ÿWPC¶! —£˜Ô޼\…Õ² .ÏZeh»byÈ4\ë’×9#ìZ‹þ+4é-«ºŽôpÑÎ87EÍijpFk<)´¢Ô|ôÖ˜~´~´SúèdZVû³s/"‡Ê*P¼¶¸%Xùðcþà›%8ºjVõ`Oüp®00ýk?ué€}½l7䀶h®´œï®¿ƒ¼öâ*M£yˆ&í\ åà1F[ó î•fp1°Â.–i5Ó[(‚6ð*¬ádxvëqG-ºf:ÉÈD;ä#kß9ÿ×ßi({jÂÌéÓÞ¹êwíÛÐe‰B| åì…N-)Häü¾Löe§i$`º•h=}L¬» À5ÜÖ¡j·ÎX õm³KÈO É£ £ŸIY3Û®ä² Îû4Z•«FD’sXCLÎHª²‹U‡ðXù†mÇ«T@æáŽàLwHÆq¶KY>%*>SLEÂx’%­ŸÈdkp,Æ×œÏ ‹P¾‹Îðhù Z¢Ç¿H¡÷l&]–Ç&lSy¥óã®”ÖI¦2J.b{†”›ãi†ç4tã¹CáŽø¦0‰¦“sö—A,í­€fÞÒ­÷w„Ø>/¸5¨Ž¸EÒ÷«¾*”Ë {…UBF %ˆ U.Ž ¼ nXÌ 0P$ 4t ¶ˆ 0Ò> 0cw@sU:³U:íU:'¶a-UBDU:†U.À-îUB#U:eU:Ÿ¶ÙUBU:ÑU. è9U:!è[U:CCCC B}}}}}} D3ššš 0DÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ AO Æ` ` 0D&! D/j! B™!<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|XX«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓuM% ¬Ý ƒ 7$ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ô×ôXXÔÔ€ô"¶ôôô×Ôà œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô"¶ôôô"¶ÔWe€note€that€the€record€fails€to€include€a€transcript€of€the€instructions€as€read€to€the€jury.€Ð `  ÐFailure€to€include€a€transcript€normally€waives€review€of€appellate€issues€pertaining€to€jury€instructionsÏbecause€without€a€complete€record,€it€is€impossible€for€this€Court€to€discern€whether€the€written€juryÏinstruction€conforms€to€the€instructions€as€read€to€the€jury€and€thus,€whether€error€actually€occurred.€ÏòòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€24(b);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€623€S.W.2d€129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).Ô#†ô"¶ôôô"¶©#Ô€€In€the€instant€case,Ð €  Ðhowever,€we€will€review€the€issue€presented,€as€the€State€does€not€dispute€that€the€requested€specialÏjury€instruction€was€not€read€to€the€jury.(‚(2÷$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€ô“ôXXÔÔ€ôÔÊôôô“Ôà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó("ˆ$Ô€ X<=XXXÔòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó DEDFDGH+I+JKDLÓ€Vg"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular ¬Ý ƒ 7$ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ô×ôXXÔÔ€ô"¶ôôô×Ôà œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô"¶ôôô"¶ÔWe€note€that€the€record€fails€to€include€a€transcript€of€the€instructions€as€read€to€the€jury.€Ð `  ÐFailure€to€include€a€transcript€normally€waives€review€of€appellate€issues€pertaining€to€jury€instructionsÏbecause€without€a€complete€record,€it€is€impossible€for€this€Court€to€discern€whether€the€written€juryÏinstruction€conforms€to€the€instructions€as€read€to€the€jury€and€thus,€whether€error€actually€occurred.€ÏòòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€24(b);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€623€S.W.2d€129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).Ô#†ô"¶ôôô"¶©#Ô€€In€the€instant€case,Ð €  Ðhowever,€we€will€review€the€issue€presented,€as€the€State€does€not€dispute€that€the€requested€specialÏjury€instruction€was€not€read€to€the€jury. #Ý ƒ 7$ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ô×ôXXÔÔ€ô"¶ôôô×Ôà œ àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ ô"¶ôôô"¶ÔThe€length€of€this€sentence€is€not€challenged€on€appeal.Ô#†ô"¶ôô ô"¶©#Ô<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular%ä2¼A`ArialTT #Ý ƒ 7$ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ô×ôXXÔÔ€ô"¶ôôô×Ôà œ àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô"¶ôôô"¶ÔThe€length€of€this€sentence€is€not€challenged€on€appeal.Ô#†ô"¶ôô ô"¶©#Ô<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular ¬Ý ƒ 7$ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ô×ôXXÔÔ€ô"¶ôôô×Ôà œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô"¶ôôô"¶ÔWe€note€that€the€record€fails€to€include€a€transcript€of€the€instructions€as€read€to€the€jury.€Ð `  ÐFailure€to€include€a€transcript€normally€waives€review€of€appellate€issues€pertaining€to€jury€instructionsÏbecause€without€a€complete€record,€it€is€impossible€for€this€Court€to€discern€whether€the€written€juryÏinstruction€conforms€to€the€instructions€as€read€to€the€jury€and€thus,€whether€error€actually€occurred.€ÏòòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€24(b);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€623€S.W.2d€129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).Ô#†ô"¶ôôô"¶©#Ô€€In€the€instant€case,Ð €  Ðhowever,€we€will€review€the€issue€presented,€as€the€State€does€not€dispute€that€the€requested€specialÏjury€instruction€was€not€read€to€the€jury.<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular%ä2¼A`ArialTT ÞÔ€X¹ XXXÔÔ€¦$ XX¹ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X¹ X ¦$ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€30,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÞÔ€ X¹ XXXÔÔ€ ¦$ X X¹ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X¹ X  ¦$ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€19,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d$$$$'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  ÝñLñ›ñLñÑ` °ÑÑX°ÑÒPDÒÒŽ¦ÒÑ  ÑÑTR[  AØ'Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÔ€XùXXXÔÑ7€ ù XXdðdÈ7ÑñVññLñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@Eêf ` 8ttxP"` ð  rßñLññVññVñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@Eêf ` 8ttxP"` ð  rßñVññLñ›ñLñà ¨ àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@uu:MàAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌÓ  Óà@ÑÑ7MàAUGUST€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ° àà  àà ` à)ó óÐ Ðp  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àò ò)ó óà ¸ àò òC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9708„CC„00352ó óÐ À`  Ðà ¨ àà àAppellee,à ° àò ò€€€€€à  àà ` à)Ð °P  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àPERRY€COUNTYó óÐ  @  ÐVS.à ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àò ò)Ð 0  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àHON.€CORNELIA€A.€CLARK,Ð €  ÐMARK€C.€WEATHERLY,à ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àJUDGEÐ p Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` à)Ìà ¨ àà àó óAppellant.ò òà ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àœó ó(First„Degree›€Murder;€Theft)ò òÐ Pð Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà ° àà  àà ` à€€€€€òòà ¸ àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:óóÐ ° ÐÌÌò òJOHN€H.€HENDERSONà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ à€ Ðó óPublic€Defenderà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Ð p Ðà ¨ à„and„Ìò òVANESSA€P.€BRYANó óà ° àò òà  àà ` àà ¸ àLISA€A.€NAYLORó óÐ °"P ÐAsst.€Public€Defenderà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÐ  #@ ÐP.O.€Box€68à àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àJohn€Sevier€Bldg.Ð $0 ÐFranklin,€TN€œ€37065„0068›à ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ à425€Fifth€Ave.,€Northà ! àà p# à€€€€€€Ð €%  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà ¨ àà àÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àò òJOE€D.€BAUGHó óÐ P(ð! Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àò òà  àà ` àà ¸ àDONALD€W.€SCHWENDIMANNó óÐ  +À!$ Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ à481€East€Main€St.Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àHohenwald,€TN€œ€38462›Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÐ `6-0 ÐÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÐ 09Ð/3 ÐJudgeÌÐ  ;°15¿ ÐÑXÑÓ  Óà@™™:Màò òòòÔ‡¼'&¼XXùÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ#†XùX¼¼'&«#ԈР`  ÐÌÌó óóóÌÓÓà ¨ àà àFollowing€a€jury€trial,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€first„degree€murderÏand€theft€of€property€worth€five€hundred€dollars€($500)€or€less.€€The€trial€court€sentencedÏthe€defendant€to€life€in€prison€on€the€murder€charge€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nineÏdays€in€county€jail€for€the€theft€conviction,€to€run€consecutively€to€the€life€sentence.€€TheÏdefendant€now€appeals,€arguing€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€request€for€aÏspecial€jury€instruction€on€circumstantial€evidence;€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€toÏsupport€convictions€for€first„degree€murder€and€theft;€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÏordering€his€sentences€to€run€consecutively.€€We€affirm€the€defendantððs€convictions€andÏsentence.ÌÌà ¨ àà àLynda€Cotham€Dutton,€who€was€once€married€to€the€defendantððs€nowÏdeceased€brother,€saw€the€defendant€for€the€first€time€in€six€years€in€a€local€bar€on€JuneÏ3,€1996.€€The€defendant€introduced€Lynda€to€a€woman€named€Mary€Margaret€Lodge€Lee,Ïa€woman€he€said€he€had€ð ðbeen€withðð€for€a€few€years.€€At€the€time,€the€defendant€andÏMary€were€renting€a€room€at€a€local€motel,€but€neither€œwñDñasñDñ›€employed.€€Lynda€invited€theÏdefendant€and€Mary€to€live€with€her.€€The€defendant€and€Mary€moved€into€Lyndaððs€houseÏthat€weekend.ÌÌà ¨ àà àLynda,€the€defendant,€and€Mary€would€regularly€socialize€together€byÏfrequenting€a€nearby€bar€called€Cubððs€Den€every€afternoon.€€Towards€the€end€of€June,Ïa€romantic€relationship€developed€between€Lynda€and€the€defendant;€they€were€planningÏto€be€married€on€July€21.€€Lynda€and€the€defendant€moved€out€of€the€house€and€in€withÏa€friend,€Alan€Duncan,€leaving€Mary€alone€in€the€house€the€three€had€been€renting.€€€OneÐ †6&-0 Ðevening,€while€Lynda€and€the€defendant€were€at€Cubððs€Den,€the€defendant€told€a€waitressÏthat€ð ðthey€were€going€to€get€rid€ofðð€Mary.ÌÌà ¨ àà àEven€though€Mary€no€longer€joined€Lynda€and€the€defendant€in€their€dailyÏvisits€to€Cubððs€Den,€the€defendant€continued€to€see€Mary€on€occasion€after€he€and€LyndaÏmoved€out.€€On€July€3,€he€borrowed€a€car€from€Lynda€to€drive€Mary€to€pick€up€her€socialÏsecurity€check.€€Later€that€evening,€the€defendant€and€Lynda€visited€Cubððs€Den.€€With€aÏstack€of€twenty€dollar€bills,€the€defendant€paid€their€bar€tab€and€bought€ð ðeverybody€beer.ðð€ÌÌà ¨ àà àDuring€the€next€few€days,€Mary€prepared€to€move€out€of€the€house€she€hadÏbeen€renting.€€She€told€her€neighbor,€Lisa,€that€she€and€the€defendant€were€movingÏduring€the€weekend€of€July€7€to€a€house€they€had€previously€viewed,€and€she€solicitedÏthe€help€of€Lisa€and€her€son€in€loading€her€things€in€a€truck.€€In€the€early€afternoon€of€JulyÏ7,€Lisa€took€a€telephone€call€for€Mary.€€The€caller€told€Lisa,€ð ðThis€is€Mark.€€Can€you€tellÏMary€Iððll€be€late?ððÌÌà ¨ àà àLater€that€afternoon,€the€defendant€and€Lynda€went€to€a€bridge€at€LickÏCreek€to€go€fishing.€€This€location€was€a€ten€to€twenty€minute€drive€from€Alan€DuncanððsÏhouse,€where€the€defendant€and€Lynda€were€living€at€the€time.€€Later€that€afternoon,ÏLynda€and€the€defendant€returned€home.€€That€evening,€Lynda€called€in€an€order€forÏsome€fish€from€a€local€restaurant.€€On€her€way€to€the€restaurant€to€pick€up€the€fish,€sheÏdropped€the€defendant€off€at€Maryððs€house,€where€she€noticed€a€truck€backed€into€theÏdriveway€with€its€bed€covered€with€a€green€tarp.€€Maryððs€neighbor€watched€as€Mary€metÏwith€the€defendant.€€That€was€the€last€Maryððs€neighbor€saw€of€Mary.ÌÐ `6-0 Ðà ¨ àà àA€woman€who€lives€near€the€bridge€at€Lick€Creek€heard€a€gun€shot€aroundÏ9:00€to€9:30€p.m.€€Her€husband€convinced€her€someone€was€hunting,€so€the€noise€wasÏnot€investigated.ÌÌà ¨ àà àThe€defendant€returned€home€around€10:20€p.m.€driving€the€truck€that€hadÏbeen€at€Maryððs€house€earlier€that€day.€€The€truck€was€still€packed€with€Maryððs€personalÏbelongings€and€covered€with€green€tarp.€€Lynda€asked€the€defendant€if€he€had€takenÏMary€to€the€interstate€so€that€she€could€hitchhike€to€California.€€The€defendant€respondedÏaffirmatively€and€stated€that€he€had€watched€Mary€get€into€a€car€with€two€men.ÌÌà ¨ àà àMaryððs€body€was€found€the€next€day,€July€8,€near€the€bridge€at€Lick€Creek.€ÏShe€had€a€gunshot€wound,€caused€by€a€large€caliber€bullet€such€as€a€.357€caliber€gun,Ïto€the€back€of€her€head€and€an€exit€wound€between€her€eyebrows.€€The€nature€of€theÏwound€indicated€that€the€muzzle€of€the€gun€had€been€greater€than€twenty„four€inchesÏfrom€the€victimððs€head€when€the€bullet€was€fired.€€The€nature€of€the€wound€also€indicatedÏthat€the€bullet€would€have€caused€immediate€unconsciousness€and€death.€€Later€that€day,Ïthe€defendant€unloaded€the€back€of€the€Ford€truck€he€had€driven€home€the€previousÏnight.€€The€truck€was€filled€with€boxes€and€bags€of€Maryððs€clothing€and€other€belongings.€ÏThe€defendant€and€Lynda€also€went€to€Cubððs€Den,€where€the€defendant€paid€their€barÏtab.ÌÌà ¨ àà àThat€evening,€Lynda€spoke€with€the€authorities,€telling€them€that€she€andÏthe€defendant€had€been€to€the€bridge€at€Lick€Creek€the€previous€day.€€Police€authoritiesÏalso€questioned€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€was€asked€whether€he€could€identify€theÏvictim€from€photographs€taken€at€the€crime€scene,€and€the€defendant€replied€that€he€didÐ `6-0 Ðnot€know€the€victim.€€When€questioned€by€an€agent€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÏInvestigation,€however,€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€had€met€the€victim€in€CaliforniaÏand€had€known€her€for€three€years.€€He€also€claimed€that€on€July€7,€he€did€not€leaveÏhome€the€entire€evening.ÌÌà ¨ àà àLynda€and€Alan€Duncan€checked€Alanððs€gun€collection,€which€was€kept€inÏan€unlocked€gun€cabinet€in€Alanððs€house.€€They€discovered€that€one€of€the€guns,€a€.357Ïcaliber€Magnum€pistol€that€had€been€fully€loaded€a€month€or€two€prior,€had€an€empty€shellÏcasing.€€Lynda€threw€the€cartridge€away,€but€at€Alanððs€request,€later€retrieved€it€from€theÏgarbage€can€and€set€it€on€the€dresser.€€The€cartridge€was€later€found€by€police€in€theÏgarbage€can,€where€police€authorities€also€found€a€keyring€with€the€name€ð ðMaryðð€on€it,Ïlatex€gloves,€and€two€love€letters€from€the€defendant€to€Mary.€€The€letters€referred€to€MaryÏas€the€defendantððs€ð ðprecious€wifeðð€and€were€signed€as€ð ðhusband€Mark.ðð€€No€fingerprintsÏor€DNA€evidence€were€found€at€the€scene€of€the€crime€or€on€any€of€the€items€recovered,Ïincluding€Alanððs€.357€caliber€Magnum€pistol.€€The€bullet€was€also€not€recovered.ÌÌà ¨ àà àOn€July€10,€a€waitress€at€Cubððs€Den€read€an€article€in€the€local€newspaperÏabout€the€murder.€€The€article€described€the€victim.€€The€waitress€anonymouslyÏtelephoned€the€police€department€and€told€the€authorities€that€she€thought€the€victim€wasÏMary.€€She€later€spoke€with€police€officers€and€was€able€to€identify€Maryððs€body€andÏclothing€from€the€crime„scene€photographs.ÌÌà ¨ àà àOn€these€facts,€a€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€œfirst„degree›€murder€andÏtheft€of€property€valued€five€hundred€dollars€($500)€or€less.€€Following€a€sentencingÏhearing,€the€defendant€was€sentenced€to€life€incarceration€for€œfirst„degree›€murder€and€aÐ `6-0 Ðconsecutive€sentence€of€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€incarceration€for€theft.€€TheÏdefendant€now€appeals.ÌÌà ¨ àà àThe€defendant€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€give€the€juryÏa€special€instruction€on€circumstantial€evidence.€€During€the€jury€charge€conference,Ïdefense€counsel€requested€the€following€special€instruction:ÌÓÓà8 ¨ àBefore€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€a€criminal€offense€based€uponÏcircumstantial€evidence€alone,€the€facts€and€circumstances€must€be€soÏstrong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesis€saveÏthe€guilt€of€the€defendant.€€A€web€of€guilt€must€be€woven€around€theÏdefendant€from€which€the€defendant€cannot€escape€and€from€which€factsÏand€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonable€inference€saveÏthe€œguiltñEñyñEñ›€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð ¨ ò"¨ ò" ÐÌÓ-ÓThis€special€instruction€is€based€on€language€found€in€òòState€v.€Wilsonóó,€924€S.W.2d€648,Ð  À Ð649€(Tenn.€1996)(quoting€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€478,€470€S.W.2d€610€(1971)).€Ð   ÐThe€trial€judge€denied€the€defendantððs€request,€stating,€ð ðI€do€find€that€the€pattern€chargeÏsubstantially€repeats€that€language,€although€not€perhaps€quite€as€eloquently,€it€has€beenÏapproved€many€times€and€I€believe€it€is€adequate€to€charge€the€jury€today.ððÌÌà ¨ àà àThe€written€jury€instructions€included€in€the€record€reflect€the€followingÏinstruction€on€circumstantial€evidence:ÌÓÓà8 ¨ àà àCircumstantial€evidence€consists€of€proof€of€collateral€facts€andÏcircumstances€which€do€not€directly€prove€the€fact€in€issue€but€from€whichÏthat€fact€may€be€logically€inferred.Ð ¨ ò"¨ ò" ÐÌà8 ¨ àà àWhen€the€evidence€if€made€up€entirely€of€circumstantial€evidence,Ïthen€before€you€would€be€justified€in€finding€the€defendant€guilty,€you€mustÏfind€that€all€the€essential€facts€are€consistent€with€the€hypothesis€of€guiltÏand€the€facts€must€exclude€every€other€reasonable€theory€or€hypothesisÏexcept€that€of€guilt;€and€the€facts€must€establish€such€a€certainty€of€guilt€ofÏthe€defendant€as€to€convince€the€mind€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€theÏdefendant€is€the€one€who€committed€the€offense.Ð ¨ ò"¨ ò" ÐÌà8 ¨ àà àIt€is€not€necessary€that€each€particular€fact€should€be€proved€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt€if€enough€facts€are€proved€to€satisfy€the€jury€beyond€aÐ P7ð-1 Ðreasonable€doubt€of€all€the€facts€necessary€to€constitute€the€crimeÏcharged.ñHññIñ׃×ñIññIñ׃×ñIññHññHñ׃×ñHñÝ ƒ ˆÝÔ€ XÙ¤XXXÙ¤ÔòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÓH2ÓÐP ð¨ ò"¨ ò" ÐÌThis€instruction€is€substantially€similar€to€T.P.I.„Crim.€42.03€(4th€ed.€1997),€which€hasÏbeen€cited€with€approval€by€this€Court.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Charles€W.€Sandersonóó,€No.Ð ð Ð01C01-9608-CR-00384,€Wilson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€filed€September€19,€1997,€atÏNashville).€€When€the€instructions€given€are€a€correct€statement€of€the€law€and€fully€andÏfairly€explain€the€applicable€law,€it€is€not€error€for€a€trial€judge€to€refuse€to€give€a€specialÏinstruction€requested€by€a€party.€€òòState€v.€Bohananóó,€745€S.W.2d€892,€897€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð p ÐApp.€1987);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€151€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€instruction€atÐ Pð Ðissue€here€was€accurate€and€fully€and€fairly€explained€the€applicable€law€on€circumstantialÏevidence.€€The€defendantððs€requested€instruction€is€nothing€but€a€restatement,€albeit€aÏfancier€restatement,€of€the€same€legal€principles€embodied€by€T.P.I.„Crim.€42.03€and€theÏinstruction€given€by€the€trial€court.€€The€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€to€give€theÏdefendantððs€proposed€special€instruction€instead€of€the€instruction€given.ÌÌà ¨ àà àNext,€the€defendant€challenges€his€convictions€for€œfirst„degree›€murder€andÏtheft€of€property€valued€five€hundred€dollars€($500)€or€less,€arguing€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€his€convictions.€€When€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€convicting€evidence,€we€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution€in€determining€whether€ð ðòòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÐ ð-$' Ðessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Ð Ð/p&) ÐU.S.€307,€319€(1979);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€We€doÐ `  Ðnot€reweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidence€and€are€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€proof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€andÏlegitimate€infer‚ences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€proof.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÐ   Ð832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà ¨ àà àAs€applicable€to€this€case,€œfirst„degree›€murder€is€the€premeditated€andÏintentional€killing€of€another€person.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€(1997).€€Our€LegislatureÏhas€defined€ð ðpremeditationðð€as€ð ðan€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€of€judgmentððÏand€without€excitement€or€passion.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€Here,€the€evidence€showed€that€theÏdefendantððs€relationship€with€the€victim€had€become€complicated,€to€say€the€least.€€TheÏdefendant€œhad€had›€an€intimate€relationship€with€the€victim€for€several€years.€€When€heÏand€the€victim€moved€in€with€Lynda,€however,€things€began€to€get€messy:€The€defendantÏdeveloped€another€intimate€relationship€with€Lynda,€which€caused€he€and€Lynda€to€moveÏout€of€the€house€and€in€with€Alan,€a€friend€of€Lyndaððs.€€Apparently,€however,€theÏdefendantððs€intimate€relationship€with€Lynda€did€not€cause€the€end€of€his€intimateÏrelationship€with€the€victim.€€The€defendant€wrote€love€letters€to€the€victim,€in€which€heÏcalled€the€victim€his€ð ðprecious€wifeðð€and€referred€to€himself€as€her€ð ðhusband.ðð€€TheÏromantic€feelings€conveyed€by€these€love€letters€were€consistent€with€the€victimððs€beliefÏthat€on€the€weekend€of€July€7,€she€and€the€defendant€were€again€moving€in€together€inÏa€house€they€had€previously€viewed€and€selected€together.ÌÌà ¨ àà àMeanwhile,€however,€the€defendant€had€announced€his€plans€to€marryÏLynda€later€in€July.€€The€defendant€said€he€intended€to€ð ðget€rid€ofðð€the€victim.€€On€theÏnight€the€victim€was€killed,€the€defendant€was€the€last€person€to€be€seen€with€her.Ð `6-0 Їà ¨ àà àNear€the€crime€scene,€which€the€defendant€had€visited€earlier€that€day,€aÏgun€shot€was€heard€between€9:00€and€9:30€that€night.€€The€defendant€returned€home,Ïwhich€was€only€a€ten€to€twenty€minute€drive€from€the€crime€scene,€around€10:20€p.m.€ÏWhen€the€defendant€returned€home,€he€was€driving€the€truck€that€had€previously€beenÏat€the€victimððs€house.€€He€lied€to€Lynda€by€telling€her€he€had€driven€the€victim€œñFñañFñtñGñoñGñ›€theÏinterstate€so€she€could€hitchhike€to€California€and€that€he€had€seen€her€accept€a€ride€fromÏtwo€men.€€He€also€lied€to€the€police€about€his€whereabouts€the€evening€of€the€murder,Ïtelling€them€he€was€home€the€entire€evening.€€His€failure€to€identify€the€victim€whenÏshown€photographs€of€the€crime€scene€is€also€suspicious:€He€told€the€police€he€did€notÏknow€the€victim€pictured€in€the€photographs,€even€though€he€had€known€the€victimÏintimately€for€years,€whereas€a€waitress€at€a€local€bar,€a€mere€casual€acquaintance€of€theÏvictimððs,€identified€the€victimððs€body€and€clothing€from€the€same€photographs.ÌÌà ¨ àà àThe€victim€was€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head€by€a€large€caliber€gun,€such€asÏa€.357,€from€a€distance€of€more€than€twenty„four€inches.€€The€defendant€had€readyÏaccess€to€a€.357€caliber€Magnum€pistol,€which€was€kept€in€an€unlocked€gun€cabinet€inÏAlanððs€house,€where€the€defendant€was€staying.€€The€.357€caliber€Magnum€pistol,€whichÏhad€been€fully€loaded€a€month€or€two€prior€to€the€murder,€carried€a€spent€shell€just€a€dayÏor€two€after€the€murder.€€Although€no€fingerprints€were€found€on€the€pistol,€latex€glovesÏwere€found€in€the€trash€can€at€Alanððs€house,€the€same€trash€can€that€also€contained€theÏvictimððs€keyring€and€love€letters€from€the€defendant€to€the€victim.ÌÌà ¨ àà àThe€totality€of€these€circumstances,€considered€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€State,€justifies€the€conclusion€that€after€the€exercise€of€judgment,€and€withoutÏexcitement€or€passion,€the€defendant€intentionally€killed€the€victim.€€òòSeeóó€ðð€39„13„Ð `6-0 Ð202(a)(1),€(d).€€As€such,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€convictionÏfor€œfirst„degree,›€premeditated€murder.ÌÌà ¨ àà àTheft€occurs€when€a€person,€with€the€intent€to€deprive€the€owner€ofÏproperty,€ð ðknowingly€obtains€or€exercises€control€over€the€property€without€the€ownerððsÏeffective€consent.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„14„103€(1997).€€Here,€because€the€victim€believed€thatÏshe€and€the€defendant€were€moving€in€together€on€the€weekend€of€July€7,€she€solicitedÏthe€help€of€her€neighbors€in€packing€her€belongings€in€boxes€and€placing€them€in€theÏback€of€a€pick„up€truck.€€Following€the€victimððs€murder,€the€defendant€returned€home,Ïdriving€that€same€truck.€€The€next€day,€the€defendant€began€unpacking€some€of€theÏvictimððs€belongings€from€the€truck.€€The€victimððs€keyring€and€love€letters€addressed€to€herÏwere€later€found€in€the€trash€can€in€Alanððs€house.€€These€circumstances€are€sufficient€toÏsupport€a€conviction€for€theft€of€property€under€ðð€39„14„103.ÌÌà ¨ àà àFinally,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€his€elevenÏmonth,€twenty„nine€day€sentence€for€theft€to€run€consecutively€to€his€life€sentence€for€œfirst„¼degree›€murder.€€The€presentence€report,€as€corrected€by€the€parties€during€theÏsentencing€hearing,€reflects€that€the€defendant,€who€was€thirty„seven€years€old€at€theÏtime€of€the€murder,€has€fifteen€prior€convictions,€which€include€the€following:Ïmisdemeanor€theft,€five€counts€of€petit€larceny,€burglary,€two€counts€of€œthird„degree›Ïburglary,€aggravated€assault,€aggravated€kidnapping,€attempted€felonious€escape,Ïobtaining€property€by€false€pretense,€and€federal€convictions€for€burglary€of€a€post€officeÏand€theft.€€The€defendant€admits€he€has€abused€alcohol€and€used€marijuana.€€NeitherÏparty€presented€any€testimony€or€evidence€other€than€the€presentence€report€at€theÏsentencing€hearing.Ð `6-0 Їà ¨ àà àFor€the€œfirst„degree›€murder€charge,€because€the€State€did€not€seek€theÏdeath€penalty€or€a€life€sentence€without€the€possibility€of€parole,€the€trial€court€imposedÏa€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€with€the€possibility€of€parole.€€For€the€theft€charge,€basedÏon€the€existence€of€several€enhancing€factors€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€courtÏimposed€a€sentence€of€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€œincarcerationñKñ€ñKñ›œñKñonñKññJñ€the€theftÏchargeñJñ.ñHñ›×ƒ×ñHññHñ׃×ñHñÝ ƒ ˆÝÔ€ XÙ¤XX XÙ¤ÔòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trialÐ à€ Ðcourt€then€turned€to€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„115€in€order€to€determine€whether€the€theft€sentenceÏshould€run€consecutively€to€the€murder€sentence.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€defendantÏis€a€ð ðprofessional€criminalðð€who€has€knowingly€devoted€his€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€majorÏsource€of€income,€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1);€that€the€defendant€is€an€offender€with€an€extensiveÏrecord€of€criminal€activity,€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2);€and€that€the€defendant€is€a€ð ðdangerousÏoffenderðð€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€forÏcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high,€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).€€As€such,Ïthe€trial€court€ordered€the€defendantððs€eleven€month,€twenty„nine€day€sentence€for€theftÏto€run€consecutively€to€his€life€sentence€for€œfirst„degree›€murder.ÌÌà ¨ àà àA€defendant€who€fits€into€any€of€the€categories€enumerated€under€ðð€40„35„¼115(b)€qualifies€for€consecutive€sentencing.€€Here,€the€record€reflects€that€the€defendantÏhas€fifteen€prior€convictions,€fourteen€of€which€are€felony€offenses.€€Additionally,€theÏdefendant€admits€he€has€used€marijuana.€€These€circumstances€justify€a€finding€that€theÏdefendant€has€an€extensive€record€of€criminal€activity.€€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2).ÌÌà ¨ àà àð ðWhen€a€defendant€falls€within€the€statutory€classifications€for€eligibility€toÏbe€considered€for€consecutive€sentencing,€the€only€remaining€considerations€are€whetherÏ(1)€the€sentences€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€misconduct€byÐ €4 +. Ðthe€defendant€and€(2)€ððthe€terms€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses.ðð"€Ð `  ÐòòState€v.€Zachery€L.€Barnesóó,€No.€01C01-9704-CC-00138,€Rutherford€County€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð  À ÐApp.€filed€March€5,€1998,€at€Nashville)(citing€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938Ð   Ð(Tenn.1995)).€€Here,€the€trial€court€failed€to€make€these€findings€on€the€record.€€Even€so,Ïthe€defendant€exhibits€a€disregard€for€authority€and€refusal€to€adjust€his€behavior€toÏsocietyððs€standards,€as€evidenced€by€his€history€of€violating€parole€and€his€conviction€forÏattempted€felonious€escape.€€Moreover,€the€defendantððs€behavior€has€escalated€to€aÏmore€violent€and€dangerous€nature,€i.e.,€the€premeditated€murder€of€a€victim€by€a€bulletÏto€the€back€of€the€head€from€a€distance€greater€than€two€feet,€followed€by€the€theft€of€theÏvictimððs€belongings.€€Under€such€circumstances,€consecutive€sentences€are€reasonablyÏrelated€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€to€protect€the€publicÏfrom€the€defendantððs€misconduct.€€òòSeeóó€òòBarnesóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01-9704-CC-00138.Ð à€ ÐÌà ¨ àà àThe€defendant€contends,€however,€that€based€on€the€authority€of€theÏunreported€case€of€òòState€v.€James€E.€Gordonóó,€No.€01C01„9611„CC„00495,€WilliamsonÐ €%  ÐCounty€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€February€5,€1998,€at€Nashville),€concurrent€sentencing€isÏmore€appropriate€than€consecutive€sentencing€in€the€instant€case.€€In€òòGordonóó,€theÐ @)à" Ðdefendant€was€convicted€of€œfirst„degree,›€premeditated€murder€and€aggravated€burglary.€ÏThe€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€life€in€prison€without€the€possibility€of€parole€on€theÏmurder€conviction€and€to€a€consecutive€six€year€sentence€in€prison€on€the€aggravatedÏburglary€conviction.€€On€appeal,€this€Court€noted€that€because€the€defendant€had€alreadyÏbeen€sentenced€to€spend€the€remainder€of€his€life€in€prison,€requiring€him€to€serve€aÏconsecutive€six€year€sentence€seemed€ð ðmeaningless€under€our€law.ðð€€òòJames€E.€Gordonóó,Ð €4 +. ÐNo.€01C01„9611„CC„00495,€slip€op.€at€21.€This€Court€further€noted€that€ð ða€consecutiveÐ `6-0 Ðsentence€would€not€serve€the€purpose€of€protecting€the€public€against€further€criminalÏconduct€for€a€defendant€who€has€already€been€sentenced€to€life€without€the€possibility€ofÏparole.ðð€€òòId.óó€€For€this€reason,€this€Court€modified€the€defendantððs€sentence€to€reflect€aÐ  À Ðconcurrent€sentence€rather€than€a€consecutive€sentence.€€òòId.óóÐ   ÐÌà ¨ àà àThe€reasoning€expressed€in€òòGordonóó€is€simply€inapplicable€to€the€instantÐ À`  Ðcase.€€Unlike€the€defendant€in€òòGordonóó,€the€defendant€here€was€sentenced€to€lifeÐ  @  Ðincarceration€with€the€later€possibility€of€parole.€€As€such,€consecutive€sentencing€would,Ïin€fact,€serve€to€protect€the€public€against€any€further€criminal€conduct€of€the€defendant.€ÏThus,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences.ÌÌà ¨ àà àFinding€no€merit€to€the€defendantððs€arguments,€we€affirm€the€defendantððsÏconvictions€and€sentence.ÌÌÓÓœñ?ñÌñ?ñ›à ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ à_______________________________Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌœñ@ñÌÌñ@ñCONCUR:›ÌÌœñAñÌÌñAñ______________________________›ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌL.€TERRY€LAFFERTY,€Special€œJudgeñBñÌñBñ›