ÿWPC…  SM G¼Z>8ãfn¥Ø¾[Ù/š±èõd¤ª‘©ZÒÓF¦î»Ú©[8d‘M9lû@uè>Í£}D"0×O•×ÓÕ–åÁæfˆÖU•ÉBæ`3š!–k8«o£¬PïE–ÊVjûÏñ@fEñ%´‡ƒÛ¦–Ч ƒzÒ§tGï ™:÷ Ï3oØvߘ٠ç×ú\éø”gò³í¹¥Z›É–BÍÇ©a¦ã2™q ÖKŽ}ÔY"Ÿc¿ðé˜óÃvÛ »Öâf)Lö.ÚÌ–aŒp)“ Ê·#ÐMÓÈåØ|¦¶òé8sÅ6˜­á#j”p¨²¼Š$rGÜôf“õèZDüg=5£E¶ïI :Küc¾™‚ä}0>ŸO¾­ÂÌM&yþËò€Ÿe/r¬ºøJgјÊ@¹'¶®B,•=TïâP¡<o¸pƒ¶„¦½;…ѧIÎ ?eÄ,K |;™Di]£ýŠl…Û‰@3J[xõúkKË_ðòÅQoÜ€øŽ;Â."¢ôpß±üæW'¯G¨†v}ØpŒC÷;˲QX¾r/ncEèj‰Cò1reHöqDwº’Œ½ÖØZ^¾9:¬4ñ8eÚŽ¾Êÿi3EŠ›Züï—)# >UNI %— 0(U:Åw@ÿ4?SU:bœ(¤U:ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ AQÆW 0D 0Da 0D¥ ¥ D/é B B5 D3R ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular –—E˜™Eš›DœEžÓ€ªn~<$3|xª,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ XèøXXXÔÔ€ nX XèøÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ XèøX nÔÐ  ÐÌò òDecember€4,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ô;žôX XèøÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular !"#%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñžñ›ñžñÒ°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ‡XèøXXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑñªññžñßr€ (<,(j 8` `€€@EF±` ttx$~°ð Õrßñžññžñ›ñžñ›››››››ñªññªñ›ñªñÌà@Ô Ô Tàò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ –æ Ðñªñœßt€ (>.*jx'3` `€€@ELµ` ttx$„‚(  tß›ñªñÌà@ÐÐ(TàAT€JACKSONˆÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà@33-Tà)ˆÐ  Z Ðà@33-Tà)ˆà p àò òNO.€02C01„9611„CR„00381ó óÐ ö F  Ðà ` àAppellee,à@33-Tà)ˆÐ â 2  Ðà@33-Tà)ˆà p àò òSHELBY€COUNTYó óÐ È  Ðò òVS.ó óà@33-Tà)ˆÐ ´  Ðà@33-Tà)ˆà p àò òHON.€ARTHUR€T.€BENNETT,Ð  ð  ÐJASON€M.€WEISKOPF,ó óà@33-Tà)ˆà p àò òJUDGEó óÐ ŒÜ  Ðà@33-Tà)ˆÌà ` àAppellant.à@33-Tà)ˆà p à(First€Degree€Murder)Ð ^® ÐÌÌà@’ ’ Tàò òòòUPON€REMAND€FROM€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEó óóóˆÐ ` ÐÌò òòòÌFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð Î Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌLESLIE€I.€BALLINà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÐ ¦ö Ðò òMARK€A.€MESLERó óà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ ’â Ð200€Jefferson€Avenue,€Suite€1250ÌMemphis,€TN€38103ò òà h àà À àà  àà p àELIZABETH€T.€RYANà Ð àà (# àÐ d´ Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWILLIAM€L.€GIBBONSó óÐ è!8  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àTHOMAS€D.€HENDERSONó óÐ  $ð# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àMemphis,€TN€€38103ò òÐ X'¨"& ÐÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ î+>'+ ÐÌÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÐ  :4Š/4 Ðó óÑ7€<“XXdðXXdð7ÑÔ#†X<“XXX8B#ÔÔ‡X8XXX<“Ôà@'Tàò òO€P€I€N€I€O€NˆÐ ° ÐÌÌÓÓà ` àó óThis€case€is€again€before€œthe›€Court€after€remand€from€the€Supreme€Court€ofÐ tÄ ÐTennessee€in€light€of€its€opinion€in€òòState€v.€Kingóó,€973€S.W.2d€586€(Tenn.€1998).€€TheÐ @  Ðissue€upon€remand€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€instructing€the€jury€that€it€couldÏð ðweigh€and€considerðð€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€of€imprisonment€in€arriving€at€itsÏverdict.€€Finding€the€jury€charge€given€in€this€case€and€the€jury€charge€given€in€òòKingóóÐ ¤ô  Ðsignificantly€different,€we€again€œdeclare›€a€due€process€violation.€€Therefore,€weÏreverse€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.ÌÌà@¾¾$Tàò òòòPROCEDURAL€HISTORYó óóóˆÐ Ô$ ÐÌà ` àDefendant,€Jason€M.€Weiskopf,€was€convicted€by€a€Shelby€County€jury€ofÏpremeditated€first€degree€murder€and€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment.€€In€his€originalÏappeal€to€this€Court€he€presented€three€issues€for€our€review:€(1)€whether€theÏevidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction€for€premeditated€first€degreeÏmurder;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€œinto€evidence›€œñ›ñof›€ñ›ñphotographs›€of€theÏvictimððs€body;€and€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€charging€the€jury€on€paroleÏeligibility.€€Although€this€Court€found€the€evidence€to€be€sufficient€to€support€theÏconviction€and€œthe›€photographs€œñ•ñto€have€beenñ•ñ›€properly€admitted,€this€Court€found€theÏjury€instructions€on€parole€eligibility€to€be€in€violation€of€due€process.€€òòState€v.€JasonÐ Ø'(#' ÐM.€Weiskopfóó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9611„CR„00381,€Shelby€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ¤)ô$) Ðfiled€February€4,€1998,€at€Jackson).€€Ìà ` àPermission€to€appeal€was€granted€by€the€Supreme€Court€of€Tennessee,€andÏthe€case€was€ð ðremanded€to€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€for€reconsideration€in€lightÏof€òòState€v.€Kingóó,€973€S.W.2d€586€(Tenn.€1998).ðð€€òòState€v.€Jason€M.€Weiskopfóó,€No.Ð Ô0$,1 Ð02C01„9611„CR„00381ò ò,€ó óShelby€County€(Tenn.€filed€November€2,€1998,€at€Jackson).€Ð  2ð-3 ÐÌÌÌÐ Ü9,5; Їà@  +Tàò òòòFACTSó óóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà ` àIn€order€to€place€the€parole€eligibility€jury€œinstructionñ–ñsñ–ñ›€in€proper€context,€weÏincorporate€this€Courtððs€statement€of€facts€in€our€prior€opinion.€€Ô#†XLñXXX #ÔÐ  p ÐÔ‡XXXXLñÔÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€stateððs€proof€revealed€that€the€defendant€and€the€victimÐ ì < Ðwere€both€employed€at€the€Ridgeway€McDonaldððs€in€Memphis.€€OnÏSeptember€13,€1994,€a€day€prior€to€the€homicide,€the€defendant€andÏthe€victim€had€a€verbal€altercation€in€the€cooking€area.€€That€night€theÏdefendant€told€a€fellow€employee,€Cornelius€Buchanan,€that€heÏintended€to€shoot€the€victim€the€next€morning€since€he€was€tired€ofÏbeing€called€ð ðbitches€and€whoresðð€by€the€victim.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€next€morning€at€approximately€2:50€a.m.,€Mary€Lee,€theÏopening€manager€for€McDonaldððs,€arrived€at€the€Ridgeway€location€toÏprepare€for€the€5:00€a.m.€opening.€€Both€the€defendant€and€the€victimÏwere€scheduled€to€report€at€4:00€a.m.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àShortly€before€4:00€a.m.,€Jafus€Miller,€another€employee,€heardÏthree€(3)€shots€while€he€was€sitting€in€his€vehicle.€€He€assumed,Ïhowever,€that€they€were€firecrackers.€€Lee€also€heard€a€noise€aboutÏthat€time,€yet€did€not€realize€it€was€gunfire.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àWhen€the€employees€did€not€report€to€work€at€4:00€a.m.,€LeeÏtried€to€reach€the€defendant€by€phone€and€was€told€he€had€already€leftÏfor€work.€€At€approximately€4:15€a.m.,€the€defendant€called€her€andÏactually€arrived€at€work€at€4:22€a.m.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àShortly€thereafter,€Miller€discovered€the€victimððs€body€in€theÏMcDonaldððs€parking€lot.€€The€victim€had€been€shot€once€in€the€back€andÏtwice€in€the€face.€€The€autopsy€report€revealed€that€the€victim€died€asÏa€result€of€these€gunshot€wounds.€€à p àÐH#˜"` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àOn€the€date€of€the€shooting€the€defendant€told€Buchanan,€ð ðI€toldÏyou€I€was€gonna€kill€Marquese.ðð€€Buchanan€did€not€believe€theÏdefendant.€€The€following€day€the€defendant€again€told€Buchanan€thatÏhe€had€shot€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€he€had€walked€up€to€the€victimÏin€the€parking€lot,€shook€his€hand€and€apologized€for€the€priorÏaltercation.€€When€the€victim€turned€his€back,€the€defendant€said,€ð ðYouÏmother€f€_€_€_€_€_€ðð€and€shot€the€victim€in€the€back.€€Defendant€relatedÏthat€the€victim€pled€for€his€life€just€prior€to€defendantððs€shooting€himÏtwice€in€the€face.€€The€defendant€stated,€ð ðthe€mother€f€_€_€_€_€_€s€atÏwork€will€respect€me€now.ðð€€Defendant€further€stated€he€felt€no€guilt€asÏa€result€of€the€shooting.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€was€interviewed€by€the€homicide€division€atÏapproximately€1:00€p.m.€on€the€date€of€the€homicide.€€He€deniedÏshooting€the€victim.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àUpon€gathering€other€information,€the€authorities€arrestedÏdefendant€on€September€16,€1994.€€At€the€time€of€his€arrest€he€statedÏthat€he€knew€who€ð ðhad€snitched€on€him.ðð€€Upon€being€interrogated,€theÏdefendant€stated€that€he€shot€the€victim€because€he€was€ð ðmessing€withÏme.€€He€was€going€to€shoot€me€eventually.ðð€€He€stated€that€he€waitedÏfor€the€victim€to€arrive€at€McDonaldððs€prior€to€the€shooting.€€He€furtherÏconceded€that€the€victim€was€not€armed€with€a€weapon€and€made€noÏmention€that€the€victim€did€anything€to€him€just€prior€to€the€shooting.€Ð ¾95; ÐThe€defendant€stated€he€was€simply€afraid€that€the€victim€wouldÏeventually€shoot€him.€€Defendant€also€took€the€authorities€to€aÏdumpster€where€he€had€thrown€the€murder€weapon.€€The€weapon€wasÏrecovered.Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€defense€proof€consisted€of€another€fellow€employee,€MorrisÏRobinson,€€who€testified€that€both€the€defendant€and€victim€hadÏthreatened€each€other€on€prior€occasions.€€He€further€testified€that€theÏdefendant€had€told€him€prior€to€trial€that€he€thought€the€victim€wasÏgoing€for€a€gun€at€the€time€of€the€shooting.€€Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€elected€not€to€testify,€and€there€was€no€furtherÏdefense€proof.Ð ` H!` H! ÐÌÔ#†XLñXXXe#ÔÓÓÔ€ XXXXLñÔÌà@œœ&Tàò òòòTHE€JURY€CHARGEó óóóˆÐ ` ÐÌà ` àThe€jury€was€charged€as€to€the€indicted€offense€of€premeditated€first€degreeÏmurder€and€the€lesser€offenses€of€second€degree€murder€and€voluntaryÏmanslaughter.€€Pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b),€the€jury€was€instructedÏas€to€the€range€of€punishment€for€these€offenses€along€with€the€earliest€releaseÏeligibility€dates.€€Ô‡XXX XÔThe€jury€was€instructed€that€the€earliest€release€eligibility€date€for€firstÐ ä4 Ðdegree€murder€was€25€years;€the€earliest€release€eligibility€date€for€second€degreeÏmurder€was€1.06€years;€and€the€earliest€release€eligibility€date€for€voluntaryÏmanslaughter€was€.21€years.€€Ô#† XXXX1(#ÔUnlike€the€jury€in€òòKingóó,€the€jury€was€specificallyÐ H#˜" Ðinstructed€they€could€ð ðweigh€and€consider€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€ofÏimprisonment.ðð€€ÌÌà@~~'Tàò òòòSTATE€V.€KINGó óóóˆÐ x*È%* ÐÌà ` àThe€Supreme€Court€of€Tennessee€in€òòKingóó€found€that€the€ð ðfor€your€informationÐ .l). Ðonlyðð€parole€eligibility€jury€instruction€was€not€error;€however,€the€Court€appears€toÏhave€limited€its€ruling€ð ðas€applied€under€the€circumstances€of€this€case...ðð€€973ÏS.W.2d€at€587.€€The€Court€further€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ àð ðSignificantly,€[the€jurors]€were€additionally€instructed€that€theyÏwere€not€to€attempt€to€fix€punishment€for€the€offense€and€that€theÏsentencing€information€was€ð ðfor€your€information€only.ðð€€When€the€trialÏcourt€explains,€as€it€did€here,€that€the€sentencing,€parole,€and€earlyÏrelease€information€is€not€to€be€considered€in€the€determination€of€guiltÏor€innocence,€then€certainly€no€due€process€violation€has€occurred.€ÐÊ95;` H!` H! ЇòòId.óó€at€592.€€ÓÓThe€Court€concluded€that€ð ðòòunder€the€circumstances€presentedóó€we€findÐ ° Ðthat€the€jury€instruction€given€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)(2)€did€notÏdeprive€the€appellant€of€his€due€process€right€to€a€fair€trial.ðð€€òòId.óó€€(emphasis€added)€Ð H˜ Ðà ` àWe€likewise€conclude€there€is€a€glaring€and€pivotal€difference€in€œprovidinñ—ñgñ—ññ›ñ›ñ›ññœññ˜ñg€a€ñ˜ññœñññg€a€ññ›Ïparole€eligibility€jury€instruction€ð ðfor€your€information€onlyðð€versus€instructing€the€jury,Ïas€was€done€in€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó,€that€the€jury€can€ð ðweigh€and€considerðð€sentencingÐ ¬ ü  Ðin€arriving€at€the€determination€of€guilt€or€innocence.Ìà ` àThis€glaring€difference€is€evidenced€in€òòKingóó€by€its€reliance€upon€òòCalifornia€v.Ð H˜  ÐRamosóó,€463€U.S.€992,€103€S.Ct.€3446,€77€L.Ed.€2d€1171€(1983).€€òòRamosóó€upheld€theÐ d ÐCalifornia€practice€of€informing€juries€about€the€Governorððs€power€to€commute€a€lifeÏsentence€without€the€possibility€of€parole.€€However,€this€jury€instruction€was€givenÏduring€the€penalty€phase€of€a€capital€murder€trial€in€which€the€jury€had€theÏresponsibility€of€sentencing.€€Thus,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Courtððs€reliance€uponÐ D” ÐòòRamosóó€is€understandable€with€reference€to€the€ð ðfor€your€information€onlyðð€juryÐ ` Ðinstruction.€€However,€the€òòRamosóó€jury€instruction€given€at€the€penalty€phase€of€aÐ Ü, Ðcapital€murder€trial€to€a€jury€that€has€the€responsibility€of€sentencing€may€not€beÏcompared€to€a€jury€instruction€given€during€the€guilt/innocence€phase€of€a€non„capitalÏcase€authorizing€the€jury€to€consider€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€where€the€jury€hasÏno€sentencing€responsibilities.€€Ìà ` àWe,€therefore,€conclude€that€òòKingóó€in€no€way€sanctions€a€jury€instruction€whichÐ Ø&("& Ðauthorizes€the€jury€to€ð ðweigh€and€considerðð€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€in€arriving€atÏguilt€or€innocence.€€The€sole€function€of€the€jury€in€this€case€was€to€determine€guiltÏor€innocence,€not€the€length€of€imprisonment.€€In€essence,€this€jury€was€specificallyÏtold€they€could€consider€extraneous€information€that€had€nothing€whatever€to€do€withÏguilt€or€innocence€in€arriving€at€their€verdict.Ìà ` àOne€accused€of€a€crime€is€entitled€to€have€his€or€her€guilt€or€innocenceÏdetermined€solely€on€the€basis€of€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial€and€not€otherÏcircumstances€not€adduced€as€proof€at€trial.€€òòTaylor€v.€Kentuckyóó,€436€U.€S.€478,€485,Ð 85ˆ06 Ð98€S.Ct.€1930,€56€L.Ed.€2d€468€(1978);€òòEstelle€v.€Williamsóó,€425€U.S.€501,€96€S.Ct.Ð 7T28 Ð1691,€48€L.Ed.2d€126€(1976).€€Ð Ð8 4: Ðà ` àThe€nature€of€this€error€becomes€evident€when€comparing€the€release€eligibilityÏdates€given€in€this€case.€€The€earliest€release€eligibility€date€for€first€degree€murderÏwas€given€at€25€years,€whereas€for€second€degree€murder€and€voluntaryÏmanslaughter,€it€was€given€at€1.06€years€and€.21€years,€respectively.€€When€a€juryÏis€told€to€ð ðweigh€and€considerðð€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€in€arriving€at€œñ™ñtheirñ™ññšñañšñ›€verdict,€theÏnature€of€the€problem€is€perfectly€obvious.€€Ìà ` àIn€this€case€it€was€readily€apparent€that€the€defendant€unlawfully€took€the€lifeÏof€the€victim.€€The€primary€issue€for€the€jury€was€whether€this€was€a€premeditated€firstÏdegree€murder,€second€degree€murder€or€voluntary€manslaughter.€€Defense€counselÏargued€to€the€jury€that€the€evidence,€at€most,€supported€a€lesser€offense.€€We€knowÏnot€to€what€extent,€if€any,€the€jury€considered€the€ridiculously€low€release€eligibilityÏdates€for€second€degree€murder€and€voluntary€manslaughter€as€compared€to€theÏmuch€higher€release€eligibility€date€for€first€degree€murder.€€Nevertheless,€we€areÏunable€to€conclude€that€this€information€had€no€impact€upon€the€jury€since€theÏprimary€issue€was€the€degree€of€homicide.€€Accordingly,€we€are€unable€to€findÏharmless€error.€€ÌÌà@´´(Tàò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóˆÐ <#Œ" ÐÌà ` àWe€find€the€jury€charge€given€in€this€case€to€be€fundamentally€different€fromÏthe€jury€charge€given€in€òòKingóó.€€The€jury€charge€was€in€violation€of€the€Due€ProcessÐ ¬(ü#( ÐClause€of€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€ArticleÏI,€ðð€8€of€the€Constitution€of€Tennessee.€€Furthermore,€being€unable€to€find€harmlessÏerror€under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€we€reverse€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.€ÏÌÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ ¾95; Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à_____________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÐ –æ ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌó ó____________________________________Ð ö F  Ðò òGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ Ü ,  ÐÌÌÌó ó____________________________________Ð ŒÜ  Ðò òDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEó óÐ r  ÐÌ