ÿWPCÜ 4JèUN2 %€ 0†U:w@Ç4 0K* 0Du¹U .Á 0Jï 0@9 0Ty 0^Í 0h+ 0r“ 0| 0† 0 1u— 0d Bp D3 U>À U*þ B)(DCQ AQ”Æå 0D« 0Dï D/3 Bb AMãÌܯv~‹vÓ c:\office\wpwin\template\opinion.wpt(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ßZ>$¡¡Ò°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X³—XXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7€Å XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  Ñ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular ~DD€‚ƒD„D…e†Ó€’Œƒ*#x3|x’(û(3\x$¤¤Ý ƒZ>!ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XÁXXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€fXXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d 'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Times% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd*+,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd*(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÙÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òSeptemberÏ26,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€testified€his€name€is€Reginald€Orlando€Monroe.€€However,€heÏstated€he€also€goes€by€the€name€of€Reginald€O.€Webb.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€%ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý›Ó  ÓœÞ ÞÌIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE̜ـ*ÙßR€/0(A1-j|‰þE` à. `€€@ÿRß›ÌAT€JACKSONÌÌMARCH€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02„C„01„9601„CR„00040Ìà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àShelby€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà à)à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àJohn€P.€Colton,€Jr.,€JudgeÌREGINALD€O.€WEBB,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Second€Degree€Murder)Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌW.€Mark€Wardà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ147€Jefferson,€Suite€900à àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0497Ì(Appeal€Only)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àClinton€J.€MorganÌLoyce€D.€Lambertà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€201à àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947Ì(Trial€Only)à àà àà àà àà àWilliam€L.€GibbonsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌOF€COUNSEL:à àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301ÌA€C€Wharton,€Jr.à àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947ÌPublic€DefenderÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€201à àà àJames€M.€Lammey,€Jr.ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947à àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌò òÓ  ÓÔ€ ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÔ€„ÔÌÓ  ÓÔ€XÔÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Reginald€O.€Webb× ƒ1 ××  ×€(defendant),€was€convicted€of€murder€in€theÏsecond€degree,€a€Class€A€felony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court€found€that€theÏdefendant€was€a€standard€offender€and€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€consisting€ofÏconfinement€for€twenty€(20)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€this€Court€theÏdefendant€contends€(a)€the€evidence€was€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€support€aÏfinding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€that€he€was€guilty€of€murder€in€the€second€degree,€andÏ(b)€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicial€dimensions€by€instructing€the€jury€onÏflight€following€the€commission€of€a€criminal€offense.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€theÏrecord€and€the€briefs€submitted€by€the€parties,€it€is€this€Courtððs€opinion€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àOn€the€evening€of€December€18,€1993,€the€victim,€Quinton€Mitchell,€and€some€ofÏhis€friends€visited€the€Club€River€City.€€The€nightclub€was€located€at€the€intersection€ofÍJackson€Avenue€and€Dunlap€Street€in€Memphis.€€When€the€club€closed€on€theÏmorning€of€December€19,€1993,€at€approximately€3:30€a.m.,€there€was€a€confrontationÏbetween€the€victim,€the€defendant,€and€some€of€the€defendantððs€friends.€€It€appearsÏthere€was€an€earlier€confrontation€and€fight€the€week€before€between€some€of€theÏdefendantððs€friends€and€relatives€of€the€victim.€€The€victim€shouted€obscenities€to€theseÏindividuals€and€called€them€cowards.€€As€the€defendant€and€his€friends€were€walkingÏacross€Jackson€Avenue€in€front€of€the€nightclub,€the€victim€walked€toward€theÏdefendant€and€his€friends.Ìà àWhen€Ontario€Simpson,€known€as€ð ðLittle€Manðð€to€most€of€the€witnesses,Ïobjected€to€the€comments€made€by€the€victim,€the€victim€struck€Simpson€with€his€fist.€ÏThe€defendant€testified€he€thought€Simpson€was€too€small€to€fight€the€victim€who€was€aÏmuch€larger€man.€€The€defendant€asked€the€victim:€ð ðWhy€donððt€you€fight€me?ðð€€AÏfistfight€erupted€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim.€€A€friend€of€the€defendant€and€aÏfriend€of€the€victim€made€several€attempts€to€stop€the€fight.€€Eventually,€these€friendsÏwere€able€to€separate€the€defendant€and€the€victim,€and€the€parties€quit€fighting.Ìà àA€friend€of€the€defendant€retrieved€a€motor€vehicle€and€pulled€onto€JacksonÏAvenue.€€The€defendant€stopped€the€vehicle,€the€driver€opened€the€trunk€of€theÏvehicle,€and€the€defendant€retrieved€a€pistol€from€the€trunk.€€He€then€began€walkingÏtowards€the€victim€and€two€of€his€friends€who€were€standing€in€front€of€a€fast€foodÏestablishment.€€When€one€of€the€victimððs€friends€saw€that€the€defendant€was€armedÏwith€a€pistol,€he€told€the€victim€to€run.€€The€victim€stood€there€for€a€second.€€The€victimÏand€his€friends€then€ran€around€the€side€of€the€building€to€an€alley€and€began€runningÏdown€the€alley.€€The€defendant€chased€the€victim.€€He€fired€six€shots€from€the€pistol.€ÍOne€of€the€projectiles€struck€the€victim€in€the€back.€€He€died€shortly€after€being€shot.Ìà àAn€autopsy€was€performed€by€Dr.€Jerry€T.€Francisco.€€He€testified€the€victim€diedÏfrom€the€gunshot€wound€to€the€back.€€The€projectile€struck€large€vessels€in€the€chestÏand€the€heart.€€The€bullet€then€exited€through€the€victimððs€chest.Ìà àThe€defendant€and€his€witnesses€admitted€the€defendant€and€the€victim€foughtÏuntil€the€friends€separated€the€combatants.€€However,€all€of€these€witnesses€deniedÏthat€the€defendant€was€armed€with€a€pistol€and€the€defendant€shot€the€victim.€ÏAccording€to€these€witnesses,€they€heard€the€gunshots€while€the€defendant€and€theÏvictim€were€still€fighting.€€They€said€after€they€heard€gunshots,€they€fled€in€a€vehicle.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌò òà àó óThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€is€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€toÏsupport€his€conviction€for€murder€in€the€second€degree.€€He€argues€the€recordÏestablishes€the€offense€of€voluntary€manslaughter.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓA.Ìó óÌÓ  Óà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€thisÏCourt€must€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficientÏ"to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÍv.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).Ìà àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€€Nor€may€this€Court€substitute€itsÏinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.ÏStateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859,€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€352€U.S.€845,€77€S.Ct.Ï39,€1€L.Ed.2d€49€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€Court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€ofÏTennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€asÏwell€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€theÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€In€òòState€v.ÏGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973),€our€Supreme€Court€said:€€"A€guilty€verdictÏby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€theÏState€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."Ìà àSince€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€itÏwith€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€in€this€CourtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€returned€by€theÏtrier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€notÏdisturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€factsÏcontained€in€the€record€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏfind€that€the€accused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓB.ÌÓ  Óó óÌà àBefore€an€accused€can€be€convicted€of€murder€in€the€second€degree,€the€StateÏof€Tennessee€must€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€accused€ð ðknowingly€killedððÏthe€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a).€€Before€an€accused€can€be€convicted€ofÏvoluntary€manslaughter,€the€State€of€Tennessee€must€prove€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt€the€accused€(a)€intentionally€or€knowingly€killed€the€victim€and€(b)€the€accusedÏwas€ð ðin€a€state€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€aÏreasonable€person€to€act€in€an€irrational€manner.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„211(a).€ÏAs€a€general€rule,€whether€the€accused€killed€the€victim€in€the€heat€of€passion€asÏdefined€by€the€statute€is€a€question€which€the€jury€must€resolve€when€determiningÏwhether€the€killing€in€question€was€murder€in€the€second€degree€or€voluntaryÏmanslaughter.Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€jury€rejected€the€defendantððs€argument€that€he€killed€the€victimÏin€a€state€of€passion€by€finding€the€defendant€guilty€of€murder€in€the€second€degree.€ÏThe€evidence€supports€the€verdict€of€the€jury.Ìà àAs€previously€stated,€the€friends€of€the€defendant€and€the€victim€were€successfulÏin€stopping€the€fight.€€The€victim€retreated€to€the€corner€of€a€building.€€He€was€notÏarmed.€€The€defendant€walked€into€the€middle€of€Jackson€Avenue.€€He€signaled€hisÏfriend€who€had€brought€him€to€the€nightclub€to€stop€his€motor€vehicle.€€He€obtained€aÏpistol€from€the€trunk€of€the€vehicle.€€When€the€victim€realized€the€defendant€was€armed,Ïhe€ran€around€the€corner€of€a€building€with€two€of€his€friends.€€The€defendant€gaveÍchase.€€As€the€three€men€ran€along€an€alley€behind€the€buildings€on€the€north€side€ofÏJackson,€the€defendant€fired€six€shots.€€One€of€these€shots€struck€the€victim.€€When€theÏshots€were€fired,€the€victim€did€not€pose€a€threat€to€the€defendant.€€In€fact,€the€victimÏwas€running€away€from€the€defendant.€€In€short,€the€jury€could€conclude€from€theseÏfacts€sufficient€time€had€elapsed€between€the€fight€and€the€fatal€shooting€for€any€stateÏof€passion€which€may€have€existed€to€dissipate.€€The€defendant€could€and€shouldÏhave€gotten€into€the€vehicle€he€stopped€and€left€the€area.€€After€killing€the€victim,€theÏdefendant€left€the€scene€in€this€same€vehicle.Ìà àThis€Court€concludes€there€is€sufficient€evidence€contained€in€the€record€toÏsupport€a€finding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€the€defendant€was€guilty€of€murder€in€theÏsecond€degree€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€Thus,€this€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓII.ÌÌÓ  Óó óà àWhen€the€trial€court€advised€counsel€the€court€was€going€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏthe€law€of€flight,€defense€counsel€objected€to€giving€the€instruction.€€Counsel€arguedÏthat€while€the€defendant€left€the€situs€of€the€crime,€he€did€not€hide€from€the€police€orÏconceal€himself.€€The€State€of€Tennessee€urged€the€trial€court€to€include€a€flightÏinstruction€in€the€charge€given€to€the€jury.€€The€trial€court€subsequently€instructed€theÏjury€on€flight.Ìà àThe€defendant€relies€upon€this€Courtððs€opinion€in€òòState€v.€Whittenmeiróó,€725ÏS.W.2d€686€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1986),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).€€In€òòWhittenmeiróó,Íthis€Court€held€the€evidence€must€establish€(a)€the€accused€must€leave€the€situs€of€theÏcrime€and,€subsequently,€(b)€hide,€evade,€or€conceal€himself€within€the€community€orÏleave€the€city.€€This€Court€recognized€the€holding€in€òòWhittenmeiróó€in€òòState€v.€Paytonóó,Ï782€S.W.2d€490,€498€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1989).Ìà àIn€òòPaytonóó,€the€accused€left€the€situs€of€the€crime.€€However,€he€subsequentlyÏreturned.€€The€defendant€attempted€to€evade€the€police€when€the€police€attempted€toÏtake€him€into€custody.€€He€was€arrested€when€he€slipped€and€fell€to€the€ground.€€ThisÏCourt€held€that€a€flight€instruction€was€properly€given€by€the€trial€court.€€In€ruling,€thisÏCourt€said:€ð ðThe€defendantððs€evasion€of€authorities,€no€matter€how€brief,€met€theÏsecond€part€of€the€[òòWhittenmeiróó]€test.ðð€€782€S.W.2d€at€498.Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€left€the€scene€of€the€murder€with€his€friend€in€a€motorÏvehicle.€€The€defendant€knew€his€identity€was€known€to€the€witnesses.€€Thus,€he€spentÏthe€night€with€a€friend.€€The€police€called€the€defendantððs€mother€and€ex„girlfriend€in€anÏeffort€to€locate€the€defendant.€€His€mother€notified€him€the€police€were€looking€for€him.€ÏLater€that€day,€he€went€to€the€police€station.€His€mother€accompanied€him.Ìà àGiven€these€circumstances,€the€trial€court€properly€charged€the€jury€on€the€flight.€ÏThe€holding€in€òòPaytonóó€supported€the€giving€of€the€instruction.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÇÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìà àGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìà àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGE