WPC l RnvgN `{!{lm1}kj[Y:zⓆ5ƝCɯE[8fN!4ڢUK:[ v3frg7m+gm&߸;ZZ^B#xP@_ۍєs=C}:;S/љuk5fboWHQ2<Duy:b s(ka4\Cf&ߌ0'hqk<'k ޶a ):*}LrsJ1{ 8[^G}%W[WE כ_k81&a#Zٚn =3}WiG9E$})d3: ۂaΠ CF 1۶<}:8ܮpW{K j2ۏ4ZFn:g@Ƹ 5x786J2ewgztQc@U $^>Ƹ<菁/Vp,U>h 0<H 0< 0.h D+( AS@ o@ o b" "* L  d 0n # 0 0 0(S AQ{ %""""8 B-Z B 0#NUNM](aN^ w4 mU@\  `&Times New Roman'  "Unknown User"0Unknown User .   <:Default Para<:Footnote Ref6 4Body Text    'dxd&Draw Object <<=8C HKKKK  WPC i K513%)+-51d~ -  WPC i K513%)+-51d~ -- -        l)..       X X   _B.` hp x (#XB(2l$ 6!..       X X   ݃ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(2l$ 6!..       X X   (2l$ 6!..       X X   ($C<< c X                    )Hairline d  d#|x(r6$..       VX XV VHP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6,,,,0(uH Z6Times New Roman RegularT+ J~'| `ޠU(mK Z(Times New Roman   6!..       X X   _         0p x (#X0VM 8 ّ XXdd8  QhhVMINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  Qgg$ATNASHVILLEVMԈ    H.` hp x (#X(#HAssignedonBriefsAugust21,2001 > XّXVMVMXXّ STATEOFTENNESSEEv.MELVINWATERSXّXVM  0  DirectAppealfromtheCriminalCourtforDavidsonCounty  " No.2000A18SteveR.Dozier,Judge   -  XXّ k[W$~ Kp@0 dd`  KEj K Kj2 -  XّX No.M200003224CCAR3CDFiledDecember5,_2001_ _  -  XXّ  k[W$~ Kp@0 dd`  KE+ K K+2 -  XّX    Thedefendantappealsfromhisconvictionsforfacilitationofaggravatedrobbery,aggravated  p  assault,resistingarrestandcriminalimpersonation.Theonlyissueraisedbythedefendantis V whethertheevidencewassufficienttosupporthisconvictionforaggravatedassault.Basedon < ourreviewoftheevidence,weconcludethatthecodefendantsconductamountedtoaggravated " assaultandthatthedefendant,asapartytotheoffense,wascriminallyresponsibleforthat  conduct.Thejudgmentsofthetrialcourtareaffirmed.    Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCriminalCourtAffirmed  j   JohnEverettWilliams,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichJosephM._Tipton_Ԁand 6 James_Curwood_Ԁ_Witt_,Jr.,JJ.,joined. l DanielL._McMurtry_,Nashville,Tennessee,fortheappellant,MelvinWaters. 8 PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;Laura_McMullen_ԀFord,AssistantAttorney  General;VictorS.(_Torry_)JohnsonIII,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andBrianK._Holmgren_,  AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee.    Ѐ f!!   *XّXXXّOPINION  2##      XT   Thedefendant,MelvinWaters,wasindictedfortheaggravatedrobberyofDalton_Pitts_, $N % CountOne;theaggravatedassaultofFatimaJones,CountTwo;disorderlyconduct,Count %4!& Three;resistingarrest,CountFour;andcriminalimpersonation,CountFive.Acodefendant, &"' _Quawn_Ԁ_Lillard_,wasalsonamedintheindictmentforCountsOneandTwo.T ݌ '#( Ќ     (#)     (   Thedefendantwastriedbyajuryandfoundguiltyofthelesserincludedoffenseof |)$* facilitationofaggravatedrobberyonCountOne,notguiltyofCountThreeandguiltyascharged b*%+ intheindictmentsonCountsTwo,FourandFive.ThedefendantisaRangeIImultiple H+&, offender.Thetrialcourtsentencedthedefendanttotwelve(12)yearsforthefacilitationof .,~'-  aggravatedrobberyconviction,six(6)yearsfortheaggravatedassaultconviction,andsix(6) -d(.          _monthseachfortheresistingarrestandcriminalimpersonationconvictions.Thetrialcourt  orderedthesentencestobeservedconcurrently.(a݌             ݌ | Ќ        @  Thetrialcourtdeniedthedefendantstimelymotionforjudgmentofacquittalandmotion b foranewtrialandatimelynoticeofappealfollowed.Thedefendantraisesasingleissueon H appeal:whethertherewassufficientevidencetosupporthisconvictionfortheaggravated . ~ assaultofFatimaJones,CountTwo.@݌  d Ќ        z  z݌  J Ќ          X;  Facts;݌  0 Ќ        !  !l݌̌     X      ThedefendantandacodefendantweretriedjointlyfortheaggravatedrobberyofDalton    PittsandtheaggravatedassaultofFatimaJonesbasedoneventsthatoccurredinAugustof   1999.BothMr.PittsandMs.Jones,thevictim,testifiedatthetrial.Mr.Pittswasatthe x  victimshomeontheeveningofAugust20,1999.Earlyintheevening,Mr.Pittstoldthevictim ^  thatheneededchangeforaonehundreddollarbillinordertopayforbusfaretoworkinthe D  morning.ThevictimleftthehousetogetchangeforMr.Pittsbutreturnedwithoutsuccess *z  becausethestorewasclosed.Later,thevictimandMr.Pittswereinherbedroomandshewas ` lyingonherbed.Mr.Pittswassittingonthebedplayingvideogameswhenthedefendantand F thecodefendantenteredthebedroom.ThecodefendantaskedifMr.Pittswantedtogotothe , storewithhimandthedefendanttogetchange.Mr.Pittsdeclinedtogotothestorewiththe  defendantandthecodefendantbecausehedidnotknowthem.0݌  Ќ          s  Ashorttimelater,thedefendantandthecodefendantreturnedtothevictimsbedroom. t Mr.Pittsnoticedthatthedefendanthadasawedoffshotguninhispants.Thecodefendant Z demandedthatMr.Pittsgivehimmoney.Mr.Pittsrefusedthecodefendantsrepeatedrequests @ formoneyatwhichpointthecodefendantaskedthedefendanttogivehimthegun.The &v defendantgavetheguntothecodefendantandthecodefendantaskedonceagainforMr.Pitts  \ money.Mr.Pittsrefusedandthecodefendantfiredtheshotgunintothemattressofthebed. B Mr.Pittsthengavethecodefendanttheonehundreddollarbillinhispocket.Thecodefendant ( handedthemoneytothedefendantandthetwomenleft.Bothmenranoutofthehouse,nearly  knockingdownthevictimsmotherastheyleft.s݌  Ќ           $  ThevictimsperceptionoftheeventsdifferedslightlyfromthatofMr.Pitts.She p!  testifiedthatshewaslyingonherbedwhileMr.Pittsplayedvideogames.Shenoticedthat V"! someoneenteredtheroombutwasnotconcernedwhenshesawthatitwasthecodefendant <#" becausesheknewhim.AtfirstthevictimdidnotpayattentiontotheconversationbetweenMr. "$r# Pittsandthetwodefendants.Uponhearingthecodefendantsay, givemeyourmoneyand %X $  Imnotplayingwithyou,thevictimturnedtolookatthecodefendantandthedefendant.The %>!% victimsawthecodefendantpulloutagunandholditpointingtowardthefloor.Scaredthatthe &$"& codefendantwasgoingtoshoot,thevictimjumpedfromthebedandranoutofthebedroom. ' #' Thevictimheardagunshotaftershewentoutsidethehousetotellhermotherwhatwas (#( happeninginside.Thevictimtestifiedthatsheneversawthedefendantwithagun,nordidshe )$) hearhimsayanythinginherpresence.Shedid,however,observethedefendantrunfromthe l*%* homewiththecodefendant.$_$݌ R+&+ Ќ     8,', Ї    )  Thevictimsmotherreportedtheincidenttothepolice.Whenthepolicearrivedatthe  scene,thecodefendantssistermadeastatementtopolice,whichimplicatedthecodefendant.  Inaddition,thevictimidentifiedboththedefendantandthecodefendantfromaphotographic | lineup.Mr.Pittsonlyidentifiedthedefendantfromthephotographiclineup.Mr.Pittsexplained b duringhistrialtestimonythatthecodefendantwasbaldonthenightofthecrimebuthadhairin H thephotograph,whichwaswhyhewasnotabletoidentifythecodefendantfromthe . ~ photographiclineup.Thedefendantandthecodefendantwerebothchargedwiththeaggravated  d robberyofMr.Pittsandtheaggravatedassaultofthevictim.)?*݌  J Ќ        .  .d.݌  0 Ќ          X.  Analysis.>/݌    Ќ        /  / 0݌̌     X0/    0  Thedefendantcontendsthattheevidencewasinsufficienttosupporthisconvictionfor   theaggravatedassaultofFatimaJones.Whenanaccusedchallengesthesufficiencyofthe x  convictingevidence,thestandardiswhether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinthelightmost ^  favorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsof D  thecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Tenn.R.App.P.13(e);Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S. *z  307,322-25,99S.Ct.2781(1979),#XّXX*Xّ #*XّXXXّԀ61L.Ed.2d560.Questionsconcerningthecredibilityof ` thewitnesses,theweightandvaluetobegiventheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraised F bytheevidence,areresolvedbythetrieroffact,notthiscourt.Statev.Pappas,754S.W.2d620, , 623(Tenn.Crim.App.1987).00݌  Ќ    X  Ӏ     X  Onappeal,thestateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandall  reasonableinferencestherefrom.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).This t courtmaynotsubstituteitsowninferencesforthosedrawnbythetrieroffactfrom Z circumstantialevidence.Statev.Matthews,805S.W.2d776,779(Tenn.Crim.App.1990). @ Becauseaverdictofguiltremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceandreplacesitwitha &v presumptionofguilt,theaccusedhastheburdeninthiscourtofillustratingwhytheevidenceis  \ insufficienttosupportthejuryverdictreturnedbythetrieroffact.Statev.Tuggle,639S.W.2d B 913,914(Tenn.1982). (  X XThedefendantclaimsthattheevidenceadducedattrialisinsufficienttosupporthis  convictionforaggravatedassaultbecausethevictimstestimonydidnotindicatethatthe   defendantsconductcausedhertofearimminentbodilyinjury.Wedisagree.Thevictim p!  testifiedthatshewaslyingonherbedwhenthedefendantandthecodefendantenteredher V"! bedroom.Shetestifiedthatherboyfriendwasalsointheroomandthathewassittingonthebed <#" playingavideogame.Thevictimstatedthatwhenshefirstnoticedthecodefendantshewas "$r# notconcernedbecausesheknewhim.Thevictimdidbecomeconcerned,however,whenshe %X $ heardthecodefendantyelltoherboyfriend, Givemeyourmoney!Atthispointthevictim %>!% turnedtolookinthedirectionofthedefendantandthecodefendant,andsawthecodefendant &$"& pulloutagun.Thevictimtestifiedthatsheimmediatelyjumpedupandranfromtheroom ' #' becauseshewasscaredthattheywouldshoot. (#(  X XInordertosupportaconvictionforaggravatedassaultthestatemustprovethatthe l*%* defendantcommittedaknowingorintentionalassault,asdefinedinTennesseeCodeAnnotated R+&+ section39-13-101,andcausedseriousbodilyinjuryorusedordisplayedadeadlyweapon.Tenn. 8,',       CodeAnn.39-13-102(a)(1)(A)(B).Apersoncommitsanassaultifheintentionallyor  knowinglycausesbodilyinjuryorcausesanothertoreasonablyfearimminentbodilyinjury.  Tenn.CodeAnn.39-13-101(a)(1)(2).Apersonactsintentionally withrespecttothenature | oftheconductortoaresultoftheconductwhenitistheperson'sconsciousobjectiveordesireto b engageintheconductorcausetheresult.Tenn.CodeAnn.39-11-302(a).Oneacts H knowinglywhen withrespecttoaresultoftheperson'sconductwhenthepersonisawarethat . ~ theconductisreasonablycertaintocausetheresult.Tenn.CodeAnn.39-11-302(b).  d   J Accordingtotheindictment,thedefendantandhiscodefendant intentionallyor  0 knowinglydidcauseFatimaY.Jonestoreasonablyfearimminentbodilyinjury...anddiduse    ordisplayadeadlyweapon,to-wit:ashortbarrelshotgun,inviolationofTennesseeCode    Annotated39-13-102.    X  X  Viewingthevictimstestimonyinthelightmostfavorabletothestate,weconcludethat ^  itwassufficienttoestablishtheelementsofaggravatedassaultandsupportthejurysfindingof D  guiltbeyondareasonabledoubt.Thevictimstestimonythatsheranfromtheroombecauseshe *z  wasafraidthatthecodefendantwouldshootsupportsafindingthatshewasinfearofimminent ` bodilyinjury.Additionally,thevictimtestifiedthatthecodefendantdisplayedadeadly F weapon,whichestablishedthattheassaultwasaggravated. ,   WithrespecttowhetherthedefendantsconductconstitutedaggravatedassaultofMs.  Jones,thestatepointsoutthatthedefendant,asapartytotheoffense,iscriminallyresponsible  fortheconductofthecodefendant.Weagree.Adefendantmaybefoundcriminally t responsiblefortheconductofanotherif, [a]ctingwithintenttopromoteorassistthe Z commissionoftheoffense,ortobenefitintheproceedsorresultsoftheoffense,[he]solicits, @ directs,aids,orattemptstoaidanotherpersontocommittheoffense.Tenn.CodeAnn. &v 39-11-402(2)(1997).Thus, itisnecessarythat[the]accusedinsomesortassociatehimself  \ withtheventure,actwithknowledgethatanoffenseistobecommitted,andshareinthe B criminalintentoftheprincipalinthefirstdegree;thesamecriminalintentmustexistinthe ( mindsofboth.Statev.Carson,950S.W.2d951,954(Tenn.1997)(quotingJenkinsv.State,  509S.W.2d240,245(Tenn.Crim.App.1974)).   X  X  Althoughadefendant'smerepresenceduringthecommissionofacrimewillnotrender p!  himcriminallyresponsiblefortheconductofanother, [n]oparticularact[bythedefendant] V"! needbeshown.Statev.Jones,15S.W.3d880,890(Tenn.Crim.App.1999).Thatistosay,it <#" isnotnecessarythatthedefendanttookphysicalpartinthecrime; [e]ncouragementofthe "$r# principalissufficient.Id.󀀀Moreover, [p]resenceandcompanionshipwiththeperpetratorofa %X $ felonybeforeandafterthecommissionoftheoffensearecircumstancesfromwhichone's %>!% participationinthecrimemaybeinferred.Statev.Ball,973S.W.2d288,293(Tenn.Crim. &$"& App.1998). ' #'  X XTheevidenceintheinstantcasewassufficientforthejurytofindthatthedefendantwas )$) criminallyresponsiblefortheconductofthecodefendant.Accordingtothevictimstestimony, l*%* thedefendantandthecodefendantenteredherbedroomtogether.Thevictimtestifiedthatthe R+&+ defendantstoodbesidethecodefendantwhilehedemandedmoneyfromherboyfriendand 8,',       whilehedisplayedthegun.Thedefendantremainedwiththecodefendantafterthevictimran  fromtheroom.Additionally,thevictimtestifiedthatthedefendantandthecodefendantranout  ofthehousetogether,randownahill,and disappearedinthedark.Furthermore,thevictims | boyfriend,DaltonPitts,testifiedthatthedefendant,andnotthecodefendant,wastheperson b whoenteredtheroomwiththeguninhispants.Mr.Pittstestifiedthatthecodefendantasked H forhismoney.WhenMr.Pittsrefusedtogiveittohim,thecodefendantaskedthedefendant . ~ forthegun.Mr.Pittstestifiedthatthedefendantcompliedandremainedwiththecodefendant  d whilehefiredthegunintothemattressbesideMr.Pittsandthentookhismoney.Mr.Pittsalso  J testifiedthatthecodefendanthandedthemoneytothedefendantandtheybothranfromthe  0 roomandoutofthehouse.     X XWeconcludethattheevidencewassufficienttosupporttheconvictionforthe   aggravatedassaultofMs.Jones.ItisevidentfromthetestimonyofMs.JonesandMr.Pittsthat x  thedefendantwasactinginconcertwiththecodefendantandthusiscriminallyresponsiblefor ^  theconductofthecodefendant.Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed. D   X h___________________________________ t JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS,JUDGE Z #XّXX*Xّp3# hXXّ