ÿWPC- oÍžŠézÎK©Çä“D ™JµKÔ5–òæ» ³7LBš|a41žØ:['…N£Ò‰ßðNÏosp9Ž 1óGnJ_·]Xí„ï'_ÌÍiÀ%þÊá¿Í#r\T¡gó”3À4Çâ9V—fºæì¸Ú–ñVñ¯Êû/ÕôóXSs·ª©žcK…‹æï-'@³ÉVÝÂÎSøÒ½n í)ÉУ “ ^Ãæ±oZ\ ¦×þJPü~ox›7GÌʼ›zp‹ñw8}U1,Pò9êÒy@K&ÏÂ?ßbè'Uæâ$Å5[¬ÚZÓÑ\3H)„sj_¢²á.&\–q1&éÀ³¢'ŸOÕD#º³ÎÅü>£ÃÅÖï6ô–jTÈ&|Mχ-78 y€ZãA¬˜õ=¨s_7—-ê9Â8·Ñ_YÇ÷ÞÇ7¶³À Vc¤.^ßqë†5¥.––úŽ,MIr‡ûKÌeÉâ®û:岿.#Xê=u„i“éÌóÅ ÐÂîëÊ-SŠKšÓ›ö(Ð#GXÝi׿j%KS1k'lç–ͰäE>¿¢iåá?g©ÛÆ}æ§Êô¶º ýQîñïì=ÙZ*Ù©Û¨xò%pÆ•)ŠòjâÌ›Ü>Ɖ½b#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% U3N­  û 0D zI Òà z• Ò^ áwíÆñÆ·Æ}ÆC4 N.E0 m2U@I‰‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘b"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0ë**** B 0¤2 D3Ö D-  0K66 ASÆÔ 0¤š 0D> A«‚˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒRðr$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€State€filed€a€motion€in€the€post„conviction€court€to€dismiss€the€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€due€toÐ ° Ðthe€expiration€of€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations.€€However,€in€response,€the€petitioner€submitted€proof€that€theÐ tÄ Ðpetition€was€ð ðpostmarked€for€filing€on€March€5,€1998,ðð€in€compliance€with€Tenn.€Sup.€Ct.€Rule€28,€ðð€2(G).(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptY¦+ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÖJ~'nt| £3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman   ‡Ý ƒRðr$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIn€his€brief€on€appeal,€the€petitioner€notes€Funkððs€failure€to€object€to€the€prosecutorððs€statement€at€theÐ ° Ðsubmission€hearing€that€police€seized€at€least€twenty„five€grams€of€cocaine€from€the€petitioner.€€He€asserts€that€ð ðtheÐ tÄ Ðrecord€provided€in€this€matter€shows€a€total€weight€of€5.0€grams€of€cocaine€in€[the€petitionerððs€possession].ðð€€TheÐ 8ˆ Ðpetitioner,€however,€does€not€follow€this€assertion€with€any€citation€to€the€record,€and€we€have€been€unable€to€locate€anyÐ üL Ðproof€in€the€record€contradicting€the€prosecutorððs€statement€concerning€the€amount€of€drugs€seized€by€police€from€theÐ À Ðpetitioner.€€Moreover,€as€noted€earlier,€petitionerððs€post„conviction€counsel€conceded€at€the€post„conviction€evidentiaryÐ „Ô Ðhearing€that€a€successful€federal€prosecution€would€have€subjected€the€petitioner€to€a€greater€sentence€than€the€sentenceÐ H ˜ Ðafforded€by€the€petitionerððs€guilty€pleas.- ù-(|G2ðr$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€J»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôôò»»Ô d(|3Gs$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€J»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Gs$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€J»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€J»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼J»»»ÔÑ8€IXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îB4JÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼J»îîB4 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€April€25,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XIX»¼JÔÌò òÔ#†¼J»XXI#ÔLARRY€WADEòòóó€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóóÔ‡XIX»¼JÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€as€of€Right€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€96„D„1952€€€€€€Seth€Norman,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„01260„CCA„R3„PC€„€Filed€August€30,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Larry€Wade,€appeals€the€denial€of€his€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€by€theÐ xÈ  ÐCriminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÔ#†¼J»XXI‘#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼JÔ.€€He€asserts€that€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€and€theÐ d´ Ðunknowing€and€involuntary€nature€of€his€guilty€pleas€entitle€him€to€relief€from€his€convictions€ofÐ P  Ðattempted€second€degree€murder€and€Ô‡XIXXXIÔpossession€of€one„half€gram€or€more€of€cocaine€with€intent€toÐ <Œ ÐsellÔ#†XIXXXI#ÔÔ#†¼J»XXI#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼JÔ.€Ô#†¼J»XXIJ#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼JÔ€Following€a€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€post„Ð (x Ðconviction€court.Ð d ÐÓ»ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼J»àXIŽ#ÔÔ‡XIX.¼JÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòAlanÐ Ä ÐE.€Glennóó,€JJ.€joined.Ð ° ÐÌRayburn€McGowan,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Larry€Wade.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€David€H.€Ô_ÔFindleyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð `° ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€Lisa€Ô_ÔNaylorÔ_Ô€and€James€W.€Ô_ÔMilamÔ_Ô,€AssistantÐ L œ ÐDistrict€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÓËÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼J»XXIú#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼JÔÐ #`" ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼J»XXI #ÔÔ‡XIX»¼JÔÓ  Óà@ìàòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÔ#†¼J»XXIm #ÔÔ€XIX»¼JԈРè$8 $ Ðà  àà ` àOn€March€6,€1997,€the€petitioner,€Larry€Wade,€pled€guilty€in€the€Davidson€CountyÐ Ô%$!% ÐCriminal€Court€€to€one€count€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€one€count€of€Ô‡XIXXXIÔpossession€of€one„Ð À&"& Ðhalf€gram€or€more€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sellÔ#†XIXXXIñ #Ô.€€At€the€guilty€plea€submission€hearing,€theÐ ¬'ü"' Ðprosecutor€described€the€factual€basis€underlying€the€petitionerððs€pleas:Ð ˜(è#( Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIf€this€matter€went€to€trial€the€Stateððs€witnesses€would€be€present€andÐ „)Ô$) Ðtheir€testimony€would€show€that€on€February€the€6òòthóó€of€1996,€OfficersÐ p*À%* ÐCharles€Williams€and€Anita€Ross€were€working€undercover€for€theÐ \+¬&+ Ðâ âMetro€Crime€Suppression€Unit€and€they€were€doing€that€in€the€areaÐ H,˜',ý ÐÔ_Ôof€Third€Avenue€South€and€Mallory€Street,€a€location€here€inÐ ° ÐDavidson€County.Мì` x` x Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAs€Officer€Williams,€who€was€driving,€proceeded€down€ThirdÐ tÄ ÐAvenue€South,€another€car€blew€the€horn€at€him.€€The€officer€backedÐ `° Ðup€to€see€who€it€was.€€It€was€a€car€occupied€by€a€male,€who€he€wouldÐ L œ Ðidentify€as€Larry€Wade,€and€a€female€who€was€with€Mr.€Wade.Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMr.€Wade€asked€the€officer€what€he€was€looking€for,€to€which€Mr.Ð  ` ÐWilliams€responded€he€needed€a€good€thirty.Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAfter€a€brief€conversation€an€exchange€was€made€of€a€small€quantityÐ Ô$  Ðof€cocaine€for€thirty€dollars.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAt€that€point€Officer€Williams€gave€the€signal€to€other€undercoverÐ ˜è  Ðofficers€in€the€area€to€arrest€Mr.€Wade.€€One€of€those€officers€wasÐ „Ô  ÐWilliam€McCall.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àOfficer€McCall€and€Officer€Donelson€attempted€then€to€effect€theÐ H˜ Ðarrest,€at€which€point€Mr.€Wade,€who€was€armed€with€a€twenty„fiveÐ 4„ Ðcaliber€semi„automatic,€raised€the€weapon,€pointed€it€in€the€directionÐ  p Ðof€Officer€McCall,€and€the€witnesses€would€testify€he€attempted€toÐ  \ Ðpull€the€trigger.ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAt€this€point€the€officer€yelled€for€him€to€drop€the€gun€and€Mr.€WadeÐ Ð  Ðturned€and€fled.м ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àHe€was€apprehended.€€The€weapon€was€recovered.Дä` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIn€the€pursuit€of€Mr.€Wade,€Mr.€Wade€dropped€a€brown€piece€ofÐ l¼ Ðpaper€that€contained€some€rock„like€substance.€€That€was€recoveredÐ X ¨ Ðand€later€tested€and€found€to€be€cocaine€of€at€least€twenty„five€grams.ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAlso,€there€was€some€money€recovered€from€Mr.€Wadeððs€person.Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€time€of€his€guilty€pleas,€the€petitioner€was€eighteen€years€old€and€facingÐ ô$D # Ðcharges€of€one€count€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,€one€count€of€sale€of€less€than€one„half€gramÐ à%0!$ Ðof€cocaine,€one€count€of€Ô‡XIXXXIÔpossession€of€one„half€gram€or€more€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell,€Ô#†XIXXXIÒ#Ôone€countÐ Ì&"% Ðof€evading€arrest,€one€count€of€resisting€arrest,€and€one€count€of€criminal€impersonationÔ‡XIXXXIÔ.€Ô#†XIXXXIÏ#Ô€TheÐ ¸'#& Ðtranscript€of€the€guilty€plea€submission€hearing€reflects€that,€in€return€for€the€petitionerððs€pleas€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðguilt€to€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell,€the€StateÐ )à$( Ðagreed€to€the€dismissal€of€the€remaining€charges€and€also€agreed€to€recommend€concurrent€sentencesÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€twelve€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€Additionally,€the€transcriptÐ h+¸&* Ðreflects€that,€in€return€for€the€petitionerððs€pleas€in€state€court,€federal€authorities€agreed€to€foregoÐ ° Ðprosecution€of€the€petitioner€in€federal€court€on€charges€relating€to€his€possession€of€cocaine€and€aÐ œì Ðgun.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àPrior€to€accepting€the€petitionerððs€guilty€pleas,€the€trial€court€obtained€confirmationÐ `° Ðfrom€the€petitioner€that€he€was€not€suffering€from€any€mental€illness€or€under€the€influence€of€anyÐ L œ Ðdrug.€€The€trial€court€then€reviewed€with€the€petitioner€the€charges€pending€against€him€and€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðaccompanying€potential€sentences.€€Moreover,€the€trial€court€ascertained€that€the€petitioner€had€fullyÐ $ t Ðdiscussed€his€proposed€guilty€pleas€with€his€attorney€and€was€otherwise€satisfied€with€his€attorneyððsÐ  ` Ðrepresentation.€€At€the€trial€courtððs€request,€the€petitioner€also€acknowledged€his€signature€on€aÐ ü L  Ðwritten€petition€to€enter€his€guilty€pleas€and€confirmed€that€he€had€signed€the€petition€freely€andÐ è 8  Ðvoluntarily.€€Finally,€the€trial€court€advised€the€petitioner€of€his€constitutional€rights€and€obtainedÐ Ô$  Ðassurances€from€the€petitioner€that€he€understood€those€rights.€€Consequently,€the€trial€court€acceptedÐ À  Ðthe€petitionerððs€guilty€pleas,€approving€the€sentencing€recommendation€of€the€State€and€imposingÐ ¬ü  Ðconcurrent€sentences€of€twelve€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àFollowing€his€convictions,€the€petitioner€evidently€wrote€a€letter€to€his€attorney€inÐ pÀ Ðwhich€he€expressed€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€disposition€of€his€case.€€In€a€letter€dated€DecemberÐ \¬ Ð10,€1997,€his€counsel€responded:Ð H˜ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€take€great€offense€to€your€letter€of€December€8.€€Please€write€theÐ 4„ ÐCourt€and€ask€to€withdraw€your€guilty€plea.€€I€will€save€this€letter€andÐ  p Ðadvise€the€Court€that€you€obviously€did€not€understand€your€situation,Ð  \ Ðand€I€am€sure€you€will€be€allowed€to€withdraw€your€plea.ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àOnce€you€are€serving€your€sentence€in€the€Federal€Penitentiary,€youÐ Ð  Ðwill€realize€that€whoever€has€given€you€this€bad€advice€is€stupid.м ` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€record€contains€no€motion€by€the€petitioner€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas€pursuantÐ ”ä Ðto€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€32(f).€€However,€on€March€11,€1998,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€the€petitioner€challenged€his€convictionsÐ €Ð Ðby€filing€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief.€€The€petitioner€alleged€in€essence€that€he€receivedÐ l¼ Ðineffective€assistance€of€counsel€and€that€his€guilty€pleas€were€neither€knowing€nor€voluntary.€€TheÐ X ¨ Ðpost„conviction€court€appointed€counsel€and€conducted€an€evidentiary€hearing€on€September€16,Ð D!” Ð1998.€€The€sole€evidence€presented€by€the€petitioner€at€the€hearing€comprised€his€own€testimony.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€petitioner€testified€that,€at€the€time€of€his€offenses,€he€was€seventeen€years€oldÐ $X" Ðand€had€attended€high€school€through€the€eleventh€grade.€€At€the€recommendation€of€a€familyÐ ô$D # Ðmember,€he€retained€Attorney€Glenn€Funk€to€represent€him€in€this€case.€€Funk€represented€theÐ à%0!$ Ðpetitioner€both€at€a€transfer€hearing€in€juvenile€court€and€at€his€guilty€plea€submission€hearing.€Ð Ì&"% ÐAccording€to€the€petitioner,€he€met€with€Funk€approximately€two€or€three€times€for€the€purpose€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðdiscussing€his€case.€€The€petitioner€recalled€that,€during€these€meetings,€he€consistently€denied€toÐ ° ÐFunk€that€he€ever€pointed€his€gun€at€a€police€officer€or€attempted€to€fire€his€gun€on€February€6,€1996,Ð œì Ðand€he€provided€Funk€with€a€list€of€witnesses€who€would€be€able€to€corroborate€his€version€of€eventsÐ ˆØ Ðon€that€day.€€The€petitioner€further€noted€that€the€police€officersðð€testimonies€at€the€transfer€hearingÐ tÄ Ðconcerning€the€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€were€conflicting.€€He€complained€that€FunkÐ `° Ðnevertheless€neglected€to€interview€the€witnesses€identified€by€him.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€petitioner€further€asserted€that,€instead€of€investigating€his€case,€Funk€informedÐ $ t Ðhim€two€or€three€weeks€prior€to€the€submission€hearing€that€federal€authorities€intended€to€arrest€himÐ  ` Ðfor€charges€relating€to€his€possession€of€cocaine€and€a€gun€on€February€6,€1996.€€Funk€advised€theÐ ü L  Ðpetitioner€that€he€would€be€wise€to€avoid€prosecution€in€federal€court€as€the€potential€sentences€wereÐ è 8  Ðfar€greater€than€those€he€would€face€in€criminal€proceedings€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court.€Ð Ô$  ÐAccording€to€the€petitioner,€he€only€agreed€to€enter€the€guilty€pleas€currently€at€issue€due€to€hisÐ À  Ðattorneyððs€advice€and€his€consequent€fear€of€federal€prosecution.€€The€petitioner€explained,€ð ðI€didnððtÐ ¬ü  Ðhave€a€choice.€€I€wanted€to€go€to€trial,€[Funk]€wouldnððt€let€me.€€He€told€me€it€was€not€possible€to€goÐ ˜è  Ðto€trial.ðð€€As€to€the€petitionerððs€assurances€to€the€trial€court€at€the€submission€hearing€that€his€guiltyÐ „Ô  Ðpleas€were€voluntary,€the€petitioner€asserted€that€he€was€ð ðcoached€to€come€in€and€go€through€theÐ pÀ Ðprocess.ððÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àFollowing€the€petitionerððs€testimony,€the€State€presented€the€testimony€of€GlennÐ 4„ ÐFunk,€the€petitionerððs€former€attorney.€€Like€the€petitioner,€Funk€testified€that€he€represented€theÐ  p Ðpetitioner€in€this€case€both€at€the€transfer€hearing€in€juvenile€court€and€at€the€guilty€plea€submissionÐ  \ Ðhearing.€€In€contrast€to€the€petitioner,€Funk€recalled€that€he€met€with€the€petitioner€on€approximatelyÐ øH Ðsix€to€eight€occasions€during€the€course€of€his€representation.€€According€to€Funk,€the€petitioner€didÐ ä4 Ðnot€contest€his€participation€in€the€drug€sale€on€February€6,€1996,€or€his€possession€of€both€cocaineÐ Ð  Ðand€a€gun€on€that€day,€but€he€did€deny€attempting€to€shoot€a€police€officer.€€Funk€confirmed€that€theÐ ¼  Ðpetitioner€provided€him€with€a€list€of€witnesses€who€might€be€able€to€corroborate€the€petitionerððsÐ ¨ø Ðversion€of€events.€€Funk€also€confirmed€that,€at€the€transfer€hearing,€there€were€inconsistencies€inÐ ”ä Ðthe€testimonies€of€several€officers€concerning€the€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€Ð €Ð ÐSpecifically,€Funk€testified:Ð l¼ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€two€male€officers,€Officer€Williams€and€Officer€McCall,€bothÐ X ¨ Ðplaced€Mr.€Wade€€as€doing€that€act.€€And€then€Officer€Ross€who,€dueÐ D!” Ðto€the€rule€was€out€in€the€hallway,€did€indicate€that€Mr.€Wade€was€inÐ 0"€  Ða€position€where€he€couldnððt€have€done€that.Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€mean,€there€was€some€inconsistency,€he€is€correct€about€that.€€AndÐ ô$D # Ðall€along€I€had€told€him€that€was€a€triable€case,€especially€if€he€couldÐ à%0!$ Ðget€me€some€witnesses€that€would€say€that.ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àFunk€conceded€that€he€could€not€recall€whether€or€not€he€interviewed€the€witnessesÐ ¤(ô#' Ðidentified€by€the€petitioner.€€He€also€conceded€that€he€did€not€listen€to€an€audio€tape€recording€of€theÐ )à$( Ðalleged€drug€sale.€€He€explained,€however,€that€his€investigation€of€the€petitionerððs€case€wasÐ |*Ì%) Ðinterrupted€when€an€Assistant€United€States€Attorney€informed€him€that€a€federal€grand€jury€wouldÐ h+¸&* Ðindict€the€petitioner€in€approximately€one€week€due€to€the€petitionerððs€possession€of€cocaine€and€aÐ ° Ðgun€on€February€6,€1996.€€Funk€recalled:Ð œì Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€think€Mr.€Wade€was€looking€at€a€minimum€fifteen€year€sentence€ifÐ ˆØ Ðhe€didnððt€cooperate€with€the€government.€€Fifteen€years€in€federalÐ tÄ Ðtime€would€have€taken€him€about€twelve€to€do.€€And€that€was€aÐ `° Ðminimum€situation.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAnd€that€was€without€pointing€the€gun€and€firing€it,€just€having€theÐ $ t Ðgun€and€possessing€the€crack,€which€we€kind€of€were€in€a€positionÐ  ` Ðwhere€we€had€to€concede.€€And€his€witnesses€werenððt€talking€aboutÐ ü L  Ðthat.Ðè 8 ` x` x ÐAccordingly,€Funk€engaged€in€plea€negotiations€with€the€prosecutor€handling€the€petitionerððs€caseÐ Ô$  Ðin€state€court.€€As€a€result€of€these€negotiations,€the€prosecutor€and€the€Assistant€United€StatesÐ À  ÐAttorney€offered€the€plea€agreement€that€was€ultimately€accepted€by€the€petitioner.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àFunk€testified€that€he€fully€discussed€the€plea€agreement€with€the€petitioner,€includingÐ „Ô  Ðreviewing€the€federal€sentencing€guidelines€with€the€petitioner.€€Funk€recalled€that€he€and€theÐ pÀ Ðpetitioner€ð ðhad€some€pretty€long€discussions,€including€on€the€day€of€the€plea.ðð€€Following€theseÐ \¬ Ðdiscussions,€the€petitioner€stated€to€Funk,€ð ð[O]kay,€Iððm€trusting€you€and€Iððm€going€with€this.ðð€€FunkÐ H˜ Ðstated€his€belief€that€the€petitionerððs€guilty€pleas€were€both€knowing€and€voluntary.€€Funk€concluded,Ð 4„ Ðð ðI€thought€I€got€a€better€deal€for€Larry€Wade€than€I€had€gotten€for€anybody€all€year.ðð€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€conclusion€of€Funkððs€testimony,€petitionerððs€post„conviction€counsel€noted€hisÐ øH Ðagreement€with€Funk€that€a€federal€prosecution€would€have€resulted€in€a€lengthier€sentence€than€thatÐ ä4 Ðcurrently€being€served€by€the€petitioner.€€The€post„conviction€court€noted€in€turn€that€ð ðthis€is€anÐ Ð  Ðabsolute€classic€example€of€plea€bargaining.€€Itððs€a€classic€example.ðð€€The€court€concluded€that€theÐ ¼  Ðpetitioner€was€afforded€effective€representation€of€counsel€and€that€the€petitionerððs€guilty€pleas€wereÐ ¨ø Ðknowing€and€voluntary.Ð ”ä ÐÌà@éé$ìàò òòòII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ l¼ Ðà  àà ` àThe€petitioner€was€required€at€the€post„conviction€evidentiary€hearing€to€prove€theÐ X ¨ Ðfactual€allegations€in€his€petition€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„Ð D!” Ð210(f)(1997).€€ð ðððClear€and€convincing€evidence€means€evidence€in€which€there€is€no€serious€orÐ 0"€  Ðsubstantial€doubt€about€the€correctness€of€the€conclusions€drawn€from€the€evidence.ðððð€€òòState€v.Ð #l! ÐHolderóó,€15€S.W.3d€905,€911€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2000)(quotingÐ $X" ÐòòHodges€v.€S.C.€Toof€&€Co.óó,€833€S.W.2d€896,€901€n.3€(Tenn.€1992)).€€Moreover,€on€appeal,€the€post„Ð ô$D # Ðconviction€courtððs€factual€findings€are€binding€upon€this€court€unless€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ à%0!$ Ðotherwise.€€òòMomon€v.€Stateóó,€18€S.W.3d€152,€156€(Tenn.€1999);€òòHenley€v.€Stateóó,€960€S.W.2d€572,Ð Ì&"% Ð578€(Tenn.€1997).€€ð ðIn€evaluating€whether€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€[post„conviction]Ð ¸'#& Ðcourt's€findings,€we€are€guided€by€longstanding€rules€of€appellate€procedure.ðð€€òòHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2dÐ ¤(ô#' Ðat€578.òòóó€€Thus,€questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€of€theirÐ )à$( Ðtestimony€are€for€resolution€by€the€post„conviction€court.òòóó€€òòBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€755Ð |*Ì%) Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€This€court€will€not€re„weigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence€or€substitute€itsÐ h+¸&* Ðinferences€for€those€of€the€post„conviction€court.€òòóó€òòOwens€v.€Stateóó,€13€S.W.3d€742,€749€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ° ÐApp.€1999),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€531€U.S.€846,€121€S.€Ct.€116€(2000).€€ThatÐ œì Ðhaving€been€said,€this€court€reviews€de€novo€the€post„conviction€courtððs€resolution€of€questions€ofÐ ˆØ Ðlaw€and€mixed€questions€of€law€and€fact.€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).Ð tÄ ÐÌò òà  àA.à0 ` àIneffective€Assistance€of€Counseló óÐL œ` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` àThe€petitioner€contends€in€this€appeal,€as€in€the€court€below,€that€his€guilty€pleas€wereÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€result€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€In€order€to€establish€ineffective€assistance€of€counselÐ $ t Ðin€contravention€of€the€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€Section€9Ð  ` Ðof€the€Tennessee€Constitution,€a€petitioner€must€demonstrate€that€(1)€his€counselððs€representationÐ ü L  Ðwas€deficient€and€that€(2)€the€deficient€performance€was€prejudicial.€€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466Ð è 8  ÐU.S.€668,€687,€104€S.€Ct.€2052,€2064€(1984);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461;€òòHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2dÐ Ô$  Ðat€579;€òòPowers€v.€Stateóó,€942€S.W.2d€551,€558€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Reviewing€courts€need€notÐ À  Ðaddress€these€components€in€any€particular€order€or€even€address€both€if€the€petitioner€fails€to€meetÐ ¬ü  Ðhis€burden€with€respect€to€one.€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461;€€òòHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2d€at€580.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€order€to€demonstrate€that€his€counselððs€performance€was€deficient,€the€petitionerÐ pÀ Ðmust€show€that€counselððs€representation€fell€below€an€objective€standard€of€reasonableness€underÐ \¬ Ðprevailing€professional€norms.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€687„688;€104€S.€Ct.€at€2064„2065;€òòsee€alsoóóÐ H˜ ÐòòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€462.€€In€Tennessee,€our€supreme€court€has€interpreted€this€test€to€require€aÐ 4„ Ðshowing€that€counselððs€performance€was€not€within€the€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneysÐ  p Ðin€criminal€cases.€€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€In€applying€this€test,€thisÐ  \ Ðcourt€should€refrain€from€second„guessing€tactical€and€strategic€decisions€by€defense€counsel.€Ð øH ÐòòHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2d€at€579.€€Rather,€this€court€should€defer€to€such€decisions€if€they€are€based€uponÐ ä4 Ðadequate€preparation.€€òòBurger€v.€Kempóó,€483€U.S.€776,€794„795,€107€S.€Ct.€3114,€3126€(1987);€òòseeÐ Ð  Ðalsoóó€òòHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982);€òòTerry€Lee€Charlton€v.€Stateóó,€No.€M1998„00087„Ð ¼  ÐCCA„MR3„PC,€2000€WL€127278,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€February€4,€2000),€òòperm.Ð ¨ø Ðto€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2000).Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àUltimately,€the€primary€concern€of€the€court€should€be€the€fundamental€fairness€ofÐ l¼ Ðthe€trial€court€proceedings.€€òòState€v.€Mitchellóó,€753€S.W.2d€148,€149€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).òòóó€€Thus,Ð X ¨ Ðas€previously€noted,€a€petitioner€must€establish€prejudicial,€as€opposed€to€merely€deficient,Ð D!” Ðperformance€by€trial€counsel.€€In€order€to€establish€prejudice,€a€petitioner€must€demonstrate€aÐ 0"€  Ðreasonable€probability€that€the€result€of€the€proceeding€would€have€been€different€but€for€theÐ #l! Ðdefective€performance€of€counsel.€€òòHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2d€at€579.€€Ô‡XIXXXIÔIn€the€context€of€a€guilty€pleaÔ#†XIXXXIl^#Ô,€theÐ $X" Ðpetitioner€must€demonstrate€a€reasonable€probability€that,€but€for€counselððs€errors,€the€petitionerÐ ô$D # Ðwould€not€have€pled€guilty€and€would€have€insisted€upon€going€to€trial.€€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.Ð à%0!$ Ð52,€59,€106€S.€Ct.€366,€370€(1985);€òòHouse€v.€Stateóó,€44€S.W.3d€508,€516€(Tenn.€2001)òòóó.€€A€reasonableÐ Ì&"% Ðprobability€is€a€probability€sufficient€to€undermine€confidence€in€the€outcome.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.Ð ¸'#& Ðat€694;€104€S.€Ct.€€at€2068.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€issues€of€deficient€performance€by€counsel€and€possible€prejudice€to€the€defenseÐ |*Ì%) Ðare€mixed€questions€of€law€and€fact.€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461.€€Thus,€while€the€post„convictionÐ h+¸&* Ðcourtððs€factual€findings€are€entitled€to€a€presumption€of€correctness€unless€the€evidenceÐ ° Ðpreponderates€otherwise,€this€court€should€conduct€a€ð ðpurely€de€novo€reviewðð€of€the€post„convictionÐ œì Ðcourtððs€ð ðapplication€of€law€to€those€factual€findings€to€determine€whether€counselððs€performance€wasÐ ˆØ Ðdeficient€or€whether€the€defendant€was€prejudiced€by€that€deficiency.ðð€€òòFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3dÐ tÄ Ð450,€457„458€(Tenn.€2001).€€Applying€this€standard,€we€decline€to€disturb€the€conclusion€of€the€post„Ð `° Ðconviction€court€that€the€petitioner€received€effective€assistance€of€counsel.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€petitioner€grounds€his€complaint€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€on€hisÐ $ t Ðattorneyððs€recommendation€that€he€plead€guilty€to€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€Ô‡XIXXXIÔpossessionÐ  ` Ðof€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€Ô#†XIXXXI³e#Ôin€order€to€avoid€federal€prosecution€for€charges€relating€to€hisÐ ü L  Ðpossession€of€cocaine€and€a€gunÔ‡XIXXXIÔ€and€the€consequent€risk€of€a€greater€sentence.Ô#†XIXXXI¨f#Ô€€Specifically,€theÐ è 8  Ðpetitioner€asserts€that,€prior€to€advising€him€to€plead€guilty,€his€attorney€(1)€failed€to€interviewÐ Ô$  Ðwitnesses€identified€by€the€petitioner€as€capable€of€corroborating€his€version€of€the€facts€underlyingÐ À  Ðthe€Stateððs€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder;€(2)€failed€to€listen€to€an€audio€tape€recording€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€alleged€drug€saleÔ‡XIXXXIÔ;€and€(3)€failed€to€ascertain€the€total€amount€of€drugs€seized€by€police€from€theÐ ˜è  Ðpetitioner.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àPreliminarily,€this€court€has€previously€cited€with€approval€the€United€States€SupremeÐ \¬ ÐCourtððs€observation€that€the€expectation€or€hope€of€a€lesser€sentence€is€a€consideration€that€mightÐ H˜ Ðsuggest€the€advisability€of€a€guilty€plea.€€òòSeeóó€òòHenry€Eugene€Hodges€v.€Stateóó,€No€M1999„00516„Ð 4„ ÐCCA„R3„PD,€2000€WL€1562865,€at€*20€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€October€20,€2000),€òòperm.Ð  p Ðto€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2001)(citing€òòUnited€States€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97,€96€S.€Ct.€2392€(1976),Ð  \ Ðand€òòBrady€v.€United€Statesóó,€397€U.S.€742,€90€S.€Ct.€1463€(1970)).€€Indeed,€we€have€acknowledgedÐ øH Ðthat€such€calculations€are€the€very€heart€of€plea€bargaining:Ð ä4 Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àPlea€agreements€are€often€called€ð ðplea€bargains,ðð€and€this€term€isÐ Ð  Ðindicative€of€the€nature€of€such€agreements.€€As€a€general€proposition,Ð ¼  Ða€plea€agreement€is€a€bargained„for€exchange€between€the€state€andÐ ¨ø Ðthe€defendant.€€In€exchange€for€the€defendantððs€plea€of€guilty,€theÐ ”ä Ðstate€often€agrees€to€drop€additional€charges,€to€reduce€the€charge€toÐ €Ð Ðwhich€the€defendant€is€to€plead€guilty,€and/or€to€agree€to€a€sentencingÐ l¼ Ðstructure€that€is€more€favorable€than€the€defendant€might€otherwiseÐ X ¨ Ðexpect.€€In€exchange€for€the€stateððs€concession(s),€the€defendant€mayÐ D!” Ðagree€to€accept€a€conviction€and/or€sentence€which€is€different€thanÐ 0"€  Ðthat€which€he€might€have€received€had€the€charge(s)€proceeded€toÐ #l! Ðtrial.Ð$X"` x` x ÐòòWilliam€Boyd€v.€Stateóó,€No.€E1999„02179„CCA„R3„PC,€2000€WL€1661526,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ô$D # Ðat€Knoxville,€November€6,€2000)(citations€omitted);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€543Ð à%0!$ Ð(Tenn.€1999).€€As€noted€by€the€post„conviction€court,€the€petitionerððs€attorney€in€this€case€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðengaged€in€ð ðclassicðð€plea€bargaining.€€In€essence,€Ô#†XIXXXIÉh#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔFunk€calculated€that€the€petitionerððs€best€interestsÐ ¸'#& Ðwould€be€served€by€pleading€guilty€in€state€court€to€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðattempted€second€degree€murder€and€receiving€concurrent€sentences€of€twelve€years€incarcerationÐ )à$( Ðrather€than€by€proceeding€to€trial€in€state€court€on€all€the€charged€offenses€and€also€facing€federalÐ |*Ì%) Ðprosecution€for€charges€that€related€to€the€petitionerððs€possession€of€cocaine€and€a€gun€and€entailedÐ h+¸&* Ða€minimum€sentence€of€fifteen€years€incarceration.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Holmesóó,€995€S.W.2d€135,€139Ð ° Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998).Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àÔ#†XIXXXI>r#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔAs€noted€earlier,€Ô#†XIXXXIxu#Ôthis€court€need€only€defer€to€tactical€and€strategic€decisions€byÐ tÄ Ðdefense€counsel€if€they€are€based€upon€adequate€preparation.€€òòBurgeróó,€483€U.S.€at€794„795,€107€S.Ð `° ÐCt.€at€3126.Ô‡XIXXXIÔ€€Addressing€the€petitionerððs€allegations€of€inadequate€preparation,€we€note€that€theÐ L œ Ðrecord€is€devoid€of€evidence€that€Funk€was€unaware€of€the€total€amount€of€drugs€seized€by€policeÐ 8 ˆ Ðfrom€the€petitioner€or€that€Funk€was€otherwise€unable€to€calculate€the€potential€consequences€of€aÐ $ t Ðfederal€prosecution.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€record€does€reflect€Funkððs€possible€failure€to€interview€witnessesÐ  ` Ðidentified€by€the€petitioner€and€his€failure€to€listen€to€an€audio€tape€recording€of€the€alleged€drug€sale.€Ð ü L  ÐHowever,€iÔ#†XIXXXIªv#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔn€assessing€Funkððs€calculation€of€the€petitionerððs€best€interests€and€his€consequent€adviceÐ è 8  Ðto€the€petitioner€to€plead€guilty,€we€must€keep€in€mind€thatÐ Ô$  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àstrategic€choices€made€after€thorough€investigation€of€law€and€factsÐ À  Ðrelevant€to€plausible€options€are€virtually€unchallengeable;€andÐ ¬ü  Ðstrategic€choices€made€after€less€than€complete€investigation€areÐ ˜è  Ðreasonable€precisely€to€the€extent€that€reasonable€professionalÐ „Ô  Ðjudgments€support€the€limitations€on€investigation.€€In€other€words,Ð pÀ Ðcounsel€has€a€duty€to€make€reasonable€investigations€or€to€make€aÐ \¬ Ðreasonable€decision€that€makes€particular€investigations€unnecessary.€Ð H˜ ÐIn€any€ineffectiveness€case,€a€particular€decision€not€to€investigateÐ 4„ Ðmust€be€directly€assessed€for€reasonableness€in€all€circumstances,Ð  p Ðapplying€a€heavy€measure€of€deference€to€counsel's€judgments.€€Ð \` x` x ÐòòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690„691,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2066;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHarris€v.€Stateóó,Ô#†XIXXXI—y#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔ€947€S.W.2d€156,€165Ð øH Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Applying€a€heavy€measure€of€deference€to€counselððs€judgment€in€thisÐ ä4 Ðcase,€we€must€conclude€that€Funkððs€decision€to€forego€interviewing€the€witnesses€identified€by€theÐ Ð  Ðpetitioner€and€listening€to€the€audio€tape€recording€of€the€alleged€drug€sale€prior€to€advising€theÐ ¼  Ðpetitioner€to€plead€guilty€was€reasonable€under€all€the€circumstances€of€this€case.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àÔ#†XIXXXI‘~#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔWith€respect€to€Funkððs€failure€to€interview€the€witnesses€identified€by€the€petitioner,Ð €Ð Ðthe€record€reflects€that€Funk€was€nevertheless€aware€of€the€existence€of€the€witnesses€and€theirÐ l¼ Ðpotential€value€in€defending€the€petitioner€against€the€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€Ð X ¨ ÐIndeed,€as€noted€earlier,€Funk€informed€the€petitioner€that€the€attempted€first€degree€murderÐ D!” Ðprosecution€was€a€ð ðtriable€case.ðð€€In€contrast,€however,€the€record€reflects€that€the€petitioner€neverÐ 0"€  Ðdisputed€his€possession€of€and€sale€of€cocaine,€nor€did€he€ever€dispute€his€possession€of€a€gun.€Ð #l! ÐAccordingly,€regardless€of€the€disposition€of€the€attempted€first€degree€murder€charge€in€state€court,Ð $X" Ðthe€petitioner€faced€a€significant€likelihood€of€conviction€in€federal€court€of€charges€that€related€toÐ ° Ðhis€possession€of€cocaine€and€a€gun€and€entailed€a€minimum€sentence€of€fifteen€years€incarceration.€Ð œì ÐIn€other€words,€even€had€Funk€interviewed€the€witnesses€identified€by€the€petitioner€and€confirmedÐ ˆØ Ðtheir€corroboration€of€the€petitionerððs€version€of€events€occurring€on€February€6,€1996,€this€additionalÐ tÄ Ðinvestigation€would€not€have€diminished€the€benefit€of€the€plea€agreement€offered€by€the€State.€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€to€Funkððs€failure€to€listen€to€the€audio€tape€recording€of€the€alleged€drug€sale,€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðrecord€reflects€that€the€petitioner€described€to€Funk€the€events€that€occurred€on€February€6,€1996.€Ð $ t ÐAgain,€the€petitioner€never€denied€his€sale€of€cocaine€to€the€officers,€his€possession€of€the€drugsÐ  ` Ðseized€by€police€during€his€attempted€flight,€or€his€possession€of€a€gun.€€Ô#†XIXXXIä€#Ôð ð[W]hen€a€defendant€hasÐ ü L  Ðgiven€counsel€reason€to€believe€that€pursuing€certain€investigations€would€be€fruitless€.€.€.,€counsel'sÐ è 8  Ðfailure€to€pursue€those€investigations€may€not€later€be€challenged€as€unreasonable.ðð€€òòBurgeróó,€483€U.S.Ð Ô$  Ðat€795,€107€S.€Ct.€at€3126;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHarrisóó,€947€S.W.2d€at€167.Ô‡XIXXXIÔ€€In€this€regard,€we€are€unconvincedÐ À  Ðby€the€petitionerððsÔ#†XIXXXIŠ#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔ€argument€that€ð ðthe€inconsistency€of€the€testimony€shown€by€the€police€officersÐ ¬ü  Ðat€the€time€of€the€transfer€hearing€foreshadow[ed]€inevitable€problems€which€might€arise€in€theÐ ˜è  Ðprosecution€of€this€case€by€Federal€authorities.ðð€€It€was€undisputed€at€the€post„conviction€evidentiaryÐ „Ô  Ðhearing€that€inconsistencies€in€the€police€officersðð€testimonies€at€the€transfer€hearing€solely€relatedÐ pÀ Ðto€the€petitionerððs€guilt€or€innocence€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.Ô#†XIXXXI—Š#ÔÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àÔ‡XIXXXIÔAdditionally,€even€assuming€that€Funkððs€performance€Ô#†XIXXXI+#Ôwas€not€within€the€range€ofÐ 4„ Ðcompetence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€casesÔ‡XIXXXIÔ,€the€petitioner€failed€to€present€at€the€post„Ð  p Ðconviction€evidentiary€hearing€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€whom€Funk€failed€to€interview.€€ð ðTheÐ  \ Ðfailure€to€present€such€witnesses€precludes€this€court€and€the€post„conviction€court€from€making€aÐ øH Ðdetermination€of€how€the€petitioner€was€prejudiced€.€.€.€.ðð€€òòState€v.€James€E.€Gordonóó,€No.€M2000„Ð ä4 Ð02435„CCA„R3„PC,€2001€WL€844404,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€July€26,€2001);€òòseeÐ Ð  Ðalsoóó€òòBlackóó,€794€S.W.2d€at€757„758€(ð ðWhen€a€petitioner€contends€that€trial€counsel€failed€to€discover,Ð ¼  Ðinterview,€or€present€witnesses€in€support€of€his€defense,€these€witnesses€should€be€presented€by€theÐ ¨ø Ðpetitioner€at€the€evidentiary€hearing.ðð).€€Similarly,€the€petitionerððs€failure€to€include€the€audio€tapeÐ ”ä Ðrecording€of€the€drug€sale€in€the€record€before€this€court€precludes€any€determination€of€prejudice.€Ð €Ð ÐThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ð l¼ ÐÔ#†XIXXXIŽ#ÔÌò òà  àB.à0 ` àKnowing€and€Voluntary€Nature€of€Petitionerððs€Guilty€Pleasó óÐD!”` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` àIn€a€related€argument,€the€petitioner€also€asserts€that€his€guilty€pleas€were€neitherÐ 0"€  Ðknowing€nor€voluntary.€€In€order€to€pass€constitutional€muster,€an€accusedððs€guilty€plea€must€beÐ #l! Ðentered€voluntarily,€knowingly,€and€understandingly.€€òòParke€v.€Raleyóó,€506€U.S.€20,€28„29,€113€S.€Ct.Ð $X" Ð517,€523€(1992);€òòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238,€242„244,€89€S.€Ct.€1709,€1711„1713€(1969);€òòseeÐ ô$D # Ðalsoóó€òòBlankenship€v.€Stateóó,€858€S.W.2d€897,€904„905€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Mackeyóó,€553€S.W.2dÐ à%0!$ Ð337,€340€(Tenn.€1977);€òòHicks€v.€Stateóó,€983€S.W.2d€240,€246€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998)òòóó.€€In€otherÐ Ì&"% Ðwords,€a€guilty€plea€must€represent€a€voluntary€and€intelligent€choice€among€the€alternative€coursesÐ ¸'#& Ðof€action€open€to€the€defendant.€€òòNorth€Carolina€v.€Alfordóó,€400€U.S.€25,€31,€91€S.€Ct.€160,€164Ð ¤(ô#' Ð(1970).€€Thus,€a€defendant€must€possess€a€sufficient€awareness€of€the€relevant€circumstances€andÐ )à$( Ðlikely€consequences€of€his€plea.€€òòBradyóó,€397€U.S.€at€748,€90€S.€Ct.€at€1469.€€Conversely,€ð ðthe€pleaÐ |*Ì%) Ðcannot€be€.€.€.€the€product€of€ðð[i]gnorance,€incomprehension,€coercion,€terror,€inducements,€[or]Ð h+¸&* Ðsubtle€or€blatant€threats.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Wilsonóó,€31€S.W.3d€189,€195€(Tenn.€2000)(alterations€in€original).€Ð ° ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€determination€of€whether€a€guilty€plea€was€entered€voluntarily,€knowingly,€andÐ ˆØ Ðunderstandingly€depends€upon€a€courtððs€consideration€of€ð ðall€of€the€relevant€circumstances€thatÐ tÄ Ðexisted€at€the€entry€of€the€plea.ðð€€òòHicksóó,€983€S.W.2d€at€247.€€Relevant€circumstances€include€the€trialÐ `° Ðcourtððs€compliance€with€procedures€mandated€by€òòBoykinóó,€395€U.S.€at€242„244,€89€S.€Ct.€at€1711„Ð L œ Ð1713,€òòMackeyóó,€553€S.W.2d€at€341,€òòState€v.€McClintockóó,€732€S.W.2d€268,€273€(Tenn.€1987),€andÐ 8 ˆ ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€11.€€òòHicksóó,€983€S.W.2d€at€247;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòBates€v.€Stateóó,€973€S.W.2d€615,€624„625Ð $ t Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);€òòMichael€E.€Waldron€v.€Stateóó,€No.€M2000„00772„CCA„R3„PC,€2001€WLÐ  ` Ð589173,€at€*10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€June€1,€2001).€€For€example,€a€trial€courtððs€failureÐ ü L  Ðto€establish€a€factual€basis€for€the€plea€on€the€record€may€contribute€to€the€totality€of€theÐ è 8  Ðcircumstances€reflecting€an€unknowing€and€involuntary€plea.€€òòPowersóó,€942€S.W.2d€at€555.€òòóó€òòóóMoreÐ Ô$  Ðbroadly,€a€reviewing€court€should€considerÐ À  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àthe€relative€intelligence€of€the€defendant;€the€degree€of€his€familiarityÐ ¬ü  Ðwith€criminal€proceedings;€whether€he€was€represented€by€competentÐ ˜è  Ðcounsel€and€had€the€opportunity€to€confer€with€counsel€about€theÐ „Ô  Ðoptions€available€to€him;€the€extent€of€advice€from€counsel€and€theÐ pÀ Ðcourt€concerning€the€charges€against€him;€and€the€reasons€for€hisÐ \¬ Ðdecision€to€plead€guilty,€including€a€desire€to€avoid€a€greater€penaltyÐ H˜ Ðthat€might€result€from€a€jury€trial.Ð4„` x` x ÐòòBlankenshipóó,€858€S.W.2d€at€904.€€Again,€on€appeal,€this€court€is€bound€by€the€post„convictionÐ  p Ðcourtððs€conclusions€to€the€extent€that€they€are€supported€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidenceÐ  \ Ðcontained€in€the€record€and€do€not€entail€the€application€of€the€law€to€factual€findings.€€òòBurnsóó,€6Ð øH ÐS.W.3d€at€461.€€In€this€case,€the€record€substantiates€the€post„conviction€courtððs€conclusion€that€theÐ ä4 Ðpetitioner€entered€his€guilty€pleas€knowingly€and€voluntarily.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€petitioner€primarily€grounds€his€claim€that€his€guilty€pleas€were€unknowing€andÐ ¨ø Ðinvoluntary€on€his€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€This€court€has€held€that€ð ð[i]f€[guilty]Ð ”ä Ðpleas€were€made€in€reasonable€reliance€upon€the€advice€or€representation€of€counsel,€which€adviceÐ €Ð Ðor€representation€demonstrated€incompetence,€then€it€can€be€said€that€the€defendantððs€pleas€were€notÐ l¼ Ðvoluntary.ðð€€òòÔ‡XIXXXIÔHodgesóó,€No€M1999„00516„CCA„R3„PD,€2000€WL€1562865,€at€*19.€€However,€we€haveÐ X ¨ Ðalready€concluded€that€petitionerððs€counsel€rendered€effective€representation.€€Nevertheless,€theÐ D!” Ðpetitioner€cites€his€attorneyððs€December€10,€1997€letter€in€which€Funk€informed€the€petitioner€that,Ð 0"€  Ðif€he€filed€a€motion€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas,€Funk€would€Ô#†XIXXXIÒ¤#Ôð ðadvise€the€Court€that€you€obviouslyÐ #l! Ðdid€not€understand€your€situation.ððÔ‡XIXXXIÔ€€However,€as€also€acknowledged€by€the€petitioner,€Funk€testifiedÐ $X" Ðat€the€post„conviction€evidentiary€hearing€that€he€believed€the€petitionerððs€guilty€pleas€to€be€bothÐ ô$D # Ðknowing€and€voluntary.€€The€post„conviction€court€was€entitled€to€accredit€Funkððs€testimony€at€theÐ à%0!$ Ðevidentiary€hearing€in€lieu€of€a€somewhat€ambiguous€statement€included€in€a€hastily€and€angrilyÐ Ì&"% Ðwritten€letter,€and€the€totality€of€circumstances€in€this€case€corroborates€Funkððs€testimony.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€closing,€we€note€the€petitionerððs€assertion€at€the€post„conviction€evidentiary€hearingÐ )à$( Ðthat€he€Ô#†XIXXXI §#Ôð ðdidnððt€have€a€choice.ððÔ‡XIXXXIÔ€€In€this€regard,€we€have€previously€observed€that€ð ð[t]he€statement,€ððIÐ |*Ì%) Ðhave€no€choice,ðð€may€.€.€.€well€mean€that,€after€considering€the€options€before€him,€the€petitionerÐ h+¸&* Ðconcluded€that€the€only€intelligent€choice€was€to€plead€guilty.ðð€€òòHicksóó,€983€S.W.2d€at€248.€€In€fact,Ð ° Ðon€appeal,€the€petitioner€elucidates:Ð œì Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[Petitioner]€argues€that€he€had€no€choice€but€to€plead€guilty€toÐ ˆØ Ðattempted€second€degree€murder.€€It€was€the€[petitioner]ððsÐ tÄ Ðunderstanding€that€this€would€have€to€be€done€in€order€to€avoidÐ `° Ð[federal]€prosecution€.€.€.€.ÐL œ` x` x ÐThe€record€reflects€that€the€petitionerððs€understanding€was€correct.€€ð ðHowever,€the€entry€of€a€guiltyÐ 8 ˆ Ðplea€to€avoid€the€risk€of€greater€punishment€does€not€make€a€plea€involuntary.ððÔ#†XIXXXI6ª#Ô€€òòAlphonso€BradfordÐ $ t Ðv.€Stateóó,€No.€M1998„00078„CCA„MR3„PC,€2000€WL€549278,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,Ð  ` ÐMay€5,€2000),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2000);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHicksóó,€983€S.W.2d€at€248.€€This€issueÐ ü L  Ðis€without€merit.Ð è 8  ÐÌà@MM"ìàò òòòIII.€€Conclusionó óóóˆÐ À  Ðà  àà ` àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€post„conviction€court.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGE