ÿWPCj! ;# JUNU %£ 0 Æ©o4w‹w@š 0 Ú 0Dä 0J( 0Tr 0^Æ 0h$ 0rŒ 0|þ 0†z 0 1u 0d 0@i D3© BÜ AQù ÆJ 0D 0DT D/˜ BÇU>äU *"B)LDCu AM¸Í%Ò»÷¢²ÅTv~vÓ—˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓŒƒ*#3|x0 DD E!D"#D$Ó€0(º(3eB$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò$$$$'ÿÿdxd d*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d11117Border 1dd* 2Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÃÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€/ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÔ€0ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€0XÔÌÌò òOctoberÏ9,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€0ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€/ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÔ€0ôÔÓÓThe€jury€acquitted€the€defendant€on€murder€in€the€perpetration€of€a€felony€and€returned€aÏverdict€of€second€degree€murder€on€a€charge€of€premeditated,€deliberated€first€degree€murder.Ì ±Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€/ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÔ€0ôÔÓÓNo€one€by€the€name€of€Spencer€Payne€appears€in€the€transcript€of€the€trial.€€Ì ˜Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€/ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÔ€0ôÔÓÓHenderson€received€a€sentence€of€twenty„eight€years.Ì »Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€/ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÔ€0ôÔÓÓThere€was€no€ballistics€analysis.€€The€two€bullets€were€designated€as€medium€caliber.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€/ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÑ7€¦uXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€0Ô›Þ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóó̜ـ*ÙßR€342A1-j|X(` ´- `€€@ÿRß›à@ àòòAT€JACKSONóóÌà@ àMAY€1997€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€02C01„9604„CR„00120€Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€L.€T.€Lafferty,€JudgeÌQUANTREAL€UNDERWOOD,à à*à à(Second€Degree€Murder€and€Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà à*à àTwo€Counts€of€Aggravated€Robbery)€ÌÌòòÌÌFor€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appellee:óóÌÓÓMarvin€E.€Ballin,€Attorneyà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌandà àà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌMark€A.€Mesler,€AttorneyÌBallin,€Ballin€&€Fishman,€P.C.à àà àRuth€ThompsonÌ200€Jefferson€Avenueà àà àà àCounsel€for€the€State€ÌSuite€1250à àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJames€A.€Wax,€Jr.€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àKaren€Cook€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorneys€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Third€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103€ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌOPINION€FILED:_____________________ÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÓÓò òòòÓ  ÓOPINIONóóó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant,€Quantreal€Underwood,€was€convicted€of€secondÏdegree€murder€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€robbery.× ƒ5 ××  ×€€The€trial€court€imposed€aÏRange€I,€twenty„five„year€sentence€for€second€degree€murder€and€two€concurrentÏeight„year€sentences€on€each€count€of€aggravated€robbery.ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence;€he€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€evidence€of€an€excitedÏutterance€as€an€exception€to€the€rule€against€hearsay;€and€he€complains€that€theÏtwenty„five„year€sentence€was€excessive.ÌÌà àà àWe€find€no€error€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àDuring€the€early€morning€hours€of€August€28,€1993,€the€victim,€DorrellÏEggleston,€was€shot€during€a€robbery€of€the€Serve„Rite€Market€in€Memphis.€ÏTwenty„three€years€of€age€at€the€time€of€the€shooting,€the€victim€died€forty€daysÏlater.€€ÌÌà àà àJerome€Bond,€Jr.,€was€attempting€to€leave€the€store€when€four€or€fiveÏarmed€males€in€black€ski€masks€entered€the€store€and€ordered€its€occupants€to€theÏfloor.€€According€to€Bond,€four€or€five€shots€were€fired.€€One€of€the€robbers,€who€hadÏa€knee€to€Bond's€back€and€a€gun€to€his€face,€took€his€wallet,€containingÏapproximately€$140.00.€€Bond€recalled€that€another€of€the€robbers,€in€response€to€aÏcustomer€who€was€not€cooperating,€ordered€another€robber€to€"clock"€the€customer;Ïhowever,€no€more€shots€were€fired.€€It€was€only€after€the€robbers€left€that€BondÏdiscovered€that€the€victim€had€been€shot.€€ÌÌà àà àBond,€who€knew€the€defendant€"by€face,"€recalled€seeing€himÏstanding€outside€the€store€just€before€the€robbery;€however,€he€was€unable€toÏidentify€any€of€the€masked€robbers.€€Bond€remembered€that€one€of€the€robbers€hadÏa€.380€automatic€pistol€and€that€one€of€the€shots€sounded€like€a€shotgun€blast.€€ÌÌà àà àAndrew€Bolden,€the€night€manager€at€the€market,€was€tending€theÏcash€register€and€talking€on€the€telephone€at€the€time€of€the€robbery.€€He€testifiedÏthat€there€were€about€five€customers€in€the€store,€including€Bond€and€the€victim,Ïwhen€three€armed€men€wearing€stocking€masks€entered€the€store€and€ordered€theÏoccupants€to€the€floor.€€He€recalled€that€one€of€the€robbers€ordered€another€to€shootÏa€handicapped€customer€who€was€unable€to€lie€on€the€floor.€€That€customer€wasÍnot€shot.€€Bolden€recalled€that€one€of€the€robbers€took€money€from€the€cashÏregister.€ÌÌà àà àAfter€the€robbery,€Bolden€discovered€that€the€victim€had€been€shot.€ÏBolden€recalled€hearing€four€shots,€some€of€which€sounded€different€than€others.€ÏHe€observed€a€bullet€hole€in€the€storage€area€near€the€victim€and€what€appeared€toÏbe€shotgun€pellets€above€the€door.€€ÌÌà àà àCaroline€Hollister€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€thatÏwhen€she€arrived€at€the€market,€she€asked€the€victim€who€had€shot€him.€€DescribingÏthe€victim€as€scared€and€agitated,€the€officer€recalled€that€the€victim€named€theÏdefendant€and€a€Spencer€Payne.× ƒ6 ××  ×ÌÌà àà àAnthony€Yarborough€witnessed€the€latter€part€of€the€Serve„RiteÏrobbery.€€After€hearing€shots€from€his€residence,€he€looked€across€the€street€in€timeÏto€see€some€men€exit€the€Serve„Rite€and€enter€two€different€cars;€one€was€a€whiteÏHyundai€and€the€other€a€maroon€Chevrolet.€€Yarborough€recalled€seeing€a€shotgunÏand€observed€that€one€of€the€men€had€a€stocking€over€his€head.€€He€recognizedÍone€of€the€two€getaway€cars€as€that€of€Roderick€Turner€who€lived€in€theÏneighborhood.€€Yarborough€testified€that€he€had€observed€the€defendant,€whom€heÏdid€not€know€but€had€seen€before,€driving€the€white€car€earlier€in€the€day.€ÏExplaining€that€he€was€nervous€and€afraid€for€his€family,€Yarborough€was€unable€toÏpoint€out€the€defendant€from€the€witness€stand.€€ÌÌà àà àDemetrius€Henderson,€who€had€pled€guilty€to€second€degree€murderÏand€two€counts€of€aggravated€robbery€because€of€this€incident,€testified€for€theÏstate.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€He€recalled€that€on€the€day€of€the€robbery,€the€defendant,€who€wasÏaccompanied€by€his€cousin,€claimed€that€he€had€been€robbed€of€his€cocaine€andÏwould€pay€$700.00€and€an€ounce€of€cocaine€for€his€assistance€in€this€matter.€ÏHenderson€testified€that€he€joined€with€the€defendant€and€six€other€men,€all€ofÏwhom€were€in€two€cars,€a€Hyundai€and€a€Chevrolet,€in€an€effort€to€find€theÏdefendant's€robber.€€The€defendant,€Dennis€Smith,€and€Demarcus€Radliff€were€inÏthe€Hyundai.€€Henderson,€Charles€McGaughy,€Thomas€Watkins,€Lee€Antonio€Boyd,Ïand€Carl€Porter€got€into€the€Chevrolet.€€ÌÌà àà àHenderson€testified€that€they€first€went€to€a€residence€but€found€noÍone€at€home.€€He€stated€that€the€men€then€proceeded€to€the€Serve„Rite.€€AccordingÏto€Henderson,€the€defendant,€who€had€purchased€masks,€handed€them€out€to€eachÏof€the€participants€before€they€went€into€the€store.€€All€but€one€was€armed.€€TheÏdefendant,€who€gave€Radliff€.32€caliber€bullets,€had€a€.380€and€another€man€had€aÏshotgun.€€Porter,€who€was€the€only€one€without€a€gun,€stayed€in€the€car.€ÏHenderson€said€he€had€a€.22,€Boyd€a€.32,€Radliff€a€.32,€McGaughy€a€.380,€andÏWatkins€a€12€gauge€shotgun.€€Henderson€identified€McGaughy€as€the€robber€whoÏordered€the€store€occupants€to€the€floor.€€He€recalled€that€the€robber€with€theÏshotgun,€Watkins,€fired€before€the€others.€€Henderson,€who€denied€firing€a€shot,Ïtestified€that€"a€lot€of€people€fired."€€He€stated€that€Watkins€and€the€defendant€wentÏto€the€back€of€the€store€during€the€course€of€the€robbery.€€ÌÌà àà àBy€the€time€of€this€trial,€McGaughy€had€also€pled€guilty€to€secondÏdegree€murder€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€robbery.€€A€witness€for€the€state,€heÏtestified€that€the€defendant€claimed€that€he€had€been€robbed€and€wanted€someÏhelp.€€He€recalled€that€the€defendant€stopped€to€acquire€some€stocking€caps€beforeÏthe€men€entered€the€Serve„Rite.€€McGaughy€claimed€that€he€was€without€his€maskÏand€never€fired€his€weapon,€a€.380,€but€conceded€that€he€had€"laid€€[two]€peopleÏdown"€during€the€robbery.€€He€claimed€that€he€never€received€the€quarter€ounce€ofÏcocaine,€the€"juice"€of€crack,€or€the€$700.00€the€defendant€represented€he€wouldÍpay.€€McGaughy€admitted€driving€a€burgundy€Chevrolet€and€said€the€defendantÏwas€in€a€small€white€sports€car.€€On€cross„examination,€McGaughy€admitted€that€heÏhad€failed€to€mention€to€police€that€the€defendant€entered€the€store.€€HeÏacknowledged€that€he€had€told€officers€that€Watkins,€who€he€said€had€shot€theÏvictim,€and€Henderson€did€the€shooting€during€the€robbery.€ÌÌà àà àDr.€Jerry€Francisco,€the€Shelby€County€Medical€Examiner,€performedÏan€autopsy.€€He€testified€that€the€victim€had€two€gunshot€wounds€which€did€damageÏto€the€œspinal€cord›€and€his€lungs,€liver,€and€other€internal€organs.€€Dr.€€FranciscoÏmeasured€one€of€the€bullets€at€32/100€of€an€inch.× ƒ8 ××  ×€€He€explained€that€the€victim,Ïwho€was€paralyzed€from€the€neck€down€because€of€the€shooting,€died€from€theÏinfections€caused€by€the€wounds.€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€presented€no€proof.€€ÌÌà@ àIÌà àà àIn€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€the€defendant€contendsÏthat€the€proof€at€trial€was€simply€inadequate€to€establish€that€the€defendant€eitherÍcommitted€or€was€criminally€responsible€for€the€robbery€of€either€Bond€or€theÏServe„Rite€or€the€shooting€of€the€victim.€€The€defendant€points€out€theÏinconsistencies€between€statements€made€by€his€co„defendants€to€police€andÏthose€made€at€trial.€€The€defendant€contends€that€the€testimony€of€the€co„defendants€was€uncorroborated.€€ÌÌà àà àOn€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.ÏCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€to€œbe€given›€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€areÏmatters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575ÏS.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€This€court€may€not€re„evaluate€theÏevidence€or€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€jury.€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,Ï574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€A€conviction€may€be€set€aside€onlyÏwhen€the€reviewing€court€finds€that€the€"evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€theÏfinding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï13(e).€€ÌÌà àà àRobbery€is€defined€as€"the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€propertyÏfrom€the€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear."€€Tenn.€CodeÍAnn.€ðð39„13„401.€€It€is€aggravated,€and€thus€a€Class€B€felony,€when€œa›€deadlyÏweapon€is€utilized€or€the€victim€of€the€robbery€suffers€serious€bodily€œinjury.›€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð39„13„402.€€One€who€knowingly€kills€another€can€be€found€guilty€ofÏsecond€degree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210.€€In€thisÏstate,€one€may€be€criminally€responsible€for€the€commission€of€offenses€if€he€actsÏwith€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„11„402.€€ÌHere,€there€was€proof€that€the€defendant€was€one€of€several€armed,€masked€menÏwho€robbed€a€convenience€market€and€one€of€its€customers,€shooting€the€victim€inÏthe€process.€€The€victim€identified€the€defendant,€who€others€said€was€armed€with€aÏ.380€pistol,€as€one€of€two€men€who€fired€the€shots€which€ultimately€resulted€in€hisÏdeath.€€There€was€evidence€from€co„defendants€that€the€defendant€was€the€leaderÏin€the€commission€of€the€crimes€and€had€utilized€a€white€Hyundai€automobile.€€OneÏstate€witness€testified€that€he€had€seen€the€same€car€driven€by€the€defendantÏearlier€that€day.€€The€testimony€of€another€witness,€not€charged€with€this€offense,Ïplaced€the€defendant€at€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€ÌÌà àà àA€defendant,€of€course,€cannot€be€convicted€upon€the€uncorroboratedÏtestimony€of€an€accomplice.€€òòSherrill€v.€Stateóó,€321€S.W.2d€811,€814€(Tenn.€1959).€ÏThe€general€rule€is€that€there€must€be€some€fact€testified€to€entirely€independent€ofÍaccomplice€testimony€which,€taken€by€itself,€leads€to€an€inference€not€only€that€aÏcrime€has€been€committed€but€that€the€defendant€is€implicated€in€that€crime.€€òòStateÏv.€Fowleróó,€373€S.W.2d€460,€463€(Tenn.€1963).€€Only€slight€circumstances,€however,Ïare€required€to€furnish€the€necessary€corroboration.€€òòGarton€v.€Stateóó,€332€S.W.2dÏ169,€175€(Tenn.€1960).€€Here,€the€testimony€of€Jerome€Bond€and€AnthonyÏYarborough,€was€sufficient€to€provide€the€necessary€corroboration.€€Other€proof,Ïaccredited€by€the€jury,€established€each€and€every€element€of€the€three€offenses.€ÏThus,€the€evidence€was€sufficient.€€ÌÌà@ àIIÌà àà àAt€trial,€the€defendant€lodged€an€objection€to€the€testimony€of€OfficerÏHollister€regarding€the€statement€made€by€the€victim€that€he€had€been€shot€byÏ"Spencer€Payne€and€Quantreal€Underwood."€€The€trial€court€admitted€the€evidenceÏunder€the€excited€utterance€exception€to€the€rule€against€hearsay€but€found€that€itÏdid€not€qualify€as€a€dying€declaration€exception.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(2)€andÏ804(b)(2).€€Rule€803(2)€permits€the€admission€of€a€"statement€relating€to€a€startlingÏevent€or€condition€made€while€the€declarant€was€under€the€stress€of€excitementÏcaused€by€the€event€or€condition."€€The€statement€should€be€made€soon€enoughÏafter€the€event€"to€minimize€the€opportunity€for€conscious€fabrication."€€òòState€v.ÏCarpenteróó,€773€S.W.2d€1,€9€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).€€"The€event€must€beÍsufficiently€startling€to€suspend€the€normal,€reflective€thought€processes€of€theÏdeclarant."€€òòId.óó€€The€primary€consideration€is€whether€the€statement€offered€intoÏevidence€can€be€deemed€reliable€under€the€circumstances€of€which€it€was€made.€ÏòòId.óó€€That€is,€in€order€to€qualify€as€an€exception€to€the€rule€against€€hearsay,€theÏstatement€should€have€been€made€"at€a€time€so€near€[a€startling€event]€as€toÏpreclude€the€idea€of€deliberation€and€fabrication."€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€857€S.W.2d€1,€9Ï(Tenn.€1993).€€Whether€statements€qualify€as€excited€utterances€is€left€in€greatÏmeasure€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòState€v.€Paytonóó,€782€S.W.2d€490,€494Ï(Tenn.€1989).€€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€trial€court€conducted€a€hearing,€considered€theÏcircumstances,€and€ruled€that€the€statement€qualified€within€the€exception.€€ImplicitÏin€the€ruling€is€that€the€statement€was€so€close€in€time€and€place€to€the€shooting€ofÏthe€victim€so€as€not€to€be€the€product€of€reflective€thought.€€Officer€Hollister€was€theÏfirst€on€the€scene.€€She€responded€to€the€call€within€a€couple€of€minutes.€€ThereÏwas€proof€that€the€victim,€lying€in€his€own€blood€and€fearful€of€being€left€alone,€wasÏunder€extreme€stress,€making€it€unlikely€that€he€had€the€time€or€inclination€toÏcontemplate€and€reflect€on€a€response.€€€In€our€view,€the€trial€court€properlyÏadmitted€the€testimony.€€ÌÌà@ àIIIÌà àà àIn€imposing€the€maximum€sentence€possible,€the€trial€court€found€theÏfollowing€enhancement€factors€applicable€to€the€second€degree€murder€conviction:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)à àThe€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€ofÏthe€offense;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àThe€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)à àThe€defendant€used€a€firearm;€and€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)à àThe€defendant€had€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€40„35„114(2),€(3),€(9),€and€(10).€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àFor€a€Range€I€€offender,€a€Class€A€felony€warrants€a€sentence€ofÏbetween€fifteen€and€twenty„five€years.€€The€range€is€eight€to€twelve€years€for€aÏClass€B€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1)(2).€€Because€the€trial€courtÏimposed€the€minimum€sentences€possible€for€each€of€the€aggravated€robberies,Ïthe€defendant€challenges€only€the€twenty„five€year€sentence€for€second€degreeÏmurder.€€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€adhere€to€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€as€set€out€by€the€legislature€and€improperly€applied€the€enhancementÏfactors.€€The€defendant€specifically€complains€about€the€trial€court€mentioning€theÏtwenty„five€year€sentences€imposed€upon€those€who€pled€guilty,€saying€"I€can't€seeÍany€difference€between€you€and€them."€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€serviceÏof€a€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÏshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€andÏall€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ï1991).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€SentencingÏCommission€Comments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€theÏimpropriety€of€the€sentence.€€ÌÌà àà àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atÏthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;Ï(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€theÏdefendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€Ì„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ìà àÌò òà àà àó óIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€felony€conviction,€the€presumptiveÏsentence€is€the€minimum€within€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€orÏmitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancementÏfactors€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€theÏminimum.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€€40„35„210(d).€€A€sentence€involving€bothÏenhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€an€assignment€of€relative€weight€forÏthe€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„210.€€The€sentence€may€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€by€any€weightÏassigned€to€the€mitigating€factors€present.€€òòIdóó.€ÌÌà àà àThe€sentencing€act€clearly€contemplates€individual€sentencing.€€Yet,Ïin€our€view,€there€are€purposes€under€the€act€which€would€support€a€lengthyÏsentence:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)à àEvery€defendant€shall€be€punished€by€theÏimposition€of€a€sentence€justly€deserved€in€relation€toÏthe€seriousness€of€the€offense;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àThis€chapter€is€to€assure€fair€and€consistentÏtreatment€of€all€defendants€by€eliminating€unjustifiedÏdisparity€in€sentencing€and€providing€a€fair€sense€ofÏpredictability€of€the€criminal€law€and€its€sanctions.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(1)€and€(2).€€ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àWhile€there€was€no€evidence€that€the€murder€involved€more€than€oneÏvictim,€there€were€other€enhancement€factors€properly€applied.€€Based€upon€theÏtestimony€at€trial,€the€defendant€was€clearly€the€leader€in€the€commission€of€theÏoffense;€there€was€proof€that€he€organized€the€participation€of€all€of€the€othersÏinvolved€in€the€crime.€€Clearly,€the€defendant€utilized€the€firearm€in€the€commissionÏof€the€crime€and€helped€arm€the€others€who€assisted€in€the€offense.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(2)€and€(9).€€There€was€evidence€upon€which€the€trial€court€couldÏconclude€that€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€the€crime€when€theÏrisk€to€human€life,€including€others€besides€the€victim,€was€high.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð40„35„114(10).€€There€were€several€weapons.€€More€than€one€robber€fired€shots.€ÏThere€were€innocent€bystanders€endangered€by€the€events.€€No€mitigating€factorsÏwere€listed.€€The€considerable€weight€of€those€enhancement€factors€that€wereÏproperly€applied€would€warrant€the€twenty„five€year€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,Ï899€S.W.2d€175,€œ186›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).€€ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÇCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌThomas€T.€Woodall,€Judge€Ì