconditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community).€€òòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð ”ä Ð114(1),(7),(8).€€The€trial€court€applied€mitigating€factor€(13)€(any€other€factor€consistent€with€theÐ €Ð Ðpurposes€of€this€chapter),€regarding€the€defendantððs€remorse€and€desire€to€Ô#†XK¹XX XK¹¡3#ÔÔ‡ XK¹XXXK¹Ôtake€care€of€his€child.€€òòSeeóóÐ l¼ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àThe€presentence€report€reveals€the€defendant€had€prior€convictions€consisting€of€one€felonyÐ 0"€  Ðand€at€least€five€misdemeanors.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€factor€(1).€Ð #l! ÐFurthermore,€defendant€previously€violated€the€conditions€of€his€community€service€program€forÐ $X" Ðmisdemeanor€theft.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€factor€(8).€€The€defendant€does€notÐ ô$D # Ðchallenge€these€enhancement€factors.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àHowever,€the€defendant€challenges€the€application€of€enhancement€factor€(7).€€Our€supremeÐ ¸'#& Ðcourt€has€recently€stated:Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Ò[F]actor€(7)€may€be€applied€with€evidence€including,€but€not€limited€to,€sexuallyÐ |*Ì%) Ðexplicit€remarks€and€overt€sexual€displays€made€by€the€defendant,€such€as€fondlingÐ h+¸&* Ðor€kissing€a€victim€or€otherwise€behaving€in€a€sexual€manner,€or€remarks€or€behaviorÐ ° Ðdemonstrating€the€defendantððs€enjoyment€of€the€sheer€violence€of€the€rape.€€òòÐ œì ÐÒ°c<ÒÒ°U<ÒÌState€v.€Arnettóó,€49€S.W.3d€250,€262€(Tenn.€2001).€€The€victim€testified€the€defendant€madeÐ tÄ Ðð ðadvancesðð€toward€her€prior€to€the€rape,€including€attempts€to€kiss€her.€€Furthermore,€the€victimÐ `° Ðtestified€the€defendant€stated€he€enjoyed€her€resistence€during€the€rape.€€The€trial€court€properlyÐ L œ Ðapplied€this€enhancement€factor.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àWe€see€no€reason€to€disturb€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€€Ð  ` ÐÌÌà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€above€analysis,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð ¬ü  ÐÓ  ÓÌÌ€Ô#†XK¹XX XK¹9#Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð pÀ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE