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HKKKKÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€OE»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼OE»»»ÔÑ8€ÍXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îJ¨î»¼OEÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼OE»îîJ¨ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJuly€27,€2004€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XÍX»¼OEÔÌò òÔ#†¼OE»XXÍû#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€JUDY€C.€TURNERòòóóÔ‡XÍX»¼OEÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Sevier€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€8922€€€€€€Richard€R.€Vance,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2003„02440„CCA„R3„CD€„€December€7,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓIndicted€for€aggravated€burglary€and€the€attempted€first„degree€murder€of€her€estranged€husband,Ð xÈ  ÐJudy€C.€Turner€entered€a€best„interests€plea€to€assault€with€intent€to€commit€second„degree€murder,Ð d´ Ða€Class€B€felony.€As€part€of€a€plea€agreement€with€the€state,€the€aggravated€burglary€charge€wasÐ P  Ðdismissed.€€The€length€and€manner€of€service€of€the€defendantððs€sentence€was€reserved€for€the€trialÐ <Œ Ðcourtððs€determination.€€The€trial€court€denied€alternative€sentencing€and€imposed€a€nine„yearÐ (x Ðincarcerative€sentence.€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€argues€that€she€should€have€received€an€eight„yearÐ d Ðsentence€making€her€eligible€for€probation€or€split€confinement.€€For€the€following€reasons,€weÐ P Ðaffirm€the€judgment.Ô#†¼OE»XXÍq#ÔÔ‡XÍX»¼OEÔ€€Ð ì< ÐÓ‡ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.€Ð Ä Ðó óÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼OE»àXÍ #ÔÔ‡XÍX.¼OEÔJames€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.,€óóJ.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€andÐ œì ÐòòJerry€L.€Smith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌRebecca€D.€Slone,€Dandridge,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€Judy€C.€Turner.Ð `° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Michelle€Chapman€McIntire,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ 8!ˆ  ÐGeneral;€Al€C.€Schmutzer,€Jr.,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steven€R.€Hawkins,€Assistant€DistrictÐ $"t! ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð #`" ÐÓ®ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼OE»XXÍÝ#ÔÔ‡XÍX»¼OEÔÐ è$8 $ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼OE»XXÍ„ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÍX»¼OEÔÑ€MOaÑò òó óà  àà ` àThis€appeal€stems€from€a€protracted€and€rather€complex€sentencing€hearing.€€TheÐ À&"& Ðbasic€facts€underlying€the€conviction€offense€are,€however,€virtually€undisputed.€€During€the€eveningÐ ¬'ü"' Ðof€July€4,€2001,€or€the€early€morning€hours€of€July€5,€2001,€the€defendant€drove€from€her€residenceÐ ˜(è#( Ðin€South€Carolina€to€her€husbandððs€home€in€Sevier€County.€€The€defendantððs€husband,€ArmondÐ „)Ô$) ÐTurner,€lived€in€the€gated€community€of€Shagbark,€along€with€three€of€the€coupleððs€children.Ð p*À%* ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€parked€her€automobile€at€a€nearby€church,€removed€the€carððs€SouthÐ H,˜', ÐCarolina€license€plate,€and€put€a€note€on€the€windshield,€ð ðLeft€to€go€with€boyfriend.€€Be€back€soon.ðð€Ð 4-„(-ý ÐThe€defendant€ventured€into€the€woods€surrounding€the€gated€community€to€locate€the€victimððsÐ ° Ðresidence€and€then€surreptitiously€gained€entry€into€the€house.€€The€defendant€proceeded€upstairs€toÐ œì Ðthe€victimððs€bedroom€where€he€was€asleep.€€The€defendant€hit€the€sleeping€victim€in€the€head€twiceÐ ˆØ Ðwith€a€claw€hammer.€€The€victim€awoke€in€pain€and€struggled€with€the€defendant.€€During€theÐ tÄ Ðstruggle,€the€defendant€fell€or€was€pushed€down€the€stairs,€allowing€the€victim€to€escape€barefoot€toÐ `° Ða€neighborððs€house€to€summon€help.€€Law€enforcement€officers€later€apprehended€the€defendant€whoÐ L œ Ðwas€hiding€nearby€by€a€bale€of€hay.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendantððs€aberrant€conduct€and€what€precipitated€her€behavior€were€the€focalÐ  ` Ðpoints€of€the€sentencing€hearing€commenced€on€July€28€and€continued€and€concluded€on€SeptemberÐ ü L  Ð9,€2003.€€The€state€called€the€victim€as€its€first€witness.€€Armond€Turner€testified€that€he€had€livedÐ è 8  Ðat€2821€Overholt€Trail,€in€the€Shagbark€community,€for€eleven€years.€€He€spent€fifteen€years€as€aÐ Ô$  ÐStaff€Officer€and€United€States€Air€Force€fighter€pilot€before€entering€the€private€workforce€in€1980Ð À  Ðand€starting€his€own€business€as€a€landlord.€€After€being€discharged€from€the€military,€the€victimÐ ¬ü  Ðmoved€to€Columbia,€South€Carolina,€and€he€and€the€defendant€were€married€in€1982.€€The€coupleÐ ˜è  Ðhad€four€children.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€1993,€the€victim€moved€to€Sevier€County€with€the€four€children.€€The€victimÐ \¬ Ðtestified€that€the€defendant€had€never€lived€at€the€Shagbark€residence,€although€she€had€occasionallyÐ H˜ Ðstayed€at€the€home€while€visiting€the€children.€€The€victim€described€the€neighborhood€as€a€gatedÐ 4„ Ðcommunity€with€24„hour€security.€€The€victim€was€unsure€but€thought€it€entirely€possible€that€theÐ  p Ðdefendant€had€obtained€a€key€to€the€residence.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€victim€related€that€he€had€filed€for€divorce€in€June€of€1997.€€Pursuant€to€a€courtÐ ä4 Ðorder,€the€victim€had€temporary€custody€of€the€children,€and€the€divorce€was€pending€at€the€time€ofÐ Ð  Ðthe€defendantððs€assault.€€Also,€the€victim€said€that€the€defendant€was€aware€the€coupleððs€two€sonsÐ ¼  Ðwere€away€at€Boy€Scout€camp.€€One€of€the€coupleððs€daughters,€Serena,€was€preparing€to€enter€collegeÐ ¨ø Ðin€a€couple€of€weeks€at€the€University€of€Tennessee,€and€the€other€daughter€was€married€and€livingÐ ”ä Ðin€Michigan.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àAccording€to€the€victim,€he€and€the€defendant€ð ðhad€arguments€all€the€time,ðð€and€heÐ X ¨ Ðcould€not€recall€the€last€time€he€spoke€with€the€defendant€prior€to€the€attack.€€He€did€not€go€to€bedÐ D!” Ðthat€evening€until€midnight€or€thereafter.€€The€victim€was€uncertain€if€his€outside€doors€were€lockedÐ 0"€  Ðbut€said€that€he€routinely€did€secure€the€doors.€€The€victim€related,€ð ðI€went€to€sleep€and€the€first€thingÐ #l! ÐI€remember€was€just€.€.€.€I€was€in€a€totally€black€room€and€I€felt€pain€and€a€giant€flash€of€light€thatÐ $X" Ðcovered€eighty€or€ninety€percent€of€my€view€field€and€it€just€really€hurt.ðð€€Immediately€afterwards,Ð ô$D # Ðhe€felt€the€same€pain,€and€when€he€opened€his€eyes,€he€saw€the€defendant.€€The€victim€said€that€heÐ à%0!$ Ðthrew€up€his€arms,€got€out€of€the€bed,€and€struggled€with€the€defendant.€€He€recalled€being€at€the€topÐ Ì&"% Ðof€the€stairs,€and€below€he€saw€Serena,€who€shouted€to€her€mother,€ð ðWhat€are€you€doing€here?ðð€€HeÐ ¸'#& Ðinstructed€his€daughter€to€call€911;€Serena€hesitated,€but€when€she€moved€to€leave,€the€defendantÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsaid,€ð ðIf€you€call€911€I€will€die.ðð€€The€victimððs€account€of€what€next€happened€is€somewhat€muddled,Ð )à$( Ðbut€evidently€he€and€the€defendant€began€shoving€each€other,€and€the€defendant€tumbled€down€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðstairs€to€the€bottom€landing.Ð h+¸&* ÐÑMOaÑâ MâѰ°Ñâ MâÑ  Ñà  àà ` àThe€victim€testified€that€after€the€fall,€he€shouted€for€his€daughter€to€get€into€their€Jeep€Ð ° Ðand€leave.€€In€the€meantime,€the€victim€grabbed€some€clothing€and€ran€out€the€back€door,€down€theÐ œì Ðdriveway,€and€down€a€freshly€graveled€road€to€a€neighborððs€house€to€summon€help.€€When€the€policeÐ ˆØ Ðarrived,€the€victim€explained€what€had€happened;€he€was€taken€to€the€hospital€and€treated€for€theÐ tÄ Ðblows€to€his€head€and€the€injuries€to€his€feet€that€occurred€when€he€ran€barefoot€from€the€house.€€InÐ `° Ðterms€of€the€healing€process,€the€victim€testified€that€he€has€residual€problems€with€his€left€arm€andÐ L œ Ðcontinuing€pain€with€his€feet.€€Emotionally,€the€victim€described€the€effect€of€the€incident€as€ð ðveryÐ 8 ˆ Ðdestructiveðð€for€himself€and€the€children.€€He€said€that€he€is€constantly€fearful€of€another€attack.€Ð $ t ÐMoreover,€because€of€the€lengthy€recovery€period,€the€victim€explained€that€the€assault€had€been€anÐ  ` Ðeconomic€ð ðdisasterðð€for€him.€€The€victim€expressed€his€desire€that€the€defendant€be€incarcerated€forÐ ü L  Ða€lengthy€time€because€he€was€fearful€of€another€attack.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€cross„examination,€the€victim€agreed€that€during€the€eleven€or€twelve€years€thatÐ À  Ðhe€and€the€defendant€were€separated,€they€spoke€little€to€each€other€except€regarding€the€children€andÐ ¬ü  Ðfinancial€issues.€€Prior€to€the€assault,€the€last€time€the€defendant€had€been€to€the€victimððs€residenceÐ ˜è  Ðwas€during€the€Christmas€holidays€in€2000.€€After€that€visit,€the€victim€asked€the€defendant€not€toÐ „Ô  Ðreturn,€and€he€instructed€the€hired€guards€not€to€admit€her€into€the€neighborhood.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€victim€admitted€that€during€the€marriage,€he€and€the€defendant€had€manyÐ H˜ Ðdisagreements,€and€at€different€times,€each€one€had€called€911€to€report€abuse.€€He€denied,€however,Ð 4„ Ðhaving€been€physically€and€verbally€abusive€toward€the€children,€although€after€considerableÐ  p Ðprodding,€he€conceded€that€he€curses€badly€when€he€is€angry€and€that€he€ð ðprobably€cursedðð€at€theÐ  \ Ðchildren.€€The€defense€inquired€about€his€aggression€toward€the€defendant,€and€the€victim€eitherÐ øH Ðdenied€the€occurrences€or€dismissed€them€as€events€that€had€transpired€more€than€eleven€yearsÐ ä4 Ðearlier.€€Indeed,€in€his€victim€impact€statement€given€to€the€presentence€investigator,€Mr.€TurnerÐ Ð  Ðmaintained€that€he€had€been€abused€on€a€continuing€basis€while€living€with€the€defendant.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defense€inquired€about€possible€motives€for€the€defendant€to€abuse€him.€Ð ”ä ÐAlthough€not€entirely€clear,€the€victim€evidently€believed€that€the€defendant€blamed€him€for€losingÐ €Ð Ðcustody€of€her€child€by€a€previous€marriage€and€that€the€defendant€might€profit€by€inheritingÐ l¼ Ðinsurance€and€property€in€the€victimððs€name.€€The€victim€conceded,€however,€that€he€and€theÐ X ¨ Ðdefendant€had€a€prenuptial€agreement€that€limited€the€defendant€to€retaining€only€her€separateÐ D!” Ðproperty.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àRegarding€his€injuries€from€the€assault,€the€victim€agreed€that€the€hospital€staffÐ $X" Ðdetected€no€internal€injuries.€€Likewise,€he€sustained€no€defensive€injuries€to€his€hands€or€arms.€€InÐ ô$D # Ðfact,€he€was€released€to€go€home€after€his€lacerations€were€stitched.€€At€the€time€of€the€assault,€theÐ à%0!$ Ðvictim€weighed€over€200€pounds€and€stood€five€feet,€nine€inches€tall.€€He€had€military€defensiveÐ Ì&"% Ðtraining€and€held€a€Judo€brown€belt.€€The€victim€did€not€know€whether€the€claw€hammer€that€theÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant€used€was€one€that€he€owned.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€had€been€released€on€bond€approximately€three€months€prior€to€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðsentencing€hearing.€€The€victim€registered€a€number€of€complaints€regarding€her€behavior,€such€asÐ h+¸&* Ðcalling€the€children€on€their€cellular€telephones,€driving€a€vehicle€that€the€victim€had€provided€forÐ ° Ðhis€sonððs€use,€and€having€a€ð ðhostile€attitude.ðð€€As€for€the€defendant€being€a€physical€threat,€the€victimÐ œì Ðsaid,€ð ðI€donððt€think€she€could€hurt€me,€if€it€was€just€her€attacking€me.€€But€when€she€has€a€weapon[,]Ð ˆØ Ðand€Iððm€sleeping€then€Iððm€terrified.ðð€€In€his€victim€impact€statement€to€the€presentence€officer,€theÐ tÄ Ðvictim€also€claimed€that€the€assault€had€a€detrimental€impact€on€the€children€and€that€the€childrenÐ `° Ðwere€afraid€of€their€mother.€€The€defense,€however,€pointed€out€that€Serena€testified€at€theÐ L œ Ðpreliminary€hearing€that€she€was€ð ðnot€the€leastðð€afraid€of€her€mother,€Serena€had€written€letters€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðtaken€money€to€her€jailed€mother,€Serena€had€visited€her€mother€after€her€mother€was€released€onÐ $ t Ðbond,€the€oldest€son€was€an€excellent€student€and€had€been€awarded€a€full€college€scholarship,€and€Ð  ` Ðthe€oldest€daughter€had€written€letters€and€mailed€gifts€to€the€jailed€defendant.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€oldest€daughter,€Carissa€Karanth,€who€resided€in€Michigan€traveled€to€TennesseeÐ Ô$  Ðand€testified€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€She€corroborated€much€of€what€her€father€claimed.€€She€hadÐ À  Ðwitnessed€many€arguments€between€her€parents€over€the€years.€€According€to€Carissa,€the€defendantÐ ¬ü  Ðwas€the€aggressor€most€of€the€time.€€Carissa€recalled€her€mother€throwing€things€such€as€clothes,Ð ˜è  Ðspoons,€and€pots€at€her€father€and€at€Carissa€herself.€€Carissa€said€that€she€had€been€struck€by€herÐ „Ô  Ðmother;€she€denied€ever€being€struck€by€her€father€other€than€parental€paddling€for€discipline.€Ð pÀ ÐCarissa€admitted,€however,€that€her€father€had€yelled€and€screamed€at€the€children€and€had€cursedÐ \¬ Ðand€said€ð ðugly€thingsðð€to€them.€€She€explained€his€conduct€on€the€basis€that€ð ð[h]eððs€a€military€man,Ð H˜ Ðhe€likes€things€organized€and€kids€arenððt€always€organized.ðð€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€cross„examination,€Carissa€confirmed€that€she€had€come€to€the€jail€to€visit€herÐ  \ Ðmother€and€had€sent€her€mother€stamps€and€Ô_Ôstationery.Ô_Ô€€Carissa€explained€that€she€ð ðfelt€sorryðð€forÐ øH Ðher€mother.€€In€terms€of€what€she€witnessed€as€a€teenager,€Carissa€recalled€both€parents€actingÐ ä4 Ðinappropriately.€€Once,€her€father€forcibly€pushed€aside€and€knocked€over€chairs.€€Twice,€her€motherÐ Ð  Ðhad€thrown€coffee€on€her€father.€€Carissa€denied€that€her€father€had€threatened€to€disown€her€if€sheÐ ¼  Ðdid€not€support€him€in€litigation€against€her€mother.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defense€proof€at€sentencing€was€extensive€and€began€with€the€defendantððsÐ €Ð Ðtestimony.€€The€defendant€testified€that€she€was€58€years€old€and€was€a€retired€registered€nurse.€€SheÐ l¼ Ðhad€practiced€nursing€for€36€years€and€was€still€registered€in€South€Carolina€and€Tennessee.€€As€aÐ X ¨ Ðregistered€nurse,€the€defendant€had€worked€numerous€positions,€from€staff€nurse€to€supervisoryÐ D!” Ðpositions.€€Most€of€her€work,€the€defendant€explained,€had€been€with€trauma€units€in€emergencyÐ 0"€  Ðrooms.€€Her€last€work€was€with€the€Veterans€Administration€Hospital€in€Columbia,€South€Carolina.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€had€been€married€to€the€victim€for€21€years.€€They€had€been€in€divorceÐ ô$D # Ðlitigation€since€1997€but€had€been€separated€since€1993€when€the€victim€moved€to€Tennessee.€€AfterÐ à%0!$ Ðhe€moved€to€Tennessee,€the€victim€dictated€when€the€defendant€could€and€could€not€visit€with€theÐ Ì&"% Ðchildren.€€The€defendant€testified€that€the€impetus€for€the€residence€change€was€two„fold.€€TheÐ ¸'#& Ðchildren€were€in€private€school€in€South€Carolina,€which€became€increasingly€difficult€to€afford€onÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€defendantððs€salary.€€Also,€the€oldest€daughter€became€sexually€active,€resulting€in€statutory€rapeÐ )à$( Ðâ âcharges€being€brought€against€her€boyfriend.€€The€defendant€agreed,€reluctantly,€for€the€victim€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðtemporarily€relocate€with€the€children€to€Tennessee.€€The€defendant€did€not€move€with€the€familyÐ ° Ðbecause€she€had€steady€employment€and€retirement€benefits.€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€elaborated€about€her€early€years€of€marriage€to€the€victim€and€aboutÐ tÄ Ðtheir€financial€struggles€leading€to€the€defendantððs€return€to€the€workforce,€even€though€they€hadÐ `° Ðyoung€children€at€the€time.€€The€defendant€denied€that€she€had€ever€abused€the€victim,€but€she€relatedÐ L œ Ða€pattern€of€domestic€violence€that€escalated€over€time.€€According€to€the€defendant,€they€arguedÐ 8 ˆ Ðalmost€on€a€daily€basis,€even€after€they€separated.€€Contrary€to€the€victimððs€testimony,€the€defendantÐ $ t Ðsaid€that€he€frequently€threw€things€at€her€and€the€children.€€The€defendant€identified€one€photographÐ  ` Ðof€their€South€Carolina€residence,€showing€the€kitchen€strewn€with€garbage,€and€she€testified€thatÐ ü L  Ðthe€victim€had€become€angry€and€dumped€a€trash€can€in€the€floor.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€testified€at€length€and€in€great€detail€about€the€family€dynamics€in€theÐ À  Ðhousehold.€€We€need€not€recount€all€the€particulars.€€Suffice€it€to€say€that€the€defendant€describedÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€victim€as€controlling,€verbally€abusive€toward€the€children€and€herself,€sometimes€physicallyÐ ˜è  Ðabusive,€and€unreasonably€demanding€concerning€ð ðchoresðð€that€he€expected€the€children€to€perform.€Ð „Ô  ÐThe€defendant€identified€and€introduced€an€audio€tape€that€her€daughter€Serena€had€recorded€manyÐ pÀ Ðyears€earlier€wherein€the€victim€was€cursing€and€referring€to€Serena€in€highly€disparaging€terms.€€TheÐ \¬ Ðdefendant€also€identified€a€handwritten€note€by€Serena€quoting€her€father€as€calling€the€childrenÐ H˜ Ðð ðassholes,ðð€ð ðbitches,ðð€and€ð ðbastardsðð€and€telling€them€that€they€ð ðwerenððt€worth€raising.ðð€€TheÐ 4„ Ðdefendant€had€also€saved€a€diary€that€one€of€her€sons€had€kept;€she€read€excerpts€from€daily€entriesÐ  p Ðin€1997€reporting€that€the€victim€had€come€at€one€of€the€daughters€ð ðlike€a€boxing€man€and€hit€her,ððÐ  \ Ðthat€the€victim€was€not€ð ðpopping€[the€children]€as€much€the€last€month,ðð€and€that€the€victim€threwÐ øH Ðan€air€conditioner€part€and€gas€can€at€the€diaryððs€author.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àAccording€to€the€defendant,€the€victimððs€behavior€interfered€with€her€employmentÐ ¼  Ðobligations.€€She€testified€that€the€victim€would€telephone€her€at€work€several€times€a€day,€andÐ ¨ø Ðbecause€he€would€be€screaming€in€a€loud€voice,€everyone€in€the€nurseððs€station€could€hear€him.€€TheÐ ”ä Ðdefendant€said€that€ð ðit€was€very€embarrassing.ðð€€The€defendant€also€testified€that€once€the€victimÐ €Ð Ðcalled€the€defendantððs€supervising€nurse€and€tried€to€get€the€defendant€fired.€€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€was€asked€how€the€victimððs€behavior€had€affected€her€emotionally.€Ð D!” ÐThe€defendant€explained€that€shortly€before€the€assault,€she€had€sought€treatment€for€depression.€€AnÐ 0"€  Ðemergency€room€physician€wrote€the€defendant€a€prescription€for€Paxil.€€Before€taking€Paxil,€theÐ #l! Ðdefendant€had€consistently€received€excellent€proficiency€reports;€afterwards,€she€was€reprimandedÐ $X" Ðby€her€supervisor,€Amy€Joseph.€€The€defendantððs€recall€of€that€incident€was€hazy,€as€was€her€memoryÐ ô$D # Ðof€the€assault€on€the€victim.€€The€defendant€testified€that€she€could€not€recall€driving€to€TennesseeÐ à%0!$ Ðand€that,€under€the€best€of€circumstances,€she€would€have€found€it€physically€challenging€to€traverseÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€rough€terrain€around€the€victimððs€neighborhood.€€Only€after€being€arrested€did€the€defendantÐ ¸'#& Ðrealize€that€her€body€was€badly€bruised€and€that€she€had€a€big€knot€on€her€head.€€The€defendant€spentÐ ¤(ô#' Ðten€months€in€pretrial€detention€in€the€Sevier€County€Jail,€during€which€time€she€did€not€take€Paxil.€Ð )à$( ÐAlso,€during€that€time,€the€defendant€had€no€disciplinary€problems.€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àWith€the€financial€assistance€of€friends,€the€defendant€ultimately€was€able€to€postÐ ° Ðbond.€€The€defendant€said€that€since€her€release,€she€had€been€living€with€various€friends€becauseÐ œì Ðthe€victim€had€locked€her€out€of€the€residence€in€South€Carolina.€€The€defendant€was€under€the€careÐ ˆØ Ðof€a€psychologist€and€a€psychiatrist,€taking€Ô_ÔNortriptyleneÔ_Ô€for€depression,€and€had€retired€fromÐ tÄ Ðnursing.€€To€be€closer€to€her€children,€the€defendant€had€relocated€to€Tennessee.Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àDefense€counsel€attempted€to€draw€upon€the€defendantððs€medical€expertise€to€testifyÐ 8 ˆ Ðabout€negative€reactions€to€and€side€effects€associated€with€Paxil.€€The€defendant€explained€that€sheÐ $ t Ðhad€sought€out€one€of€the€leading€experts€in€the€country,€Dr.€Peter€Breggin,€to€testify€about€the€sideÐ  ` Ðeffects€of€frequently€prescribed€antidepressants,€such€as€Paxil€and€Prozac.€€However,€Dr.€BregginððsÐ ü L  Ðexpert€fees€„„€beginning€at€$50,000€„„€were€prohibitively€expensive€to€retain€his€services.€€As€anÐ è 8  Ðalternative,€the€defendant,€with€the€courtððs€permission,€introduced€and€summarized€findingsÐ Ô$  Ðpublished€by€Dr.€Breggin,€who€has€also€testified€in€numerous€criminal€cases€about€the€effects€ofÐ À  Ðantidepressants.€€In€essence,€the€antidepressant,€Paxil,€is€a€serotonin€blocker€that,€according€to€Dr.Ð ¬ü  ÐBreggin,€can€trigger€a€drug„induced€mania€leading€to€suicide€and€other€aggressive,€violent€acts.€€ForÐ ˜è  Ðindividuals€already€suffering€from€depression,€such€an€antidepressant€can€cause€severe€anxiety€andÐ „Ô  Ðagitation.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€cross„examination,€the€state€explored€the€defendantððs€claimed€inability€to€recallÐ H˜ Ðassaulting€the€victim€or€even€being€arrested.€€The€defendant€said€that€her€last€certain€memory€wasÐ 4„ Ðthe€victim€coming€to€South€Carolina€the€week€prior€to€July€4€and€her€daughter€Serena€begging€notÐ  p Ðto€return€to€Tennessee.€€The€defendant€agreed€that€she€was€familiar€with€the€interior€layout€of€theÐ  \ Ðvictimððs€house,€inasmuch€as€she€had€ð ðcleaned€the€house€repeatedly.ðð€€She,€likewise,€agreed€knowingÐ øH Ðthat€the€boys€were€away€that€week€at€camp,€because€she€ð ðhad€paid€for€the€camp.ððÐ ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defense€read€into€the€record€excerpts€from€the€preliminary€hearing€testimony€ofÐ ¼  ÐOfficer€Robertson€who€was€dispatched€to€the€victimððs€neighborhood€and€apprehended€the€defendant.€Ð ¨ø ÐOfficer€Robertson€testified€that€he€found€the€defendant€hiding€in€a€briar€thicket,€wet€and€coveredÐ ”ä Ðwith€mud.€€The€defendant€told€him€that€she€was€looking€for€her€son.€€Other€things€the€defendant€wasÐ €Ð Ðtalking€about€ð ðdidnððt€make€senseðð€to€the€officer.€€Another€officer€who€later€arrived€at€the€scene,Ð l¼ ÐOfficer€Holt,€testified€at€the€preliminary€hearing€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðpale,€damp,€wet,€and€toldÐ X ¨ Ð[him]€she€was€looking€for€her€son.ðð€€When€asked€to€describe€the€defendantððs€demeanor,€Officer€HoltÐ D!” Ðsaid€that€she€was€ð ðincoherent€and€out€of€breath.ððÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendantððs€former€nursing€supervisor,€Amelia€Joseph,€testified€that€theÐ $X" Ðdefendant€had€been€a€good€employee€who€worked€primarily€on€the€weekends€as€the€charge€nurse.€Ð ô$D # ÐMs.€Joseph€said€that€the€defendant€ð ðreacted€well€to€emergency€situationsðð€and€took€good€care€of€theÐ à%0!$ Ðpatients.€€Ms.€Joseph€recalled€that€shortly€prior€to€July€4,€2001,€she€noticed€a€change€in€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendantððs€behavior,€such€as€ð ðnot€attending€to€the€task€at€hand,€sort€of€flitting€from€thing€to€thingÐ ¸'#& Ðwithout€completing€it.ðð€€Ms.€Joseph€reprimanded€the€defendant,€and€they€discussed€the€defendantððsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðproblem€on€two€occasions.€€Ms.€Joseph€said€that€the€defendant€confided€that€she€had€started€takingÐ )à$( ÐPaxil.€€Ms.€Joseph€recounted€a€couple€of€incidents,€illustrating€the€defendantððs€ð ðbizarreðð€behavior,Ð |*Ì%) Ðwhich€peaked€on€July€2€to€the€point€that€Ms.€Joseph€had€decided€that€after€Independence€Day€sheÐ h+¸&* Ðwould€have€to€give€the€defendant€written€notice€to€ð ðshape€upðð€because€patient€care€was€beingÐ ° Ðcompromised.€€The€defendantððs€intervening€arrest€changed€those€plans.Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Joseph€testified€that€she€spoke€by€telephone€with€the€defendant€immediately€afterÐ tÄ Ðher€arrest.€€Ms.€Joseph,€however,€explained€that€she€did€not€realize€from€where€the€defendant€wasÐ `° Ðplacing€the€call.€€The€defendant€asked€for€emergency€leave€for€Friday€but€seemed€confident€that€sheÐ L œ Ðwould€be€back€to€work€on€Saturday.€€By€Sunday,€Ms.€Joseph€realized€that€the€defendant€wasÐ 8 ˆ Ðincarcerated.€€The€defendant€called€on€Sunday€and€was€ð ðsobbing€hystericallyðð€and€not€ð ðmaking€anyÐ $ t Ðsense.ðð€€The€only€thing€that€Ms.€Joseph€clearly€understood€the€defendant€to€say€was€that€she€had€beenÐ  ` Ðtold€that€she€hit€the€victim€with€a€hammer€but€that€the€defendant€did€not€remember€anything.€€Ms.Ð ü L  ÐJoseph€said€that€the€defendant€called€her€a€second€time€on€Sunday,€concerned€about€overdue€libraryÐ è 8  Ðbooks€and€wanting€Ms.€Joseph€to€return€the€books.€€Ms.€Joseph€returned€the€books,€and€she€admittedÐ Ô$  Ðon€cross„examination€that€she€had€never€been€to€the€defendantððs€home€prior€to€retrieving€the€books.Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àAnother€co„worker,€Deborah€Hogue,€testified€that€she€and€the€defendant€workedÐ ˜è  Ðtogether€several€years€as€staff€nurses€at€the€Veteransðð€Administration€medical€center€in€Columbia,Ð „Ô  ÐSouth€Carolina.€€Ms.€Hogue€knew€the€defendant€to€be€an€excellent€nurse€and€focused€on€her€job.€Ð pÀ ÐMs.€Hogue€was€present€on€occasions€when€the€victim€would€call€the€defendant€at€work.€€Ms.€HogueÐ \¬ Ðsaid€the€victim€called€practically€every€shift€that€the€defendant€worked,€and€Ms.€Hogue€could€hearÐ H˜ Ðhim€screaming€in€an€angry€voice€and€using€obscenities€over€the€telephone.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔHogueÔ_Ô€never€heardÐ 4„ Ðthe€defendant€scream€back€at€the€victim.€€The€defendant€declined€Ms.€Hogueððs€offers€to€block€theÐ  p Ðvictimððs€calls€because€the€defendant€said€ð ðit€would€just€make€it€worse€at€home.ðð€€Ms.€Hogue€testifiedÐ  \ Ðthat€she€had€met€the€victim€on€several€occasions,€but€had€never€been€to€the€South€Carolina€residence.Ð øH ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Hogue€said€that€she€observed€bruises€on€the€defendantððs€arms€on€three€or€fourÐ Ð  Ðoccasions€in€the€late€1980s€and€early€1990s.€€On€one€such€occasion,€Ms.€Hogue€saw€what€appearedÐ ¼  Ðto€be€bruises€in€the€shape€of€fingerprints.€€When,€however,€Ms.€Hogue€confronted€the€defendant,€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€denied€any€domestic€abuse€problems.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Hogue€identified€a€letter€that€her€son€had€written€regarding€a€brief€period€of€timeÐ l¼ Ðwhen€her€son€worked€for€the€victim.€€Her€son€quit€working€for€the€victim€because€her€son€becameÐ X ¨ Ðuncomfortable€with€the€victimððs€angry€and€controlling€behavior€directed€at€the€victimððs€children.€Ð D!” ÐOne€child,€in€fact,€had€blackened€eyes€that€the€victim€explained€as€resulting€from€a€fall.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àFor€its€next€witness,€the€defense€called€Gwen€Ford,€who€lived€in€the€ShagbarkÐ $X" Ðcommunity€and€knew€the€victim,€the€defendant,€and€the€children€ð ðvery€well.ðð€€Her€opinion€of€theÐ ô$D # Ðvictim€was€very€negative.€€The€victim€had€complained€to€Ms.€Ford€that€the€defendant€had€ruined€hisÐ à%0!$ Ðlife,€that€he€could€not€stand€the€defendant,€and€that€he€would€like€to€ð ðget€rid€ofðð€the€defendant.€€Ms.Ð Ì&"% ÐFord€found€the€victim€to€be€very€intimidating,€and€she€was€frightened€about€possible€retaliationÐ ¸'#& Ðconcerning€her€testimony.€€Ms.€Ford€explained€that€the€victim€had€already€threatened€to€ruin€herÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreputation€if€she€testified.€€Ms.€Ford€had€been€present€on€many€occasions€when€the€victim€cursed€andÐ )à$( Ðbelittled€the€children;€she€never€observed€any€similar€behavior€from€the€defendant.€€Ms.€Ford€alsoÐ |*Ì%) Ðhad€heard€the€victim€threaten€the€children€to€be€supportive€of€his€position.€€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àà ` àAnother€witness,€Georgine€Ô_ÔClowerÔ_Ô,€whose€children€attended€school€in€South€CarolinaÐ ° Ðwith€the€Turner€children,€testified€that€she€had€a€good€relationship€at€one€time€with€the€oldest€child,Ð œì ÐCarissa.€€Ms.€Clower€related€an€incident€in€the€early€1990s€in€the€school€parking€lot.€€She€saw€theÐ ˆØ Ðvictim€drive€up€with€his€children.€€Carissa€got€out€of€the€car€and€accidently€slammed€the€car€door€onÐ tÄ ÐSerenaððs€finger.€€After€Serena€was€taken€care€of,€Ms.€Clower€witnessed€the€victim€berate€Carissa€inÐ `° Ða€loud,€ð ðvery€alarming,ðð€and€ð ðvery€intimidatingðð€fashion.€€Ms.€Clower€was€particularly€struck€byÐ L œ Ðwhat€she€described€as€Carissaððs€deer„in„the„headlights€reaction.€€Ms.€Clower€approached€Carissa,Ð 8 ˆ Ðwho€was€trembling,€and€Ms.€Clower€put€her€arm€around€the€child€and€offered€to€walk€her€to€theÐ $ t Ðclassroom.€€The€victim€became€upset€and€told€Ms.€Clower€to€ð ð[s]tay€out€of€this.ðð€€Ms.€Clower€tookÐ  ` ÐCarissa€to€her€classroom,€and€then€Ms.€Clower€reported€what€had€happened€to€the€school€counselor.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àFrom€time€to€time,€Ms.€Clower€visited€the€Turner€residence,€and€she€observedÐ Ô$  Ðfirsthand€the€victimððs€ð ðdictatorialðð€demeanor,€which€included€berating€the€defendant€because€theÐ À  Ðdefendant€had€not€cleaned€the€fireplace€andirons.€€Ms.€Clower€explained€on€cross„examination€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðshe€lost€contact€with€the€Turners€after€the€victim€moved€with€the€children€to€Tennessee€in€1993.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àGary€and€Michelle€Williams€lived€across€the€street€from€the€Turnersðð€home€in€SouthÐ pÀ ÐCarolina.€€He€testified€that€many€times,€when€he€was€out€working€in€his€yard,€he€would€hear€loud,Ð \¬ Ðdisruptive€things€going€on€at€the€victimððs€residence.€€Specifically,€Mr.€Williams€said€that€the€victimÐ H˜ Ðwould€be€addressing€his€children,€using€foul€and€offensive€language.€€The€victimððs€behavior€wasÐ 4„ Ðsuch€that€Mr.€Williams€would€send€his€own€children€inside€the€house€to€avoid€hearing€the€victimððsÐ  p Ðtirades.€€Additionally,€Mr.€Williams€often€heard€the€victim€address€the€defendant€in€a€similar€fashion.€Ð  \ ÐMs.€Williams€testified€about€a€particular€occasion€when€she€overheard€the€victim€cursing€and€tellingÐ øH Ðhis€sons€that€he€hated€them.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àBecky€Johnson,€an€elderly€resident€of€Columbia,€South€Carolina,€testified€that€sheÐ ¼  Ðoriginally€met€the€victim€through€membership€in€MENSA.€€Before€she€retired,€Ms.€Johnson€was€aÐ ¨ø Ðmedical€technologist€and€later€a€social€worker.€€Through€her€social€work,€Ms.€Johnson€had€extensiveÐ ”ä Ðexperience€dealing€with€abused€children,€and€in€her€opinion€the€victim€had€exhibited€certain€behaviorÐ €Ð Ðthat€caused€her€concern.€€Ms.€Johnson€related€an€occasion€when,€at€the€victimððs€request,€sheÐ l¼ Ðaccompanied€him€and€his€children€to€Tennessee€to€help€decorate€the€residence.€€During€that€time,Ð X ¨ ÐMs.€Johnson€witnessed€the€victimððs€behavior€toward€the€children,€which€she€regarded€as€highlyÐ D!” Ðinappropriate,€such€as€criticizing€and€belittling€the€children€if€they€did€not€behave€exactly€as€heÐ 0"€  Ðwished€and€disparaging€the€childrenððs€mother€in€their€presence.€€Ms.€Johnson€testified€that€theÐ #l! Ðchildren€acted€afraid€of€the€victim.€€Ms.€Johnson€said€she€was€surprised€when€she€finally€met€theÐ $X" Ðdefendant€because€the€defendant€did€not€match€the€profile€related€by€the€victim.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àà ` àDiane€Levy€was€qualified€by€the€defense€and€accepted€by€the€court€as€an€expert€in€theÐ Ì&"% Ðfield€of€domestic€violence.€€Ms.€Levy€was€serving€on€the€state€coordinating€council€on€domesticÐ ¸'#& Ðviolence,€and€she€had€been€working€approximately€20€years€with€an€organization,€Safe€Space,€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwhich€she€was€a€founder.€€She€also€was€one€of€the€founders€of€the€Southeast€Coalition€AgainstÐ )à$( Ðâ âDomestic€Violence.€€Ms.€Levy€began€working€with€battered€women€in€1969€in€England.€€Since€1976,Ð |*Ì%) Ðshe€had€been€working€with€domestic€violence€victims€in€Tennessee,€and€she€had€previously€testifiedÐ ° Ðand€been€accepted€as€an€expert€in€that€area.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àIn€preparation€for€testifying,€Ms.€Levy€had€reviewed,€òòinter€alia,óó€letters,€statements,Ð tÄ Ðreports,€the€husbandððs€victim€impact€statement,€and€similar€materials€provided€by€defense€counsel.€Ð `° ÐMs.€Levy€had€briefly€interviewed€the€defendant,€and€she€had€talked€with€numerous€witnesses€whoÐ L œ Ðhad€testified€on€the€defendantððs€behalf.€€Ms.€Levy€began€by€giving€an€overview€of€the€cycle€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðdomestic€abuse€and€violence,€and€she€proceeded€to€explain€the€effects€of€domestic€violence€on€theÐ $ t Ðvictims.€€We€need€not€recount€her€testimony€point€by€point.€€It€is€sufficient€to€note€that€in€her€expertÐ  ` Ðopinion,€life€in€the€Turner€household€for€a€considerable€number€of€years€had€been€punctuated€andÐ ü L  Ðdefined€by€Mr.€Turnerððs€domestic€abuse.€€Ms.€Levy€testified€that€without€doubt€the€defendant€metÐ è 8  Ðthe€criteria€of€being€a€victim€of€domestic€violence.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€cross„examination,€the€state€elicited€that€Ms.€Levy€had€not€spoken€with€any€of€theÐ ¬ü  ÐTurner€children€or€with€the€victim€and€that€the€materials€Ms.€Levy€reviewed€had€been€provided€byÐ ˜è  Ðonly€one€source,€defense€counsel,€and€were€incomplete.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€addition€to€live€witness€testimony,€the€defense€submitted€extensive€writtenÐ \¬ Ðmaterials€to€the€court,€òòinter€aliaóó,€from€people€who€supported€the€defendant€and/or€who€knew€of€theÐ H˜ Ðvictimððs€pattern€of€abusive€behavior€toward€other€family€members.€€In€particular,€the€defense€reliedÐ 4„ Ðupon€the€report€of€psychologist€Peter€Young,€who€had€evaluated€the€defendant.€€He€concluded€thatÐ  p Ðat€the€time€of€the€offense,€the€defendant€was€probably€impaired€cognitively€and€psychologically€butÐ  \ Ðthat€based€on€subsequent€treatment,€she€did€not€pose€a€present€risk€of€harm€to€herself€or€others,€inÐ øH Ðparticular€the€victim.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€close€of€the€sentencing€proof,€the€state€argued€that€two€enhancement€factorsÐ ¼  Ðapplied:€that€the€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðoffense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10)€(2003),€and€the€defendant€abused€a€position€of€privateÐ ”ä Ðtrust,€òòidóó.€ðð€40„35„114(6)€(2003).€€The€defendant,€as€a€Range€I€Standard€Offender,€was€subject€to€aÐ €Ð Ðsentencing€range€of€eight€to€twelve€years€for€her€Class€B€conviction€offense,€òòsee€idóó.€ðð€40„35„Ð l¼ Ð112(a)(2)€(2003),€and€the€state€asked€for€a€maximum,€twelve„year€sentence.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àFor€its€part,€the€defense€contested€application€of€the€private„trust€enhancement€factorÐ 0"€  Ðand€argued€that€the€court€should€give€little€weight€to€the€deadly„weapon€enhancement€factor.€€TheÐ #l! Ðdefense€advocated€consideration€of€numerous€and€weighty€mitigating€factors,€such€as€the€effect€thatÐ $X" ÐPaxil€had€on€the€defendant,€the€defendantððs€preexisting€depression,€the€absence€of€any€prior€criminalÐ ô$D # Ðhistory€or€behavior,€her€excellent€work€history,€the€domestic€violence€inflicted€by€the€victim€on€theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant€and€their€children,€and€the€improbability€of€the€defendant€being€a€threat€to€society€or€theÐ Ì&"% Ðvictim.€€The€defense€asked€the€court€to€impose€an€eight„year€suspended€sentence,€giving€credit€forÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€ten€months€spent€in€pretrial€incarceration€and€utilizing€supervised€probation.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àà ` àAfter€a€recess,€the€court€announced€and€explained€the€sentence€to€be€imposed.€€TheÐ |*Ì%) Ðcourt€began€by€acknowledging€the€thorough€preparation€and€presentation€by€counsel€for€the€parties,Ð h+¸&* Ðand€it€referenced€the€extensive€testimony,€exhibits,€presentence€investigation€report,€and€otherÐ ° Ðmaterials€that€it€had€reviewed€and€considered.€€The€court€referenced€the€statutory€sentencingÐ œì Ðprocedures€that€guide€its€decision€making€and€then€made€the€following€initial€observations:Ð ˆØ ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °ÓThe€story€of€[the€Turnersðð]€marriage€is€not€a€pleasant€one€at€all.€€AÐ `° Ðvery€stormy€marriage.€€Statements€and€accounts€of€particularÐ L œ Ðincidents€which€are€alleged€to€have€occurred€over€the€years€areÐ 8 ˆ Ðcontradictory.€.€.€.Ð $ t ÐÌà ¸ àEach€says€the€other€was€physically€abusive[,]€.€.€.€[b]ut€it€mustÐ ü L  Ðbe€made€clear€that€that€evidence€of€the€history€between€the€parties€andÐ è 8  Ðtheir€marriage,€and€issues€regarding€the€children,€those€are€issues€withÐ Ô$  Ðrespect€to€child€custody€and€divorce.€.€.€.€[T]hat€evidence€has€beenÐ À  Ðreceived€solely€for€determination€of€the€existence€of€any€mitigatingÐ ¬ü  Ðfactors€that€may€apply€in€sentencing.Ð ˜è  ÐÓ °ÓÓ ° ÓÌà  àà ` àAddressing€first€the€enhancement€factors,€the€court€concluded€that€the€hammerÐ pÀ Ðqualified€as€a€deadly€weapon€and€was€employed€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€The€court€placedÐ \¬ Ðgreat€weight€on€that€factor,€stating€that€it€alone€would€justify€a€maximum€sentence€of€twelve€years.€Ð H˜ ÐThe€court€did€not,€however,€find€that€the€defendant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust,€inasmuch€asÐ 4„ Ðthe€parties€were€separated;€alternatively,€the€court€said€that€even€if€the€factor€applied,€it€would€haveÐ  p Ðno€weight.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€terms€of€mitigating€sentencing€factors,€the€court€found€that€the€defendant€hadÐ ä4 Ðð ðborne€good€character,ðð€she€had€an€excellent€work€record,€she€had€no€prior€criminal€record,€and€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€had€obtained€psychological€help€and€was€taking€medication€under€a€doctorððs€supervision.€Ð ¼  ÐThe€court€further€concluded€that€the€defendant,€at€the€time€of€the€offense,€suffered€from€depression,Ð ¨ø Ðalthough€that€mental€condition€did€not€constitute€a€legal€defense€or€negate€criminal€responsibility.€Ð ”ä ÐÌÒe°Òà  àà ` àRegarding€the€use€of€Paxil€for€depression,€the€court€was€not€impressed€by€what€itÐ l¼ Ðperceived€to€be€the€defendantððs€self„medicating€approach€of€asking€a€co„worker€to€prescribe€theÐ X ¨ Ðantidepressant€without€adequate€monitoring€for€any€side€effects.€€Because€of€the€elaborate€planningÐ D!” Ðin€connection€with€the€offense,€the€court€also€rejected€the€argument€that€the€defendantððs€behaviorÐ 0"€  Ðresulted€from€a€side€effect€of€taking€Paxil.€€Finally,€in€terms€of€reduced€culpability,€the€court€notedÐ #l! Ðthat€the€original€offense€of€attempted€first„degree€murder€had€been€reduced€to€attempted€second„Ð $X" Ðdegree€murder.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€court€rejected€the€defense€argument€that€it€should€consider€as€mitigation€that€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€acted€under€strong€provocation.€€The€court€pointed€out€that€for€quite€some€time,€the€partiesÐ ¸'#& Ðhad€been€separated€and€were€living€in€different€states.€€Also,€at€the€time€of€the€assault,€the€defendantÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwas€in€no€imminent€danger.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àThe€court€concluded€that€the€mitigating€factors,€which€did€exist,€justified€a€sentenceÐ ° Ðâ âreduction.€€ð ðConsidering€all€these€factors,ðð€the€court€said,€ð ðweighing€them€together,€the€Court€findsÐ œì Ðthat€the€mitigating€factors€that€I€have€found€do€justify€and€warrant€a€reduction€of€the€sentence€fromÐ ˆØ Ðthe€maximum,€from€12€years€to€9€years,€a€significant€3„year€reduction.ðð€€The€court€then€acknowledgedÐ tÄ Ðthat€the€sentence€made€the€defendant€statutorily€ineligible€for€probation,€but€in€any€event€probationÐ `° Ðwould€not€be€appropriate€because€the€defendant€had€expressed€no€remorse€for€her€actions€and€becauseÐ L œ Ðconfinement€was€necessary€to€avoid€deprecating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àAggrieved€by€her€incarcerative€nine„year€sentence,€the€defendant€has€appealed.€€As€weÐ  ` Ðunderstand€her€argument,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€considering€theÐ ü L  Ðeffect€that€Paxil€had€on€her€cognitive€abilities,€the€trial€court€assigned€excessive€weight€to€the€use„of„Ð è 8  Ða„deadly„weapon€enhancement€factor,€the€trial€court€gave€too€little€weight€to€the€mitigating€factors,Ð Ô$  Ðthe€trial€courtððs€recognition€that€the€grade€of€the€offense€had€been€reduced€amounted€to€an€improperÐ À  Ðapplication€of€a€non„statutory€enhancement€factor,€and€the€trial€court€improperly€relied€on€deterrenceÐ ¬ü  Ðwhen€noting€that€confinement€was€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant€insists€that€the€trial€court€should€have€imposed€an€eight„year€suspended€sentence€or€orderedÐ „Ô  Ðsplit€confinement€of€twelve€months€served€in€the€county€jail€with€the€balance€of€the€sentence€onÐ pÀ Ðsupervised€probation.Ð \¬ ÐÌÔ‡NXÍXXXÍÔà  àà ` àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÐ 4„ Ðis€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòde€novo€óóreview€of€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€theÐ  p Ðdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(2003).€€ThisÐ  \ Ðpresumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€consideredÐ øH Ðthe€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ð ä4 Ð169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€the€event€the€record€fails€to€demonstrate€the€required€consideration€by€the€trialÐ Ð  Ðcourt,€the€presumption€is€removed,€and€review€of€the€sentence€is€purely€òòde€novo.€€Id.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àà ` àóóOur€sentencing€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€theÐ ”ä Ðtrial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€theÐ €Ð Ðarguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ l¼ Ðoffense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€ownÐ X ¨ Ðbehalf;€and€(7)€the€defendantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððððÐ D!” Ð40-35-102,€-103,€-210(a),€(b)€(2003);€òòState€v.€Hollandóó,€860€S.W.2d€53,€60€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1993);Ð 0"€  ÐòòStateóó€òòv.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Additionally,€the€reviewing€court€ð ðisÐ #l! Ðrequired€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trial€courtððs€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€courtððsÐ $X" Ðdetermination€is€based€upon€the€witnessesðð€demeanor,€appearance,€and€inflection€in€their€voices.ðð€Ð ô$D # ÐòòState€v.€Jerniganóó,€929€S.W.2d€391,€395€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Ô#†XÍXXNXͲ#ÔÔ‡NXÍXXXÍÔThe€burden€is€on€the€defendantÐ à%0!$ Ðto€demonstrate€that€the€imposed€sentence€is€improper.€€òòÔ_ÔAshbyÔ_Ôóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€òòÔ_ÔJerniganÔ_Ôóó,€929Ð Ì&"% ÐS.W.2d€at€395.òòÐ ¸'#& ÐÌóóà  àà ` àWe€begin€our€analysis€by€observing,€as€did€the€trial€court,€Ô#†XÍXXNXÍœº#ÔÔ‡OXÍXXXÍÔthe€thoughtful€and€thoroughÐ )à$( Ðâ âpreparation€and€presentation€by€counsel€for€the€parties.€€Similarly,€the€trial€courtððs€comprehensiveÐ |*Ì%) Ðfindings€and€conclusions€have€greatly€facilitated€our€review,€and€its€determinations€are€entitled€to€theÐ ° Ðpresumption€of€correctness.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àAs€a€matter€of€law,€the€defendant€in€this€case€was€not€presumed€to€be€a€favorableÐ tÄ Ðcandidate€for€alternative€sentencing€options.€€Only€a€defendant€who€ð ðis€an€especially€mitigated€orÐ `° Ðstandard€offender€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D,€or€E€felony€is€presumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€forÐ L œ Ðalternative€sentencing€options€in€the€absence€of€evidence€to€the€contrary.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð 8 ˆ Ð102(6)€(2003).€€The€defendant€before€us€stands€convicted€of€a€Class€B€felony€and€is,€thereby,Ð $ t Ðineligible€for€the€presumption.€€As€a€result,€the€state€had€no€burden€to€justify€an€incarcerativeÐ  ` Ðsentence.€€òòState€v.€Michael€W.€Dinkinsóó,€No.€E2001„01711„CCA„R3„CD,€slip€op.€at€3€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ü L  ÐApp.,€Knoxville,€Apr.€26,€2002);€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)€(2003);€òòState€v.€Zeoliaóó,€928Ð è 8  ÐS.W.2d€457,€461€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(when€presumption€of€favorable€candidacy€for€alternativeÐ Ô$  Ðsentencing€options€applies,€state€must€justify€confinement€by€showing€ð ðevidence€to€the€contraryðð€ofÐ À  Ðthe€presumption).Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àNevertheless,€the€defendant€in€this€case€was€potentially€eligible€for€a€probatedÐ „Ô  Ðsentence.€€That€is,€the€sentencing€range€for€her€Class€B€felony€was€eight€to€twelve€years,€òòseeóó€Tenn.Ð pÀ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(2)€(2003),€and€a€ð ðdefendant€shall€be€eligible€for€probation€.€.€.€if€theÐ \¬ Ðsentence€actually€imposed€upon€such€defendant€is€eight€(8)€years€or€less,ðð€òòidóó.€ðð€40„35„303(a)€(2003).€Ð H˜ ÐThe€trial€court,€however,€imposed€a€nine„year€sentence€and,€consequently,€eliminated€probation€asÐ 4„ Ða€sentencing€option.€€For€that€reason,€the€defendant€attacks€the€trial€courtððs€length„of„sentenceÐ  p Ðdetermination.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€argument€that€the€trial€court€assigned€excessive€weight€to€the€use„of„a„deadly„Ð ä4 Ðweapon€enhancement€factor€and€gave€too€little€weight€to€the€mitigating€factors€fails.€€It€fails€becauseÐ Ð  Ða€defendantððs€ð ðsentence€is€not€determined€by€the€mathematical€process€of€adding€the€sum€total€ofÐ ¼  Ðenhancing€factors€present€then€subtracting€from€this€figure€the€mitigating€factors€present€for€a€netÐ ¨ø Ðnumber€of€years.ðð€€òòState€v.€Boggsóó,€932€S.W.2d€467,€475€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€The€law€is€settledÐ ”ä Ðthat€ð ðthe€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€so€long€as€theÐ €Ð Ðcourt€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findings€areÐ l¼ Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€475„76.€€Simply€stated,€the€defendant€in€this€case€hasÐ X ¨ Ðshown€no€basis€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€weight€assignment€to€the€existing€enhancing€and€mitigatingÐ D!” Ðfactors.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendantððs€secondary€length„of„sentence€argument€is€that€the€trial€court€failedÐ $X" Ðto€apply€a€mitigating€factor€and€improperly€considered€a€non„statutory€enhancing€factor.€€In€ourÐ ô$D # Ðopinion,€the€trial€courtððs€rejection€of€the€defendantððs€use€of€Paxil€as€a€mitigating€factor€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðreasonable.€€The€defendant€was€unable€to€demonstrate€a€concrete€connection€between€òòheróó€use€of€PaxilÐ Ì&"% Ðand€subsequent€adverse€side€effects€causing€a€psychological€and€cognitive€breakdown€that,€in€turn,Ð ¸'#& Ðacted€as€a€catalyst€for€her€assault.€€To€be€sure,€the€defendant€explained€that€she€could€not€afford€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðretain€the€expert€of€her€choice€to€testify€about€the€adverse€side€effects€from€the€use€of€antidepressants.€Ð )à$( ÐEven€so,€assuming€arguendo€that€antidepressants€may€have€negative€effects€on€certain€members€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€population,€it€does€not€automatically€follow€that€the€defendant€fell€into€that€group.€€Taken€in€theÐ h+¸&* Ðbest€light,€the€defense€proof€was€that€shortly€prior€to€the€attack,€the€defendantððs€co„workers€noticedÐ ° Ða€change€in€her€behavior€and€that€the€defendant€professed€to€remember€nothing€about€the€event,Ð œì Ðincluding€driving€from€South€Carolina€to€Tennessee.€€This€evidence€hardly€catapults€antidepressantsÐ ˆØ Ðinto€a€unique€sentence„mitigation€role.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€for€the€defendantððs€claim€that€her€plea€to€a€reduced€charged€was€misused€by€theÐ L œ Ðtrial€court€as€a€non„statutory€enhancing€factor,€we€must€disagree.€€First,€it€is€clear€from€the€trial€courtððsÐ 8 ˆ Ðremarks€that€it€did€not€consider€the€defendantððs€plea€to€be€a€basis€to€enhance€her€sentence.€€Rather,Ð $ t Ðthe€court€mentioned€the€plea€in€connection€with€the€defendantððs€insistence€that€the€court€shouldÐ  ` Ðconsider€as€a€mitigating€factor€her€reduced€culpability€attributable€to€her€depression€and/orÐ ü L  Ðprovocation€by€the€victim.€€We€see€nothing€sinister€in€the€courtððs€observation€that€the€type€ofÐ è 8  Ðòòmitigationóó€advocated€by€the€defendant€had€already€been€factored€into€her€sentencing€via€theÐ Ô$  Ðagreement€that€she€could€plead€to€a€lesser€charge.€€òòSee€State€v.€Garland€Ô_ÔGodseyÔ_Ôóó,€No.€E2000„01944„Ð À  ÐCCA„R3„CD,€slip€op.€at€5€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Knoxville,€Dec.€4,€2001)€(no€ð ðhard€and€fast€ruleðð€aboutÐ ¬ü  Ðgiving€ð ðdouble€creditðð€for€mitigating€factor€when€conviction€of€lesser„included€offense€indicatesÐ ˜è  Ðconsideration€already€given€to€same€mitigating€sentencing€factor;€a€matter€of€discretion),€òòperm.€app.Ð „Ô  Ðdeniedóó€(Tenn.€2002).Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€summary,€pursuant€to€Tennesseeððs€conventional€sentencing€procedures,€there€areÐ H˜ Ðno€grounds€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€length„of„sentence€determination.€€That€said,€we€must€beÐ 4„ Ðmindful,€however,€of€the€United€States€Supreme€Courtððs€decision€in€òòBlakely€v.€Washingtonóó,€542€U.S.Ð  p Ð___,€124€S.€Ct.€2531€(2004),€in€which€the€Court€pronounced€that€a€judicially€imposed€sentence,€otherÐ  \ Ðthan€when€based€on€the€fact€of€a€prior€conviction,€cannot€exceed€the€maximum€sentence€statutorilyÐ øH Ðallowed€ð ðsolely€on€the€basis€of€the€facts€reflected€in€the€jury€verdict€or€admitted€by€the€defendantððÐ ä4 Ðunless€the€facts€relied€upon€for€enhancement€are€found€to€exist€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€by€a€jury.€Ð Ð  ÐòòIdóó.€at€___,€124€S.€Ct.€at€2537€(emphasis€omitted).€€Moreover,€ð ðthe€relevant€ððstatutory€maximumðð€isÐ ¼  Ðnot€the€maximum€sentence€a€judge€may€impose€after€finding€additional€facts,€but€the€maximum€heÐ ¨ø Ðmay€impose€without€any€additional€findings.ðð€€òòIdóó.,€124€S.€Ct.€at€2537.€€Thus,€òòBlakelyóó€clearly€appliesÐ ”ä Ðto€individual€length„of„sentence€determinations€in€Tennessee.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àòòBlakelyóóððs€impact€on€sentencing€in€this€case€is€problematic.€€The€issue€is€aptly€framedÐ X ¨ Ðin€Judge€Woodallððs€concurring€(in€part)€opinion€in€òòState€v.€James€Johnsonóó,€No.€W2003„02009„CCA„Ð D!” ÐR3„CD€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Oct.€20,€2004):Ð 0"€  ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °Ó[U]nder€òòBlakelyóó,€it€is€clear€that€only€evidence€of€prior€convictions€canÐ $X" Ðbe€used€to€enhance€a€sentence€without€a€jury€making€a€determinationÐ ô$D # Ðof€the€existence€of€an€enhancement€factor,€or€where€the€juryÐ à%0!$ Ðdetermination€is€waived€by€the€defendant,€or€where€the€application€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðanother€enhancement€factor€is€ð ðadmittedðð€by€the€defendant.€The€termÐ ¸'#& Ðð ðadmitted€by€Defendant,ðð€while€seemingly€clear€at€first€glance,€has€notÐ ¤(ô#' Ðbeen€conclusively€defined€by€judicial€decision.€€The€United€StatesÐ )à$( ÐSupreme€Court€in€òòBlakelyóó€may€have€meant€ð ðadmittedðð€in€the€contextÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€a€judicial€proceeding€such€as€a€guilty€plea€hearing€with€theÐ h+¸&* Ðsolemnity€of€a€guilty€plea.€€Or,€the€Court€possibly€meant€an€admissionÐ ° Ðby€a€defendant€in€testimony€at€a€sentencing€hearing.€€Thus,€theÐ œì Ðmeaning€of€the€term€ð ðadmitted€by€the€defendantðð€is€subject€to€debate,Ð ˆØ Ðand€is€better€left€to€appellate€review€when€that€precise€issue€has€beenÐ tÄ Ðsquarely€addressed€by€a€trial€court€and€thereafter€raised€on€appeal.Ð `° ÐÓ °­ÜÓÓ °ŸÜÓÌòòIdóó.,€slip€op.€at€1€(Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€J.,€concurring€in€part€and€dissenting€in€part).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€record€before€us€reflects€that€the€defendant€entered€a€ð ðbest€interestsðð€plea.€Ð  ` ÐPursuant€to€a€ð ðbest€interestsðð€plea,€an€individual€may€voluntarily,€knowingly,€and€understandinglyÐ ü L  Ðconsent€to€the€imposition€of€a€prison€sentence€even€if€he€is€unwilling€or€unable€to€admit€his€crime€orÐ è 8  Ðprotests€his€innocence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Allenóó,€10€S.W.3d€286,€291€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999);€òòÔ_ÔDortchÔ_Ô€v.Ð Ô$  ÐStateóó,€705€S.W.2d€687,€688€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1985).€€Consequently,€it€is€by€no€means€evident€thatÐ À  Ðthe€defendantððs€plea€constituted€an€ð ðadmissionðð€in€the€òòBlakelyóó€sense€regarding€application€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðenhancement€factor€(10)€that€a€deadly€weapon€was€employed€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.€Ð ˜è  ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Chester€Wayne€Waltersóó,€No.€M2003„03019„CCA„R3„CD€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,Ð „Ô  ÐOct.€4,€2004).€€Turning€next€to€the€sentencing€hearing€testimony,€the€defendant€testified€that€sheÐ pÀ Ðrecalled€nothing€about€the€incident,€including€driving€from€South€Carolina€to€Tennessee;€thatÐ \¬ Ðtestimony€hardly€appears€to€qualify€as€a€òòBlakelyóó€admission.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€we€view€the€matter,€the€only€possibly€viable€admissions€relate€to€defense€counselððsÐ  p Ðargument€at€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing.€€At€that€time,€counsel€stated,€Ð  \ ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °Óà ¸ àRegarding€the€enhancement€factor€of€the€use€of€a€deadlyÐ ä4 Ðweapon,€Iððm€not€going€to€argue€the€fact€that€a€hammer€is€not€a€deadlyÐ Ð  Ðweapon.€€It€most€certainly€has€been€found€to€be€by€the€courts.€Ð ¼  ÐHowever,€you€once€again€have€to€look€at€the€circumstances€of€thatÐ ¨ø Ðhammer€with€this€particular€Defendant.€.€.€.Ð ”ä ÐÌà ¸ à.€.€.€So€it€would€be€our€position€that,€although€she€did€use€aÐ l¼ Ðdeadly€weapon,€Your€Honor,€that€in€these€particular€circumstances€thatÐ X ¨ Ðthat€is€not€an€enhancement€factor€that€the€court€should€weigh€heavilyÐ D!” Ðin€regard€to€this€case.Ð 0"€  ÐÌÓ °¾èÓÓ °ÌèÓAdditionally,€defense€counsel€does€not€challenge€on€appeal€the€applicability€of€the€deadly„weaponÐ $X" Ðenhancement€factor€but,€rather,€the€ð ðexcessiveðð€weight€that€the€trial€judge€assigned€to€the€factor.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€our€opinion,€the€position€advocated€by€defense€counsel€in€this€case€operates€as€anÐ Ì&"% Ðadmission€for€purposes€of€òòBlakelyóó.€€It€strikes€us€as€particularly€critical,€pursuant€to€òòBlakelyóó,€thatÐ ¸'#& Ðcounselððs€concession€conclusively€resolved€an€issue,€thereby€eliminating€any€credibility€or€otherÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfactual€disputes€related€to€the€use€of€the€deadly€weapon.€€òòSee€State€v.€Steven€M.€Stinsonóó,€No.€E2003„Ð )à$( Ðâ â01720„CCA„R3„CD,€slip€op.€at€8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Jul.€29,€2004)€(noting€that€defendantÐ |*Ì%) Ðconceded€on€appeal€that€enhancement€factor€(16)€applied€and€did€not€contest€the€trial€courtððsÐ ° Ðapplication€of€that€factor).€€à  àà h àÐ œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àIn€conclusion,€we€discern€no€statutory€or€constitutional€basis€to€disturb€the€sentenceÐ tÄ Ðimposed€by€the€trial€court;€we,€therefore,€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.Ð `° ÐÓ °!çÓÓ ° çÓÌÌÌÓ ° ñÓÓ °ñÓÓ€ J (ÿÿ03TÓÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °œX?ÓÔ#†XÍXXOXÍN¼#Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_____________________________________Ð ü L  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJAMES€Ô_ÔCURWOODÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWITTÔ_Ô,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ è 8  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à