ÿWPCÑ sÍjÊ ”DO¦êó≧ÜñqQ+`ð¬ªÃŠÉ¤Ú¦Å Z JIZÍJZN8ŽkuQsv¾e¶Ô¹G„êlöÎÄ¡®µÉ(ƒûrp§}D06Xôo°¡Œîûò¡±õ#*Cõ Ãýý³Ò×Sì§Cjí|Ý#©çSžî¨`V‹«qjõ½ŸT~®üÓ‘ú ޳­¶6r‹,GL¬7°íÌB¿ w cEùàÙÌ/œ¬µ¯Ñîo<ºøæ‹šA, ú«¬&° /Ñ3v4U¿ÄgÌ ¨µ‡HgŸÆ¦v–8RbŠ?’ÿ¢¨ƒöÊúÒ:ô€äŽ’‰ˆÍ›É‡ÕŠÊ"ïbl³¹FïÞ^ ¹ZLJ=€$D8¨aîH–¤ø 2æ¶Ô2¶QFßåiXQ S;'ȽȲ—?Ñ ‚ÖÏ,Gölûg5mä³éÔÓŽÙØ Ä¥WÍóh¼¶tYa€…‰¬“îÊÍdò™]Ñæ@)ÐKÔ¤>A®`§È,÷9ñÂ"‚ÓŒ¬Ïý̇ý|ó—T†Õµ.–­äÁPìÏÕ±Ÿ0ú[¥à=#(‹<ãÙHcLù Ø3|n›zV‰‹"·n[EI¢Ë¯¾}ÒÒƒaä…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U:Í b w@ 4O c r äz U:^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ D3µ µ µ 0Dè è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è è AO, Æ{ { 0DA D/… B´˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,Ù¹6 AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- °±'e²r‚³D´µD¶e·D¸¹Ó€uM%3|x ÚÔ€ X‹xXXXÔÔ€ RX X‹xÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X‹xX RÔÐ  ÐÌJune€1,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d%%%%'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ±ñ›ñ±ññ±ñ›ñ±ñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€ŠáåŠXXÔÔ€ŠÙŠŠŠáåÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€Õ XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñ¹ñœßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rß›ñ¹ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJANUARY€SESSION,€1999ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9801„CR„00016€Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àó óÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,ò òà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÐ `  ÐV.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHON.€CHERYL€BLACKBURN,€ó óÐ ` Ðò òBARRY€WADDELL,à h àà À à€à  à)à p àJUDGEÐ ` Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò òà  à)ó óà p àÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àò òà  à)à p à(RAPE€OF€A€CHILD)Ð ` Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð Hè ÐÌò òLIONEL€R.€BARRETT,€JR.à À àà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ð 8 Ø Ðó óWashington€Square€Two,€Suite€418à  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ 8!Ø Ð222€Second€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€TN€37201à h àà À àò òà  àà p àDARYL€J.€BRAND€Ð (#È Ðñ±ñœñ±ñó ó(On€Appeal€Only)ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ ($È Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌñ±ñœñ±ñò òDIANNE€TURNERñ±ñ›ñ±ñà h àó óà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ð &¸ Ðñ±ñœñ±ñTrial€Lawyers€Building€ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà h àà À àñ±ñœñ±ñà  àà p àNashville,ñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€TN€€37243Ð '¸ Ðñ±ñœñ±ñ430€Third€Avenue€North,€Suite€101ñ±ñ›ñ±ñÌñ±ñœñ±ñNashville,€TN€37201„1111ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà À àà  àà p àò òVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,€IIIÐ )¨  Ðñ±ñœñ±ñó ó(At€Trial€Only)ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ *¨ ! ÐÌñ±ñœñ±ñò òDAVID€A.€COLLINSó óñ±ñ›ñ±ñà h àà À àà  àà p àò òWILLIAM€REED€Ð ø+˜"# Ðñ±ñœñ±ñó ó211€Printers€Alley€Building,€Suite€400ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ ø,˜#$ Ðñ±ñœñ±ñNashville,€TN€37201ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà h àà À àà  àà p àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ð ð-$% Ðñ±ñœñ±ñ(At€Trial€Only)ñ±ñ›ñ±ñà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à222€2nd€Avenue€North€Ð è.ˆ%& Ѐà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€37201„1649Ð à/€&' ÐÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€IN€PART;€REVERSED€AND€ñ±ñœñ±ñMODIFIEDñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€IN€PART€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÐ  9001 ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°o²°ŠŠÙÔò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€ŠÙа°o²ÔÐ `  ÐÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€Defendant,€Barry€Waddell,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€conviction€in€theÏDavidson€County€Criminal€Court.€€After€a€jury€trial,€Defendant€was€convicted€of€twoÏ(2)€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€(Counts€1€and€2)€and€two€(2)€counts€of€aggravatedÏsexual€battery€(Counts€3€and€4).€€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€twenty„five€(25)€yearsÏfor€each€count€of€rape€of€a€child€and€ten€(10)€years€for€each€count€of€aggravatedÏsexual€battery,€with€all€sentences€to€be€served€ñ±ñœñ±ñconsecutively,€for€an€effectiveÏsentence€of€seventy€(70)€years.ñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€ñ±ñœñ±ñimproperlyÏsentencedñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€him€to€the€maximum€period€of€incarceration€for€his€ñ±ñœñ±ñrape€of€a€childÏconvictionsñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€and€erred€in€ordering€his€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.€€WeÏaffirm€in€part,€ñ±ñœñ±ñand€reverseñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€ñ±ñœñ±ñand€modify€inñ±ñ›ñ±ñ€ñ±ñœñ±ñpart.€ÌÌà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range€or€the€manner€of€service€of€aÏsentence,€this€court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€aÐ f$ Ðpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showingÏin€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€Ð &,Æ"# ÐÌà ` àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider:€(a)€theÐ 0¦&' Ðevidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€presentenceÏreport;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;Ï(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutoryÏmitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€hisÏown€behalf;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Ð ¶9V01 ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€„210;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2dÐ `  Ð859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà ` àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencingÏprocedure,€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€andÏproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€andÏmade€findings€of€fact€adequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modifyÏthe€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,Ð  @ Ð805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€€Crim.€App.€1991).€€ÌÌà ` àAt€trial,€the€victim,€K.S.€(it€is€the€policy€of€this€court€not€to€refer€to€child€victimsÏof€sexual€offenses€by€name),€testified€that€her€best€friend€was€Whitney€Rickman,Ïstepdaughter€of€the€Defendant.€€The€victim€was€ten€(10)€years€old€at€the€time€of€trial.€ÏWhen€she€was€seven€(7)€years€old€in€1994,€K.S.€visited€Whitney€Rickman€almostÏevery€weekend.€€Defendant€took€her€into€the€upstairs€bedroom€to€ð ðplay€modelingððÏwhile€he€took€photographs.€€The€victim€indicated€receiving€ð ðbad€touchesðð€from€theÏDefendant€while€ð ðmodelingðð€in€an€upstairs€bedroom€alone€with€the€Defendant.€€K.S.Ïrecalled€that€normally€Whitney€Rickman€would€be€outside€the€door€with€the€doorÏclosed€to€the€bedroom.€€K.S.€indicated€that€her€private€parts€were€touched€with€theÏDefendantððs€mouth,€his€finger€and€his€penis.€€This€touching€included€digitalÏpenetration€and€cunnilingus.€€The€victim€stated€that€the€Defendant€instructed€her€notÏto€tell€anyone€about€these€events.€€From€K.S.ððs€testimony,€this€abuse€occurredÏfrequently€for€a€period€of€1.5€years.ÌÐ  :À00 Ðà ` àArthur€William€Rees,€employed€by€the€Youth€Services€Division€of€the€NashvilleÏPolice€Department,€testified€at€trial€that€he€received€a€complaint€regarding€anÏallegation€of€child€abuse€of€K.S.€on€April€3,€1995.€€Rees€met€with€the€victimððs€parentsÏon€April€4,€1995,€€and€then€interviewed€K.S.€the€following€day€at€McMurray€MiddleÏSchool.€€When€he€told€the€victim€why€he€was€there,€the€victim€became€ð ðveryÏdistraught,€withdrawn,€and€she€seemed€like€she€didnððt€want€to€talk.€€It€affected€herÏvery€„„€it€was€a€visible€.€.€.€she€was€visibly€shaken€when€we€told€her€why€we€wereÏthere€to€talk€to€her.ðð€€K.S.€became€so€upset€and€defensive€that€the€interview€had€toÏbe€terminated€until€a€later€date.ÌÌà ` àNancy€Quiggle€was€the€therapist€for€the€victim€at€the€Rape€and€Sexual€AbuseÏCenter.€€Quiggle€testified€at€the€sentencing€hearing€that€K.S.€had€been€a€therapyÏpatient€since€July€1995.€€The€victim€participates€in€therapy€weekly€in€a€very€smallÏgroup€setting.€€When€Quiggle€first€met€K.S.,€Quiggle€observed€that€she€was:ÌÓÓà8 ` àcarrying€a€lot€of€guilt€.€.€.€felt€very€responsible€for€a€lot€of€what€hadÏhappened€to€her€.€.€.€felt€a€lot€of€shame€to€the€point€where€when€sheÏinitially€disclosed,€she€left€a€lot€of€what€had€happened€out€of€theÏdisclosure,€and€it€took€quite€a€bit€of€time€to€develop€a€relationship€withÏme€and€starting€to€build€some€trust€and€starting€to€understand€that€whatÏhad€happened€was€not€her€fault€before€she€was€able€to€really€come€outÏwith€all€the€things€that€had€occurred.€€Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌÓÓQuiggle€stated€that€K.S.€was€ð ðafraid€that€if€she€told,€she€would€be€punished€or€hurt;Ïthat€there€was,€you€know,€the€threat€made€to€her€that€if€you€tell,€you€know,€I€will€hurtÏyou,€and€so€she€was€afraid€that€if€she€did€tell,€he€would€carry€forth€on€his€threat€andÏshe€would€be€hurt.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àQuiggle€described€that€initially€the€victim€did€not€want€to€talk€about€the€sexualÏabuse,€but€that€she€only€would€write€down€four€(4)€things€that€had€occurred€on€aÐ  :À00 Ðpiece€of€paper.€€She€erased€these€four€(4)€things,€but€eventually€was€able€to€rewriteÏthem€and€keep€it€written€on€the€paper.€€Initially,€K.S.€described€having€frequentÏnightmares,€full€of€scary€things€and€people.€€Quiggle€could€not€recall€if€theseÏnightmares€were€specific€to€the€abuse.€€After€several€months,€K.S.€told€Quiggle€thatÏshe€thought€she€could€use€some€dolls€to€depict€what€had€happened€to€her.€€EvenÏwhen€the€victim€used€objects€to€describe€the€sexual€abuse,€she€would€ask€QuiggleÏto€look€away.€€While€K.S.€did€not€want€to€describe€to€her€parents€the€variousÏincidents€of€sexual€abuse,€she€allowed€Quiggle€to€tell€them€when€she€was€notÏpresent.€ÌÌà ` àQuiggle€noted€that€these€sexual€crimes€committed€upon€K.S.€have€affectedÏher€ability€to€trust€other€individuals.€€While€Quiggle€could€not€state€exactly€how€longÏthe€victim€would€need€to€continue€therapy€(estimating€six€(6)€months),€she€noted€thatÏthe€reason€that€the€therapy€had€continued€this€long€was€because€ð ðof€the€continuedÏstress€of€what€wound€up€happening.€€I€think€once€she€feels€secure€that€she€is€safe,Ïthat€her€abuser€is€in€prison€and€she€is€not€going€to€have€to€deal€with€him€anymore,Ïshe€may€phase€off€therapy.ðð€€In€terms€of€the€victimððs€emotional€status,€Quiggle€statedÏthat€ð ðit€is€still€to€this€day€very€difficult€for€her€to€talk€about€it,€and€even€if€she€hearsÏabout€sexual€abuse.€€She€told€me€once€that€in€a€class,€they€had€somebody€come€inÏto€do€a€prevention€program,€and€that€it€was€so€upsetting€to€her€that€she€cried€and€leftÏthe€room,€so€I€think€the€subject€still€triggers€in€her€a€lot€of€emotion,€negative€emotionÏand€sadness€and€fear.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àOn€cross„examination,€Quiggle€stated€that€throughout€her€therapy,€K.S.€hadÏmaintained€good€grades,€had€not€exhibited€any€signs€of€antisocial€behavior,€nor€hadÐ  :À00 Ðshe€withdrawn€from€her€friends€or€family.€€However,€Quiggle€stated€that€while€anÏoutsider€could€not€immediately€notice€any€adverse€effects€upon€the€victim,€theÏdistress€K.S.€suffered€ð ðis€very€internal€.€.€.€because€[K.S.]€tends€to€be€able€to€keepÏwhatever€pain€she€is€feeling€inside€pretty€well,€and€it€comes€up€when€it€is€triggered.Ï.€.€but€I€am€seeing€things€that€make€me€realize€that€there€are€still€some€internal€stuffÏthat€is€going€on€with€[her]€that€Iððm€concerned€about.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àDale€Shade,€the€victimððs€father,€testified€that€K.S.€was€ten€(10)€years€old€at€theÏtime€of€the€sentencing€hearing.€€Shade€stated€that€K.S.€had€nightmares€periodicallyÏsince€the€abuse€occurred.€€Before€the€original€trial€date€was€postponed€from€OctoberÏ1996,€Shade€described€that€the€victim€was€obviously€nervous€until€a€week€or€soÏbefore€the€trial€date€when€she€ð ðwas€almost€at€a€relieved€standpoint€because€she€feltÏthat€it€was€going€to€finally€be€over€or€her€part€in€it.ðð€€After€learning€that€the€trial€wasÏto€be€delayed€until€March€1997,€K.S.€became€very€upset€because€she€had€wantedÏto€ð ðget€it€over€with.ðð€€As€the€March€trial€date€approached,€the€entire€family€becameÏextremely€anxious.ÌÌà ` àWhen€asked€to€describe€how€these€events€had€affected€their€daughter,€DaleÏShade€read€the€following€prepared€response:ÌÓÓà8 ` àHow€has€what€happened€to€[K.S.]€affected€us?€€Where€do€we€start?€ÏFor€the€past€two€years,€we€have€been€looking€over€our€shoulders.€€WeÏdonððt€let€[her]€out€of€our€sight,€even€when€she€is€in€our€own€backyard.€ÏThere€are€only€a€few€people€we€allow€[her]€to€spend€time€with€or€evenÏspend€the€night€with.€€Weððve€become€very€protective,€sometimes€a€littleÏtoo€much,€but€hopefully€that€will€lessen€with€time.€[K.S.]€has€spent€theÏlast€year€and€a€half€going€to€counseling€every€week.€€We€donððt€knowÏhow€long€this€will,€she€will€have€to€continue,€or€periodically€will€she€haveÏto€see€someone€for€the€rest€of€her€life.€€And€what€will€happen€to€her€asÏshe€gets€older€and€starts€having€relationships€with€boys?€€We€areÏwondering,€will€these€events€be€brought€all€back€up?Ð :À00` (#` (# Їà8 ` àDuring€this€time,€[she]€has€had€nightmares,€a€lot€of€the€times,€she€wantsÏto€sleep€with€her€mother€to€help€her€get€through€this.€€She€says€sheÏfeels€safer€that€way.€€We€try€to€reassure€her€so€that€she€wonððt€be€afraid.€ÏHe€took€her€innocence€away.€€She€is€a€little€girl€who€has€been€put€intoÏan€adult€situation.€€This€is€a€part€of€our€life€that€we€have€unfortunatelyÏkept€from€our€parents€because€we€donððt€know€how€[her]€grandparentsÏwill€take€this€information€and€if€they€will€treat€her€differently.€€We€donððtÏwant€that€to€happen,€and€we€donððt€know€how€they€will€respond€to€theseÏevents.€€Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àIt€has€changed€all€of€her€views.€€You€think€it€will€never€happen€to€you.€ÏYou€think€that€you€can€protect€your€child€from€the€big€bad€wolf,€but€thenÏwhen€the€big€bad€wolf€happens€to€be€a€friendððs€father,€how€can€youÏcontinue€to€trust€and€teach€[K.S.]€how€to€trust€people?€€We€want€[her]Ïto€have€a€fun€childhood,€but€this€happened,€and€it€has€taken€away€partÏof€her€childhood,€a€part€that€can€never€be€regained.€€We€donððt€want€thisÏto€happen€to€anyone€else,€and€the€fact€that€he€has€used€his€ownÏdaughter€for€his€sick€satisfaction,€we€feel€that€someone€like€this€shouldÏnot€be€allowed€back€into€our€society€until€he€has€served€the€maximumÏamount€of€time€for€his€crimes,€and€in€my€opinion,€that€is€not€evenÏenough,€a€severe€enough€time.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌÓÓà ` àFollowing€Dale€Shadeððs€testimony,€the€trial€court€questioned€him€regarding€theÏnature€of€relationship€they€had€with€the€Defendant€prior€to€their€awareness€of€thisÏsituation.€€Shade€stated€that€the€Defendant€was€living€with€his€girlfriend€Carol€andÏher€daughter€Whitney€at€that€time,€and€they€would€drop€off€the€victim€at€theÏDefendantððs€home€nearly€every€week.€€They€had€all€gone€out€to€dinner€several€timesÏtogether,€with€the€Shade€family€having€the€Defendant€and€his€family€over€to€theirÏhome€on€numerous€occasions.€€Shade€noted€that€he€had€just€built€a€pool,€and€theÏDefendant€had€come€over€and€swam€in€their€pool€with€the€girls.€€Shade€describedÏtheir€relationship€with€the€Defendant€as€one€in€which€they€trusted€Defendant€with€notÏonly€their€property,€but€trusted€him€completely€with€the€care€of€their€daughter.€ÏBecause€Shade€often€worked€on€Sundays€and€was€off€on€Saturdays,€the€DefendantÏwould€normally€babysit€the€girls€on€Sunday€and€Shade€would€watch€them€onÏSaturday.€€After€K.S.ððs€parents€learned€of€the€allegations€of€sexual€abuse,€thisÏbabysitting€relationship€with€the€Defendant€was€terminated.Ð  :À00 Їà ` àShade€then€read€a€letter€addressed€to€the€trial€court,€written€by€the€victim,Ïwhich€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àDear€Judge:€I€hope€that€you€all€decide€that€Barry€stays€in€jail€a€veryÏlong€time€[jail€underlined€many€times].€€Because€of€what€he€did,€it€is€likeÏhe€put€a€dent€into€my€life.€€Itððs€like€when€I€was€born,€I€started€with€aÏstraight€line,€but€now€of€what€he€did,€now€my€line€has€a€dent€in€it,€plusÏI€donððt€think€it€was€right€for€him€to€touch€me€in€the€places€he€did.€€Well,ÏI€just€hope€he€stays€in€jail€[underlined€several€times]€until€he€is€deadÏ[several€exclamation€points].Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àI€hope€he€stays€in€jail€.€.€.€I€mean€it.€.€.€Love,€[K.S.].Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌÓÓÌà ` àThe€Defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf,€stating€that€he€was€falsely€accusedÏand€convicted€of€a€crime€which€he€did€not€commit.€€Defendant€explained€that€he€wasÏaccused€of€this€crime€only€because€he€tried€to€end€his€relationship€with€CarolÏRickman.€€Defendant€is€a€member€of€the€Haywood€Hills€Baptist€Church€and€hasÏasked€for€forgiveness€for€his€adulterous€life.€€Defendant€stated€that€he€had€beenÏaround€lots€of€little€girls€and€never€had€any€desire€to€do€anything€to€them.€€OtherÏevidence€presented€on€the€Defendantððs€behalf€included€Honorable€Discharge€papersÏfrom€the€Air€Force.€€ÌÌà ` àFollowing€the€presentation€of€proof€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€courtÏstated€that€it€would€consider€the€evidence€at€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing,€theÏprinciples€outlined€by€the€General€Assembly€for€sentencing,€any€arguments€ofÏcounsel,€the€nature€and€the€characteristics€of€the€crime,€any€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors€and€the€statement€of€the€Defendant.€€In€looking€at€theÏenhancement€factors,€the€trial€court€considered€Counts€One€(1)€and€Two€(2)€(rapeÏof€a€child)€jointly€and€Counts€Three€(3)€and€Four€(4)€(aggravated€sexual€battery)Ïjointly.€Ð  :À00 Ð.€€Ìà ` àThe€trial€court€found€as€applicable€enhancement€factor€(1),€that€defendant€hasÏa€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thatÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€ÏDefendant€admitted€to€using€marijuana€on€previous€occasions€in€the€past.€€InÏaddition,€the€trial€court€noted€that€it€could€consider€any€evidence€of€sexual€crimes€notÏcharged€in€this€case,€based€upon€the€number€of€times€and€the€length€that€this€abuseÏwent€on.€€òòState€v.€Hunteróó,€926€S.W.2d€744,€748„49€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€Ð ˜8 ÐEnhancement€factor€(6),€that€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victim€wereÏparticularly€great,€was€also€applied€by€the€trial€court.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼114(6).€€Evidence€that€K.S.€required€counseling€as€a€result€of€this€incident,€hadÏnightmares,€and€continued€to€be€emotionally€traumatized€by€this€sexual€abuse€wereÏall€supportive€of€this€factor.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€54€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð À!` ÐApp.€1994).€€ÌÌà ` àBecause€this€was€a€modeling€game€wherein€the€Defendant€took€a€camera€andÏtook€pictures€of€a€partially€nude€child,€the€trial€court€found€the€evidence€clearlyÏsupported€factor€(7)€as€the€offense€was€committed€to€gratify€the€Defendantððs€desireÏfor€pleasure€or€excitement€as€to€the€convictions€for€rape€of€a€child.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„114(7).€€The€trial€court€correctly€found€that€this€factor€only€applied€to€theÏñ±ñconcivctionsñ±ññ±ñconvictionsñ±ñ€for€rape€of€a€child.€€Intent€to€gratify€a€desire€for€pleasure€and€excitementÏis€a€necessary€element€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€that€factor€cannot€be€usedÏto€enhance€the€œsentenceñ³ñ€ñ²ñ›ñ²ññ³ñsñ´ñ€ñ´ññ¶ñ›ñ¶ññ´ñfñ´ñoñµñfñµñr€the€convictions€of€this€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Kissingeróó,Ð 6°,, Ð922€S.W.2d€482,€498„90€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€185€(Tenn.Ð 8¸.. ÐCrim.€App.€1995).€€Finally,€the€trial€court€applied€factor€(15)€as€the€Defendant€abusedÐ  :À00 Ða€position€of€trust,€public€or€private,€or€used€a€special€skill€in€a€manner€thatÏsignificantly€facilitated€the€commission€or€the€fulfillment€of€this€offense.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(15).€€The€trial€court€based€application€of€this€factor€uponÏDefendantððs€status€as€a€friend€of€the€family,€entrusted€to€babysit€their€child,€and€theÏfact€that€the€abuse€had€gone€on€for€some€period€of€time.ÌÌà ` àAs€far€as€mitigating€factors,€the€only€applicable€mitigating€factor€was€(13),€thatÏDefendant€had€been€honorably€discharged€from€the€Air€Force.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„113(13).€€While€Defendant€relied€upon€his€stable€work€history€and€lack€of€priorÏcriminal€record,€the€trial€court€refused€to€consider€these.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€foundÏenhancement€factors€(1),€(6),€and€(15)€and€mitigating€factor€(13)€applicable€to€allÏconvictions.€€In€addition,€it€found€enhancement€factor€(7)€also€applicable€to€theÏconvictions€for€rape€of€a€child.€€In€a€sentencing€order€filed€approximately€six€(6)€daysÏafter€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€stated€that€it€ð ðgave€great€weight€toÏenhancing€factors€6€and€15€in€calculating€the€defendantððs€sentence.ððÌÌà ` àThe€sentence€for€a€Range€I,€Class€A€felony€is€fifteen€(15)€to€twenty„five€(25)Ïyears.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1).€€As€to€Counts€One€(1)€and€Two€(2),€theÏtrial€court€found€the€maximum€sentences€were€warranted€and€justifiable€under€theÏfacts€in€this€record€and€the€application€of€enhancement€factors€(1),€(6),€(7)€and€(15).€ÏFor€Counts€Three€(3)€and€Four€(4),€the€sentence€for€a€Range€I,€Class€B€felony€is€notÏless€than€eight€(8)€nor€more€than€twelve€(12)€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼112(a)(2).€€In€consideration€of€enhancement€factors€(1),€(6)€and€(15),€the€trial€courtÏreasoned€that€a€ten€(10)€year€sentence,€the€mid„point€of€the€range,€was€appropriateÏon€each€of€those€counts.Ð  :À00 Їà ` àThe€trial€court€stated€that€it€considered€the€presumptive€sentence€for€CountsÏ1€and€2€to€be€a€twenty€(20)€year€sentence,€the€mid„range€of€that€sentence.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(1995).€€This€was€error.€€The€presumptive€sentence€forÏClass€A€felonies€committed€prior€to€July€1,€1995€is€the€minimum€sentence.€€BecauseÏthe€Defendant€committed€the€offenses€before€the€July€1,€1995€amendment€ofÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„210,€the€minimum€sentence€in€theÏapplicable€range€is€the€presumptive€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð 0  Ð210(c)(1990)€(Repealed€July€1,€1995);€òòState€v.€Ivory€Thomasóó,€No.€02C01„9705„CR„Ð ˜8 Ð00179,€Shelby€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€April€24,€1998)€(No€Rule€11Ïapplication€filed).€€The€record€reflects€that€the€authorities€were€notified€of€theseÏoffenses€in€April€1995,€after€which€the€evidence€is€conclusive€that€no€further€abuseÏoccurred.€€Since€the€trial€court€applied€an€incorrect€presumptive€sentence€on€CountsÏ1€and€2,€there€is€not€a€presumption€of€correctness€for€the€sentences€for€rape€of€aÏchild,€and€our€review€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€for€these€sentences.€Ð È#h ÐÌà ` àDefendant€argues€that€his€previous€criminal€behavior,€enhancement€factor€(1),Ïwas€applied€by€the€trial€court€in€error€as€it€is€unclear€as€to€what€other€sexual€crimesÏare€being€referred€to€and€Defendantððs€use€of€marijuana€occurred€over€twenty€(20)Ïyears€prior€to€the€trial.€€While€the€trial€court€did€refer€to€Defendantððs€admission€in€theÏpresentence€report€of€using€marijuana€in€the€past,€the€trial€court€heavily€relied€uponÏthe€number€of€times€and€the€length€that€the€sexual€abuse€occurred.€€In€òòState€v.Ð 2 (( ÐHunteróó,€926€S.W.2d€at€748„49,€this€court€held€that€a€defendantððs€prior€criminalÐ 4¨** Ðbehavior€may€include€evidence€of€sexual€crimes€committed€but€not€prosecuted.€€WeÏâ âagree€with€the€trial€courtððs€assessment€that€the€Defendantððs€criminal€behavior€ofÐ 8¸.. Ðsexually€abusing€the€victim€was€an€appropriate€application€of€enhancement€factorÏ(1).€€Ìâ âÌà ` àSecondly,€the€Defendant€asserts€that€ð ðin€the€absence€of€any€personal€injuriesððÏit€is€improper€to€use€enhancement€factor€[6]€in€this€manner.€€The€trial€court€reliedÏupon€the€testimony€that€K.S.€was€scared,€had€nightmares€and€continued€to€requireÏcounseling€as€a€result€of€the€Defendantððs€abuse€in€applying€factor€(6).€€In€òòState€v.Ð 0  ÐMcKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€at€54,€this€court€held€that€the€fact€that€two€(2)€of€the€victimsÐ ˜8 Ðof€sexual€abuse€required€counseling€was€sufficient€to€support€the€application€of€thisÏenhancement€factor.€€Clearly,€the€testimony€demonstrated€that€K.S.€had€manyÏproblems€during€therapy€and€would€need€to€continue€therapy€for€an€indefinite€periodÏinto€the€future.€€We€agree€that€this€psychological€trauma€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóóÐ ¸X Ðnecessitates€the€application€of€factor€(6).ÌÌà ` àFinally,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€application€of€enhancement€factor€[15]Ïwas€erroneous€as€it€carries€the€private€trust€position€to€an€unacceptable€degree.€ÏDefendant€fails€to€cite€any€authority€to€support€his€argument;€therefore,€this€issue€isÏwaived.€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Killebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€231Ð è+ˆ"" Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1988).€€NotwithstandingÐ ð-$$ ÐDefendantððs€failure€to€cite€authority,€the€law€is€clear€in€Tennessee€that€a€defendantÏoccupying€a€relationship€with€a€victim€entrusted€to€his€care€which€promotes€Ïð ðconfidence,€reliability€or€faithðð€in€that€defendant€is€sufficient€for€application€ofÏenhancement€factor€(15).€€òòSeeóó€òòKissingeróó,€922€S.W.2d€at€488„89.€€There€is€no€errorÐ 6°,, Ðin€the€length€of€Defendantððs€sentences€for€Counts€3€and€4,€aggravated€sexualÏbattery.Ð  :À00 Їà ` àRegarding€Defendantððs€argument€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€considerÏany€mitigating€factors,€we€can€find€no€error.€€While€the€presence€of€a€criminal€recordÏis€an€enhancement€factor,€the€absence€of€such€is€not€a€mitigating€factor.€€òòState€v.Ð p  ÐRobinsonóó,€971€S.W.2d€30,€48€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)€(òòcitingóó€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882Ð x ÐS.W.2d€410,€422„23€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994)).€Ð €  ÐParticularly€in€view€of€Defendantððs€extensive€criminal€activity€in€this€case,ÏDefendantððs€lack€of€prior€criminal€convictions€was€appropriately€ignored.€€WhileÏDefendantððs€work€record€and€contribution€to€his€family€may€be€entitled€to€someÏconsideration,€we€find€that€it€carries€little€weight€in€this€case.€€ÌÌà ` àReviewing€the€sentences€for€rape€of€a€child€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€without€the€presumptionÐ °P Ðof€correctness,€we€note€the€following.€€Applying€enhancement€factors€(1),€(6),€andÏ(15),€and€mitigating€factor€(13)€in€this€case,€the€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€toÏten€(10)€years€on€each€conviction€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€the€exact€mid„pointÏof€the€range.€€In€its€sentencing€order,€the€trial€court€stated€that€it€gave€great€weightÏto€factors€(6)€and€(15)€in€calculating€Defendantððs€sentences€for€all€four€convictions,Ïincluding€rape€of€a€child.ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€court€applied€one€(1)€additional€enhancement€factor€to€the€sentencesÏfor€rape€of€a€child,€that€being€enhancement€factor€(7).€€The€trial€court€did€provide€inÏits€sentencing€order€the€theoretical€statement€that€ð ðeven€if€the€court€had€calculatedÏthe€sentence€[for€rape€of€a€child]€beginning€at€fifteen€(15)€yearsðð€the€court€wouldÏhave€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€of€twenty„five€(25)€years.€€However,€the€courtÏbased€this€upon€the€ð ðstrength€of€the€enhancing€factors.ðð€€The€trial€court€enhanced€theÏaggravated€sexual€battery€sentences€to€the€mid„point€of€the€range€based€upon€theÐ  :À00 Ðstrength€of€enhancement€factors€(1),€(6),€and€(15).€€Of€particular€importance€andÏsignificance€in€our€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€is€that€the€trial€court€did€not€give€ð ðgreat€weightðð€toÐ h  Ðenhancing€factor€(7),€the€only€additional€factor€applied€to€the€sentences€for€rape€ofÏa€child.€€Based€upon€our€review€ñ¶ñoftheñ¶ññ¶ñof€theñ¶ñ€entire€record,€including€the€findings€of€fact€andÏweight€afforded€to€the€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors€by€the€trial€court,€we€holdÏthat€the€sentence€for€each€conviction€for€rape€of€a€child€should€be€eñ­ñheñ­ñnñ®ñhñ®ñañ¯ñnñ¯ñced€eightÏ(8)€years€for€a€total€sentence€of€twenty„three€(23)€years€for€each€conviction€for€rapeÏof€a€child,€and€the€judgmentñ°ñsñ°ñ€for€each€such€conviction€are€modified€accordingly.€€€€ÌÌà ` àFor€Defendantððs€second€issue,€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences,€heÏasserts€that€there€was€no€clear€indication€that€K.S.€would€suffer€great€mentalÏdamage€for€the€rest€of€her€life,€and€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€DefendantððsÏlengthy€work€record,€church€activity,€lack€of€criminal€record€and€other€evidenceÏsupporting€his€potential€for€rehabilitation.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€theÏsentences€were€to€be€served€consecutively€based€upon€Defendantððs€convictions€forÏtwo€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involving€the€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€The€trial€court€alluded€to€the€devastation€of€bothÏfamilies€as€justification€for€the€sentences€being€consecutive.€€In€addition,€the€trialÏcourt€also€found€that€the€extensive€damage€to€the€victim€and€her€family€as€a€resultÏof€the€Defendantððs€behavior€and€the€statements€of€the€Defendant€justified€that€theÏconsecutive€sentencing€was€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€andÏwas€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€serious€criminal€conduct€byÏthe€Defendant.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).€€InÐ 6°,, Ðâ âsummation,€the€trial€court€stated€that€is€was€beyond€the€courtððs€belief€that€DefendantÐ 8¸.. Ðwould€suggest€that€these€charges€were€brought€in€revenge.€€The€trial€court€feltÏDefendantððs€testimony€was€simply€not€credible.Ìâ âÌà ` àIf€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involvingÏsexual€abuse€of€a€minor,€with€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstances€arisingÏfrom€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€ofÏdefendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€acts€andÏthe€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim,€the€court€mayÏimpose€consecutive€sentences.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€Due€to€theÏDefendantððs€status€as€a€friend€of€the€family,€trusted€to€care€for€K.S.€in€their€absence,Ïthe€extensive€time€span€of€the€abuse,€the€nature€of€the€sexual€abuse,€including€bothÏcunnilingus€and€digital€penetration,€as€well€as€the€extensive€residual€mental€distressÏand€damage€the€victim€suffered,€we€can€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€impositionÏof€consecutive€sentences.€€Furthermore,€the€consecutive€nature€of€the€sentencesÏwas€correctly€justified€as€it€was€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€crimesÏDefendant€committed€against€K.S.€and€is€necessary€to€protect€the€general€publicÏfrom€further€acts€of€sexual€abuse€of€minors.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@þþ*DàòòConclusionóóˆÐ ð-$$ Ðñ¶ñ›ñ¶ññ¶ññ¶ñÌà ` àThe€trial€court€used€the€incorrect€presumptive€sentence€for€the€determinationÏof€Defendantððs€sentences€for€Counts€1€and€2.€€ñ¶ñœñ¶ñThe€sentences€for€each€conviction€forÏrape€of€a€child€are€modified€to€twenty„three€(23)€years.€€The€trial€court€committed€noÏâ âerror€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences€and€in€the€length€of€sentences€imposed€œforñ·ñÐ 8¸.. Ðñ·ññ¸ñÐ 8¸.. Ðñ¸ñCounts›€3€and€4.€€Accordingly,€the€judgments€in€Counts€3€and€4€are€affirmed.€€TheÏeffective€sentence€for€all€counts€is€sixty„six€(66)€years.€€Ìâ âÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Judge