ÿWPCD *Ü7heÀÆY²Ï°ÅJý×!ÿ·×5KÖ[w‘—¤ÍsYuJOWÈuÒÏfáŒuY“`ó0•¢ÆÕ6àtB N"ˆ?;ó¸¼8ªó SX¸õ#¾¥™ ¨”þ)tv®9»®)%¶‚ò9×%õWb¾¨<¢pÙ,àqî-N×dLœ±Yiœ'G—]G}U~õ,Ý»P”ŒQîÑ?wG\ôS/Â$ô{Únê.‡ &Ø$Áj£§70~‚½¾Í"¥‘ßøîK”zùÊ5@¸”Wm?Åj–¡Ïáe56>RC”Gâ;oëVÊ_ÅjJüãí*ÖßåроÄLJ‘ÁÒ1 ^|€Çüzƒ£‹ñLA»Õä« nß=Ž–³R¹ëLXÛ³·mU¼Ñø¦‡Ûb™8äÂONC©î ݉˜²’ˆMy(šœ_Šœd€Óaa嘆lX±q°á~íý¥Ó3q›‰Uòpø½\ÄÓÓtŽQhupŠi<ÃùÚ9¥Dþ\e¹4ã ì×[Yáé]¤qèÜŠú¬¯|ƒÉâT·¢€‰Œï2¸#^9áà©ûÓ~^Z…¤ÁYR@”tÂ/.oC\óãæQßÑ¡œ?öG”a \jiŸfó´-Š:8ëëL¬d9aè… %F w@L 0ÜŒ U:h 4¢ ¶ ªÅ o 0 w 0D—U:Û‡wœU:ÊMËU:âêríx$ëe+­P/Îý3Ë9wÜ<ÊS?U:BBBB BWBWBWBWBWBWBWBWBWBWBWB D3tBtBtB 0D§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B§B AOëBÆ:C:C 0DD D/DD BsDX fgDhiEjkDln[o[pÓ€(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularuM%æ3|xy  Ò°ÒÔ‡ ‡xÂXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ ‡x‡xÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAdditionally,€Morgan€testified€that,€in€order€€to€fire€the€gun,€the€safety€catch€must€be€off,€theÐ  Ðchamber€must€be€loaded,€and€the€shotgun€pumped€and€fired.(Ð(3“™$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€ì¬XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular }Ò°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€conviction€for€voluntary€manslaughter,€which€involved€a€crime€of€violence€to€theÐ  Ðperson,€òòseeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(2),€remains,€after€appellate€review,€the€soleРƾ Ðaggravating€sentencing€circumstance€found€by€a€jury€in€imposing€the€death€penalty€in€hisÏsubsequent€capital€murder€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òò€Walkeróó,€910€S.W.2d€at€396,€398. mÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝNorman€Wallace€is€the€appellantððs€third€or€fourth€cousin€and€has€known€the€appellant€hisÐ  Ðentire€life.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÀÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝFirst€degree€murder,€not€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€a€crime,€requires€theÐ  Ðð ðpremeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€(1995€Supp.). ÁÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€essence,€the€appellant€attacks€the€voluntariness€of€his€guilty€plea€based€upon€theÐ  Ðpromise€of€concurrent€sentences.€€€Habeas€corpus€relief€is€not€available€where€it€is€necessary€toÏchallenge€a€facially€valid€conviction€with€extrinsic€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Burfordóó,€845€S.W.2d€204,Ð „| Ð205€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€appellantððs€allegation€that€the€promise€of€concurrent€sentences€inducedÏhis€guilty€plea€is€extrinsic€evidence.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular àÔ€Xì¬XXXÔÔ€“?XXì¬ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€Xì¬X“?ÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€30,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó hÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€òòHendersonóó,€the€defendant€committed€a€robbery€with€a€deadly€weapon€while€on€parole€.€Ð  ÐòòHendersonóó,€419€S.W.2d€at€177.€€Subsequently,€the€paroled€defendant€entered€into€an€agreementРƾ Ðwhere€he€would€plead€guilty€to€simple€robbery,€the€maximum€sentence€would€be€five€years,€andÏthe€sentence€would€be€served€concurrently€with€the€sentence€being€served€on€parole.€€òòIdóó.€TheÐ B : Ðsame€statute€requiring€consecutive€sentences€was€in€effect€at€that€time€and€the€courtððs€judgmentÏwas€contrary€to€the€statutory€mandate.€€The€supreme€court€held€that€the€defendantððs€applicationÏfor€a€writ€of€habeas€corpus€was€proper.€€òòIdóó.€at€179.€€The€court€held€that€the€defendant€was€entitledÐ | t Ðto€withdraw€his€guilty€plea€since€it€was€partly€based€upon€concurrent€sentencing€considerations.€ÏòòIdóó.€at€179.€ ãÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝSpecifically,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„3620€provides:Ð  Ðà8 ` àIf€any€prisoner€be€convicted€in€this€state€of€a€felony,€committed€while€on€paroleÏfrom€a€state€prison€or€workhouse,€òòhe€shall€serve€the€remainder€of€his€sentence,Ð „| Ðunder€which€he€was€paroled,€or€such€part€of€that€sentence,€as€the€board€mayÏdetermine€before€he€commences€serving€the€sentence€affixed€while€on€paroleóó.€€IfÐ  ø Ðany€prisoner€while€on€parole€from€a€state€prison€or€workhouse€shall€commit€aÏcrime€under€the€laws€of€another€state€government€or€country€which,€if€committedÏwithin€this€state,€would€be€a€felony,€and€if€he€shall€be€convicted€of€such€a€crime,Ïthe€director€of€the€decision€of€probation€and€paroles€shall€return€such€a€prisonerÏthrough€the€terms€of€the€interstate€compact.€€The€board€shall€require€that€heÏòòserve€the€portion€remaining€of€his€maximum€term€of€sentence€or€such€part€as€theÐ tl  Ðboard€may€determineóó.€€The€board€at€its€discretion,€may€recommend€to€theÐ 2*  Ðcommissioner€of€correction,€the€removal€of€all€or€any€part€thereof€of€the€good€andÏhonor€time€and€incentive€time€accrued€on€the€sentence€under€which€he€wasÏparoled.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà ` à(Emphasis€added). áÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€the€appellant€has€failed€to€provide€a€complete€record€on€which€to€base€ourÐ  Ðreview.€€Specifically,€a€transcript€of€the€guilty€plea€hearing€is€not€provided€nor€is€any€indication€asÏto€the€manner€in€which€the€appellantððs€1977€sentence€for€manslaughter€was€served.€€Thus,€otherÏthan€the€question€of€law€currently€before€this€court€we€have€no€evidence€that€the€appellant€hasÏbeen€aggrieved€in€any€manner€or€that€he€has€not€received€the€benefit€of€his€plea€bargain.€ £Ô‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAn€application€for€the€issuance€of€a€writ€of€habeas€corpus€may€be€summarily€dismissedÐ  Ðby€a€trial€court€if€the€application€fails€to€indicate€that€the€petitionerððs€conviction€is€void.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Рƾ ÐCode€Ann.€ðððð€29-21-101,€-109€(1980).€€If€the€writ€is€refused€based€on€the€failure€of€the€petition€toÏraise€a€cognizable€claim€for€relief,€any€need€for€a€hearing€is€obviously€pretermitted€because€thereÏis€no€justiciable€issue€before€the€court.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€ex€rel.€Byrd€v.€Bomaróó,€214€Tenn.€476,€381Ð  ø ÐS.W.2d€280€(1963).€€òòSee€generallyóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€29-21-101€to€-130€(1980€andÐ ¾ ¶ ÐSupp.1996).€€Ì ÄÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€òòSeeóó€€òòEx€parte€Pattersonóó,€No.€72,866€(Tex.€Crim.€App.€June€10,€1998)(òòfor€publicationóó)Ð  Ð(Baird,€J.,€concurring)€(citing€€Rule€9,€28€U.S.C.€224;€€òòLonchar€v.€Thomasóó,€517€U.S.€314,€116€S.Ct.Ð ÈÀ Ð1293€(1996);òòWalters€v.€Scottóó,€21€F.3d€683€(5th€Cir.€1994);€òòStrahan€v.€Blackburnóó,€750€F.2d€438,Ð †~ Ð441€(5th€Cir.),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€471€U.S.€1138,€105€S.Ct.€2683€(1985);€òòFalkner€v.€Stateóó,€586€So.2d€39Ð D < Ð(Ala.€Crim.€App.€1991),€òòoverruled€on€other€groundsóó,€òòWallace€v.€Stateóó,€666€So.2d€864€(Ala.€Crim.Ð  ú ÐApp.€1995);€òòIn€re€Stankewitzóó,€220€Cal.€Rptr.€382,€708€P.2d€1260€(Cal.€1985);€òòMcCray€v.€Stateóó,€699Ð À ¸ ÐSo.2d€1366€(Fla.€1996);€òòThomas€v.€Stateóó,€903€P.2d€328€(Okla.€Crim.€App.),€òòcert.€dismissedóó,€516Ð ~ v ÐU.S.€1020,€116€S.Ct.€593€(1995);€òòFlute€v.€Classóó,€559€N.W.2d€554€(S.D.€1997)).€€€ Ô‡Â7IÂXXÔÝ ƒ “™ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7Àì¬XXdædæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ#†Xì¬XÂÂ7I#ÔÔ€ôÓ¾ôXXì¬ÔAdditionally,€Morgan€testified€that,€in€order€€to€fire€the€gun,€the€safety€catch€must€be€off,Ð  Ðthe€chamber€must€be€loaded,€and€the€shotgun€pumped€and€fired. mÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝNorman€Wallace€is€the€appellantððs€third€or€fourth€cousin€and€has€known€the€appellant€hisÐ  Ðentire€life. ÀÒ°ÒÔ‡ô³ÙôXXÔÝ ƒ ”ÝÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô³Ùôôô³ÙÔÒÒà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝFirst€degree€murder,€not€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€a€crime,€requires€theÐ  Ðð ðpremeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€(1995€Supp.).,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€ì¬XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýñpñ›ñpñÓ ÔþÓò òñpñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈ ` 8ttxPð  rß›ñpñà@. . ®àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@ÜÜ(®àAT€NASHVILLEˆÌà@½½%®àJULY€SESSION,€1998ˆÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð | t Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àNo.€01C01„9711„CC„00526Ð h` Ðà ` àAppelleeà  àà h àà À à)Ð TL  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àSTEWART€COUNTYÐ @8  Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð ,$  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHon.€Leonard€W.€Martin,€JudgeÐ   ÐDONALD€WALLACE,à h àà À à)Ð ü  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Premeditated€First€Degree€Murder)Ð ðè  Ðà ` àAppellantà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ ÜÔ  Ðó óÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð zr ÐÌò òShipp€R.€Weemsó óà  àà h àò òà À àà  àJohn€Knox€Walkupó óÐ F> ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ 2* Ðà ` àÌò òRichard€D.€Taylor,€Jr.ó óà h àà À àà  àò òLisa€A.€Nayloró óÐ þö ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà Ð àà (# àÐ êâ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌ(ON€APPEAL)à  àà h àà À àà  à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÐ ¶® Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌò òThomas€Meeksó óà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àÐ h"` ÐAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àñnñò òñnñDan€M.€Alsobrooksñnñó óñnñÐ T#L Ð137€Franklin€Streetà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ @$8  ÐClarksville,€TN€€37040Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àñoñò òñoñJake€Lockertñoñó óñoñÐ  &" Ð(AT€TRIAL)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ ø&ð# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à105€Sycamore€StreetÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAshland€City,€TN€€37016ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ B-:&* ÐÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDED€ÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÐ Œ3„,1 ÐJudgeÐ  x4p-2 ÐÓÓà@+®àòòò òOPINIONóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant,€Donald€Wallace,€was€sentenced€to€a€term€of€life€imprisonmentÏfollowing€his€conviction€by€a€Stewart€County€jury€for€the€premeditated€first€degreeÏmurder€of€Melinda€Sue€Perrin.€€In€the€appeal€of€this€conviction,€the€appellantÏcontends€that€:ÌÓÓà8 ` àI.€€The€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€premeditatedÏfirst€degree€murder;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àII.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€statements€made€by€the€victimÏregarding€the€victimððs€state€of€mind;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àIII.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€photographs€of€the€victim;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àIV.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€denying€the€jury€the€opportunity€to€examine,Ïduring€its€deliberations,€a€demonstrative€exhibit€introduced€by€theÏState.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÓÓÌà ` àAfter€a€review€of€the€record€and€the€applicable€law,€we€find€the€evidenceÏinsufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder.€ÏAccordingly,€we€vacate€the€judgment€of€conviction€and€sentence€entered€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€However,€we€find€the€evidence€sufficient€to€establish€that€the€appellantÏknowingly€killed€Melinda€Perrin€and,€accordingly,€modify€the€judgment€to€reflect€aÏconviction€for€second€degree€murder.€€This€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€forÏproceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÌÌà@ff)®àò òBackgroundó óˆÐ ¶-®&+ ÐÌà ` àSometime€on€the€afternoon€of€June€8,€1996,€the€appellant,€accompanied€byÏhis€girlfriend,€Melinda€Sue€Perrin,€traveled€to€the€home€of€the€appellantððs€life„timeÏfriend,€Charles€Morgan.€€Shortly€after€the€coupleððs€arrival,€the€appellant€askedÏâ âMorgan€if€he€could€borrow€Morganððs€twelve„gauge€pump€shotgun.€Both€the€stockÐ ¾6¶/5 Ðand€the€barrel€of€this€particular€shotgun€had€been€shortened.ñlñ׃×ñlññlñ׃×ñlñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€weapon€wasÐ  Ðâ âdescribed€as€being€ð ðsawed„off,ðð€approximately€fourteen€to€sixteen€inches€in€overallÏlength€with€ð ða€pistol€grip€handle.ðð€€Although€Morgan€stated€that€he€would€not€loan€theÏappellant€the€shotgun,€the€appellant€continued€in€his€request,€explaining€to€MorganÏthat€he€needed€the€shotgun€for€protection€because€somebody€was€threatening€to€killÏhim.€€Although€hesitant,€Morgan€eventually€agreed€to€sell€the€weapon€along€with€twoÏshells€of€number€six€shot€to€the€appellant€for€one€hundred€dollars.€€Melinda€PerrinÏpaid€for€the€weapon€with€a€hundred€dollar€bill.€€ÌÌà ` àAfter€the€sale€was€completed,€Melinda€mentioned€that€she€was€going€to€stayÏat€Morganððs€residence.€€Irritated€by€this€comment,€the€appellant€left€the€residence,Ïgot€into€his€car,€and€began€to€back€out€of€the€driveway.€€Before€the€appellant€got€outÏof€the€driveway,€Melinda€caught€up€with€him€and€got€into€the€car.€€€€€€€ÌÌà ` àAfter€leaving€Morganððs€mobile€home,€the€couple€traveled€to€Clarksville,Ïarriving€at€the€residence€of€Norman€and€Linda€Wallace€around€3:00€p.m.ñlñ׃ ×ñlññlñ׃ ä×ñlñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€MelindaÐ ü!ô Ðcarried€a€six€pack€of€Zima,€an€alcoholic€beverage,€into€the€œWallacesðð›€home.€€Thirty€toÏforty„five€minutes€after€they€arrived,€the€appellant€and€Norman€left€in€the€appellantððsÏcar.€€Norman€insisted€on€driving€because€the€appellant€had€been€drinking€beer.€ÏThey€first€drove€to€the€home€of€the€appellantððs€mother,€and,€then,€the€appellantÏasked€Norman€to€drive€him€to€Indian€Mound.€The€appellant€stated€that€he€needed€toÏtalk€to€a€man€named€ð ðRed.ðð€€He€explained€that€he€owed€Red€some€money.€€As€aÏresult€of€this€debt,€Red€had€made€threats€against€œthe€appellantððs€mother›€andÏMelinda.€€The€appellant€hoped€to€make€arrangements€with€Red€to€pay€him€back€andÏto€stop€the€threats€to€his€mother€and€Melinda.ÌÐ ô3ì,2 Ðà ` àJust€prior€to€reaching€the€Stewart€County€line,€one€of€the€tires€on€theÏappellantððs€dark€blue€Chrysler€Fifth€Avenue€went€flat.€€While€the€appellant€wasÏchanging€the€tire,€Norman€noticed€the€shotgun,€a€box€of€ammunition,€and€a€.22Ïtarget€pistol€in€the€car.€€The€appellant€stated€that€he€and€Melinda€had€just€bought€theÏgun.€€Once€the€tire€was€changed,€the€two€continued€to€Indian€Mound.€€BeforeÏreaching€Redððs€house,€the€appellant€asked€Norman€where€the€safety€was€on€theÏshotgun.€€At€trial,€Norman€testified€that€it€was€during€this€time€that€he€believed€theÏappellant€loaded€the€weapon.ÌÌà ` àWhen€they€arrived€at€Redððs€house,€the€appellant€instructed€Norman€to€turnÏthe€vehicle€around€so€that€the€passenger€side€was€facing€the€front€of€Redððs€house.€ÏHe€told€Norman€that€he€was€afraid€that€Red€would€come€out€shooting.€€However,ÏRed€was€not€at€home.€€Norman€then€drove€the€appellant€to€the€residence€of€JuniorÏShepard€in€Big€Rock.€€Juniorððs€wife,€Beverly,€came€out€to€the€car€and€told€theÏappellant€to€leave€or€she€would€call€the€police.ÌÌà ` àMeanwhile,€Melinda€remained€in€Clarksville€with€Linda€Wallace.€€Linda,€aÏformer€beautician,€cut€Melindaððs€hair€while€the€two€women€visited.€€Linda€testified€atÏtrial€that,€during€this€visit,€Melinda€told€her€that€she€was€afraid€of€the€appellantÏbecause€he€had€previously€pulled€a€gun€on€her.€€Linda€stated€that,€although€MelindaÏhad€consumed€one€Zima€in€her€presence,€she€did€not€appear€intoxicated.ÌÌà ` àThe€two€men€were€gone€approximately€two€hours€before€returning€to€NormanÏWallaceððs€residence.€€The€two€couples€sat€outside€talking€for€approximately€fortyÏminutes€before€the€appellant€and€Melinda€left€around€6:00€p.m,€headed€in€theÏdirection€of€Stewart€County.€€The€Wallaces€testified€that€there€did€not€appear€to€beÏany€discord€between€the€appellant€and€Melinda€at€any€point€during€the€visit.€€In€fact,Ïthe€appellant€frequently€called€Melinda€ð ðbabyðð€or€ð ðhoneyðð€and€he€told€Norman€thatÏhe€and€Melinda€ð ðgot€along€real€good€togetherðð€and€that€ð ðhe€wanted€him€and€MelindaÐ X9P28 Ðto€take€off€and€go€someplace€and€move€out€of€the€country€and€be€together€the€restÏof€their€lives.ððÌÌà ` àShortly€after€7:00€p.m.,€several€customers€at€J.T.ððs€Bait€Shop€in€StewartÏCounty€noticed€a€dark€blue€or€black€Fifth€Avenue€or€œLTD›€approaching€from€theÏdirection€of€Clarksville.€€The€vehicle€drove€onto€the€parking€lot€at€a€high€rate€ofÏspeed€and€then€came€to€a€sudden€stop.€€The€door€on€the€driverððs€side€of€the€vehicleÏopened€and€a€manððs€foot€emerged.€€The€man€leaned€into€the€vehicle€and€€appearedÏto€have€a€shotgun€in€his€hand.€€One€witness,€Heather€Spiceland€Stevens,€testifiedÏthat,€when€the€car€came€to€a€halt,€she€observed€the€man€slap€his€female€passenger.€ÏA€loud€boom€then€reverberated€from€the€vehicle€and€smoke€came€out€the€windows.€ÏSeveral€bystanders€described€what€appeared€to€them€to€be€the€head€of€the€femaleÏpassenger€exploding.€€The€driver€of€the€vehicle€backed€the€car€out€of€the€parking€lotÏand€drove€in€the€direction€of€Dover.€€When€the€car€was€approximately€three€hundredÏyards€from€the€parking€lot,€the€bystanders€heard€another€loud€noise.€€At€trial,€theÏwitnesses€at€the€œñdñbñdññeñBñeñait›€œñfñsñfññgñSñgñhopñhñ/convenience€ñhññiññhñtoñhññiññjñstore€ñjññkñ›€ñkñidentified›€the€appellant€as€the€maleÏdriver€of€the€vehicle€and€Melinda€Perrin€as€the€female€passenger.€ÌÌà ` à€Stewart€County€Deputy€Kenny€Anderson€responded€to€the€dispatchÏregarding€the€shooting€at€J.T.ððs€Bait€Shop.€€Once€at€the€scene,€Deputy€AndersonÏfound€pieces€of€human€flesh€scattered€on€the€ground,€as€well€as€pieces€of€bone€andÏparts€of€a€denture€plate.€€ÌÌà ` à€€€That€same€evening,€Ronald€Buchanan€had€observed€a€dark€colored€vehicleÏleave€from€a€secluded€area€on€œRiversbend›€Road€in€Stewart€County€between€6:30Ïp.m.€and€8:00€p.m.€and,€later,€€had€learned€of€the€shooting€incident€at€J.T.ððs€BaitÏShop.€The€next€afternoon,€at€around€3:00€p.m.,€Ray€Richardson,€Ronald€Buchanan,Ïand€Harold€Chester€decided€to€ride€their€four€wheelers€in€the€Wilson€Hollow€area€ofÏRiversbend€Road€in€search€of€the€dark€blue€vehicle.€€The€men€had€ventured€onto€anÐ X9P28 Ðold€logging€road€about€one€hundred€and€fifty€yards€off€of€Riversbend€Road.€€TheyÏnoticed€fresh€tire€tracks€on€the€road€and€Ray€Richardson€spotted€an€area€where€itÏappeared€that€something€had€been€dragged€through€the€weeds.€€The€men€decidedÏto€investigate.€€They€found€a€body€approximately€fifty„six€feet€off€of€the€logging€roadÏin€the€weeds.€€They€notified€the€sheriffððs€department€and€led€the€authorities€to€theÏscene.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Robert€Lee,€the€Stewart€County€Medical€Examiner,€€and€TennesseeÏBureau€of€Investigation€Special€Agent€Mike€Breedlove€arrived€at€the€scene€andÏdiscovered€the€body€of€a€female,€subsequently€identified€as€Melinda€Perrin,€whoseÏface€had€been€obliterated€by€a€shotgun€blast.€€The€body€was€sent€to€Dr.€CharlesÏHarlan,€the€chief€medical€examiner,€who€would€conduct€the€autopsy.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Harlan€determined€that€the€thirty„nine€year€old€victim€had€sustained€aÏshotgun€wound€to€the€left€side€of€the€neck€which€was€consistent€with€a€near€shotgunÏwound.€€As€a€result€of€the€injury,€the€victim€suffered€multiple€skull€fractures,€fracturesÏof€the€jaw€bone€and€the€bone€connecting€the€upper€teeth,€bruising€to€the€brain,€andÏa€collapsed€right€eye.€€He€opined€that,€after€being€struck€by€the€shotgun€blast€to€theÏhead,€the€victim€would€have€ceased€being€functional,€and,€most€likely€would€haveÏbeen€rendered€unconscious.€€The€victim€could€have€lived€from€between€five€to€tenÏminutes€from€the€delivery€of€the€injury.€€Dr.€Harlan€determined€that,€based€on€theÏdistance€and€angle€of€the€gunshot€wound,€it€would€have€been€very€difficult€for€theÏwound€to€have€been€self„inflicted.€€He€was€also€able€to€determine€that,€at€the€time€ofÏdeath,€the€victim€had€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.12€per€cent€and€that€there€were€tracesÏof€Fluoxtenine€(a€form€of€Prozac),€Norpropoxyphene€(the€metabolic€breakdown€ofÏDarvon,€a€painkiller),€Dihydrocodeinone€(a€synthetic€opiate)€andÏephedrine/pseudoephedrine€(cold€medicine)€in€her€bloodstream.ÌœñcññbñÌñbññcñ›Ìà ` àOn€June€26,€eighteen€days€after€the€homicide,€the€appellant€turned€himself€inÐ X9P28 Ðto€authorities.€€That€evening€during€visiting€hours,€Deputy€Anderson€overheard€theÏappellant€tell€one€of€his€visitors€that€he€could€not€understand€why€he€was€a€suspectÏbecause€he€was€not€even€with€the€victim€that€day€or€at€the€time€of€the€murder.€ÏNeither€the€appellantððs€vehicle€nor€the€murder€weapon€were€ever€recovered.ÌÌà ` àAt€his€subsequent€trial,€the€appellant€pled€not€guilty€to€the€charge€ofÏpremeditated€murder,€and,€in€defense€suggested€that€the€fatal€wound€had€been€self„¼inflicted.€€The€jury€rejected€this€theory€and€returned€a€guilty€verdict€as€to€the€chargeÏof€premeditated€first€degree€murder.ÌÌÌà@óó®àò òI.€€Waiver€of€Evidentiary€Issuesó óˆÐ ÌÄ ÐÌà ` àThe€judgment€of€conviction€was€entered€against€the€appellant€on€January€31,Ï1997.€€A€timely,€but,€€òòpro€seóó€motion€for€new€trial€was€filed€by€the€appellant€onÐ < 4 ÐFebruary€6,€1997.€€On€this€date,€the€appellant€was€still€represented€by€retained€trialÏcounsel.€€For€this€reason,€the€trial€court€was€not€obligated€to€consider€the€òòpro€seóóÐ Ø#Ð  Ðmotion€for€new€trial,€since€a€defendant€is€not€entitled€to€representation€by€counselÏand€to€simultaneously€proceed€òòpro€seóó.€€òòState€v.€Clarkóó,€No.€9€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÐ t'l $ ÐJackson,€May€7,€1986),òò€perm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€Sept.€8,€1986)€(citing€òòStateÐ D)<"& Ðv.€Burkhartóó,€541€S.W.2d€365,€371€(Tenn.1976)).€€€Ð +$( ÐÌà ` àOn€May€20,€1997,€trial€counsel€filed€a€belated€motion€for€new€trial€on€theÏappellantððs€behalf.€€A€motion€for€new€trial€ð ðshall€be€made€.€.€.€within€thirty€days€of€theÏdate€the€order€of€sentence€is€entered.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€33(b).€€This€provision€isÏmandatory,€and€the€time€for€filing€may€not€be€extended.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€45(b).€€AÏtrial€judge€does€not€have€the€jurisdiction€to€hear€and€determine€the€merits€of€aÏmotion€for€new€trial€that€has€not€been€timely€filed.€€òòState€v.€Dodsonóó,€780€S.W.2dÐ ¤7œ06 Ð778,€780€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).€€Moreover,€this€court€does€not€have€the€authorityÐ p9h28 Ðto€waive€the€untimely€filing€of€a€motion€for€new€trial.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€4(a).€ÏNonetheless,€this€court€may€consider€alleged€errors€which€affect€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€evidence,€or€sentencing,€as€well€as€plain€errors€affecting€the€substantial€rights€ofÏthe€defendant€where€it€may€be€necessary€to€do€substantial€justice.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï3(e);€13(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€Thus,€the€appellantððs€issues,€other€than€thoseÏwhich€relate€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€are€deemed€waived€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€Ð ü  ÐòòState€v.€Martinóó,€940€S.W.2d€567,€569€(Tenn.€1997).€€Ð ÐÈ  ÐÌÌà@++®àò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óˆÐ 4, ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€toÏenable€a€rational€juror€to€find€him€guilty€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder.€ÏSpecifically,€he€asserts€that€there€is€no€evidence€to€show€premeditation.€€He€arguesÏthat,€at€best,€the€evidence€supports€theories€of€accidental€shooting€or€a€shooting€inÏthe€heat€of€passion.€€The€State€contends€that€the€appellantððs€procurement€of€aÏweapon,€the€victimððs€statements€to€Linda€Wallace,€and€the€appellantððs€actions€afterÏthe€homicide€establish€the€appellantððs€preconceived€intent€to€kill€Melinda€Perrin.ÌÌà ` àA€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÏdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal€aÏconvicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€It€is€the€appellateÐ œ.”', Ðcourtððs€duty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€the€evidence€viewed€under€these€standardsÏwas€sufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÏoffense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€317,€99Ð 4ø,2 ÐS.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcert.Ð Ì5Ä.4 Ðdeniedóó,€„„€U.S.„„,€115€S.Ct.€743€(1995);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€On€appeal,€theÐ ˜706 ÐState€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€legitimate€orÐ d9\28 Ðreasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2dÐ  Ð54,€75€(Tenn.€1992),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.Ct.€1368€(1993).Ð ÔÌ ÐÌà ` àOnce€a€homicide€is€established€it€is€presumed€to€be€second€degree€murder.€ÏòòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€State,€then,€has€theÐ 80 Ðburden€of€proving€the€element€of€premeditation€to€elevate€the€offense€to€first€degreeÏmurder.ñ[ñ׃×ñ[ññ[ñ׃×ñ[ñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòIdóó.€€Premeditation€necessitates€ð ðthe€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment,ððÐ ÐÈ  Ðrequiring€a€ð ðpreviously€formed€design€or€intent€to€kill.ðð€€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2dÐ œ”  Ð144,€147€(Tenn.€1992).€€ÌÌà ` àThe€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€for€the€jury€and€may€be€inferredÏfrom€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing.€€òòState€v.€Gentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€1,€3Ð ÌÄ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€€because€the€trier€ofÐ ˜ Ðfact€cannot€speculate€as€to€what€was€in€the€killerððs€mind,€the€existence€of€facts€ofÏpremeditation€must€be€determined€from€the€appellantððs€conduct€in€light€of€theÏsurrounding€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Wrightóó,€No.€01C01„9503„CC„00093€(Tenn.Ð ü!ô ÐCrim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Jan.€5,€1996).€€Although€there€is€no€strict€standardÏgoverning€what€constitutes€proof€of€premeditation,€several€relevant€circumstancesÏare€helpful,€including:€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim;€the€factÏthat€the€killing€was€particularly€cruel;€declaration€by€the€defendant€of€his€intent€to€kill;Ïand€the€making€of€preparations€before€the€killing€for€the€purpose€of€concealing€theÏcrime.€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€„„€U.S.€„„,Ð Ä,¼%* Ð118€S.Ct.€1536€(1998)€(citing€òòBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€541„542).€€Additional€factorsÐ .ˆ', Ðfrom€which€a€jury€may€infer€premeditation€include€planning€activities€by€the€appellantÏprior€to€the€killing,€the€appellantððs€prior€relationship€with€the€victim,€and€the€nature€ofÏthe€killing.€€òòGentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€at€4„5€(citation€omitted).Ð ô3ì,2 ÐÐ À5¸.4 Ðà ` àAgain,€taken€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€proof€establishedÏthat€the€appellant€and€the€victim€were€involved€in€a€close€relationship.€€On€the€day€ofÏthe€homicide,€the€appellant,€accompanied€by€the€victim,€went€to€the€home€ofÏCharles€Morgan€where€he€purchased€a€shotgun,€allegedly€for€his€protection.€€TheÏcouple€then€proceeded€to€the€residence€of€Norman€and€Linda€Wallace.€ÏNotwithstanding€Melindaððs€revelation€to€Linda€Wallace€that€she€was€fearful€of€theÏappellant,€there€is€no€indication€that€Melinda€did€not€voluntarily€accompany€theÏappellant€on€his€excursions€that€day.€€Indeed,€the€proof€shows€that,€on€this€evening,Ïthe€appellant€called€Melinda€ð ðhoneyðð€and€ð ðbabyðð€and€that€the€relationship€betweenÏthe€two€appeared€amiable.€€Witnesses€confirmed€that€both€the€appellant€and€theÏvictim€had€been€drinking€alcohol€throughout€the€day.€€ÌÌà ` àAfter€careful€consideration€of€all€the€facts€and€circumstances€surrounding€thisÏhomicide,€we€are€unable€to€conclude€that€the€element€of€premeditation€wasÏestablished.€€Indeed,€the€appellantððs€erratic€driving€onto€the€parking€lot€of€a€businessÏpremises€where€he€proceeded€to€slap€the€victim€in€the€face€and€then€shoot€her€inÏthe€presence€of€numerous€witnesses€is€not€indicative€of€the€ð ðexercise€of€reflectionÏand€judgment.ðð€€€As€evidence€of€premeditation,€the€State€contends€that€theÏappellantððs€procurement€of€a€weapon,€the€victimððs€state€of€mind,€and€the€appellantððsÏsubsequent€concealment€of€evidence€of€the€crime€support€their€theory€of€aÏpreviously€formed€intent€to€kill.€€Moreover,€the€State€asserts€that,€ð ð[m]ost€importantly,Ïnumerous€eyewitnesses€implicated€the€defendant€as€the€shooter.ðð€€First,€althoughÏproof€of€identity€is€important€in€establishing€guilt,€identity€of€the€shooter€is€òònotóóÐ .ˆ', Ðevidence€of€premeditation.€€Second,€the€proof€does€not€support€the€proposition€thatÏthe€appellant€obtained€the€weapon€to€use€against€the€victim.€€Rather,€the€only€proofÏas€to€this€issue€indicates€that€the€appellant€purchased€the€weapon€in€order€to€defendÏhimself,€Melinda,€and€his€mother€from€the€threats€of€an€irate€creditor.€€Third,Ïtestimony€that€the€victim€was€fearful€of€the€appellant€is€not€indicative€ofÏpremeditation,€rather,€it€was€introduced€solely€to€refute€the€otherwise€overwhelmingÐ X9P28 Ðproof€of€their€harmonious€relationship.€€òòCfóó.€€òòState€v.€Roeóó,€No.€02C01„9702„CR„Ð  Ð00054€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€Jan.€12,€1998).€€Finally,€the€fact€that€theÏappellant€concealed€the€body€of€the€victim€in€an€isolated€area€and€that€the€car€andÏthe€murder€weapon€were€never€recovered€is€not€prima€facie€evidence€of€aÏpremeditated€homicide.€€ð ðAlthough€concealment€of€evidence€may€itself€be€evidenceÏof€guilt€.€.€.€[t]he€concealment€of€evidence€may€be€associated€with€the€commission€ofÏòòanyóó€crime€and€the€accompanying€fear€of€punishment.ðð€€òòState€v.€Baileyóó,€€No.€01C01„Ð ÐÈ  Ð9403„CC„00105€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Jul.€20,€1995),€òòperm.€to€appealÐ œ”  Ðdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€Jan.€8,€1996)€(citing€òòCagle€v.€Stateóó,€507€S.W.2d€121,€129€(Tenn.Ð h` ÐCrim.€App.€1973)).€€òòð ðThe€fact€that€evidence€is€subsequently€hidden€from€the€policeÐ 4, Ðreveals€nothing€about€a€criminalððs€state€of€mind€before€the€crime.óóðð€€òòIdóó.€(citationÐ ü Ðomitted)€(emphasis€in€original).€€Accordingly,€the€concealment€of€evidence€may€notÏbe€used€to€prove€the€element€of€premeditation.€€òòWestóó,€844€S.W.2d€at€148.€€òòSee€alsoóó€Ð  ˜ ÐòòState€v.€Schaferóó,€No.€03C01„9702„CR„00057€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Dec.€9,Ð ld Ð1997).€€In€sum,€the€absence€of€motive,€the€absence€of€planning€activity€and€theÏcircumstances€surrounding€the€manner€of€the€killing,€òòi.e.óó,€€in€the€publicððs€view,€allÐ "ü Ðmilitate€against€proof€of€premeditation€or€that€the€appellant€killed€according€to€aÏpreconceived€design.€€Absent€the€element€of€premeditation,€the€appellantððsÏconviction€for€first€degree€murder€cannot€stand.ÌÌà ` àNotwithstanding€this€conclusion,€again,€a€homicide€is€presumed€to€be€secondÏdegree€murder.€€òòBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€543.€€Second€degree€murder€is€a€knowingÐ Ð,È%* Ðkilling€of€another.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1)€(1995€Supp.).€€Under€theÏfacts€of€this€case,€we€find€that€the€proof€establishes€that€the€appellant€actedÏð ðknowinglyðð€with€an€awareness€that€his€discharge€of€a€sawed€off€shotgun€less€thanÏtwo€feet€from€the€victimððs€head€was€reasonably€certain€to€cause€death.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.Ð 4ø,2 ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(20)€(1995€Supp.).€€We€conclude€that€there€is€evidence€toÏsupport€ð ðknowingðð€conduct,€and,€therefore,€a€conviction€for€second€degree€murder.ÌÐ d9\28 Ðà ` àFor€the€reasons€set€forth€above,€we€reverse€the€appellantððs€conviction€forÏpremeditated€murder€and€vacate€the€accompanying€sentence.€€This€cause€isÏremanded€to€the€trial€court€for€entry€of€a€judgment€of€conviction€in€accordance€withÏthis€opinion€and€for€re„sentencing€consistent€with€the€principles€of€sentencing.€€€€€€ÌñTññYññTñÌñTññSñÌÌñSññYññRññPñà@+®àòòò òOPINIONóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant,€Tommy€Joe€Walker,€appeals€the€Davidson€County€CircuitÏCourtððs€summary€dismissal€of€his€application€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus.€€Specifically,Ïthe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€his€1977€conviction€forÏvoluntary€manslaughter€was€not€void.€€The€appellant€is€currently€incarcerated€at€theÏRiverbend€Maximum€Security€Institute€in€Nashville€awaiting€execution€for€anÏunrelated€murder€committed€in€1989.€€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Walkeróó,€910€S.W.2d€381(Tenn.Ð ¨   Ð1995),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€„„U.S.„„,€117€S.Ct.€88€(1996).€Ð tl ÐÌà ` àOn€January€4,€1977,€pursuant€to€a€negotiated€plea€agreement,€the€appellantÏentered€a€guilty€plea€in€the€Knox€County€Criminal€Court€to€one€count€of€voluntaryÏmanslaughter€committed€while€on€parole.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€judgment€form€entered€inÐ ¤œ Ðconformance€with€the€plea€agreement€provides,€in€parts€pertinent€to€this€issue:€ÌÓÓà8 ` àIt€is,€therefore,€considered€by€the€Court€that€the€defendant€òò€€€€€óó,€for€theÐ < 4 Ðoffense€of€which€òòhe€óó€stands€convicted,€shall€undergo€confinement€inÐ "! Ðthe€penitentiary€of€the€State,€at€hard€labor,€for€a€period€of€not€less€thanÏòò€€4€€óó€years€nor€more€than€òò€€4€€óó€years,€from€the€date€of€òò€€his€€óó€conviction;Ð î"æ Ðò òthat€òò€€€€€€€óó€be€rendered€infamous,€as€provided€by€lawó ó,€and€that€theÐ Ô#Ì  Ðdefendant€.€.€.€.€pay€all€the€costs€of€this€prosecution,€which€areÏadjudged€against€òò€€him€€óó€from€which€Ð %˜"` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àSENTENCE€TO€BE€SERVED€*SEE€ATTACHED€CERTIFIED€COPYÐ ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àexecution€may€issue.€€(The€defendantððs€imprisonment€in€this€case€willÏò òbegin€at€the€expiration€ofó ó€run€concurrently€with€[his]€sentence€in€caseÐ R(J!% ÐNo.€7545/)€&€W/7394€*SEE€ATTACHED€CERTIFIED€COPY.€€Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÌThe€minutes€attached€to€the€judgment€form€further€provide:ÌÌà8 ` à.€.€.This€sentence€to€run€concurrently€.€.€.€with€the€sentence€imposed€inÏcase€No.€7545,€and€thereafter€concurrently.€.€.€with€the€sentenceÏimposed€in€case€No.€7394,€said€concurrency€beginning€July€14,€1976€.Ï.€.€.€€òò[T]hat€is,€to€be€served€in€so€far€as€it€can€be€concurrent,€and€theÐ N1F*/ Ðremainder€served€thereafter€until€completion;€Provided,€further,Ïhowever€that€the€judgment€in€this€case€shall€not€limit€the€authority€orÏdiscretion€of€the€Parole€Board€granted€by€T.C.A.€40„3620,€with€respectÏto€the€defendantððs€prior€cases€in€which€he€has€been€paroled€andÏcharged€with€parole€violation;€that€is,€the€concurrency€aspect€of€thisÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ðsentence€is€subject€to€limitation€by€the€Parole€Board€in€its€revocationÏproceedings.€.€.€.óóÐîæ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÌ(emphasis€added).€€ÌÓÓÌà ` àOn€April€3,€1997,€the€appellant€filed€an€application€for€writ€of€habeas€corpusÏalleging€that€the€1977€judgment€entered€against€him€is€void€because€his€ð ðplea€ofÏguilt€was€premised€upon€the€promise€of€a€concurrent€sentence,ðð€which€the€trial€courtÏhad€no€authority€to€impose.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trial€court€dismissed€the€appellantððs€applicationÐ ¶®  Ðfinding€that€the€appellantððs€claim€did€not€constitute€a€valid€claim€for€habeas€reliefÏbecause€the€judgment,€from€its€face,€was€not€void.€€The€appellant,€in€contesting€theÏdecision€of€the€trial€court,€asserts€that€the€1977€judgment€form€reflects€that€theÏappellantððs€sentence€was€to€be€served€concurrently€with€two€outstanding€sentencesÏfor€which€he€was€on€parole€at€the€time€of€the€present€offense.€€Relying€exclusivelyÏupon€òòHenderson€v.€State€òòex€rel.óó€Lanceóó,€419€S.W.2d€176€(Tenn.€1967),׃F×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€he€arguesÐ ~v Ðthat€this€judgment,€which€is€contrary€to€the€statutory€mandate€of€the€existing€law€atÏthe€time,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„3620€(1978€Supp.),€is€void€on€its€face€as€the€trialÏcourt€was€without€the€authority€to€impose€concurrent€sentences.€€ÌÌÓÓà ` àà8 ¸ àHabeas€corpus€relief€is€available€in€Tennessee€only€when€ððitÏappears€òòupon€the€face€of€the€judgmentóó€or€the€record€of€theÐ d'\ $ Ðproceedings€upon€which€the€judgment€is€renderedðð€that€aÏconvicting€court€was€without€jurisdiction€or€authority€to€sentenceÏa€defendant,€or€that€a€defendantððs€sentence€of€imprisonment€orÏother€restraint€has€expired.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÓÓ€€òòÐ â+Ú$) ÐArcher€v.€Stateóó,€851€S.W.2d€157,€164€(Tenn.€1993)€(emphasis€added).€€Because€theÐ  Ðrecord€reflects€that€the€judgment€of€conviction€is€not€void€on€its€face€and€that€the€trialÏcourt€was€clearly€vested€with€jurisdiction€to€impose€the€resulting€sentence,€theÏremedy€of€habeas€corpus€is€not€available€to€the€appellant€in€this€case.€ÌÌà ` àAlthough€we€concede€the€principle€of€law€established€by€òòHendersonóó,€the€caseÐ ü  Ðpresently€before€this€court€is€distinguishable€from€the€facts€before€the€court€inÏòòHendersonóó.€€In€òòHendersonóó,€the€trial€court€ordered€that€the€defendantððs€sentenceÐ œ”  Ðcommitted€while€on€parole€be€served€concurrently€with€the€sentence€contested€onÏappeal.€€The€trial€court€knew€that€the€Board€of€Paroles€had€revoked€the€defendantÏfrom€his€parole€and€knew€what€portion€of€the€paroled€sentence€the€Board€of€ParolesÏhad€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively.€€In€the€case€before€us,€there€is€noÏindication€that€the€trial€court€was€aware€of€the€Board€of€Paroleððs€determination,€inÏfact,€the€judgment€is€expressly€conditioned€upon€the€Boardððs€future€action.€€From€theÏrecord€before€us,€we€cannot€be€certain€that€the€sentences€are€indeed€illegal,€and,Ïtherefore,€void.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòBergdorf€v.€Stateóó,€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00279€(Tenn.Ð ü!ô ÐCrim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Oct.€8,€1996).€€The€explicit€language€of€the€judgmentÏprovides€that€the€concurrent€aspect€of€the€sentence€is€not€definite,€but€is€subject€toÏthe€determination€of€the€Board€of€Paroles.€€As€conferred€by€our€Legislature,€only€theÏBoard€of€Pardons€and€Paroles€has€the€authority€to€revoke€a€parolee€from€a€paroledÏsentence€and€determine€what€portion€of€the€paroled€sentence€he€is€to€serve.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€Ð ø*ð#( ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„3620.€€It€is€not€apparent€from€the€face€of€the€judgment€orÏfrom€the€record€on€appeal€whether€the€appellant€was€ever€revoked€from€his€paroledÏsentences,€and,€if€he€was€revoked,€as€to€which€part€of€the€paroled€sentences€heÏwas€required€to€serve.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Additionally,€the€appellant€has€presented€no€evidence€toÐ l d Ðsupport€his€allegation€that€his€sentences€were,€indeed,€served€consecutively.€€Thus,Ïit€is€not€clear€on€its€face€that€the€judgment€is€void.€€Rather,€the€judgment€merelyÏindicates€that€the€judgment€is€voidable.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€byÏsummarily€dismissing€the€appellantððs€application.׃F×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð œ”  ÐÌà ` àAdditionally,€although€we€acknowledge€that€our€supreme€court€has€rejectedÏthe€doctrine€of€laches€to€applications€for€habeas€corpus€relief,€€òòsee,€e.g.óó,€€òòWills€v.Ð ø ÐStateóó,€859€S.W.2d€308,€310€(Tenn.€1993)€(refusing€to€apply€doctrine€of€laches€inÐ ÌÄ Ðpost„conviction€setting);€òòPotts€v.€Stateóó,€833€S.W.2d€60,€62€(Tenn.€1992)€(habeasÐ ˜ Ðcorpus€has€no€statutory€time€limitation);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòAdkins€v.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€334,Ð d\ Ð342€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòperm.€to€appeal€dismissedóó,€(Tenn.€1995),€other€courtsÐ 0 ( Ðhave€applied€this€equitable€doctrine€to€this€area.׃þ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€The€doctrine€of€laches€is€basedÐ ü!ô Ðupon€the€maxim€that€equity€aids€the€vigilant€and€not€those€who€slumber€on€theirÏrights.€€òòBlackððs€Law€Dictionaryóó€875€(6th€ed.€1990).€€ð ðIt€is€defined€as€neglect€toÐ ”%Œ" Ðassert€a€right€or€claim€which,€taken€together€with€lapse€of€time€and€otherÐ `'X $ Ðcircumstances€causing€prejudice€to€adverse€party,€operates€as€a€bar€in€a€court€ofÏequity.ðð€€òòIdóó.€€This€doctrine€could€properly€be€applied€to€habeas€corpus€proceedingsÐ ÔÌ Ðwhen€the€delay€in€bringing€a€claim€for€collateral€relief€has€been€unreasonable€andÏunjustified€and€the€State€has€been€prejudiced€in€responding€to€the€claim.€€òòSeeóó€€òòExÐ l d Ðparte€Pattersonóó,€No.€72,866€(Tex.€Crim.€App.€June€10,€1998)€(òòfor€publicationóó)€(Baird,Ð 80 ÐJ.€concurring)€(encouraging€court€to€reconsider€application€of€doctrine€of€laches€inÏhabeas€proceedings).€€Although€a€void€judgment€may€be€attacked€at€òòany€timeóó,Ð ÔÌ  Ðbecause€convictions€must€eventually€become€final,€an€inmate€must€not€be€permittedÏto€engage€in€inordinate€delays€in€bringing€their€claims€for€relief€before€the€courtsÏwithout€justification.€€òòSeeóó€€òòWillsóó,€859€S.W.2d€at€312€(OððBrien,€J.,€concurring€in€partÐ 80 Ðand€dissenting€in€part);€òòState€v.€Whiteóó,€No.€1101€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Apr.Ð ü Ð21,€1987),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€June€29,€1987).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€òòEx€parteÐ ÐÈ ÐPattersonóó,€No.€72,866€(Baird,€J.,€concurring).€€The€State€has€a€legitimate€interest€inÐ œ” Ðpreventing€the€litigation€of€stale€or€fraudulent€claims.€€òòWillsóó,€859€S.W.2d€at€312Ð h` Ð(OððBrien,€J.€concurring€in€part€and€dissenting€in€part)€(quoting€òòBurford€v.€Stateóó,€845Ð 4 , ÐS.W.2d€204,€208€(Tenn.€1992)).€€ÌÌà ` àIn€1977,€the€appellant€pled€guilty€to€voluntary€manslaughter€and€received€theÏbenefits€of€a€negotiated€four€year€sentence.€€This€sentence€was€served€by€theÏappellant€without€objection.€€Following€expiration€of€this€sentence,€whether€servedÏeither€consecutive€or€concurrent€to€a€parole€violation,€the€appellant€was€releasedÏfrom€confinement.€€Now,€twenty„two€years€later,€he€challenges€his€conviction€basedÏupon€an€error€in€sentencing€which€has€already€been€served.€€Although€he€seeksÏredress€for€this€error,€he€offers€no€excuse€or€reason€for€the€delay.€€The€recordÏreflects€no€ð ðprocedural€trapðð€or€external€impediment€which€has€occasioned€theÏdelay.€€òòSee€generallyóó,€òòCrank€v.€Duckworthóó,€969€F.2d€363,365€(7th€Cir.€1992).€Ð ø3ð,2 ÐBecause€the€remedy€sought€today€was€equally€available€by€means€of€post„¼conviction€relief€twenty„two€years€ago,€we€can€only€assume€that€it€was€theÏappellantððs€decision€to€forgo€any€challenge€during€incarceration.Ð \9T28 Їà ` à€The€unwarranted€filings€of€such€delayed€claims€unnecessarily€clogs€the€courtÏdockets€and€represents€an€abuse€of€the€judicial€process.€€As€stated€by€the€UnitedÏStates€Supreme€Court,€ð ð[n]o€procedural€principle€is€more€familiar€to€this€Court€thanÏthat€a€constitutional€right€may€be€forfeited€in€criminal€as€well€as€civil€cases€by€theÏfailure€to€make€timely€assertion€of€the€right.ðð€€òòMichel€v.€Louisianaóó,€350€U.S.€91,€99,Ð 80 Ð76€S.Ct.€158,€163€(1955)€(citation€omitted).€€A€petitioner€must€be€held€to€reasonableÏdiligence€in€making€application€for€relief€and€such€application€should€be€made€withinÏa€reasonable€or€justifiable€time.€€òòWhiteóó,€No.€1101.€€When€a€prisoner€has€availableÐ œ”  Ðinformation€and€facts€to€present€an€application€for€relief€and€fails€to€do€so,€a€laterÏapplication€is€indicative€of€bad€faith€and€should€be€denied.€€òòWhiteóó,€No.€1101.€€Ð 4, ÐÌà ` àFor€the€reasons€expressed€in€this€opinion,€the€trial€courtððs€dismissal€of€theÏappellantððs€application€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus€is€affirmed.ÌñPññRññYññPñÌñPññYññZñÌñZññPñÌÓÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌñPñÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Judge