ÿWPC7 ¡s»ýÆ{~~Qàu½g;ÛU­]³Å[¨ gRÇ#ð²6±×ø2f•J³Í]M³ùNfç»>佋/ùC¡b¶È ;ÖGxÍIc1Kå¦z/xL‰:г£$µâÏ*ra<îÃå’O¶ááãÒd”Ó<­‡“.ãå’º?¬2­ÇŠ‚NÂm:§$(´:Zàwl˜ô©¾d­¶ŽBfM‡ä¾è{Ýbõé}š»y3¢›ý«ò– ê›ÞhU$ëK)ö‘bð+ØJÍF¯)w¢_–¯§ý^WøpËT>3Z·Ææ*É™9Ÿ"’߉dÊúü ,‹€&NXd‚çOí{ˆUäùÉ>Å1‰> ŠÝÿÔD[Âáh/Ø1¬g?9ÌÄêëÒÎLsÏ] Œ¼æ•Kþ™-ˆ.Øßœé¸¹G)IÖžYMÔDNlsØ­þé=ÇåÜüY?b/%øÝì¶^–Ìñ°¾Ð|~Ú¯¯£™lÜvPÎO!Y¾3ôœp*Ø@²—Av-l£Â\àŒ·Âp38VýÃï-¼ÒhHßhVбL2Ì¡‰•ÿCùJÐ@®ùÓîªP…³Öï/§Óu$$]£¬EÃÇÁÄ;ÿK¯Í¸à^¯ÜÇb#Á\UN %k 0:q ^ « w· 4» Ï Þ mà z÷ Òq UNC Æ‘ ÆW Æ Æã 1©N6 728 1ujEß 72á 0c 0wv 1í-z 72§ 1Ù 72f 1˜ 72% 1W 72ä 1 72£ 1Õ 72b 1” 72! 1S 72à 1 72¡ 1Ó 72b 1” 72# 1U 72ä 1 72¥Ö×N­}¯ 0 D,ptˆ!(&Å+rÍ+Í+ï?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.u./././I£0£0£0£0£0£0£0 0 ©ì2ì2ì2ì2 B•3•3 0V²3 D34 D-;4 0Kh4h4 AS³4Æ5 0VÌ5 0D"6 A«f6˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ôf¨’+â yG*ü%¬3|x.ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 50ÖýCEMU]emu}AutoList1(a)(1)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à0¶ÝCEMU]emu}AutoList2(1)(A)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) #Ñ#€CXÿÿd#Ñ(1)(ÆÙCEMU]emu}AutoList3(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(ÖÙCEMU]emu}AutoList4(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(æÙCEMU]emu}AutoList5(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)!(1)0öÝCEMU]emu}AutoList6(1)(A)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)#(1)0ÞCEMU]emu}AutoList7(1)(A)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)%(1)(G CEMU]emu}AutoList8(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)'(a)(&ÚCEMU]emu}AutoList9(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))(1)0w9EGOW_gowAutoList10(a)(1)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)+(a)(‡EEGOW_gowAutoList11(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)-(a)0—9EGOW_gowAutoList12(a)(1)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)/(a)(‡%EGOW_gowAutoList13(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)1(A)(—%EGOW_gowAutoList14(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)3(A) ÌÝ ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€defendant€is€represented€by€different€counsel€on€appeal. sÝ ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€victimððs€testimony€on€direct€examination€as€to€the€March€1€incident€consists€of€two€pages€in€the€trialÐ ° Ðtranscript,€while€his€detailing€of€the€April€9€incident€consists€of€approximately€nineteen€pages.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó úÝ ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔBecause€the€defendant€has€presented€as€issues€on€appeal€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€consolidating€the€offensesÐ ° Ðfor€trial,€in€allowing€proof€of€other€offenses,€and€that€the€proof€was€insufficient€as€to€certain€elements,€we€have€set€out,Ð tÄ Ðboth€chronologically€and€in€detail,€argument€and€testimony€relevant€to€these€claims. Ý ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€refers€to€an€objection€made€by€defense€counsel€during€an€earlier€unrecorded€bench€conference,Ð ° Ðbut€it€is€unclear€when€this€objection€was€made.€€In€his€appellate€brief,€the€defendant€asserts,€apparently,€that€his€objectionÐ tÄ Ðas€to€testimony€regarding€prior€whippings€occurred€just€after€the€victim€had€testified€about€them.€€€ Ý ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€we€recognize€that€parties€often€make€informal€agreements€as€to€various€matters,€this€problem€withÐ ° Ðconsolidation€would€not€have€occurred€had€there€been€compliance€with€the€pretrial€motions€requirements€of€TennesseeÐ tÄ ÐRule€of€Criminal€Procedure€12(b)(5)€which,€in€referring€to€motions€that€ð ðmust€be€raised€prior€to€trial,ðð€including€motionsÐ 8ˆ Ðfor€consolidation,€has€been€interpreted€to€mean€ð ðsometime€earlier€than€ððthe€day€of€the€trial€when€the€jury€is€waiting€inÐ üL Ðthe€hall.ðððð€€òòSpicer€v.€Stateóó,€12€S.W.2d€438,€444€n.6€(Tenn.€2000)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Hamiltonóó,€628€S.W.2d€742,€744Ð À Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981)).€€As€did€the€court€in€òòSpiceróó,€we€will€not€address€the€effect€of€the€possible€tardiness€of€theÐ „Ô ÐStateððs€request€because€there€are€exceptions€to€this€rule,€because€the€issue€was€not€preserved€for€appeal,€and€because€theÐ H ˜ Ðparties€earlier€agreed€that€the€indictments€would€be€consolidated,€the€defendant€then€changing€his€mind€at€the€eleventhÐ  \ Ðhour. Ý ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMuch€of€the€defense€was€predicated€upon€the€fact€that€the€defendant€had€punished€his€stepson€on€previousÐ ° Ðoccasions,€including€whipping€him.€€On€the€morning€of€the€trial,€prior€to€jury€selection,€defense€counsel€advised€the€courtÐ tÄ Ðthat€ð ðthereððs€going€to€be€no€question€that€my€client€will€probably€testify€to€the€fact€that€he€did€whip€the€child€onÐ 8ˆ Ðoccasion.ðð€€During€voir€dire,€the€prospective€jurors€were€questioned€extensively€by€defense€counsel€as€to€their€beliefsÐ üL Ðregarding,€and€experiences€in,€spanking€children.€€During€his€direct€examination,€the€defendant€testified€at€length€aboutÐ À Ðhis€feelings€toward€the€victim€and€the€types€of€discipline€he€had€utilized€and€why.€€Given€all€of€this,€and€the€defenseððsÐ „Ô Ðattempting€to€put€the€April€9€incident€into€context,€it€is€difficult€to€conceive€how€the€defense€would€have€proceeded€ifÐ H ˜  Ðthere€had€been€no€proof€as€to€prior€whippings,€and€the€April€9€incident€had€been€viewed€in€isolation.€€To€do€so€wouldÐ ° Ðhave€been€antithetical€to€the€defense.€€  hÝ ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€trial€defense€counsel€asserts€that€ð ðprior€to€the€testimony€of€the€first€witnessðð€he€had€objected€toÐ ° Ðadmission€of€proof€of€prior€whippings,€and€neither€the€trial€court€nor€the€State€responded€to€this€claim,€we€are€unableÐ tÄ Ðto€locate€such€an€objection€in€the€record.€€It€may€be€that€counsel€was€characterizing€his€arguments€against€consolidationÐ 8ˆ Ðas€arguments€against€allowing€proof€of€prior€whippings. åÝ ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€indictment€for€this€incident€charged€both€defendants€with€aggravated€child€abuse. kÝ ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔCounsel€for€Annie€Toliver,€whose€client€was€named€in€only€the€April€9€indictment€after€the€dismissal€of€theÐ ° Ðother€indictments,€did€not€participate€in€the€arguments€on€the€motion€to€consolidate/sever. ?Ý ƒR5Æ$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSince€neither€the€State€nor€the€defendant€has€presented€argument€or€authorities€as€to€the€legal€effect,€if€any,Ð ° Ðof€defendantððs€counsel€first€agreeing€to€the€consolidation€of€four€indictments€but€then€objecting€to€the€joinder€of€two€andÐ tÄ Ðit€does€not€appear€to€have€been€a€factor€in€the€trial€courtððs€analysis,€we€will€not€make€it€the€basis€for€our€determination.Ð 8ˆ  Ð(:G25Æ$¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÛòXXÔ d(.3½Þ$££Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(.3½Þ$¢¢Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ€zãÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ‡¼dÜ»XXÔà@ttìàÔ#†X!X»¼dÜf#ÔÔ‡îp­îXX!ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†X!Xîîp­º#ÔÔ‡¼dÜ»XX!ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àSeptember€25,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ#†X!X»¼dÜ]#ÔÌò òÔ‡¼dÜ»XX!ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€ANDERSON€Ô_ÔTOLIVERÔ_ÔÔ#†X!X»¼dÜ #Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€223083,€223085€€€€€€€€€Stephen€M.€Ô_ÔBevilÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„00584„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€18,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  Óò òó óThe€defendant€was€convicted€in€two€indictments€of€aggravated€child€abuse€and€sentenced€toÐ xÈ  Ðconcurrent€nine„year€sentences.€€He€timely€appealed,€arguing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient,€thatÐ d´ Ðthe€trial€court€erred€in€consolidating€the€indictments,€in€permitting€evidence€as€to€other€similarÐ P  Ðoffenses,€and€in€not€properly€instructing€the€jury€as€to€various€matters,€including€lesser„includedÐ <Œ Ðoffenses.€€We€conclude€that€any€errors€in€this€regard€were€harmless.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€theÐ (x Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð d ÐÓÛÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Riley,€J.óó,€joined.€€òòJoseph€M.Ð Ä ÐÔ_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€filed€a€concurring€opinion.Ð ° ÐÌJerry€H.€Summers€(on€appeal)€and€Jerry€S.€Sloan€(at€trial),€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,Ð ˆØ ÐAnderson€Ô_ÔToliverÔ_Ô.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Ô_ÔAngeleÔ_Ô€Michele€Gregory,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ L œ ÐGeneral;€William€H.€Cox,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Ô_ÔKelliÔ_Ô€Black,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ 8!ˆ  ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓèÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÐ ü#L# ÐÌòòóóÓ  Óà  àIn€his€appeal,€the€defendant,€Anderson€Ô_ÔToliverÔ_Ô,€presents€the€following€issues:Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌÓ*°,XƒXm –X°œX*Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI.à0m ` x` xàThe€evidence€presented€was€insufficient€to€support€theÐ ¬'ü"' Ðconvictions.И(è#(m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àII.à0m ` x` xàThe€verdicts€were€contrary€to€the€weight€of€the€evidence,€andÐ p*À%* Ðthe€court,€sitting€as€the€thirteenth€juror,€should€set€them€aside.Ð\+¬&+m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIII.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€consolidating€the€indictments.Ð4-„(-m xm x ÐÑzãÑâ âÑ8€!XXdìdÈ8Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_ÔÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIV.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€testimony€as€to€prior€beatingsÐ œì Ðof€the€victim€by€the€defendant.ЈØm xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àV.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€gave€insufficient€cautionary€instructions€as€toÐ `° Ðthe€prior€beating[s].ÐL œm xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àVI.à0m ` x` xàThe€references€by€the€prosecutor€to€prior€beatings€by€theÐ $ t Ðdefendant€violated€his€rights€to€due€process€and€to€a€fair€trial.Ð `m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àVII.à0m ` x` xàThe€evidence€was€insufficient€to€show€that€the€extension€cordÐ è 8  Ðused€in€the€beatings€was€a€ð ðdeadly€weapon.ððÐÔ$ m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àVIII.à0m ` x` xàThe€evidence€as€to€the€March€1,€1998,€incident€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðinsufficient€to€constitute€aggravated€child€abuse.Иè m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIX.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€not€instructing€the€jury€as€to€self„Ð pÀ Ðdefense.Ð\¬m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àX.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€not€instructing€the€jury€as€to€the€weightÐ 4„ Ðto€be€given€character€evidence.Ð pm xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àXI.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€giving€preliminary€jury€instructionsÐ øH Ðwhich€were€not€repeated€at€the€conclusion€of€the€trial.Ðä4m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àXII.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€not€instructing€the€jury€as€to€criminalÐ ¼  Ðattempt€aggravated€child€abuse.Шøm xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àXIII.à0m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€not€instructing€the€jury€as€to€criminalÐ €Ð Ðattempt€child€abuse.Ðl¼m xm x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àXIV.à8m ` x` xàThe€trial€court€erred€in€not€instructing€the€jury€as€to€theÐ D!” Ðlesser„included€offense€of€assault.Ð0"€ m km k ÐÌÓ  Óò òòòBACKGROUNDó óóóÐ $X" ÐÌÓ’Óà  àThere€were€two€defendants€at€the€trial,€the€defendant€on€appeal,€Anderson€Toliver,€theÐ à%0!$ Ðstepfather€of€the€victim,€and€Annie€Toliver,€his€wife€and€the€victimððs€natural€mother.€€She€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðconvicted€of€a€lesser€offense€and€did€not€appeal.€€Therefore,€the€references€in€this€opinion€to€theÐ ¸'#& Ðð ðdefendantðð€are€to€Anderson€Toliver.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àIn€her€opening€statement,€the€prosecutor€began€almost€immediately€describing€a€pattern€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðabuse€of€the€victim€by€the€defendant:Ð h+¸&* Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€BLACK:€€ð ðThey€wonððt€do€anything€to€you€if€you€report€it,Ð ° Ðbecause€I€was€a€cop€in€Louisiana.ðð€€Those€were€the€words€thatÐ œì ÐGregory€heard€over€the€one€and€a€half€years€that€he€was€being€beatenÐ ˆØ Ðand€whipped€by€his€stepfather.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àIt€started€when€he€was€in€[the]€eighth€grade,€usually€occurredÐ L œ Ðevery€time€he€got€a€report€card€or€a€progress€report,€approximatelyÐ 8 ˆ Ðevery€six€to€nine€weeks.€€It€started€with€a€phone€cord.€€His€stepdadÐ $ t Ðwould€wear€a€weight€belt€on€his€hand€with€the€fingertips€missing€as€Ð  ` Ðhe€would€beat€Gregory€and€his€younger€brother.€€Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àFrom€the€phone€cord€it€went€to€an€extension€cord,€to€anÐ Ô$  Ðextension€cord€with€coat€hangers€in€it,€three€coat€hangers€secured€withÐ À  Ðduct€tape€with€an€extension€cord€braided€around€it.€€Heððd€tell€GregoryÐ ¬ü  Ðto,€ð ðBend€over.€€Put€your€hands€out€and€bend€over.€€Empty€yourÐ ˜è  Ðpockets€and€stand€there€until€Iððm€done.ðð€€The€whippings€left€bruises,Ð „Ô  Ðthe€whippings€left€whelps.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€Ms.€Black,€Iððm€sorry€to€interrupt.ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àIf€thereððs€any€witness€in€the€courtroom€or€anyone€who€thinksÐ  p Ðthey€may€be€called€as€a€witness€in€this€case,€youððll€need€to€stepÐ  \ Ðoutside€the€courtroom€and€remain€outside€the€courtroom€until€yourÐ øH Ðname€is€called.Ðä4` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àYou€may€proceed.м ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€BLACK:€€The€whippings€left€bruises€and€whelps.€€The€beatingsÐ ”ä Ðwere€so€severe€that€the€children€would€take€coats€to€school€with€themÐ €Ð Ðfor€a€week€at€a€time€so€they€had€a€cushion€to€sit€on€because€theirÐ l¼ Ðbottoms€hurt€so€bad.€€It€escalated€to€the€point€where€finally,€when€theÐ X ¨ Ðvictim€knew,€Gregory€Smith€knew,€the€report€card€was€coming€outÐ D!” Ðthat€week,€he€ran€away€from€home.€€He€went€to€live€with€hisÐ 0"€  Ðgrandmother.Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌNo€objection€was€made€by€trial€defense€counsel׃5×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€to€these€statements.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThe€victim,€Gregory€DeWayne€Smith,€who€was€18€years€old€and€a€senior€in€high€school€atÐ Ì&"% Ðâ âthe€time€of€the€trial,€testified,€as€the€Stateððs€first€witness,€that€the€defendant€would€spank€him€and€hisÐ ¸'#& Ðyounger€brother€with€a€weight€belt€when€either€received€a€school€grade€lower€than€a€ð ðB.ðð׃9×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€BeforeÐ ° Ðâ âbeing€asked€about€either€of€the€incidents€alleged€in€the€indictments,€the€victim€was€questioned€aboutÐ œì Ðearlier€spankings:Ð ˆØ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àOkay.€€About€what€time€do€you€remember€the€first€disciplineÐ `° Ðthat€you€got€from€your€stepfather?ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àIt€was€towards€the€end€of€my€eighth€grade€year.Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àAnd€how€did€that€start?Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àThe€discipline€or€the€reason?ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àYeah.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àThe€reason€was€probably€because€of€grades,€and€normally€heÐ „Ô  Ðspanked€us€with€a€weight€belt,€me€and€my€little€brother.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àOkay.€€When€you€say€because€of€grades,€what€kind€of€gradesÐ H˜ Ðare€you€talking€about?Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àAnything€below€a€ð ðBðð.Ð \` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àAnd€where€would€he€spank€you?Ðä4` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àHe€would€tell€us€to€bend€over€and€sometimes€he€would€hit€usÐ ¼  Ðon€the€back€or€the€butt.Шø` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àOn€the€back€or€on€the€bottom?ЀÐ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àUh„huh.ÐX ¨` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àWhere€would€you€be€at€when€you€would€get€these€spankings?Ð0"€ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àIn€our€room.Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àOkay.€€Would€you€have€your€clothes€on€our€[sic]€off?Ðà%0!$` x` x Ðâ âÐ Ì&"% Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àWeððd€have€our€clothes€on,€but€sometimes€weððd€have€to€pull€ourÐ ° Ðâ âpants€down€and€have€our€underwear€on.Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àDid€you€receive€any€pain?ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àYes.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àHow€long€would€the€pain€last?Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àSometimes€weeks,€sometimes€days.Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àWhat€would€you€do€for€the€pain?ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à m àIgnore€it.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à m àWhere€would€you€hurt?Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8m ` x` xàMR.€SLOAN:à h àYour€Honor,€again,€could€we€approachÐ \¬ Ðthe€bench?ÐH˜m km k ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àTHE€COURT:à h àAll€right.Ð p` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8m ` x` xàÐ m km k Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8m ` x` xà(Thereupon,€a€bench€conference€was€had€outsideÐ øH Ðhearing€of€jurors€and€reporter.)Ðä4m km k ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8m ` x` xàTHE€COURT:€€Objection€overruled.м m km k ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àMembers€of€the€jury,€I€am€going€to€give€you€aÐ ”ä Ðcontemporaneous€instruction€at€this€time.€€The€defendant,€Mr.Ð €Ð ÐToliver,€is€charged€with€the€offense€on€two€different€dates,€that€is,Ð l¼ ÐMarch€the€1st€and€April€the€9th.€€Mrs.€Toliver€is€charged€with€theÐ X ¨ Ðoffense€on€April€the€9th.ÐD!”` x` x Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àIððm€allowing€the€testimony€to€be€presented€to€the€jury€at€thisÐ #l! Ðtime€about€prior€incidents.€€Now,€Iððm€not€allowing€this€testimony€toÐ $X" Ðshow€that€either€Mr.€Toliver€or€Mrs.€Toliver€has€a€propensity€toÐ ô$D # Ðcommit€this€type€of€conduct€or€habitually€committed€this€type€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðconduct,€Iððm€only€allowing€this€evidence€in€ð!ð€and€youððre€not€to€findÐ Ì&"% Ðout€whether€or€not€Mr.€Toliver€or€Mrs.€Annie€committed€theseÐ ¸'#& Ðoffenses€on€any€other€days.€€Iððm€only€allowing€this€evidence€inÐ ¤(ô#' Ðbecause€the€defense€in€this€case€is€that€this€was€not€an€intentional,Ð )à$( Ðknowing€act€on€this€particular€day,€that€there€was€no€intent€to€commitÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€crime€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€that€it€was€an€accident.Ðh+¸&*` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà m àSo€Iððm€only€allowing€this€prior€testimony€in€by€the€state€goingÐ ° Ðtoward€that€issue€on€those€two€dates,€March€the€1st€and€April€the€9thÐ œì Ðas€to€Mr.€Toliver,€and€April€the€9th€as€to€Mrs.€Toliver,€whether€or€notÐ ˆØ Ðon€those€two€dates€they€committed€this€crime€of€aggravated€childÐ tÄ Ðabuse.€€And€youððre€only€to€consider€this€testimony€about€priorÐ `° Ðincidents€as€going€toward€those€two€specific€dates.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌNo€objection€was€made€by€defense€counsel€to€the€adequacy€of€this€instruction.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€victim€then€was€asked€about€the€incident€of€March€1,€1998,׃7×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€which€was€the€basis€for€theÐ ü L  Ðfirst€indictment,€against€only€Anderson€Toliver,€and€charging€aggravated€child€abuse.€€He€said€thatÐ è 8  Ðhe€had€just€received€ð ðsome€low€gradesðð€and€described€what€happened€when€he€returned€home:Ð Ô$  ÐÌÓ6°,XƒXŒ –X°,XƒXm –X6Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àIt€always€started€as€like€I€would€have€to€bend€over€and€then€he€hitÐ ¬ü  Ðme€with€the€extension€cord,€and€this€time€it€had€coat€hangers€braidedÐ ˜è  Ðaround€it€and€then€the€extension€cord€and€duct€tape€at€the€end.€€AndÐ „Ô  ÐI€would€fall,€and€if€I€fell,€heððd€hit€me€on€my€back€until€I€had€to€get€up.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhat€did€it€feel€like€when€he€was€hitting€you€with€the€extensionÐ H˜ Ðcord?Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àAt€first€it€was€like€ð!ð€the€first€contact€it€would€be€like€a€real€pain,Ð  \ Ðnumbness,€and€then€increase.€€Like€at€first€I€couldnððt€feel€anythingÐ øH Ðand€then€it€was€just€like€all€coming€in€together€and€it€hurt€real€bad.Ðä4` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€victim€then€described,€in€much€greater€detail,€the€April€9,€1998,€incident,׃@×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€saying€thatÐ ¼  Ðwhile€he€was€in€his€room,€the€defendant€hit€him€twice€with€the€braided€extension€cord,€without€theÐ ¨ø Ðadded€coat€hangers€and€duct€tape.€€When€the€victim€then€stood€up€and€refused€to€bend€over€again,Ð ”ä Ðand€the€defendant€grabbed€his€neck€and€tried€unsuccessfully€to€force€him€to€bend€over.€€TheÐ €Ð Ðdefendant€then€began€punching€and€choking€the€victim€with€his€hands,€handed€the€braided€extensionÐ l¼ Ðcord€to€the€victimððs€mother,€and€began€choking€the€victim€again:Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àLike€my€legs€were€kind€of€getting€weak€and€I€was€kind€ofÐ 0"€  Ðcrouching€over,€then€like€after€the€second€time€he€choked€me€with€hisÐ #l! Ðhands,€he€would€stop€again€and€he€would€say€something.€€I€couldnððtÐ $X" Ðreally€hear€what€he€was€saying,€because€I€was€kind€of€ð!ð€I€wasnððtÐ ô$D # Ðlosing€consciousness,€but€I€wasnððt€listening€because€I€was€gettingÐ à%0!$ Ðchoked.€€Then€like€he€would€stop€one€minute€and€then€he€told€meÐ Ì&"% Ðagain,€when€I€was€still€kind€of€crouched€over,€which€is€the€third€timeÐ ° Ðhe€choked€me€with€his€hands,€and€I€ended€up€on€the€ground.Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àOkay.€€Was€he€wearing€anything€on€his€hands€when€he€wouldÐ tÄ Ðchoke€you?Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àHe€had€kind€of€like€a€weight€glove€or€a€bike€glove.Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àOkay.€€What€kind€of€pain€were€you€in?Ð `` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àLots€of€pain,€because€where€he€hit€me€on€my€back,€where€he€wasÐ è 8  Ðchoking€me.€€My€neck€was€hurting€and€my€throat€was€hurting€realÐ Ô$  Ðbad.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWas€he€saying€anything€to€you€while€he€was€choking€you?Иè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àYeah,€he€said€that€I€couldnððt€take€a€beating€from€a€real€man,€andÐ pÀ Ðstuff€like€he€could€kill€me€and€stuff€like€that.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWould€you€say€anything€back€to€him?Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€couldnððt.Ð \` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€victim€said€that€after€the€defendant€had€choked€him€three€times,€and€he€was€on€the€floor,Ð ä4 Ðthe€defendant€then€retrieved€the€braided€cord€from€the€victimððs€mother€and€wrapped€it€around€hisÐ Ð  Ðneck:Ð ¼  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àSo€you€grabbed€the€extension€cord€when€he€swung€at€you€andÐ ”ä Ðwhat€did€he€do€next?ЀÐ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àHe€like€wrapped€it€around€my€neck.€€Iððm€on€the€ground€and€heððsÐ X ¨ Ðlike€standing€behind€me€wrapping€the€cord€around€my€neck€right€hereÐ D!” Ðand€heððs€holding€it€from€behind.Ð0"€ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àIs€he€saying€anything€to€you€at€that€time?Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€donððt€know.Ðà%0!$` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhat€does€he€do€when€he€gets€it€around€your€neck?и'#&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àHe€kind€of€lifts€me€up€off€the€ground€and€starts€slinging€meÐ )à$( Ðaround€the€room.Ð|*Ì%)` x` x ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àCan€you€show€me€with€you€[sic]€hands,€if€you€can,€how€he€wasÐ ° Ðslinging€you€around€the€room€with€it?Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àWell,€like€he€was€behind€me€and€he€had€the€cord€like€wrappedÐ tÄ Ðaround€my€neck€and€heððd€do€like€this,€and€I€hit€the€bike€sometimeÐ `° Ðwith€my€ribs.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àYou€hit€what?Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€hit€the€bicycles.€€We€had€some€bikes€down€at€the€foot€of€our€bedÐ ü L  Ðand€like€the€bed€was€to€his€back€and€I€was€in€front€of€him€and€heÐ è 8  Ðswung€me€around€and€I€hit€the€bikes.€€He€slung€me€back€around€andÐ Ô$  ÐI€hit€the€bed.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àDo€you€know€what€you€hit€the€bikes€ð!ð€you€said€you€hit€the€bikesÐ ˜è  Ðwith€your€ribs?Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àHit€the€handle€bars.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àAnd€you€said€you€hit€the€bed.€€What€part€of€your€body€madeÐ 4„ Ðcontact€with€the€bed?Ð p` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àWell,€we€had€a€bunk€bed,€so€it€was€kind€of€tall,€it€came€aboutÐ øH Ðright€here€on€me,€so€it€was€all€this€part€of€my€body,€like€my€chest,€andÐ ä4 Ðit€was€made€out€of€wood.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àIs€he€saying€anything€to€you€while€heððs€slinging€you€around€theÐ ¨ø Ðroom?Дä` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€donððt€know.Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhat€happened€after€he€got€done€slinging€you€around€the€room?ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€started€falling€because€I€couldnððt€breathe€and€thatððs€when€I€reallyÐ #l! Ðlost€consciousness€like€for€a€couple€of€seconds,€because€I€just€sawÐ $X" Ðblack.€€Then€I€was€on€the€ground€and€I€came€back€in.€€Like€while€IÐ ô$D # Ðwas€going€out,€I€heard€my€mom€call€his€name.€€All€she€said€was,Ð à%0!$ Ðð ðAnderson,ðð€and€then€like€a€few€seconds€after€that,€I€kind€of€went€outÐ Ì&"% Ðand€then€I€came€back€and€I€guess€he€had€let€go.€€But€I€was€on€theÐ ¸'#& Ðground.Ф(ô#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àSo€when€you€came€back€to,€was€he€in€the€room?Ð|*Ì%)` x` x ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àYes,€he€was€still€behind€me.а` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àDid€he€say€anything€to€you€at€that€time?ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àHe€told€me€something€like€heððd€be€right€back,€donððt€move.Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhat€did€you€do€at€that€point€in€time?Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€sat€there€for€a€minute€and€caught€my€breath€and€I€got€up€and€left.Ð `` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhere€did€you€go?Ðè 8 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€went€upstairs€to€my€neighborððs€house.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhat€happened€when€you€got€to€your€neighborððs?Иè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€called€the€police.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àHow€were€you€feeling€at€that€point€in€time?ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àI€wasnððt€really€feeling€any€pain,€I€guess€it€was€trembling.€€I€wasÐ  p Ðjust€crying.€€I€remember€crying€a€lot.€€And€then€when€the€police€gotÐ  \ Ðthere,€thatððs€when€it€started€hurting,€like€I€noticed€I€had€a€real€bad€scarÐ øH Ðon€my€eye,€real€bad.€€I€donððt€know€how€it€got€there,€I€just€know€myÐ ä4 Ðeye€was€like€a€cherry.€€And€my€throat€was€hurting€real€bad.€€I€had€likeÐ Ð  Ðscratch€marks€on€my€neck,€things€like€that.€€My€ribs€were€hurting,Ð ¼  Ðbecause€I€hurt€my€ribs€before€playing€football.€€I€hit€the€same€rib€thatÐ ¨ø ÐI€had€hurt€when€I€hit€the€bicycles.Дä` x` x ÐÌà  àLater€in€the€trial,€after€defense€counsel€had€completed€his€cross„examination€of€the€victim,Ð l¼ Ðthere€was€the€following€colloquy:׃:×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€Mr.€Sloan,€before€we€break€for€lunch,€I€want€to€goÐ 0"€  Ðahead€and€let€you€put€on€the€record€your€objection€earlier.€€You€hadÐ #l! Ðobjected€at€the€bench€conference€and,€of€course,€itððs€hard€to€ð!ð€theÐ $X" Ðcourt€reporter€canððt€pick€up€conversations€at€the€bench,€thatððs€why€IÐ ô$D # Ðlike€to€limit€the€bench€conferences.€€You€did€make€an€objection€to€theÐ à%0!$ Ðâ âstateððs€getting€into€any€prior€incidences€of€either€whippings€orÐ Ì&"% Ðbeatings€or€whatever€they€may€be€called€and€I€said€Iððll€let€you€putÐ ° Ðyour€objections€and€state€anything€that€you€wanted€to€on€the€record.Мì` x` x Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àI€did€overrule€that€and€the€reason€for€it€is,€of€course,€in€light€of€theÐ tÄ Ðfact€that€ð!ð€the€defense€theory€is€that€this€was€an€accident€as€far€as€theÐ `° Ðinjuries€were€concerned,€but€other€than€that,€it€was€just€a€routineÐ L œ Ðwhipping,€so€there€was€no€intent€whatsoever€to€have€any€child€abuse.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐIn€light€of€that€defense,€I€allowed€the€state€ð!ð€and€overruled€yourÐ $ t Ðobjection€to€allow€the€state€to€bring€up€these€prior€incidences€to€showÐ  ` Ðthat€absence€of€mistake€or€lack€of€intent.€€I€think€itððs€particularlyÐ ü L  Ðimportant€in€the€light€of€the€fact€that,€as€was€testified€to,€that€theseÐ è 8  Ðincidences€occurred€at€the€time€of€the€grading,€when€Mr.€Smith€wouldÐ Ô$  Ðcome€home€with€his€grades€and€thatððs€what€happened€on€these€priorÐ À  Ðoccasions.€€And€I€was€relying€on€the€authority€of€State€versus€Dubose,Ð ¬ü  Ðwhich€dealt€with€a€similar€type€issue€and€allowed€prior€incidences€in.€Ð ˜è  ÐAnd,€of€course,€thatððs€why€I€gave€the€jury€cautionary€instruction.€€IÐ „Ô  Ðwant€to€make€sure€that€ð!ð€and,€of€course,€the€verdict€form€will€reflectÐ pÀ Ðthat€theyððre€to€base€their€verdict€solely€on€the€incident€that€occurredÐ \¬ Ðon€March€1€as€to€Mr.€Toliver€and€April€the€9th€as€to€Mrs.€Toliver€andÐ H˜ Ðonly€on€April€9th€as€to€Mrs.€Toliver.Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àDid€you€want€to€put€anything€else€on,€Mr.€Sloan,€at€this€time?Ð \` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð ä4 ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€SLOAN:€€Your€Honor,€the€only€thing,€as€I€indicated€I€wanted€toÐ ¼  Ðput€on€the€record,€prior€to€the€testimony€of€the€first€witness,€we€hadÐ ¨ø Ðobjected€to€that€witness€going€into,€quote,€ð ðother€instancesðð€of,€quote,€Ð ”ä Ðð ðwhippingsðð€to€allege€abuse.€€I€was€concerned€about€the€fact€that,€youÐ €Ð Ðknow,€we€just€had€no€way€to€defend€against€those€other€allegedÐ l¼ Ðincidences,€if€there,€in€fact,€were€any.€€Thereððs€no€question€my€clientÐ X ¨ Ðadministered€corporal€punishment€on€occasion,€the€question€wasÐ D!” Ðwhether€it€was€excessive€or€not.€€And€without€being€aware€of€whatÐ 0"€  Ðthese,€quote,€ð ðother€instancesðð€were,€then€certainly€the€defendantÐ #l! Ðcouldnððt€be€in€a€position€to€defend€himself€against€those€otherÐ $X" Ðinstances.׃>×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ðô$D #` x` x Ðâ âÐ à%0!$ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àSo€that€was€our€objection€on€the€record€regarding€that.€€And€theÐ ° Ðâ âonly€other€thing€I€guess€I€said,€Judge,€was€had€the€state€felt€that€thisÐ œì Ðwas€significant€evidence€to€get€into,€they€certainly€could€have€draftedÐ ˆØ Ðan€indictment€to€appropriately€put€the€defense€on€notice€of€what€thatÐ tÄ Ðwas€so€that€we€could€talk€to€potential€witnesses€and€defend€ourselfÐ `° Ð[sic]€from€it.€€But€that€was€my€objection,€Your€Honor.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€All€right.€€In€response€to€that,€also,€as€the€proofÐ $ t Ðunfolded,€it€showed€that€there€werenððt€any€specific€incidences€otherÐ  ` Ðthan€just€talking€about€some€general€times€when€this€happened€in€theÐ ü L  Ðpast,€and€it€would€not€have€been€anything€that€the€defense€was€notÐ è 8  Ðaware€of€in€the€police€reports€by€the€statement€that€there€were€priorÐ Ô$  Ðincidences€of€this€nature.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€victimððs€twelve„year„old€half€brother,€Joshua€Newton,€testified€that€he€had€been€removedÐ ˜è  Ðfrom€his€mother€and€the€defendantððs€home€and€was€living€at€the€Tennessee€Baptist€Childrenððs€HomeÐ „Ô  Ðat€the€time€of€trial.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€had€whipped€him€and€the€victim€with€a€belt€and€withÐ pÀ Ðan€extension€cord€which€was€wrapped€around€itself.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€made€them€emptyÐ \¬ Ðtheir€pockets€before€the€whippings€to€make€sure€they€did€not€have€any€padding,€and€made€them€bendÐ H˜ Ðover€and€stretch€out€their€hands.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€had€whipped€him€ð ðhardðð€with€theÐ 4„ Ðextension€cord€ð ðlike€maybe€three€times,ðð€but€that€he€ð ðgot€smartðð€and€ð ðlearned€[his]€lesson.ðð€€WhenÐ  p Ðasked€about€the€victim,€Joshua€said€he€did€not€think€that€the€victim€had€learned€his€lesson€ð ðbecauseÐ  \ Ðhe€repeatedly€got€it.ðð€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àJoshua€further€testified€that€the€whippings€hurt€ð ðpretty€badðð€for€a€few€days.€€However,€in€hisÐ Ð  Ðprior€statement€given€to€a€detective€at€the€Red€Bank€Police€Departmentò òó ó,€Joshua€said€that€ð ðafter€beingÐ ¼  Ðpunished€in€this€manner,€the€bruises€and€whelps€lasted€about€three€weeksðð€and€that€he€ð ðcould€not€sitÐ ¨ø Ðwithout€a€cushion€of€some€sort€for€about€four€days.ðð€€Joshua€said€that€he€did€not€consider€theÐ ”ä Ðwhippings€the€defendant€gave€him€as€a€beating€and€that€he€believed€he€deserved€the€whippings.€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àWhen€Joshua€identified€the€extension€cord€admitted€into€evidence,€he€said€that€it€looked€theÐ X ¨ Ðexact€same€way€he€remembered€it€and€that€he€had€never€seen€anything€added€to€it.€€The€prosecutorÐ D!” Ðthen€asked€Joshua€to€recite€from€his€prior€statement,€wherein€he€said€that€the€ð ðextension€cord€wasÐ 0"€  Ðusually€wrapped€with€three€pieces€of€coat€hanger,€one€on€each€end€and€one€in€the€middleðð€and€thatÐ #l! Ðthe€ð ðpieces€of€coat€hanger€was€[sic]€then€wrapped€with€duct€tape.ðð€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àJoshua€testified€that€he€was€at€home€the€night€of€April€9,€1998,€but€did€not€see€the€incidentÐ à%0!$ Ðbetween€the€victim€and€the€defendant€although€he€heard€them€scuffling.€€Joshua€said€that€he€did€goÐ Ì&"% Ðinto€the€victimððs€room€to€get€a€knife€from€the€victim€because€he€ð ðguess[ed]ðð€that€the€victim€wasÐ ¸'#& Ðgoing€to€kill€the€defendant€with€it.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àOfficer€Kim€Cofer€of€the€Red€Bank€Police€Department€testified€that€she€responded€to€aÐ |*Ì%) Ðrunaway€call€from€the€victimððs€mother,€Annie€Toliver,€on€Saturday,€April€4,€1998.€€Mrs.€Toliver€toldÐ h+¸&* ÐOfficer€Cofer€that€the€victim€had€run€away€before€and€that€she€thought€he€was€at€his€grandmotherððsÐ ° Ðhouse.€€Mrs.€Toliver€called€Cofer€the€following€Tuesday,€April€7,€1998,€and€told€her€she€hadÐ œì Ðobtained€an€attachment€through€juvenile€court€for€the€victim€as€an€unruly€runaway.€€Officer€CoferÐ ˆØ Ðthen€went€to€the€victimððs€school€and€took€him€into€custody.€€While€en€route€to€the€juvenile€detentionÐ tÄ Ðunit,€the€victim€told€Cofer€that€he€had€run€away€because€ð ðhe€was€tired€of€being€beaten€like€a€freeginÐ `° Ð[sic]€slave.ðð€€The€victim€told€her€that€the€defendant€whipped€him€with€an€extension€cord€when€heÐ L œ Ðdid€not€make€good€grades€in€school.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àOfficer€Cofer€further€testified€that€the€victim€came€to€the€police€department€on€April€10,Ð  ` Ð1998,€and€gave€his€statement€regarding€the€April€9,€1998,€incident€to€her€and€Detective€Kyle.€€TheÐ ü L  Ðvictim€told€her€he€had€been€beaten€with€a€ð ðbraided€cord,ðð€thrown€against€a€wall,€and€that€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendant€had€punched€him€with€his€fist.€€She€said€that€the€victim€had€bruising€on€his€right€eye€andÐ Ô$  Ðmarks€on€his€neck.€€Cofer€identified€three€photographs€showing€injuries€to€the€victimððs€right€eye€andÐ À  Ðcheek€area,€throat,€and€neck€area.€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àOfficer€Jonathan€Chambers,€who€was€employed€by€the€Chattanooga€Police€Department€atÐ „Ô  Ðthe€time€of€his€testimony,€but€had€been€with€the€Red€Bank€Police€Department€at€the€time€of€theÐ pÀ Ðinvestigation,€testified€that€on€April€9,€1998,€he€had€responded€to€a€domestic€violence€call€at€anÐ \¬ Ðapartment€in€the€same€building€where€the€victim€lived,€and€spoke€with€the€victim€at€this€apartment.€Ð H˜ ЀHe€testified€as€to€his€meeting€the€victim:Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àHe€was€very€upset,€he€was€crying,€he€couldnððt€hardly€speak€to€me.€€IÐ  \ Ðtried€to€ask€him€what€happened€and€all€he€could€tell€me€was€that€hisÐ øH Ðstepdad€beat€him.€€Thatððs€all€he€could€tell€me.€€I€let€him€try€to€getÐ ä4 Ðcalmed€down€for€a€minute€and€I€barely€got€his€name€out€of€him.€€IÐ Ð  Ðasked€him€again€and€he€continued€to€say,€ð ðMy€stepdad€beat€me,ðð€is€allÐ ¼  Ðheððd€say.€€I€observed€on€him€his€right€eye€was€very€swollen€and€alsoÐ ¨ø Ðwas€bleeding€and€he€had€three€claw€marks€on€his€neck.Дä` x` x ÐÌà  àOfficer€Chambers€then€went€to€the€Toliversðð€apartment,€where€he€spoke€with€the€defendant:Ð l¼ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àI€had€knocked€on€the€door€and€the€defendant,€Mr.€Toliver,€hisÐ D!” Ðwife€had€answered€the€door,€they€were€very€calm.€€And€I€spoke€withÐ 0"€  Ðthem€about€what€happened,€they€knew€why€I€was€there€and€they€knewÐ #l! Ðwhat€I€was€going€to€ask€them€about.Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àMr.€Toliver,€he€was€very€calm,€he€seemed€like€ð!ð€he€seemed€heÐ à%0!$ Ðwas€kind€of€upset€about€what€had€happened,€but€seems€like€he€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðkind€of€over€ð!ð€he€was€relaxed,€he€was€able€to€talk€to€me€about€it.€€HeÐ ¸'#& Ðtold€me€that€he€works€on€the€road,€heððs€gone€a€lot,€and€that€he€had€hadÐ ¤(ô#' Ðproblems€with€his€son,€heððd€run€away€and€had€had€some€problemsÐ )à$( Ðwith€his€grades€and€that€he€told€him€when€he€come€home€today€heÐ |*Ì%) Ðwas€going€to€get€a€spanking,€or€a€whipping€is€what€he€said,€aÐ h+¸&* Ðwhipping.€€And€he€told€me€that€he€came€home€and€told€him€to€getÐ ° Ðready€for€his€whipping.€€He€said€he€makes€him€empty€his€pockets.€€HeÐ œì Ðsaid€when€he€emptied€his€pockets€he€had€a€knife€in€his€hand.€€I€askedÐ ˆØ Ðhim,€I€said,€how€did€he€have€it€in€his€hand?ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àAnd€he€told€me,€ð ðJust€like€thisðð€(indicating).ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àI€said,€ð ðShow€me.ðð€€And€he€showed€me,€he€had€his€hands€likeÐ $ t Ðthat.€€I€said,€ð ðWas€it€just€laying€[sic]€there,€did€he€come€at€you€with€itÐ  ` Ðor€anything€like€that?ððÐü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àAnd€he€said,€ð ðNo.ðð€€When€he€said€that,€when€he€said€no,€he€said,Ð Ô$  Ðð ðI€wished€he€would€have.ðð€€He€made€that€statement.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.Иè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àI€then€asked€him,€you€know€ð!ð€when€he€said€he€took€the€knife€outÐ pÀ Ðof€his€hand,€he€said€he€hit€him€one€time€with€an€extension€cord,€is€theÐ \¬ Ðway€he€put€it.€€I€was€thinking€just€a€regular€white€cord€is€what€I€was€Ð H˜ Ðthinking.€€I€didnððt€realize€what€it€actually€was€that€he€was€using.€€IÐ 4„ Ðdidnððt€even€ask€to€see€it.€€He€told€me€that€he€hit€him€with€it€once€andÐ  p Ðthat€the€victim€turned€around€and€refused€ð!ð€Ð \` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àHe€said€when€he€turned€around,€he€grabbed€him€by€the€throat,Ð ä4 Ðaround€the€throat,€and€pushed€him€against€the€wall,€and€that€evidentlyÐ Ð  Ðin€the€struggle€ð!ð€he€said€he€didnððt€really€remember€a€lot€of€it,€but€heÐ ¼  Ðsaid€in€the€struggle€he€must€have€hit€his€ð!ð€the€victim€must€haveÐ ¨ø Ðbumped€his€head€on€the€dresser,€thatððs€where€the€eye€bleeding€comeÐ ”ä Ðfrom.ЀÐ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àI€asked€him,€ð ðWhen€he€turned€around,€did€he€have€his€fist€balledÐ X ¨ Ðup€or€did€he€take€a€swing€at€you?ððÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àHe€said€no,€that€he€did€not.€€He€said[,]€ð ðI€didnððt€give€him€theÐ #l! Ðchance.ððÐ$X"` x` x ÐÌà  àOfficer€Timothy€Thompson,€of€the€Red€Bank€Police€Department,€testified€that€he€had€alsoÐ à%0!$ Ðresponded€to€the€domestic€violence€call€on€April€9.€€He€stayed€with€the€victim€while€other€officersÐ Ì&"% Ðspoke€with€the€defendant€and€Mrs.€Toliver.€€Later,€he€spoke€with€Mrs.€Toliver,€having€returned€toÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€Toliversðð€apartment€at€the€request€of€Detective€Jim€Kyle€to€retrieve€the€electrical€cord:Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àShe€stated€that€the€disciplinary€actions€took€place€upon€the€outcomeÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€their€report€cards:€€If€they€got€goods€[sic]€grades,€there€was€noÐ h+¸&* Ðproblem;€if€they€had€a€bad€report€card,€they€were€punished.€€TheÐ ° Ðactions€taken€was€punishment€with€an€extension€cord€that€wasÐ œì Ðentwined€and€then€it€was€tied€on€both€ends€and€in€the€middle€with€aÐ ˆØ Ðpiece€of€coat€hanger€and€duct€tape€wrapped€around€each€strands€[sic]Ð tÄ Ðof€the€coat€hanger.€€At€which€time,€as€the€disciplining€began,€theÐ `° Ðvictims€were€advised€to€bend€over,€at€which€time€they€were€struck€inÐ L œ Ðthe€buttocks€with€this€extension€cord.Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌò òó óà  àDetective€Sergeant€Jim€Kyle€of€the€Red€Bank€Police€Department€testified€that€he€spoke€withÐ  ` Ðthe€defendant€in€the€booking€room€of€the€police€station€on€April€9,€1998.€€The€defendant,€whoÐ ü L  Ðappeared€to€be€ð ðvery€calm,€considering€he€had€been€arrested,ðð€told€Kyle€that€he€was€disciplining€theÐ è 8  Ðvictim€with€an€extension€cord€when€the€victim€got€injured.€€Regarding€the€manner€of€discipline,€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€told€Detective€Kyle,€ð ðI€have€them€bend€over€and€stretch€there€[sic]€arms€out€and€tightenÐ À  Ðup€their€muscles€and€then€I€strike€them€in€the€buttocks€area.ðð€€The€defendant€also€told€Kyle,€ð ðThatððsÐ ¬ü  Ðlegal,€I€have€a€right€to€do€that.ðð€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àThe€following€day,€April€10,€1998,€Detective€Kyle€requested€the€victim€and€his€grandmotherÐ pÀ Ðto€come€to€the€police€station€to€give€statements.€€Photographs€were€made€of€the€victimððs€injuries€atÐ \¬ Ðthat€time,€as€well.€€Detective€Kyle€said€that€the€victim€was€ð ðfairly€quiet,€like€someone€had€just€beenÐ H˜ Ðbeat€down,€he€was€just€very€quiet€and€withdrawn.ðð€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Detective€Kyle€said€that€after€discussing€the€case€with€an€assistantÐ  \ Ðdistrict€attorney€general€on€April€10,€1998,€it€was€ð ðvery€apparentðð€that€the€charge€was€more€seriousÐ øH Ðthan€simple€assault€with€which€the€defendant€was€initially€charged.€€Detective€Kyle€then€drafted€twoÐ ä4 Ðnew€affidavits€charging€the€defendant€with€aggravated€child€abuse.€€He€testified€that€he€personallyÐ Ð  Ðfilled€out€one€affidavit;€Detective€Gary€Wooten€filled€out€the€other€affidavit€in€his€presence,€and€heÐ ¼  Ðswore€to€both€of€the€affidavits.€€Kyle€said€that€he€indicated€in€his€affidavit€that€the€extension€cordÐ ¨ø Ðwas€twisted€together€so€as€to€make€it€a€deadly€weapon.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àWilliam€Russell,€testifying€as€a€character€witness€for€Mrs.€Toliver,€said€that€he€had€attendedÐ l¼ Ðthe€same€church€as€Mrs.€Toliver€prior€to€her€marriage€to€the€defendant.€€He€had€also€sold€a€car€to€theÐ X ¨ ÐTolivers.€€Russell€said€that€he€felt€like€he€knew€the€defendant€ð ðvery€wellðð€and€that€the€defendantððsÐ D!” Ðreputation€in€the€community€was€ð ðexcellent.ðð€€Russell€also€testified€that€he€knew€Mrs.€ToliverððsÐ 0"€  Ðð ðchildren€well€enough€to€know€that€if€they€were€being€beat€[sic],€they€would€tell€[him].ðð€€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àGrace€Hughley€was€also€called€by€Annie€Toliver€as€both€a€fact€and€a€character€witness.€€HerÐ ô$D # Ðcharacter€testimony€as€to€the€defendant€also€came€during€her€cross„examination€by€counsel€for€theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant:Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àDo€you€think€youððre€knowledgeable€of€his€reputation€in€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcommunity€as€far€as€general€character€reputation?Ð)à$(` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àYes.Ðh+¸&*` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWould€that€be€good€or€bad?а` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àBe€good.ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àWhat€about€his€general€reputation€for€truth€or€veracity€for€tellingÐ `° Ðthe€truth,€would€that€be€good€or€bad?ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àIt€would€be€good.Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à Œ àYou€would€believe€him€under€oath?Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à Œ àYes,€I€would.ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌThe€remainder€of€her€testimony€on€behalf€of€the€defendant€was€as€a€fact€witness.€€She€was€not€cross„Ð ¬ü  Ðexamined€by€the€State€about€her€assertions€as€to€the€defendantððs€good€character.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àMark€Davis€testified€that€he€lived€in€the€apartment€above€the€Toliversðð€apartment€and€alsoÐ pÀ Ðattended€the€same€church€as€the€Tolivers.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€had€a€ð ðgoodðð€reputation.€€DavisÐ \¬ Ðfurther€testified€that€the€victim€came€to€his€apartment,€ð ðscratched€up€and€somewhat€out€of€breath,Ð H˜ Ðpretty€emotional,ðð€on€April€9,€1998.€€The€victim€asked€to€use€his€telephone€and€called€the€police.€Ð 4„ ÐHe€said€that€the€victim€had€a€ð ðgashðð€in€his€head€and€a€ð ðscratch€on€his€neck€[that]€looked€like€aÐ  p Ðfingernail€.€.€.€had€struck€him.ðð€Ð  \ ÐÌò òó óà  àWanda€Davis,€the€wife€of€Mark€Davis,€testified€that€when€the€victim€came€to€their€apartment,Ð ä4 Ðhe€was€ð ðvery€distraught,€crying,€sweating,€and€had€an€injury€to€his€face,€his€neck.ðð€€She€said€that€sheÐ Ð  Ðasked€the€victim€if€the€defendant€had€ð ðpunch[ed]ðð€him€because€she€knew€that€the€victim€and€theÐ ¼  Ðdefendant€did€not€get€along.€€The€victim€told€her€that€he€had€hit€his€head€on€the€bed.€€Mrs.€Davis€saidÐ ¨ø Ðshe€put€an€ice€pack€on€the€victimððs€head€and€some€ointment€on€his€neck.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àAnnie€Smith€Toliver,€testified€that€she€married€the€defendant€in€June€1995€when€the€victimÐ l¼ Ðwas€13€years€old.€€She€described€the€victim€as€ð ðvery€smart,ðð€ð ðvery€capable,ðð€and€ð ðvery€talented.ðð€Ð X ¨ ÐShe€said€that€the€victim€had€acted€ð ðindifferentðð€toward€the€defendant€after€their€marriage€and€thatÐ D!” Ðthe€victim€had€never€told€her€about€his€feelings€toward€the€defendant.€€Mrs.€Toliver€said€that€she€andÐ 0"€  Ðthe€defendant€had€decided€that€the€defendant€would€be€the€parent€to€administer€discipline€to€herÐ #l! Ðchildren.€€During€the€whippings,€which€she€said€occurred€every€four€or€five€months,€the€defendantÐ $X" Ðwould€hit€the€victim,€ð ðtwo€to€three€times€on€the€butt.ðð€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àMrs.€Toliver€testified€that€she€had€had€two€interactions€with€juvenile€court€regarding€theÐ Ì&"% Ðvictim,€the€first€being€in€1996€when€the€victim€stole€a€shirt,€and€the€second€being€when€he€ran€awayÐ ¸'#& Ðon€April€3,€1998.€€Regarding€the€runaway€incident,€Mrs.€Toliver€said€that€the€victim€did€not€bringÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhis€report€card€home€on€March€27,€1998,€when€it€was€issued€and€that€he€had€been€skipping€classes.€Ð )à$( ÐOn€April€1,€1998,€she€went€to€the€victimððs€school€and€obtained€a€copy€of€his€report€card€and€thenÐ |*Ì%) Ðgrounded€the€victim€and€removed€him€from€the€schoolððs€track€team€of€which€he€was€a€member.€€OnÐ h+¸&* ÐFriday,€April€3,€1998,€the€victim€did€not€come€home€from€school,€so€she€filed€a€missing€personððsÐ ° Ðreport€the€next€day€with€the€Red€Bank€Police€Department.€€The€following€Monday,€April€6,€1998,Ð œì ÐMrs.€Toliver€went€to€the€juvenile€court€and€filed€a€runaway€attachment€on€the€victim.€€She€said€thatÐ ˆØ Ðthe€victim€was€taken€into€custody€on€Tuesday,€April€7,€1998,€and€she€picked€him€up€from€theÐ tÄ Ðjuvenile€detention€facility€later€that€same€evening.Ð `° ÐÌà  àMrs.€Toliver€said€that€on€the€evening€of€April€9,€1998,€the€defendant€went€into€the€victimððsÐ 8 ˆ Ðroom€to€discipline€him.€€She€said€that€she€ð ðkind€of€stood€in€the€doorway,ðð€of€the€victimððs€room,€andÐ $ t Ðthe€defendant€handed€her€a€knife€that€he€said€he€took€from€the€victim.€€She€gave€the€knife€to€JoshuaÐ  ` Ðand€told€him€to€put€it€in€the€kitchen.€€The€defendant€asked€the€victim€to€bend€over€a€barrel,€whichÐ ü L  Ðshe€described€as€a€ð ðbig€plastic€tub€.€.€.€maybe€10€or€20„gallon€tub,ðð€and€then€hit€the€victim€with€theÐ è 8  Ðextension€cord.€€The€victim€stood€up€and€ð ðcameðð€at€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€handed€her€theÐ Ô$  Ðextension€cord€and€then€pushed€the€victim€back€and€subdued€him€on€the€floor.€€She€said€the€victimÐ À  Ðð ðkind€of€calmed€down€and€quit€tussling€with€[the€defendant].ðð€€The€defendant€then€told€the€victimÐ ¬ü  Ðto€get€up€and€bend€over€again,€and€the€victim€complied.€€The€defendant€hit€the€victim€again€with€theÐ ˜è  Ðextension€cord,€and€the€victim€ð ðcameðð€at€the€defendant€again.€€The€two€began€ð ðtusslingðð€again,€andÐ „Ô  ÐMrs.€Toliver€said€she€screamed€at€them€to€stop€fighting.€€Mrs.€Toliver€testified€that€the€defendantÐ pÀ Ðthen€backed€off€and€walked€out€of€the€room.€€The€victim€was€breathing€ð ðkind€of€hardðð€and€ran€outÐ \¬ Ðof€the€room€and€went€to€the€Davisesðð€apartment.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àMrs.€Toliver€said€that€she€never€saw€the€defendant€hit€the€victim€in€the€face€and€did€not€seeÐ  p Ðthe€victim€hit€the€defendant,€but€the€victim€made€a€gesture€toward€the€defendant.€€She€testified€thatÐ  \ Ðshe€did€not€see€how€the€victim€got€hurt,€but€that€he€may€have€hit€his€head€on€some€of€the€furnitureÐ øH Ðin€the€room.€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àWhen€the€police€arrived€to€arrest€the€defendant,€Mrs.€Toliver€said€she€asked€them,€ð ðWhy€areÐ ¼  Ðyou€taking€Anderson€in,€why€not€take€both€of€them€in,€they€were€both€fighting.ðð€€She€also€testifiedÐ ¨ø Ðthat€when€a€police€officer€later€came€to€her€apartment€to€retrieve€the€extension€cord,€she€told€him€thatÐ ”ä Ðnormally€the€cord€had€ð ðcoat€hanger€wire€wrapped€around€it€to€hold€it€steadyðð€and€had€ð ðduck€[sic]Ð €Ð Ðtape€wrapped€around€the€wire€so€that€the€wire€wouldnððt€be€exposed.ðð€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àFollowing€her€testimony,€Mrs.€Toliver€rested€her€case.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àOn€behalf€of€Anderson€Toliver,€Douglas€Daugherty,€president€of€Chattanooga€ResourceÐ #l! ÐFoundation,€testified€that€he€first€met€the€defendant€in€1993€when€the€defendant€was€selected€toÐ $X" Ðparticipate€in€a€leadership€development€program€through€the€Foundation.€€Daugherty€testified€thatÐ ô$D # Ðhe€felt€like€he€knew€the€defendant€ð ðfairly€well,ðð€that€his€reputation€was€ð ðexcellent,ðð€and€he€wouldÐ à%0!$ Ðbelieve€him€under€oath€in€a€court€of€law.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àMelvin€Benford€testified€that€he€had€known€the€Tolivers€for€seven€years€and€attended€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsame€church€as€the€Tolivers.€€He€said€that€the€defendantððs€reputation€was€ð ðgoodðð€and€that€he€hadÐ )à$( Ðnever€seen€the€defendant€beat€the€victim.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àAqua€Peoples,€a€teacher€at€Ringgold€Middle€School,€testified€that€she€had€known€the€ToliversÐ ° Ðfor€seven€years€and€also€attended€the€same€church€as€the€Tolivers.€€She€said€that€the€defendantððsÐ œì Ðreputation€was€ð ðvery€goodðð€and€that€she€would€believe€him€under€oath€in€a€court€of€law.€€She€knewÐ ˆØ Ðthat€the€defendant€believed€in€disciplining€the€children,€but€he€had€not€told€her€how€he€went€aboutÐ tÄ Ðdoing€so.Ð `° ÐÌà  àTom€Weathers,€a€teacher€and€football€coach€at€Red€Bank€High€School,€testified€that€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðvictim€was€a€member€of€the€football€team€during€the€1997€season.€€He€related€three€infractionsÐ $ t Ðinvolving€the€victim€at€school€and€said€that€the€victim€was€not€truthful€when€questioned€about€theÐ  ` Ðfirst€incident.€€After€the€third€incident,€during€which€Weathers€said€that€the€victim€had€spoken€to€himÐ ü L  Ðð ðin€a€distasteful€wayðð€and€Weathers€told€him€he€needed€to€get€his€attitude€ð ðstraight,ðð€the€victimÐ è 8  Ðstopped€playing€football.€€Weathers€said€he€did€not€have€any€problems€with€the€victim€after€that.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that,€as€of€the€time€of€the€trial,€he€was€51€years€old€and€had€childrenÐ ¬ü  Ðfrom€a€previous€marriage.€€He€was€self„employed€as€a€photographer,€the€owner€of€a€vending€machineÐ ˜è  Ðbusiness,€and€the€seller€of€health€products.€€As€the€result€of€these€occupations,€he€traveled€a€greatÐ „Ô  Ðdeal,€always€by€automobile.€€He€met€the€victimððs€mother,€his€codefendant,€in€1993,€at€a€gospel€recordÐ pÀ Ðstore,€and€they€were€married€two€years€later.€€After€their€marriage,€he€moved€into€the€apartment€withÐ \¬ ÐAnnie€Toliver€and€her€sons,€Joshua€and€Gregory.€€Because€of€a€change€in€jobs,€he€began€travelingÐ H˜ Ðin€1997,€apparently€when€he€and€his€wife€began€their€business.€€He€said€that,€between€the€time€of€theÐ 4„ Ðmarriage€and€his€last€contact€with€the€victim,€just€after€the€April€9€incident,€he€had€ð ðwhippedðð€theÐ  p Ðvictim€ð ðabout€twice.ðð€€A€more€common€punishment,€according€to€the€defendant,€was€to€ð ðgroundððÐ  \ Ðthe€victim€to€his€room.€€Although€it€was€possible€that€he€had€whipped€the€victim€during€the€sixÐ øH Ðmonths€prior€to€April€9,€the€last€time€that€he€recalled€doing€so€was€in€1996,€when€the€victim€stoleÐ ä4 Ða€shirt€from€Sears.€€He€denied€that€the€March€1€incident€had€occurred.€€During€the€prior€three€years,Ð Ð  Ðhe€had€whipped€the€victimððs€brother,€Joshua,€ð ðprobably€twice.ððÐ ¼  ÐÌà  àAs€for€the€April€9€incident,€he€said€that€the€week€prior€to€it,€he€was€out€of€town€and€askedÐ ”ä Ðhis€wife€if€the€victim€had€brought€home€his€report€card.€€Learning€that€he€had€not,€he€discussed€herÐ €Ð Ðgoing€to€the€school€to€get€it.€€He€said€that€he€arrived€back€in€Chattanooga€the€morning€of€April€9€and,Ð l¼ Ðafter€attending€to€some€business,€arrived€home€at€about€4:30€p.m.€€Both€of€his€stepsons€were€home,Ð X ¨ Ðand,€after€he€had€picked€up€his€wife€at€work,€they€arrived€back€at€the€apartment€at€about€6:00€p.m.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àDuring€the€week,€while€he€was€out€of€town,€he€and€his€wife€had€discussed€the€matter€withÐ #l! Ðthe€victim,€and€he€had€told€her€that€she€needed€to€report€the€victim€missing.€€She€had€talked€to€theÐ $X" Ðpolice€and€done€as€they€instructed.€€He€said€that,€when€he€and€his€wife€discussed€in€the€early€eveningÐ ô$D # Ðwhat€to€do,€he€was€tired€and€did€not€want€to€deal€with€the€victim.€€After€some€additional€discussion,Ð à%0!$ Ðhe€told€his€wife€that€he€had€ð ðpromised€Gregory€that€if€he€didnððt€bring€those€grades€up€on€the€lastÐ Ì&"% Ðreport€card,€weððre€going€to€deal€with€that.ðð€€He€said€that,€in€view€of€the€unsatisfactory€report€card,Ð ¸'#& Ðas€well€as€the€fake€report€card€the€victim€had€given€them,€ð ðIððm€left€with€no€choice,€I€have€to€carryÐ ¤(ô#' Ðit€out.€€And€thatððs€exactly€what€I€did.ððÐ )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àThe€defendant€said€that€he€walked€into€the€victimððs€room€and€asked€him€to€empty€hisÐ ° Ðâ âpockets,€which€he€did€not€normally€do.€€The€victim€then€pulled€a€ð ðsmall,€straight€[kitchen]€knifeððÐ œì Ðfrom€his€pocket,€and€said,€ð ðin€a€very€angry€tone,ðð€and€with€a€frown€on€his€face,€that€he€was€going€toÐ ˆØ Ðkill€the€defendant€with€it.€€The€victim€did€not€resist,€however,€as€the€defendant€took€the€knife€fromÐ tÄ Ðhis€hand.€€The€defendant€then€went€to€another€room,€got€the€braided€cord,€and€returned€to€theÐ `° Ðvictimððs€bedroom,€instructing€him€to€ð ðbend€over.ðð€€The€defendant€struck€the€victim€once€with€theÐ L œ Ðcord,€ð ðmoderate,€nothing€hard,ðð€but€did€not€believe€that€the€blow€ð ðstungðð€because€the€defendantÐ 8 ˆ Ðð ðdidnððt€really€apply€a€lot€of€pressure.ðð€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€victim€then€stood€up€and€grabbed€the€defendant€by€the€collar,€something€the€victim€hadÐ ü L  Ðnever€done€before.€€The€defendant€reacted€by€grabbing€the€victim€by€the€collar€and€pushing€himÐ è 8  Ðagainst€the€bed,€against€the€wall,€and€then€pulling€him€to€the€floor€ð ðto€subdue€him.ðð€€The€victimÐ Ô$  Ðcomplied€as€the€defendant€told€him€to€bend€over€again.€€The€defendant€asked€the€victimððs€motherÐ À  Ðto€hand€him€the€braided€cord,€and,€after€she€had€done€so,€he€hit€the€victim€with€it€again.€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àThe€victim€then€stood€up€again€and€raised€his€fists,€approaching€the€defendant€in€a€ð ðfightingÐ „Ô  Ðstance.ðð€€The€defendant€first€asked,€ð ðDo€you€want€to€fight€me,€Gregory?ðð€After€his€wife€had€calledÐ pÀ Ðthe€defendantððs€name,€however,€he€instructed,€ð ðGregory,€just€stay€in€the€room,€weððll€talk€about€thisÐ \¬ Ðlater.ðð€€He€denied€putting€the€cord€around€the€victimððs€neck,€and€said€that€his€fingernails€caused€theÐ H˜ Ðð ðclaw€marksðð€on€the€victimððs€neck.€€He€speculated€that€the€injuries€to€the€victimððs€face€might€haveÐ 4„ Ðoccurred€when,€during€the€struggle,€the€victim€hit€the€dresser.€Ð  p ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€when€asked€about€previously€whipping€the€victim,€the€defendantÐ øH Ðtestified€that€he€had€once€whipped€him€with€a€belt.€€He€denied€that€he€had€braided€the€extension€cord,Ð ä4 Ðsaying€that€ð ð[t]he€cord€was€already€there,€itððs€not€one€I€bought.ðð€€He€said€that€he€had€used€ð ðmaybeÐ Ð  Ðtwiceðð€the€braided€cord€as€a€whip€with€only€one€coat€hanger€wrapped€around€it,€and€held€in€placeÐ ¼  Ðwith€duct€tape,€not€three€coat€hangers.€€Both€of€these€incidents€preceded€that€of€April€9,€as€did€hisÐ ¨ø Ðuse€of€a€belt€to€whip€the€victim.Ð ”ä ÐÌò òÓ  ÓòòANALYSISó óóóÐ l¼ ÐÓméÓÌà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ D!” Ðò òÓ  Ó(Defendantððs€Issues€I,€II,€VII,€and€VIII)ó 󀀀Р0"€  ÐÌÓêÓà  àThe€defendant€has€presented€on€appeal€several€related€issues€regarding€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ  $\" Ðevidence:€€Issue€I€(the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€the€convictions);€Issue€II€(as€the€thirteenthÐ ø$H # Ðjuror,€the€trial€court€should€have€set€aside€the€verdicts);€Issue€VII€(the€defendantððs€motion€forÐ ä%4!$ Ðjudgment€of€acquittal€should€have€been€granted€because€the€proof€did€not€show€that€the€extensionÐ Ð& "% Ðcord€was€a€ð ðdeadly€weaponðð);€and€Issue€VIII€(the€evidence€as€to€the€March€1,€1998,€incident€wasÐ ¼' #& Ðinsufficient€to€establish€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse).€€We€will€now€consider€theseÐ ¨(ø#' Ðarguments.Ð ”)ä$( Ðâ âÐ €*Ð%) ÐÔ‡ X!XXX!Ôà  àIn€considering€these€issues,€we€apply€the€familiar€rule€that€where€sufficiency€of€the€convictingÐ ° Ðâ âevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€of€the€reviewing€court€is€€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€theÐ œì Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÐ ˆØ Ðthe€essential€elements€of€the€offense€charged€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Ð tÄ ÐU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560€(1979).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2dÐ `° Ð185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.Ð L œ ÐR.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€setÐ 8 ˆ Ðaside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€aÐ $ t Ðreasonable€doubt.ðð).€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÐ  ` Ðgiven€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754Ð ü L  ÐS.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€€ð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,Ð è 8  Ðaccredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theoryÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€Our€supreme€court€stated€theÐ À  Ðrationale€for€this€rule:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àThis€well„settled€rule€rests€on€a€sound€foundation.€€The€trial€judgeÐ „Ô  Ðand€the€jury€see€the€witnesses€face€to€face,€hear€their€testimony€andÐ pÀ Ðobserve€their€demeanor€on€the€stand.€€Thus€the€trial€judge€and€jury€areÐ \¬ Ðthe€primary€instrumentality€of€justice€to€determine€the€weight€andÐ H˜ Ðcredibility€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€of€witnesses.€€In€the€trialÐ 4„ Ðforum€alone€is€there€human€atmosphere€and€the€totality€of€theÐ  p Ðevidence€cannot€be€reproduced€with€a€written€record€in€this€Court.Ð \` x` x ÐÌòòBolin€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€4,€11,€405€S.W.2d€768,€771€(1966)€(citing€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€464,Ð ä4 Ð370€S.W.2d€523€(1963)).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ ¼  Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð ¨ø ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ô#†X!XX X!yí#Ô€When€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses€was€resolved€by€the€jury€inÐ ”ä Ðfavor€of€the€State,€the€appellate€court€ð ðmay€not€reconsider€the€juryððs€credibility€assessments.ðð€òòStateÐ €Ð Ðv.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€558€(Tenn.€2000),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€___U.S.€___,€121€S.€Ct.€2600€(2001).Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àUtilizing€these€rules,€we€will€review€the€allegations€of€the€indictments€and€the€trial€evidence.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€was€charged€in€two€separate€indictments€with€aggravated€child€abuse.€Ð #l! ÐIndictment€223083€alleges,€in€pertinent€part:Ð $X" ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àThat€Anderson€Toliver€and€Annie€Smith€Toliver€heretofore€on€orÐ à%0!$ Ðabout€March€1,€1998,€in€the€County€aforesaid,€did€unlawfully€andÐ Ì&"% Ðknowingly,€other€than€by€accidental€means,€treat€Gregory€Smith,€aÐ ¸'#& Ðchild€who€was€sixteen€years€of€age€at€the€time€of€the€offense,€in€suchÐ ¤(ô#' Ða€manner€as€to€inflict€injury,€and€a€deadly€weapon€was€used€toÐ )à$( Ðaccomplish€the€act€of€abuse,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€CodeÐ |*Ì%) ÐAnnotated€39„15„402,€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State.Ðh+¸&*` x` x ЇÌà  àIndictment€223085€alleges,€in€pertinent€part:Ð œì ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà Œ àThat€Anderson€Toliver€and€Annie€Smith€Toliver€heretofore€onÐ tÄ ÐApril€9,€1998,€in€the€County€aforesaid,€did€unlawfully€and€knowingly,Ð `° Ðother€than€by€accidental€means,€treat€Gregory€Smith,€a€child€who€wasÐ L œ Ðsixteen€years€of€age€at€the€time€of€the€offense,€in€such€a€manner€as€toÐ 8 ˆ Ðinflict€injury,€and€a€deadly€weapon€was€used€to€accomplish€the€act€ofÐ $ t Ðabuse,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€39„15„402,€againstÐ  ` Ðthe€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State.Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà  àEach€indictment€charged€the€defendant€with€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€inÐ Ô$  Ðviolation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€39„15„402,€which€provides€in€pertinent€part:Ð À  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àò òAggravated€child€abuse€and€neglect.ó ó€€Ð˜è ` x` x ÐÌÓ6°,XƒX× –X°,XƒXŒ –X6ÓÓ€ (Öý03Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)à × àA€person€commits€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse€orÐ tÄ Ðaggravated€child€neglect€who€commits€the€offense€of€child€abuse€orÐ `° Ðneglect€as€defined€in€ðð€39-15-401€and:ÐLœ` x` x ÐÌÓ9°,XƒX× N h•X°,XƒX× –X9Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(1)à N àThe€act€of€abuse€or€neglect€results€in€serious€bodilyÐ $t Ðinjury€to€the€child;€orÐ`× ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(2)à N àA€deadly€weapon€is€used€to€accomplish€the€act€ofÐ è8 Ðabuse.ÐÔ$× ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(b)à × àA€violation€of€this€section€is€a€Class€B€felony;€€provided,€that,€ifÐ ¬ü Ðthe€abused€or€neglected€child€is€six€(6)€years€of€age€or€less,€theÐ ˜è Ðpenalty€is€a€Class€A€felony.ЄÔ` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„402€(Supp.€1999).Ð \ ¬ ÐÌà  àThe€terms€ð ðdeadly€weaponðð€and€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€are€defined€in€Tennessee€CodeÐ 4"„  ÐAnnotated€Section€39„11„106:Ð  #p! ÐÌÓ?°,XƒX× " N h•X°,XƒX× N h•X?ÓÓ€ #(öÝ00ÓØ! !Øà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(5)à × àð ðDeadly€weaponðð€means:Ðø$H #` x` x ÐÌÝ"‚é;"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚é;6 Ýà0× ` x` xàÔ2öÝÔ(Ú  ÚAÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0N × x× xàÝ  ÝA€firearm€or€anything€manifestly€designed,€made€or€adaptedÐ Ð& "% Ðfor€the€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€serious€bodily€injury;€Ð ¼' #& Ðor݃é;6 ƒ ݌Ш(ø#'N xN x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚é;á Ýà0× ` x` xàÔ2öÝÔ(Ú  ÚBÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0N × x× xàÝ  ÝAnything€that€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€isÐ €*Ð%) Ðcapable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury[.]݃é;á . ÝŒÐl+¼&*N xN x ÐŒÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÐ ` x` x Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð œì Ðà  àÌÓ€ %(Þ00#ÓØ!! !ØÝ"‚3£!"ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚3£ƒ ÝÔ2ÞÔ(Ú  Ú34Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0" ` x` xàÝ  Ýð ðSerious€bodily€injuryðð€means€bodily€injury€which€involves:݃3£ƒ Ð ÝŒÐtÄ" x" x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;""ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚é;¸Ýà0× ` x` xàÔ2ÞÔ(Ú  ÚAÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0N × x× xàÝ  ÝA€substantial€risk€of€death;݃é;¸ÝŒÐL œN xN x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;""ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚é;ÛÝà0× ` x` xàÔ2ÞÔ(Ú  ÚBÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0N × x× xàÝ  ÝProtracted€unconsciousness;݃é;Û(ÝŒÐ$ tN xN x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;""ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚é;ýÝà0× ` x` xàÔ2ÞÔ(Ú  ÚCÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0N × x× xàÝ  ÝExtreme€physical€pain;݃é;ýJÝŒÐü L N xN x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;""ÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÝ‚é;Ýà0× ` x` xàÔ2ÞÔ(Ú  ÚDÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0N × x× xàÝ  ÝProtracted€or€obvious€disfigurement;€or݃é;gÝŒÐÔ$ N xN x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(E)à N àProtracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€functionÐ ¬ü  Ðof€a€bodily€member,€organ€or€mental€faculty[.]Иè × ×  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(5)€&€(34)€(1997).Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àWe€will€first€consider€whether€the€braided€extension€cord,€with€which€the€victim€testified€thatÐ H˜ Ðhe€was€whipped,€qualifies€as€a€ð ðdeadly€weapon,ðð€that€is,€whether€ð ð[a]nything€that€in€the€manner€ofÐ 4„ Ðits€use€or€intended€use€is€capable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ððÐ  p ÐÌà  àThe€braided€electrical€cord€was€made€an€exhibit€at€the€trial€and€is€a€part€of€the€appellateÐ øH Ðrecord.€€It€is€a€double„strand€extension€cord,€and,€as€braided,€approximately€forty€inches€in€length,ò òÐ ä4 Ðó ówith€the€original€cord€of€sufficient€length€to€permit€it€to€be€braided€on€itself€what€appears€to€be€sixÐ Ð  Ðtimes.€€It€is€braided€in€such€a€way€that€at€one€end€are€both€the€male€and€femaleò ò€ó óplugs,€the€latterÐ ¼  Ðconsisting€of€three€receptacles.€€According€to€the€victim,€at€the€time€of€the€March€1€incident,€ð ðit€hadÐ ¬ü Ðcoat€hangers€braided€around€it€and€then€the€extension€cord€and€duct€tape€at€the€end.ðð€€However,€atÐ ˜è Ðthe€time€of€the€April€9€incident,€the€braided€cord€no€longer€had€coat€hangers€affixed€around€it€or€ductÐ „Ô Ðtape€at€the€tip.€€As€an€exhibit€in€the€appellate€record,€neither€coat€hangers€nor€duct€tape€are€affixedÐ pÀ Ðto€the€cord.Ð \ ¬ ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€victim€testified€that€he€would€sometimes€be€made€to€pull€down€his€pants,Ð 4"„  Ðleaving€him€wearing€only€his€underwear,€he€did€not€say€whether€he€had€been€required€to€pull€downÐ  #p! Ðhis€trousers€prior€to€either€the€March€1€or€April€9€incident.€Ð  $\" Ðà  àÌà  àAs€for€the€manner€in€which€the€braided€cord€was€utilized€on€March€1,€the€victim€testified€that€Ð ä%4!$ Ðhe€was€made€to€bend€over€and€then€struck€with€the€cord,€fortified€with€coat€hangers€held€in€placeÐ Ð& "% Ðwith€duct€tape,€and€that€if€he€fell,€he€would€be€hit€on€his€back€until€he€ð ðhad€to€get€up.ðð€He€describedÐ ¼' #& Ðhis€feelings€as€ð ða€real€painðð€with€the€first€contact,€and€there€would€be€ð ðnumbness,€[which€would]Ð ¨(ø#' Ðthen€increase.ðð€€He€said€that€at€first€he€ð ðcouldnððt€feel€anything€and€then€it€was€just€like€all€comingÐ ”)ä$( Ðin€together€and€it€hurt€real€bad.ððÐ €*Ð%) ÐÐ l+¼&* Ðà  àOn€April€9,€according€to€the€victimððs€testimony,€he€was€first€struck€twice€with€the€braidedÐ ° Ðcord,€and€by€resisting€the€defendant,€he€precipitated€a€struggle€in€which,€while€on€the€floor,€he€wasÐ œì Ðchoked€by€the€defendant€who€was€wearing€gloves.€€The€defendant€then€retrieved€the€cord€from€theÐ ˆØ Ðvictimððs€mother,€wrapped€the€cord€around€the€victimððs€neck,€lifted€him€off€the€ground,€and€beganÐ tÄ Ðð ðslingingðð€him€around€the€room.€€The€victim€was€slung€into€some€bicycles€in€the€room,€as€well€asÐ `° Ða€bunk€bed.€€He€was€unable€to€breathe€and€lost€consciousness€ð ðfor€a€couple€of€seconds.ðð€€As€a€resultÐ L œ Ðof€this€incident,€the€victim€said€that€his€injuries€consisted€of€a€ð ðreal€bad€scarðð€on€his€eye,€that€his€eyeÐ 8 ˆ Ðwas€ð ðlike€a€cherry,ðð€that€his€ð ðthroat€was€hurting€real€bad,ðð€that€he€had€ð ðscratch€marksðð€on€his€neck,Ð $ t Ðand€that€his€ribs€were€hurting.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àWe€will€now€determine€whether€the€braided€cord,€as€the€victim€testified€that€it€was€used€onÐ è 8  ÐMarch€1€and€April€9,€was€a€ð ðdeadly€weapon.ðð€€Applying€the€definitions€set€out€in€Tennessee€CodeÐ Ô$  ÐAnnotated€Section€39„11„106,€the€extension€cord€was€a€deadly€weapon€if€it€was€ð ðmanifestlyÐ À  Ðdesigned,€made€or€adapted€for€the€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€serious€bodily€injuryðð€or€if€ð ðin€theÐ ¬ü  Ðmanner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€[it€was]€capable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.Ð ˜è  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(5)€(1997).Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€victimððs€testimony€as€to€the€March€1,€1998,€incident,€we€conclude€that€aÐ \¬ Ðreasonable€jury€could€have€determined€that€the€cord,€as€braided€and€including€coat€hangers€held€inÐ H˜ Ðplace€with€duct€tape,€and€used€to€strike€the€victim€on€the€buttocks€and€the€back€when€he€fell,€was€anÐ 4„ Ðitem€which,€ð ðin€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€[was]€capable€of€causing€death€or€seriousÐ  p Ðbodily€injury,ðð€namely€ð ð[e]xtreme€physical€pain.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„106(5)(B)€&€(34)(C)Ð  \ Ð(1997).€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àAs€to€the€April€9,€1998,€incident,€as€described€by€the€victim,€we€conclude,€likewise,€that€aÐ Ð  Ðreasonable€jury€could€have€found€the€braided€cord,€as€used€both€to€strike€the€victim€and€then€to€pickÐ ¼  Ðhim€up€by€the€neck€to€sling€him€around€the€room,€was€capable€of€causing€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€and,Ð ¨ø Ðthus,€was€a€ð ðdeadly€weapon.ððÐ ”ä ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€for€the€jury€to€find€the€defendantÐ l¼ Ðguilty,€as€to€each€indictment,€of€aggravated€child€abuse.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àAs€an€additional€claim€regarding€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€defendantÐ 0"€  Ðasserts€that€the€trial€court,€sitting€as€the€thirteenth€juror,€should€have€granted€his€motion€for€judgmentÐ #l! Ðof€acquittal€or,€in€the€alternative,€set€aside€the€verdicts.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àOur€supreme€court€examined€the€ð ðthirteenth€jurorðð€rule€in€òòState€v.€Carteróó,€896€S.W.2d€119,Ð à%0!$ Ð122€(Tenn.€1995).€€After€first€noting€that€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€33(f)€made€itÐ Ì&"% Ðmandatory€that€the€trial€judge€act€as€the€thirteenth€juror€and€that€ð ðapproval€by€the€trial€judge€of€theÐ ¸'#& Ðjuryððs€verdict€as€the€thirteenth€juror€is€a€necessary€prerequisite€to€imposition€of€a€valid€judgment,ððÐ ¤(ô#' Ðòòid.óó,€the€court€then€explained€the€application€of€this€responsibility:Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àJust€as€at€common€law,€Rule€33(f)€does€not€require€the€trial€judgeÐ ° Ðâ âto€make€an€explicit€statement€on€the€record.€€Instead,€when€the€trialÐ œì Ðjudge€simply€overrules€a€motion€for€new€trial,€an€appellate€court€mayÐ ˆØ Ðpresume€that€the€trial€judge€has€served€as€the€thirteenth€juror€andÐ tÄ Ðapproved€the€juryððs€verdict.€€Nonetheless,€where€the€record€containsÐ `° Ðstatements€by€the€trial€judge€expressing€dissatisfaction€orÐ L œ Ðdisagreement€with€the€weight€of€the€evidence€or€the€juryððs€verdict,€orÐ 8 ˆ Ðstatements€indicating€that€the€trial€court€absolved€itself€of€itsÐ $ t Ðresponsibility€to€act€as€the€thirteenth€juror,€an€appellate€court€mayÐ  ` Ðreverse€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.€€òòHelton€v.€Stateóó,€547€S.W.2d€atÐ ü L  Ð566;€òòMesser€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2d€at€98;€òòState€v.€Burlisonóó,€868Ð è 8  ÐS.W.2d€at€719;€òòHalliburton€v.€Stateóó,€428€S.W.2d€at€41.ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌòòId.óóÐ ¬ü  ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€neither€made€comments€ð ðexpressing€dissatisfaction€or€disagreement€withÐ „Ô  Ðthe€weight€of€the€evidence€or€the€juryððs€verdictðð€during€the€trial€or€in€its€written€order€denying€theÐ pÀ Ðmotion€for€new€trial.€€Additionally,€no€comments€were€made€by€the€trial€court€indicating€that€it€hadÐ \¬ Ðð ðabsolved€itself€of€its€responsibility€to€act€as€the€thirteenth€juror.ðð€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€thisÐ H˜ Ðassignment€is€without€merit.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  à€Ð  \ Ðà@l l ìàò òII.€€CONSOLIDATION€OF€INDICTMENTSˆÐ øH ÐÓ  Ó(Defendantððs€Issues€III,€IV,€V,€and€VI)Ð ä4 ÐÌó óÓ¡4Óà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error,€both€by€consolidatingÐ ¼  Ðthe€two€indictments€for€trial€and€by€allowing€proof€as€to€prior€beatings€of€the€victim€by€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant.€€In€view€of€the€relationship€of€these€issues,€we€will€review€them€together.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€two€indictments€were€consolidated€in€the€following€manner.€€On€the€morning€of€the€trial,Ð l¼ Ðjust€before€the€prospective€jurors€entered€the€courtroom,€the€State€moved€to€dismiss€two€aggravatedÐ X ¨ Ðassault€indictments€as€to€each€defendant,€as€well€as€the€aggravated€child€abuse€indictment€againstÐ D!” ÐMrs.€Toliver€resulting€from€the€March€1€incident.€€It€is€unclear€whether€the€aggravated€assaultÐ 0"€  Ðindictments€as€to€either€or€both€defendants€were€based€upon€the€same€incidents€as€the€aggravatedÐ #l! Ðchild€abuse€indictments.€After€the€trial€court€granted€the€dismissal€request,€there€remained€for€trialÐ $X" Ðan€aggravated€child€abuse€indictment€against€the€defendant€for€the€March€1€incident€and€anÐ ô$D # Ðaggravated€child€abuse€indictment€against€the€defendant€and€his€wife€for€the€April€9€incident.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐCounsel€for€the€defendant€then€asked€that€only€the€indictment€alleging€the€April€9€incident€be€triedÐ Ì&"% Ðbefore€the€jury€which,€apparently,€was€waiting€to€enter€the€courtroom:Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€€SLOAN:€€Judge,€if€I€can€just€briefly,€I€guess€in€lieu€of€the€stateððsÐ )à$( Ðmoving€to€make€those€dismissals,€I€donððt€know€if€the€two€incidentsÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€March€1€and€April€9€as€to€my€client€would€be€properly€joined€forÐ h+¸&* Ðjoint€trial.€€I€would€like€to€ask€that€we€be€able€to€proceed€on€the€AprilÐ ° Ð9€incident€as€to€my€client€and€not€the€March€1€incident.€€There€areÐ œì Ðtwo€separate€offenses€that€are€six€weeks€apart€that€involve€an€allegedÐ ˆØ Ðspanking€that€my€client€gave€to€the€stepson.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€I€assume€from€what€Ms.€€Black€was€saying€then,€thatÐ L œ Ðthe€parties€had€agreed€that€these€other€cases€would€be€tried€together.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐYouððre€moving€at€this€time€for€a€severance€of€those€two€cases,€Mr.€Ð $ t ÐSloan?Ð `` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€€SLOAN:€€Judge,€I€donððt€think€the€court€really€ever€consolidatedÐ è 8  Ðthose€two€cases,€March€1€and€April€8€[sic]€incident.ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€Is€the€state€moving€for€a€consolidation€of€those€twoÐ ¬ü  Ðcases?Иè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€€BLACK:€€Yes,€Your€Honor,€the€state€never€had€an€officialÐ pÀ Ðconsolidation€order€with€the€understanding€between€the€parties€andÐ \¬ Ðthere€was€no€objection€of€combining€things€until€this€point€in€time.€Ð H˜ ÐWe€were€all€under€the€understanding€that€we€were€trying€these€casesÐ 4„ Ðtogether,€that€was€the€negotiations€and€discussions€of€how€the€pleaÐ  p Ðnegotiation€would€be€offered€to€the€defendants€and€at€no€time€was€itÐ  \ Ðever€brought€up€that€they€would€be€tried€separately.׃;×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€€SLOAN:€€Your€Honor,€if€I€may€approach€the€podium,€Iððll€haveÐ Ð  Ðto€say€itððs€true.€€Now,€I€did€not€know,€and€Ms.€Black€may€have€toldÐ ¼  Ðme,€that€she€was€going€to€move€to€dismiss€all€charges€against€Ms.Ð ¨ø ÐAnnie€Toliver€as€allegedly€took€place€in€March.€€We€would€prefer,€ofÐ ”ä Ðcourse,€not€to€be€at€the€table€when€the€other€matter,€the€March€matter,Ð €Ð Ðis€tried€against€Mr.€Toliver.Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àSo€I€donððt€know,€Ms.€€Black,€did€you€mention€to€me€about€theÐ D!” Ðaggravated€ð!ð€dismissing€the€ð!ð€I€know€you€did€there€with€the€assault,Ð 0"€  Ðbut€the€aggravated€child€abuse,€did€you€mention€that€to€me?Ð#l!` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€€BLACK:€€We€mentioned€it€this€morning,€the€state€was€going€toÐ ° Ðdismiss€the€aggravated€child€abuse.Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€€SLOAN:€€Iððm€not€saying€she€didnððt,€I€mean€I€just€ð!ðÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€Well,€I€understand€your€position.€€I€donððt€think€youÐ L œ Ðreally€have,€of€course,€a€legal€basis€for€that€kind€of€severance,€unlessÐ 8 ˆ Ðð!ð€I€think€as€far€as€that€one€incident,€the€facts€are€related€in€the€cases,Ð $ t Ðthe€facts€against€one€would€be€basically€the€same€facts€against€theÐ  ` Ðother€one.Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àAs€to€the€other€March€incident,€I€donððt€know,€I€need€to€take€upÐ Ô$  Ðthat€with€Mr.€Sloan€since€heððs€the€one€actually€moving€for€theÐ À  Ðseverance€of€that€matter.€€Under€what€basis€ð!ð€since€these€occurred€onÐ ¬ü  Ðseparate€dates,€Ms.€Black,€under€what€basis€is€the€state€asking€toÐ ˜è  Ðproceed€on€both€of€those€charges€against€him?Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€€BLACK:€€Your€Honor,€both€of€them,€I€think,€show€a€pattern€andÐ \¬ Ða€common€scheme€of€plan.€€The€stateððs€position€will€be€that€this€wasÐ H˜ Ðabusive€behavior€that€was€taking€place€over€a€several„year€period€ofÐ 4„ Ðtime.€€The€manners€were€exactly€the€same;€he€would€have€the€childÐ  p Ðbend€over€the€exact€same€way€in€the€same€bedroom,€would€strike€theÐ  \ Ðchild€in€the€same€manner€and€usually€with€the€exact€same€device.€Ð øH ÐAnd€in€both€of€these€cases€the€allegations€will€be€that€the€defendantÐ ä4 Ðdid€hit€the€child€with€the€same€braided€extension€cord€over€the€sameÐ Ð  Ðissues,€which€were€great.м ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àThe€only€thing€different€in€either€one€of€the€cases€was€about€nineÐ ”ä Ðweeksðð€period€of€time€in€between€when€the€events€occurred€fromÐ €Ð Ðwhen€the€progress€report€came€out€on€one€child€and€when€the€actualÐ l¼ Ðreport€came€out,€both€times€he€got€whipped€for€the€same€thing,€sameÐ X ¨ Ðhouse,€same€manner,€everything.ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€Mr.€Sloan,€what€is€your€response€to€that?Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€SLOAN:€€Judge,€the€only€thing€I€can€say€is€this€child,€this€youngÐ ô$D # Ðman€involved,€is€15,€rather€sizeable€young€man,€and,€secondly,€it€doesÐ à%0!$ Ðinvolve€the€administering€of€corporal€punishment;€however,€itððs€twoÐ Ì&"% Ðseparate€incidences€that€are€about€six€weeks€apart.и'#&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àI€donððt€think€thereððs€anything€unusual€about€the€whipping€otherÐ )à$( Ðthan€the€fact€that€if€a€child€is€whipped€three€or€four€or€five€differentÐ |*Ì%) Ðtimes,€whether€that€would€show€any€common€scheme€of€plan€to€whip.€Ð h+¸&* ÐI€donððt€think€thereððs€any€question€about€that.€€But€I€donððt€see€anythingÐ ° Ðthat€occurred€on€the€April€incident€that€makes€anything€unusual€aboutÐ œì Ðadministering€both€of€them.€€It€would€be€very€similar,€I€guess,€in€aÐ ˆØ Ðdomestic€assault€situation€where€the€husband€and€wife€maybe€have€anÐ tÄ Ðargument€in€March€and€thereððs€an€assault,€and€then€again€perhaps€sixÐ `° Ðweeks€later€have€another€argument€thatððs€an€assault.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àAs€I€understand,€and€Iððll€let€Ms.€Black€correct€me,€but€as€IÐ $ t Ðunderstand,€theyððre€going€to€offer€proof€that€there€were€twoÐ  ` Ðwhippings,€in€March€and€April.€€Now,€thereððs€no€question€that€myÐ ü L  Ðclient€and€his€wife€did,€on€occasion,€whip€the€children,€but,€now,€toÐ è 8  Ðmy€understanding,€itððs€not€going€to€be€any€great€ð!ð€or€any€proof€toÐ Ô$  Ðshow€in€any€manner€that€any€of€this€was€out€of€the€ordinary,Ð À  Ðextraordinary,€except€on€the€April€occasion.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àIn€lieu€of€the€dismissal€as€to€the€co„defendant€as€to€the€MarchÐ „Ô  Ðincident,€as€Your€Honor€knows,€you€can€have€two€cases€with€twoÐ pÀ Ðassaults.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€then€ruled€that€the€indictments€could€be€consolidated:Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€I€think€Iððm€ready€to€rule,€unless€thereððs€somethingÐ  \ Ðelse€different.€€Of€course,€I€think€what€youððre€starting€to€talk€about,Ð øH Ðyouððre€sort€of€beginning€to€get€into€defenses€and€not€necessarily€theÐ ä4 Ðissue€of€severance.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àIn€light€of€the€fact€ð!ð€of€course,€youððre€right,€Mr.€Sloan.€Ð ¨ø ÐNormally,€when€youððve€got€two€separate€charges,€although€the€sameÐ ”ä Ðcharge,€that€occurred€on€two€separate€dates,€the€state€would€not€beÐ €Ð Ðallowed€and€entitled€to€try€those€together.€€There€are€some€exceptions;Ð l¼ Ðof€course,€one€of€them€is€a€common€scheme€or€plan,€one€of€them€isÐ X ¨ Ðif€thereððs€a€signature€crime,€which€the€marks€are€so€much€alike€andÐ D!” Ðitððs€such€an€unusual€thing€that€only€the€defendant€could€have€done€it,Ð 0"€  Ðgoing€toward€the€identity.€€Of€course,€in€this€case,€identity€is€not€aÐ #l! Ðproblem.Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àHowever,€it€appears€from€what€youððre€saying€that€intent,€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðcourse,€is€a€problem,€and€in€light€of€the€fact€that€the€intent€ð!ð€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðcourse,€the€state€is€trying€to€show€that€this€was€a€pattern€of€behaviorÐ ¸'#& Ðwhich€amounted€to€child€abuse,€or€aggravated€child€abuse.€€Iððm€sureÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthat€it€appears€that€the€defense€is€just€going€to€try€to€say€that€this€isÐ )à$( Ðnothing€more€than€mere€corporal€punishment€and€with€no€intent€at€allÐ |*Ì%) Ðto€commit€aggravated€child€abuse.Ðh+¸&*` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àTherefore,€going€to€that€issue€of€intent,€since€the€crimes,€as€Ms.Ð ° ÐBlack€had€indicated,€are€identical€in€every€feature,€the€same€place,€theÐ œì Ðsame€room,€the€same€method€of€administering€this€type€of€injury,€theÐ ˆØ Ðsame€weapon,€or€the€same€object€I€should€say,€or€instrument,€theyððreÐ tÄ Ðso€identical€to€each€other,€going€toward€that€issue€of€intent,€Iððm€goingÐ `° Ðto€allow€the€state€to€proceed€on€both€of€these€indictments.€€Iððm€goingÐ L œ Ðto€overrule€your€motion,€or€I€guess€Iððll€sustain€the€stateððs€motion€toÐ 8 ˆ Ðconsolidate,€I€suppose.€€Is€that€a€motion€to€consolidate,€I€guess€isÐ $ t Ðwhere€we€are?Ð `` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€€BLACK:€€Yes,€Your€Honor.Ðè 8 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€So€I€will€sustain€the€stateððs€oral€motion€toÐ À  Ðconsolidate.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌShortly€thereafter,€following€additional€colloquy€regarding€pretrial€matters,€the€prospective€jurorsÐ „Ô  Ðentered€the€courtroom€and€jury€selection€began.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€asserts€the€trial€court€erred€in€consolidating€the€indictments.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àJoinder€of€multiple€offenses€against€a€single€defendant€in€a€single€indictment€or€consolidationÐ  p Ðof€multiple€offenses€against€a€single€defendant€in€a€single€trial€are€governed€by€Rules€8,€13,€and€14Ð  \ Ðof€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€€Rule€8€states,€in€part:Ð øH ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àò òJoinder€of€Offenses€and€Defendants.ó óÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)à × àMandatory€Joinder€of€Offenses.--Two€or€more€offenses€shall€beÐ ¨ø Ðjoined€in€the€same€indictment,€presentment,€or€information,€with€eachÐ ”ä Ðoffense€stated€in€a€separate€count,€or€consolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13Ð €Ð Ðif€the€offenses€are€based€upon€the€same€conduct€or€arise€from€theÐ l¼ Ðsame€criminal€episode€and€if€such€offenses€are€known€to€theÐ X ¨ Ðappropriate€prosecuting€official€at€the€time€of€the€return€of€theÐ D!” Ðindictment(s),€presentment(s),€or€information(s)€and€if€they€are€withinÐ 0"€  Ðthe€jurisdiction€of€a€single€court.€€A€defendant€shall€not€be€subject€toÐ #l! Ðseparate€trials€for€multiple€offenses€falling€within€this€subsectionÐ $X" Ðunless€they€are€severed€pursuant€to€Rule€14.€€Ðô$D #` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(b)à × àPermissive€Joinder€of€Offenses.--Two€or€more€offenses€may€beÐ Ì&"% Ðjoined€in€the€same€indictment,€presentment,€or€information,€with€eachÐ ¸'#& Ðoffense€stated€in€a€separate€count,€or€consolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13Ð ¤(ô#' Ðif€the€offenses€constitute€parts€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan€or€if€theyÐ )à$( Ðare€of€the€same€or€similar€character.Ð|*Ì%)` x` x ÐÐ h+¸&* ЇÌà  àRule€13€allows€the€trial€court,€at€its€option,€to€consolidate€or€sever€offenses€for€trial€in€thoseÐ œì Ðinstances€where€either€the€State€or€the€defendant€could€have€elected€to€consolidate€or€sever.€€òòSee€óóÐ ˆØ ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€13,€Advisory€Commission€Cmts.€€Rule€13€states:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àò òConsolidation€or€Severance.ó óÐL œ` x` x ÐÓ€ '(G 80"%Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)à × àConsolidation.€€The€court€may€order€consolidation€of€two€orÐ 8 ˆ Ðmore€indictments,€presentments,€or€informations€for€trial€if€theÐ $ t Ðoffenses€and€all€defendants€could€have€been€joined€in€a€singleÐ  ` Ðindictment,€presentment,€or€information€pursuant€to€Rule€8.€€Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(b)à × àSeverance.€€The€court€may€order€a€severance€of€offenses€orÐ Ô$  Ðdefendants€before€trial€if€a€severance€could€be€obtained€on€motion€ofÐ À  Ða€defendant€or€of€the€state€pursuant€to€Rule€14.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà  àRule€14(b)€states,€in€part:Ð „Ô  ÐÌÓ€ )(&Ú88'Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)à × àIf€two€or€more€offenses€have€been€joined€or€consolidated€for€trialÐ \¬ Ðpursuant€to€Rule€8(b),€the€defendant€shall€have€a€right€to€a€severanceÐ H˜ Ðof€the€offenses€unless€the€offenses€are€part€of€a€common€scheme€orÐ 4„ Ðplan€and€the€evidence€of€one€would€be€admissible€upon€the€trial€of€theÐ  p Ðothers.€€Ð \` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)à × àIf€two€or€more€offenses€have€been€joined€or€consolidated€for€trialÐ ä4 Ðpursuant€to€Rule€8(a),€the€court€shall€grant€a€severance€of€offenses€inÐ Ð  Ðany€of€the€following€conditions:м ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(i)€If€before€trial€on€motion€of€the€state€or€the€defendant€it€isÐ ”ä Ðdeemed€appropriate€to€promote€a€fair€determination€of€theÐ €Ð Ðdefendantððs€guilt€or€innocence€of€each€offense.€€Ðl¼× ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(ii)€If€during€trial€with€consent€of€the€defendant€it€is€deemedÐ D!” Ðnecessary€to€achieve€a€fair€determination€of€the€defendantððsÐ 0"€  Ðguilt€or€innocence€of€each€offense.€€The€court€shall€considerÐ #l! Ðwhether,€in€light€of€the€number€of€offenses€charged€and€theÐ $X" Ðcomplexity€of€the€evidence€to€be€offered,€the€trier€of€factÐ ô$D # Ðwill€be€able€to€distinguish€the€evidence€and€apply€the€lawÐ à%0!$ Ðintelligently€as€to€each€offense.€€ÐÌ&"%× ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(iii)€If€the€Court€finds€merit€in€both€a€motion€by€the€districtÐ ¤(ô#' Ðattorney€general€for€a€continuance€based€upon€exigentÐ )à$( Ðcircumstances€that€temporarily€prevent€the€state€from€beingÐ |*Ì%) Ðready€for€trial€of€the€joined€prosecutions€and€an€objection€byÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€defendant€to€the€continuance€based€on€a€demand€forÐ ° Ðspeedy€trial.€€If€the€Court€grants€a€severance€under€thisÐ œì Ðsubdivision,€it€shall€also€grant€a€continuance€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðprosecutions€wherein€the€exigent€circumstances€exist.ÐtÄ× ×  ÐÌà  àOur€supreme€court€considered€various€aspects€of€consolidation€of€indictments€in€òòSpicer€v.Ð L œ ÐStateóó,€12€S.W.3d€438€(Tenn.€2000);€òòState€v.€Mooreóó,€6€S.W.3d€235€(Tenn.€1999);€and€òòState€v.€Shirleyóó,Ð 8 ˆ Ð6€S.W.3d€243€(Tenn.€1999).€€òòMooreóó€and€òòShirleyóó€dealt€with€multi-count€indictments,€the€defendantÐ $ t Ðin€each€case€requesting€that€certain€counts€be€severed€and€tried€separately.€€òòSpiceróó,€which€is€similarÐ  ` Ðto€the€instant€case€in€that€it€involved€the€consolidation€for€a€single€trial€of€two€separate€indictments,Ð ü L  Ðalleging€child€rape€and€aggravated€sexual€battery,€detailed€the€usual€routes€for€joinder,€consolidation,Ð è 8  Ðor€severanceòòóó:Ð Ô$  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àIn€the€vast€majority€of€permissive€joinder€and€severance€cases,Ð ¬ü  Ðthe€offenses€sought€to€be€joined€have€been€consolidated€by€the€stateÐ ˜è  Ðin€the€original€indictment€or€information€pursuant€to€Rule€8(b).€€In€theÐ „Ô  Ðusual€case,€therefore,€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€move€for€aÐ pÀ Ðseverance€of€those€offenses€and€to€satisfy€the€criteria€of€Rule€14(b)(1)Ð \¬ Ðbefore€separate€trials€will€be€granted.€€Unless€the€defendant€moves€toÐ H˜ Ðsever€the€offenses€prior€to€trial€or€at€an€otherwise€appropriate€time,Ð 4„ Ðthe€defendant€waives€the€right€to€seek€separate€trials€of€multipleÐ  p Ðoffenses.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(5);€14(a).€€Ð \` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àLess€frequently,€however,€the€state€may€seek€to€consolidateÐ ä4 Ðoffenses€contained€in€multiple€indictments€upon€motion€pursuant€toÐ Ð  ÐRule€of€Criminal€Procedure€13(a).€€When€a€defendant€objects€to€theÐ ¼  Ðconsolidation€motion,€the€state€must€then€demonstrate€that€theÐ ¨ø Ðoffenses€are€parts€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan€and€that€evidence€ofÐ ”ä Ðeach€offense€is€admissible€in€the€trial€of€the€others.€€After€anÐ €Ð Ðobjection€to€consolidation€has€been€overruled,€the€defendant€is€notÐ l¼ Ðthen€required€to€immediately€move€for€a€severance€in€order€toÐ X ¨ Ðpreserve€a€severance€issue€for€appeal.€€Because€the€trial€court€in€thisÐ D!” Ðsituation€is€to€consider€whether€consolidation€is€proper€in€light€ofÐ 0"€  ÐRule€14(b)(1),€a€rule€that€requires€a€defendant€to€formally€move€forÐ #l! Ða€severance€immediately€after€the€objection€to€consolidation€isÐ $X" Ðoverruled€makes€little€practical€sense.€€Further,€such€a€rule€wouldÐ ô$D # Ðemphasize€technicality€of€procedure€over€substantive€fairness,€wouldÐ à%0!$ Ðadd€unjustifiable€expense€and€delay€to€the€proceedings,€and€wouldÐ Ì&"% Ðdefeat€the€very€purposes€to€be€served€by€the€Rules€of€CriminalÐ ¸'#& ÐProcedure.Ф(ô#'` x` x ÐÌòòSpiceróó,€12€S.W.3d€at€443-44€(footnote€omitted).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Їà  àòòSpiceróó€described€the€type€of€hearing€which€must€be€held€before€there€can€be€a€consolidationÐ ° Ðof€offenses:Ð œì ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àA€motion€to€consolidate€or€sever€offenses€is€typically€a€pre-trialÐ tÄ Ðmotion,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(5),€and€consequently,€evidenceÐ `° Ðand€arguments€tending€to€establish€or€negate€the€propriety€ofÐ L œ Ðconsolidation€must€be€presented€to€the€trial€court€in€the€hearing€on€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðmotion.€€òòCf.óó€òòBruce€v.€Stateóó,€213€Tenn.€666,€670,€378€S.W.2d€758,€760Ð $ t Ð(1964)€(stating€that€decisions€to€join€offenses€necessarily€must€beÐ  ` Ðmade€prior€to€trial).€€Before€consolidation€is€proper,€the€trial€courtÐ ü L  Ðmust€conclude€from€the€evidence€and€arguments€presented€at€theÐ è 8  Ðhearing€that:€(1)€the€multiple€offenses€constitute€parts€of€a€commonÐ Ô$  Ðscheme€or€plan,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€14(b)(1);€(2)€evidence€of€eachÐ À  Ðoffense€is€relevant€to€some€material€issue€in€the€trial€of€all€the€otherÐ ¬ü  Ðoffenses,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b)(2);€òòMooreóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€239;€and€(3)Ð ˜è  Ðthe€probative€value€of€the€evidence€of€other€offenses€is€notÐ „Ô  Ðoutweighed€by€the€prejudicial€effect€that€admission€of€the€evidenceÐ pÀ Ðwould€have€on€the€defendant,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b)(3).€€Further,Ð \¬ Ðbecause€the€trial€courtððs€decision€of€whether€to€consolidate€offensesÐ H˜ Ðis€determined€from€the€evidence€presented€at€the€hearing,€appellateÐ 4„ Ðcourts€should€usually€only€look€to€that€evidence,€along€with€the€trialÐ  p Ðcourtððs€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€to€determine€whetherÐ  \ Ðthe€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€improperly€joining€the€offenses.€Ð øH ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌ12€S.W.3d€at€445€(footnote€omitted).Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àAlthough€òòSpiceróó€is€clear€in€explaining€the€procedure€that€a€trial€court€is€to€follow€in€rulingÐ ”ä Ðon€a€motion€to€consolidate€or€sever€indictments,€it€is€difficult€to€test€the€unique€circumstances€of€thisÐ €Ð Ðcase€by€that€procedure.€€According€to€the€statements€of€the€prosecutor€and€counsel€for€the€defendant,׃H×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð l¼ Ðthey€had€orally€agreed€prior€to€the€trial€date€that€the€two€aggravated€child€abuse€and€two€aggravatedÐ X ¨ Ðassault€indictments€would€be€consolidated€and€tried€in€the€same€proceeding.€€However,€on€theÐ D!” Ðmorning€of€the€trial,€with€the€prospective€jurors€apparently€waiting€to€come€into€the€courtroom,€theÐ 0"€  ÐState€recommended€that€the€two€aggravated€assault€indictments€against€the€defendant€be€dismissed,Ð #l! Ðwhereupon€defense€counsel€then€objected€to€the€two€remaining€aggravated€child€abuse€indictmentsÐ $X" Ðbeing€tried€together.׃K×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð ô$D # Їà  àòòSpiceróó€instructs€that€an€appellate€court€reviewing€a€consolidation€determination€usually€looksÐ ° Ðto€the€evidence€presented€at€the€pretrial€hearing,€as€well€as€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€andÐ œì Ðconclusions€of€law€in€determining€whether,€in€joining€the€offenses,€the€trial€court€abused€itsÐ ˆØ Ðdiscretion.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àIn€the€instant€case,€given€the€timing€and€circumstances€of€the€consolidation€hearing,€it€is€notÐ L œ Ðsurprising€that€the€hearing€was€somewhat€truncated.€€In€view€of€that€fact,€plus€the€fact€that€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðdefendant€has€complained€about€the€proof€presented€as€to€prior€whippings,€we€also€will€review€thatÐ $ t Ðproof€in€our€determination€as€to€the€merits€of€the€improper€consolidation€issue.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àRegarding€the€March€1€incident,€the€victim€testified€that€school€progress€reports€had€beenÐ è 8  Ðissued€and€he€had€made€some€ð ðlow€grades.ðð€€To€avoid€being€whipped,€the€victim€went€to€hisÐ Ô$  Ðgrandmotherððs€house,€whom€he€had€not€told€about€the€discipline.€€However,€she€called€the€victimððsÐ À  Ðmother,€and€he€then€went€home.€€He€said€that€he€was€made€to€bend€over€in€his€room€and€was€struckÐ ¬ü  Ðby€the€defendant,€using€the€braided€extension€cord,€fortified€with€coat€hangers€held€in€place€with€ductÐ ˜è  Ðtape.€€He€was€struck€on€his€buttocks€and€lower€back€and,€as€he€was€on€the€floor,€his€upper€back.€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àAs€to€the€April€9€incident,€the€victim€had€again€run€away€on€Friday,€April€3,€1998,€becauseÐ \¬ Ðreport€cards€were€about€to€be€issued,€and€gone,€as€he€did€before,€to€his€grandmotherððs€house.€€He€toldÐ H˜ Ðher€that€he€was€not€ð ðtaking€any€more€of€the€beatings.ðð€She€told€him€to€call€his€mother,€which€he€did,Ð 4„ Ðtelling€her€that€he€was€going€to€stay€at€his€grandmotherððs€house.€€He€was€picked€up€by€police€atÐ  p Ðschool€on€Tuesday,€April€7,€1998,€as€a€ð ðrunaway€childðð€and€taken€to€the€juvenile€detention€facility,Ð  \ Ðwhere€his€mother€later€picked€him€up€and€took€him€back€to€their€apartment.€€She€told€him€that€heÐ øH Ðð ðwas€going€to€get€beat€[sic]€anyway,€regardless€of€what€[he]€did,€if€[he]€left€or€whatever.ðð€€TheÐ ä4 Ðdefendant€arrived€back€at€the€apartment€on€Thursday,€April€9,€1998,€having€been€out€of€town.€€TheÐ Ð  Ðvictim€was€sitting€in€his€room€reading,€ð ðkind€of€getting€ready,€because€[he]€knew€what€was€goingÐ ¼  Ðto€happen.ðð€€The€defendant€entered€and€the€incident,€as€previously€described,€then€occurred.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThus,€features€common€to€the€occurrences€were€that€they€were€triggered€by€identical€extrinsicÐ €Ð Ðevents,€the€victimððs€receiving€unsatisfactory€grades,€which€caused€the€defendant€to€administerÐ l¼ Ðdiscipline,€using€a€braided€electrical€cord€to€strike€the€victim€on€his€back€and€buttocks€as€they€wereÐ X ¨ Ðin€the€victimððs€room.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àOur€review€of€the€defendantððs€claim€of€improper€consolidation€must€include€the€additionalÐ #l! Ðrelated€proof€presented€at€the€trial.€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àIn€the€trial€of€these€matters,€the€victim,€testifying€as€the€Stateððs€first€witness,€was€asked€nearÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€beginning€of€his€testimony€about€whippings€occurring€before€those€alleged€in€the€indictments.€Ð Ì&"% ÐAfter€the€victim€had€testified€as€to€these€prior€incidents,€saying€that€the€defendant€had€spanked€himÐ ¸'#& Ðand€his€brother€with€a€weight€belt€ð ðprobably€because€of€grades,ðð€trial€defense€counsel€asked€the€courtÐ ¤(ô#' Ðð ðagain,€could€we€approach€the€bench.ðð€€The€bench€conference€was€not€recorded.€€Following€it,€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court€overruled€whatever€objection€had€been€made€and€then€either€òòsua€sponteóó€or€at€the€requestÐ œì Ðof€counsel,€the€record€does€not€reveal€which,€instructed€as€to€the€testimony€regarding€the€prior€badÐ ˆØ Ðacts.€€According€to€the€defendantððs€brief,€trial€defense€counsel€objected€as€to€testimony€regardingÐ tÄ Ðprior€whippings€during€this€bench€conference€following€the€victimððs€testimony€as€to€prior€whippings.Ð `° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€asserts€on€appeal€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€permitting€testimony€as€to€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðprior€whippings,€the€prejudicial€effect€of€this€testimony€outweighing€its€probative€value.€€However,Ð $ t Ðthis€argument€overlooks€the€fact€that€the€references€to€the€prior€acts€were€not€objected€to€until€afterÐ  ` Ðthe€victim€had€testified€about€them.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àAs€stated€in€òòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ð ð[i]t€should€be€stressed€that€this€[Rule€404(b)]Ð Ô$  Ðhearing€is€only€mandatory€upon€request.€€If€no€request€for€a€jury„out€hearing€is€made,€the€court€is€notÐ À  Ðobligated€to€provide€one,€although€sound€judicial€practices€may€require€one€in€some€circumstancesÐ ¬ü  Ðdespite€the€absence€of€a€request.ðð€€Neil€P.€Cohen€et€al.,€òòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ðð€4.04[8][c]€(4thÐ ˜è  Ðed.€2000).€€Given€these€procedural€circumstances,€that€the€trial€record€does€not€reflect€that€thisÐ „Ô  Ðevidence€was€objected€to€until€after€the€victim€had€completed€his€testimony€as€to€the€priorÐ pÀ Ðwhippings,€we€conclude€that€the€defendant€waived€his€right€to€object€to€it,€and€cannot€now€do€so€onÐ \¬ Ðappeal€through€different€counsel.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€15€S.W.3d€880,€895€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999)Ð H˜ Ð(ð ðUnder€Rule€404(b),€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€requesting€a€jury€out€hearing.ðð),€òòperm.€toÐ 4„ Ðappeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€2000);€òòState€v.€Schalleróó,€975€S.W.2d€313,€319„20€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)€(byÐ  p Ðagreeing€or€acquiescing€to€the€admission€of€evidence,€a€party€does€not€preserve€as€an€issue€itsÐ  \ Ðadmissibility);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€103(a)(1);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).òòÐ øH ÐÌóóà  àWe€will€next€consider€the€defendantððs€claim€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€consolidating€theÐ Ð  Ðindictments€for€trial.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€defendant€argues,€on€appeal,€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€consolidating€theÐ ”ä Ðindictments,€this€approach€overlooks€the€fact€that€the€trial€defense€attorney€previously€had€agreedÐ €Ð Ðthat€the€cases€could€be€tried€together€but€changed€his€position€as€the€prospective€jurors€had€beenÐ l¼ Ðsummoned,€arguing€then€that€consolidation€was€improper.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€cannotÐ X ¨ Ðmeasure€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€consolidate€the€indictments€in€the€same€fashion€as€we€would€hadÐ D!” Ðthe€defendantððs€objection€been€timely.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€the€defendant€waived€his€right€toÐ 0"€  Ðobject€to€consolidation€of€the€indictments€by€waiting€to€do€so€until€the€morning€of€the€trial.€€òòSeeóóÐ #l! ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12.׃<×Ý ƒ8#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð $X" Ðà  àòòÌóóà  àAs€to€the€victimððs€testimony€regarding€prior€whippings,€the€defendant€also€argues€on€appealÐ œì Ðthat€the€cautionary€instruction€given€by€the€trial€court€immediately€following€this€testimony€wasÐ ˆØ Ðinsufficient€to€remove€its€prejudicial€effect.€€Since€the€defendant€does€not€point€to€any€allegedÐ tÄ Ðdeficiency€or€omission€in€the€instructions,€we€presume€his€claim€to€be€that€the€cautionary€instruction,Ð `° Ðalthough€adequate€in€itself,€was€insufficient€to€erase€the€taint€from€the€evidence€of€the€priorÐ L œ Ðwhippings.€€However,€in€view€of€our€conclusion€as€to€that€evidence,€we€determine€that€the€complaintÐ 8 ˆ Ðas€to€cautionary€instructions€is€without€merit.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àAdditionally,€we€conclude€that€likewise€without€merit€is€the€defendantððs€argument€on€appealÐ ü L  Ðthat€the€prosecution€violated€ð ðthe€limited€authorityðð€of€the€trial€court€to€present€evidence€of€priorÐ è 8  Ðincidents,€and€that€the€repeated€references€to€this€evidence€violated€the€defendantððs€rights€to€dueÐ Ô$  Ðprocess€and€to€a€fair€trial.€€References€are€not€made€to€the€record€evidencing€either€that€the€trial€court€Ð À  Ðlimited€the€authority€of€the€State€to€use€this€evidence€or€repeated€instances€of€the€Stateððs€doing€so.€Ð ¬ü  ÐAccordingly,€we€conclude€that€this€objection€is€waived.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€Tenn.Ð ˜è  ÐR.€App.€P.€27(a)(7)€&€(g);€òòState€v.€Killebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€230€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àA€component€of€the€defendantððs€claim€that€the€consolidation€of€the€indictments€wasÐ \¬ Ðerroneous€is€the€argument,€citing€òòState€v.€Kendrickóó,€38€S.W.3d€566€(Tenn.€2001),€that€an€electionÐ H˜ Ðof€offenses€was€created€by€the€consolidation€and/or€proof€as€to€similar€whippings.€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àIn€òòKendrickóó,€although€the€defendant€was€charged€with€a€single€count€of€aggravated€rape,€theÐ  \ Ðtrial€testimony€was€that€he€had€forced€the€victim€to€perform€fellatio€on€him€and€then,€five€to€tenÐ øH Ðminutes€later,€had€forced€her€to€engage€in€vaginal€intercourse.€€In€reversing€the€conviction,€the€courtÐ ä4 Ðð ðreject[ed]€the€Stateððs€contention€that€only€one€continuous€offense€was€committed€simply€becauseÐ Ð  Ðthe€offenses€were€committed€close€in€time€and€place.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€569€(footnote€omitted).Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àAs€supplemental€authority€for€his€argument€that€an€election€of€offenses€was€required,€theÐ ”ä Ðdefendant€relies€upon€the€opinion€of€this€court€in€òòState€v.€Kenneth€Chamblyóó,€No.€E2000„01719„Ð €Ð ÐCCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€1028831€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Sept.€7,€2001).€€In€that€case,€the€defendant€wasÐ l¼ Ðindicted€for€multiple€incidents€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€ð ðin€the€month€of€January€1998,ðð€againstÐ X ¨ Ðtwins,€age€10,€and€their€sister,€age€8.€€òòId.óó€at€*1.€€The€prosecution€presented€proof€of€ð ð[m]ultipleÐ D!” Ðoffenses,€multiple€dates,€and€multiple€locations,ðð€òòid.óó€at€*3,€but€did€not€elect€as€to€the€particularÐ 0"€  Ðoffense€for€which€it€was€seeking€a€conviction.€€In€the€instant€case,€by€contrast,€the€offenses€wereÐ #l! Ðalleged€to€have€occurred€on€specified€dates.€€As€we€have€set€out,€the€proof€as€to€the€occurrences€onÐ $X" Ðboth€of€those€dates€left€no€question€as€to€when,€how,€or€where€the€events€occurred.€€Accordingly,€thisÐ ô$D # Ðdecision€does€not€advance€the€defendantððs€argument.Ð à%0!$ Ðâ âÐ Ì&"% Ðà  àOur€supreme€court€explained€in€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€53€S.W.3d€628,€630€(Tenn.€2001),€theÐ ° Ðâ âprosecutionððs€responsibility€as€to€the€election€of€offenses:€€ð ðThis€Court€has€consistently€held€that€theÐ œì Ðprosecution€must€elect€the€facts€upon€which€it€is€relying€to€establish€the€charged€offense€if€evidenceÐ ˆØ Ðis€introduced€at€trial€indicating€that€the€defendant€has€committed€multiple€offenses€against€theÐ tÄ Ðvictim.ðð€€òòId.óó€(citations€omitted).Ð `° ÐÌà  àHowever,€the€election€necessity€applies€when€there€is€proof€of€multiple€offenses€committedÐ 8 ˆ Ðduring€the€period€alleged€in€the€indictment:Ð $ t ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[W]e€recognized€in€òòRickmanóó€that€out€of€necessity€indictments€oftenÐ ü L  Ðcharge€general€time€frames€that€encompass€several€months.€€In€thoseÐ è 8  Ðinstances,€we€concluded€that€the€State€may€introduce€evidence€of€sexÐ Ô$  Ðcrimes€allegedly€committed€against€the€victim€during€the€time€frameÐ À  Ðcharged€in€the€indictment,€but,€at€the€close€of€the€proof,€the€StateÐ ¬ü  Ðmust€elect€the€facts€upon€which€it€is€relying€for€conviction.Иè ` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€at€631€(citation€omitted).Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àIn€the€instant€case,€both€indictments€alleged€that€the€defendant€committed€aggravated€ch