WPCz vg~Q$xŀaΘug]jʛ#+tMh$pm^{&x2v ""@qw~P)a5/-YRe&`D :0Sg"Rd=֨V穹֧e+V%c_(9F=PO1F>\$Z 6Od7xי YtJYp1zdQPlFs:cV]ۅNrD dULD)_NNPL5&{.PBa)FrBàH.oZ-ٚ ],ܕ1"[0B?q?l^NfȂmFm*a&);0gk6j!Ү5pyGnq4QKMK-_'*S1Y&0u!k  c AssistantAttorneyGeneral c 2dFloorCordellHullBuilding c 425FifthAvenueNorth c Nashville,TN372430493 c JamesN.Ramsey c DistrictAttorneyGeneral c JaniceG.Hicks c AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral c 127AndersonCountyCourthouse c Clinton,TN37716OPINIONFILED:___________________ AFFIRMED  0P+0  PAULG.SUMMERS,  1"-2 Judge44c/ H  7yXXdXXd7    H  7yXXdXXd7    H  7yXXdXXd7   // H  7mXXdd7   /#XyXXXp # XpXXXy   4 D4 Q(DOPINION  9>5; / H  7yXXdXXd7   / ;7=  H  7yXXdXXd7   / H  #Xd#    /XpXXXp InOctober1996,RandyD.Vowell,theappellant,wasconvictedbyajury  ofonecountofaggravatedrapeandonecountofrapeintheAndersonCountyCriminalCourt.Hewassentencedtotwentythree(23)yearsandeight(8)yearsfortherespectiveoffensestobeservedintheTennesseeDepartmentofCorrection.Thesentencesaretorunconcurrently.Theappellantraisesthefollowingissuesforourreview: 44I.XpXXXpԀWhethertheappellantscounselwasineffective.#XpXXXp# D  XpXXXpII.Whethertheevidencewassufficienttosupportthe ` convictionforaggravatedrape.#XpXXXpd#XpXXXpIII.Whetherthestateimproperlyalludedtothevirginityof  thevictim.#XpXXXp#XpXXXpIV.Whethertherewasinappropriatecontactbetweenthevictimandprosecutingofficials,requiringamistrial.V.Whethertheindictmentwasfatallyflawedforfailuretoallegetherequisiteculpablementalstate.#XpXXXp#XpXXXpԀ#XpXXXp#XpXXXp B #XpXXXp#XpXXXpVI.Whetherthesentenceforaggravatedrapeis ( unconstitutionallydisproportionatetothecrime.#XpXXXpj#  Ӏ @ Q@OO2 FACTS  @  V"! 4 4   OnFridaynight,September15,1995,thethirteenyearoldvictimspentthenightatagirlfriendshouse. #  1      ׀Thegirlfriendsoldersisterwasathomebut %D!% wasasleep.Thevictimandherfriendwatchedtelevisionuntilaroundmidnightwhentheywentupstairstogotobed.Shortlythereafter,theyheardacarpullupnearthehouse.Thevictimrecognizedthecarastheappellantsvehicle.Thevictimknewtheappellantbecauseherfatherhadhiredhimtochopwoodanddootherlabor.Thevictimtestifiedthattheappellanthadcalledherseveraltimes,usuallywhenshewasspendingthenightwithMR.Thevictimtestifiedthatshedidnotliketheappellantandwouldusuallyhanguponhimwhenhecalled. Thevictimwentdownstairstofindtheappellantstandinginthedoorofthehouse.ThevictimtoldtheappellantthatsheandMRweregettingreadytogoto 7<39 bed.Sheremembered,however,thatMRdidnothaveanythingtodrinkandthatsheandMRwerethirsty.Thevictimaskedtheappellanttotakehertoanearbystoretogetsomesoda. Theappellantdrovetowardthestore,butheturnedoffontoagravelroad.Hewouldnottellthevictimwheretheyweregoing.Thevictimtestifiedthattheappellantstoppedthecar,toldherthatshewasbeautiful,andaskedhertokisshim.Sherefused.Thevictimtestifiedthattheappellantlockedthecardoorsandrapedher.Shetestifiedthattheappellantgotontopofherandheldherhandsbehindherhead.Thevictimtestifiedthatshetoldtheappellant No,andtriedtopushhimoffofher.Shetestifiedthattheappellantremovedtheirclothingandvaginallypenetratedher.Thevictimtestifiedthat,aftertherape,theappellanttoldherthathewassorry.Shetoldhimnottodo itagain.Thevictimtestifiedthattheappellantpulledthecarforward,stopped,andvaginallyrapedheragain.ShetestifiedthatheXXXXtoldherthathewouldkillherifshetold P(#& anyonewhathappened.#XXXXz# 0*%(  TheappellanttookthevictimbacktoMRshouse.Thevictimtoldherfriendwhathappenedandcalledthepolice.Thevictimwastakentothehospitalwhereshewasexamined.ThehospitalpreparedandsentarapekittotheTennesseeBureauofInvestigation(TBI).Theemergencyroomphysician,XXXXDr. 3.2 VanMask,#XXXXa#Ԁtestifiedthathisexaminationofthevictimwasneutral.Hedidnot p504 findevidenceofspermorevidencethatthevictimhadbeenforciblyraped.XXXXSameraZavaro,aforensicscientistattheTBI,testifiedthatthevaginalswabin 0948 therapekittestedpositiveforsperm.RaymondDePriest,anotherforensicscientistwithTBI,testifiedthattheDNAsamplestakenfromthevaginalswabsofthevictimmatchedthatoftheappellant.#XXXXl# p  Thedefensedidnotputonanyproof.Thestate,however,introducedastatementmadebytheappellanttoapoliceofficer.Inthestatement,theappellantdeniedthatheknewthevictim.Hedidadmitthatonthenightinquestion,hepickedupagirlthathelaterlearnedtobethevictim.Heletherdrivehiscaronsomeofthecountrybackroads.Hedeniedthathehadevermadeanyadvancestowardthevictimandthathehadeverbeeninterestedinher. XXXXTheappellantarguesthathistrialcounselwasineffectivebecausehe 0 failedtocalltheappellantasawitness.TheappellantalsocontendsthathisattorneyshouldhavecrossexaminedthevictimandMRtoestablishinconsistenciesinthevictimstestimony.Theappellantattachedhisaffidavitandtheaffidavitofhissister,SherryRainey,tohismotionfornewtrial.Ms.RaineyatteststostatementsmadebyMRthatcontradictthetestimonyofthevictim.#XXXX"#XXXX $" #XXXX %#XXXXAffidavitsareconsideredevidenceinamotionforanewtrial.Tenn.R.Crim. p&!$ Proc.33(c).Thestatedidnotfileopposingaffidavits.Thetrialcourtdeniedthemotion.Thecourtdidnotstatefindingsoffactinitsorder.Thecourtessentiallyincorporateditsfindingsasfoundatthehearingontheappellantsmotionforanewtrial. Theappellantfailedtoincludethetranscriptofthemotionforanewtrialintherecordonappeal.Thestatearguesthattheappellanthaswaivedthisissueforfailuretosubmitarecordadequateforreviewoftheissueonappeal.See p504 ////T.R.A.P.////24(b). Whenapartyseeksappellatereviewthereisadutytopreparearecordwhichconveysafair,accurateandcompleteaccountofwhattranspired 0948 withrespecttotheissuesformingthebasisoftheappeal.Statev.Ballard,855  S.W.2d557,560(Tenn.1993)(citationomitted).Althoughtherecordcontainstheappellantsunopposedaffidavits,weareoftheopinionthattherecordisinadequatetoproperlyreviewtheissueraisedbytheappellant.Wedonothavethefindingsofthetrialcourt.#XXXXa%#XXXXԀ#XXXX*#XXXXTherecorddoesnotreflectwhetheranyevidence 0  wassubmittedatthehearingonthemotionfornewtrial.#XXXX*#XXXXԀ Where#XXXX+#XXXXԀtherecordis `  incompleteanddoesnotcontainatranscriptoftheproceedingsrelevanttoanissuepresentedforreview...anappellatecourtisprecludedfromconsideringtheissue.Id.at56061.Themeritsoftheappellantsineffectiveassistanceof  counselissuesraisedinhismotionfornewtrialhavenotbeenaddressedorwaived.Wepointoutthisfactforpurposesofcollateralattack,shouldthatcircumstanceariseinthefuture.̀#XXXX+# 0 ! 4 D&4 D! TheappellantnextarguesthattheevidenceisinsufficienttoestablishbodilyinjuryasrequiredtosupporttheaggravatedrapeXXXXconviction.#XXXX.#Aggravated @ rapeisdefinedasunlawfulsexualpenetrationofavictimbythedefendantorthedefendantbyavictimandthedefendantcausesbodilyinjurytothevictim.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913502(a)(2)(Supp.1995).XXXXԀBodilyinjuryincludesacut, $" abrasion,bruise,burnordisfigurement;physicalpain;ortemporaryillnessorimpairmentofthefunctionofabodilymember,organ,ormentalfaculty.Tenn.CodeAnn.39-11-106(a)(2)(Supp.1995). Aguiltyverdictbythejury,approvedbythetrialcourt,accreditsthetestimonyofthewitnessesforthestateandresolvesallconflictsinfavoroftheprosecution'stheory.Statev.Grace,493S.W.2d474,476(Tenn.1973).A 1-0 verdictofguiltremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceandreplacesitwithapresumptionofguilt,andthedefendanthastheburdenofillustratingwhytheevidenceisinsufficienttosupportthejury'sverdict.Statev.Tuggle,639S.W.2d P726 913,914(Tenn.1982).Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofwitnesses,the 0948 weightandvaluetobegiventheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraisedbytheevidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact.ThisCourtdoesnotreweighorreevaluatetheevidence.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978). p NormaythisCourtsubstituteitsinferencesforthosedrawnbythetrieroffactfromcircumstantialevidence.Liakasv.State,286S.W.2d856,859(Tenn. 0  1956).Therefore,onappeal,thestateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewofthetrialevidenceandallreasonableandlegitimateinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromtheevidence.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307(1979);////T.R.A.P.////   13(e)#XXXX"0#XXXX.#XXXX6#XXXX  #XXXX(7#XXXX Thevictimtestifiedthatduringthefirstrape,theappellantbangedherheadonthesideofthecar,causinghertoloseconsciousness.Shealsotestifiedthathehitherinthesideofthehead,slappedherinthemouthandcausedhertocutherfinger.DoctorVanMasktestifiedthatthevictimhadabruiseonherearandasmallcutonherfinger.Anexaminingroomnursetestifiedthatthevictimhadasmallcutonherfingerandacutonherear.ChiefDetectivePennyBakertestifiedthatthevictimhadabruiseonherleftearandacutonherfinger.Thelegislaturehasincludedbruisesandcutsasadequateelementsjustifyingaconvictionforaggravatedrape. ItisnotthedutyofthisCourttoapplysizeordegreerequirementstosuchunambiguouslegislation.Statev.Smith,891////S.W.2d////922,928(Tenn.////Crim////.////App////.1994)(quotingStatev. 0*%( Harris,866////S.W.2d////583(Tenn.////Crim////.////App////.1983)).Thisissueiswithoutmerit.#XXXX7#XXXX ,`'* #XXXX<#$ 4 Da&4 D&$ Theappellantclaimsitwasreversibleerrorforthestatetoalludetothe / +. virginityofthevictim.Ondirectexamination,thestateaskedthevictimifshehadeverhadsexbeforethenightoftheallegedrape.Thevictimrespondedthatshehadnot.Theappellantdidnotobjectattrial;therefore,thisissueiswaived.////T.R.A.P.////36(a).Theappellantarguesthathewas ambushedattrialbecause,XXXX P726 pursuanttoTennesseeRuleofEvidence412,#XXXX?#Ԁthestateshouldhavegiven 0948 noticethatitintendedtointroducespecificinstancesofconductorbehaviorofthevictim.Thereisnoshowingthattheadmissionofthisevidencewasprejudicialtothedefensesuchastorequireareversal.////T.R.A.P.////36(b). Theappellantnextarguesthatthejurywasimproperlyallowedtoseeastateemployeecomfortthevictim,requiringamistrial.XXXXInheraffidavit,the `  appellantssister,statesthat Isawthejuryand[thevictim]occupyingthesamespacenearahallwaybench#XXXXiA#XXXXԀduringarecess.Thestateswitnesscoordinator    comforted[thevictim]whowascrying,bypattingheronthehandandbuyinghera[////c]oke////,allinfrontofthejurywhichwassequestered.Apparentlythisissuewasraisedforthefirsttimeintheappellantsmotionforanewtrial.Asthestatenotes,thereisnotranscriptofthemotionforanewtrial.Theonlyevidenceintherecordistheappellantssistersaffidavit.Thetrialcourtfoundnomerittotheissue. Whetheranoccurrenceduringthecourseofatrialwarrantsamistrialisamatterthatrestsinthesounddiscretionforthetrialjudge.ThisCourtwillnotreversethetrialjudgesdecisionabsentaclearabuseofdiscretion.Statev. $" McPherson,882////S.W.2d////365(Tenn.////Crim////.////App////.1994).InMcPherson,the p&!$ witnesscoordinatorwenttothejuryboxandhuggedthevictimofanaggravatedrapeapparentlybeforethejuryhadretiredtothejuryroom.TheCourtsaidthattherewasnoindicationthatthejurorsknewthatthewitnesscoordinatorwas#XXXXIB#XXXXԀan ,`'* employeeofthestate.#XXXXG#ԀId.at37071.TheCourtheldthatthetrialjudgedidnot -@), abuseitsdiscretioninoverrulingtheappellantsmotionforanewtrialbecausetherecordpreventedthecourtfromreachinganyotherdecision.Id.at370. 1-0 Thefactsinthecaseatbarareremarkablysimilar.Thereisnothingintherecordtoindicatethatanyjurorknewthatthewitnesscoordinatorwasan employeeofthestate.XXXXThevictimwasvisiblyupsetthroughouthertestimony.#XXXXI# P726 Wefindnothingintherecordtoindicateanabuseofdiscretion.Thisissueiswithoutmerit.  Theappellantnextarguesthattheindictmentwasfatallyflawedforfailuretoallegetherequisiteculpablementalstate.Thecountsoftheindictmentallegethattheappellantdidunlawfullyandfeloniouslyengageinsexualpenetration.TheTennesseeSupremeCourtrecentlyaddressedasimilarlydispositiveissueinStatev.Hill,954////S.W.2d////725(Tenn.1997).TheCourtsaid:    44Theoffenseallegedintheindictmentunderconsiderationisaggravatedrape.TennesseeCodeAnnotated39-13-502(a)(4)definestheapplicablecategoryofaggravatedrapeasthe"unlawfulsexualpenetrationofavictimbythedefendant,...[when]thevictimislessthanthirteen(13)yearsofage."Thisstatutedoesnotspecifyamentalstate.Thus,pursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.39-11-301(c),thementalelementissatisfiediftheindictmentallegesthatthedefendantcommittedtheproscribedactwithintent,knowledge,orrecklessness.Obviously,theactforwhichthedefendantisindicted,"unlawfullysexual////penetrat[ing////]"apersonundertheageofthirteen,iscommittableonlyiftheprincipalactor'smens////rea////isintentional,knowing,orreckless.Thus,therequiredmentalstatemaybeinferredfromthenatureofthecriminalconductalleged.Clearly,thelanguageofthisindictmentprovidesadequatenoticetoboththedefendantandthetrialcourtoftheoffenseallegedprotectsthedefendantfromsubsequent////reprosecution////forthissameoffense.TheformoftheindictmentcomplieswiththerequirementsofTenn.CodeAnn.40-13-202.4 4Id.at729. P(#&  Thisissueiswithoutmerit.  Lastly,theappellantarguesthatthesentenceforaggravatedrapeisunconstitutionallydisproportionatetothecrime.AggravatedrapeisaclassAfelonywithasentencingrangeforaRangeIoffenderof//fifteento//////twentyfiveyears.////Thecourtorderedtheappellanttoservea//twentythreeyear////sentence.Thecourtalsoorderedhimtoserveaconcurrentsentenceof//eightyears////fortherapeconviction.Thesentencingrangeforrape,aclassBfelony,is//eightto//////twelveyears.////Theappellantarguesthatthegravityofthevictimsinjuriesinthis 0948 casedonotjustifythe//fifteen//year////differenceinhissentenceforaggravatedrapeandhis///eight//8///////year////sentenceforrape.Wehavealreadydeterminedthattheevidenceissufficienttosupporttheappellantsconvictionforaggravatedrape.Thequestion,then,iswhetherthe///twentythree//23///year////sentenceconstitutescruelandunusualpunishmentinviolationofthestateandfederalconstitutions.Inthisregard,theTennesseeSupremeCourthasstated: 44Attheoutsetwenotethatbecausereviewingcourtsshouldgrantsubstantialdeferencetothebroadauthoritylegislaturespossessindeterminingpunishmentsforparticularcrimes,[////o]utside////thecontextofcapitalpunishment,successfulchallengestotheproportionalityofparticularsentences[willbe]exceedinglyrare.See////Solem////v.  Helm,463U.S.277,289-90,103////S.Ct////.3001,3009,77  ////L.Ed////.////2d////637,649(1983)(emphasisinoriginal)(quoting  ////Rummel////v.Estelle,445U.S.263,272,100////S.Ct////.1133, p 1138,63////L.Ed////.////2d////382,390(1980)).  Ӏ @ ****  Weholdthatthepropermeansbywhichtoevaluateadefendant'sproportionalitychallengeundertheTennesseeConstitutionisthatsetforthbyJusticeKennedyin////Harmelin////, P ---U.S.at---------,111////S.Ct////.at2702-09,115////L.Ed////.////2d////at866-74(Kennedy,J.,concurringinpart).Underthismethodology,thesentenceimposedisinitiallycomparedwiththecrimecommitted.Unlessthisthresholdcomparisonleadstoaninferenceofgross////disproportionality////,theinquiryends--thesentenceisconstitutional.Inthoserarecaseswherethisinferencedoesarise,theanalysisproceedsbycomparing(1)thesentencesimposedonothercriminalsinthesamejurisdiction,and(2)thesentencesimposedforcommissionofthesamecrimeinotherjurisdictions.4 4StatevHarris,844////S.W.2d////601,60203(Tenn.1992). @)$'  4 4 Da& Thethresholdcomparisonofthecrimetothesentenceinthiscasedoesnotleadtoaninferenceofgross////disproportionality////.Rapeandaggravatedrapeareseriouscrimes.Theyoungvictiminthiscasewasinjuredasdefinedbythelegislature.Wearenotatlibertytoadjustsentencesbasedonourdeterminationofthegravityofavictimsinjuries.Thesentencewaswithinarangethatwassetbyourlegislaturewithinconstitutionalparameters.XXXX ThejudgmentofthetrialcourtisAFFIRMED.  :p59 Ї 4 p4   p _____________________________  p PAULG.SUMMERS,Judge#XXXXac#CONCUR: P  _____________________________JERRYL.SMITH,Judge_____________________________CURWOODWITT,Judge