ÿWPCÆ  :G'ÂìÞ‚âP,-/õ HdRßÎÓ:ÃÃÓl?Ãa`öÈmc ʵMÜTt2(LZ[Mdzç„‚\ß-ªØÒ.¯([èp"Èf€¢”oL»Ú2u׀،‚àü¶eo9W1Y<3h0UÁ6ð­û6ð|$W†¦IÚ¹ÐÜ“87¤Ö]çxG²ÊN\»Uú …$@Z­-ù1 øLàçf@˜>[Æ%½Ü†x~Œ˜ªŽŠ©¤7y®)ÍWê»ÚNá垮ƞ³í¿æ€üqL:+X>R…Ж$‡‘2P^AÑØE:§s.)¢¨`™ëTñÊf¸e@õ¡v¥ªbïŠ4¢†Ž¶k‚´¿ËÁŸóï’’Än3š•A);7/½%ŠÅ\¾âÕFtðŠ´ó3‘lJ9KAÑI3ËÀz/™]GŽOÁs´Ý‚ÎàFq8iVãûïŸÀ_E|ïÿ‘Ýì¿Ë²×âLæÀ¯êÎɽ³8C¾Â¢„ÜÙÇ¿8 ,0®ÌŠ-sÞÓ=0æÃ3h>lšBvóKî€ÊïÚƒŠgÏ»@0RªæuréçìxºŒÑ|Vû­ûÕw»gÛ›îpœ†Nß ¾éd‹…}>…#I¢ ¦[ KLÛZ­Hå-?‘ã|*UBL %ŽU.”ÂnXÒ 0P*4zŽ 0”– 0D*w@nU:® 0Dè%,U:Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q AQ‹ ÆÜ 0D¢ 0Dæ B* * D/G G Bv D3“ <þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|XŸ «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÌqæ$(D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ‹ Œ £ Ž P U U‘ U’ D“ D” Ó€"Arial Regular($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó Ý ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X?XXXÔÔ€×`XX?ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X?X×`ÔÐ  ÐÌò òJuly€15,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôØ’ ôXX?ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"# &Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd$$$$'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýñ” ñ›ñ” ñÑ` °ÑÑX°ÑÒPDÒÒŽ¦ÒÑ7€Ò=XXdÈXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑTR[  AØ'Legal3Ø' AØ'redlineÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÔ€X™¢XXXÔñ” ñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eêf ` ttx$"` ð Úrß›ñ” ñà ¨ àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌà@oo:MàAT€KNOXVILLEˆÌÌÓ  Óà@ll8MàJUNE€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ° àà  àà ` à)ó óÐ Ðp  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àò ò)ó óà ¸ àò òC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9709„CR„00387ó óÐ À`  Ðà ¨ àà àAppellee,à ° àò ò€€€€€à  àà ` à)Ð °P  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àKNOX€COUNTYó óÐ  @  ÐVS.à ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àò ò)Ð 0  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àHON.€RICHARD€R.€BAUMGARTNER,Ð €  ÐMARCUS€WELCOME,à ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àJUDGEÐ p Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` à)Ìà ¨ àà àó óAppellant.ò òà ° àà  àà ` à)à ¸ àó ó(Robbery)ò òÐ Pð Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà ° àà  àà ` à€€€€€òòà ¸ àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:óóÐ ° ÐÌÌò òMARK€E.€STEPHENSà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ à€ Ðó óDistrict€Public€Defenderà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àAttorney€General€&€Reporterò òÐ Ð p ÐÌR.€SCOTT€CARPENTERó óà ° àò òà  àà ` àà ¸ àTODD€R.€KELLEYó óÐ °"P ÐAsst.€Public€Defenderà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÐ  #@ Ð1209€Euclid€Ave.à X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àJohn€Sevier€Bldg.Ð $0 ÐKnoxville,€TN€37921à ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ à425€Fifth€Ave.,€Northà ! àà p# àÐ €%  Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àò òà  àà ` àà ¸ àRANDALL€NICHOLS€ó óÐ P(ð! Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àò òà  àà ` àà ¸ àMARSHA€SELECMANó óÐ  +À!$ Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  à„and„Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àò òJERRY€HALLó óÐ ð-$' Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àActing€Asst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àCity„County€Bldg.à À àÐ Ð/p&) Ðà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àKnoxville,€TN€37902Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÐ 09Ð/3 ÐÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÐ < 26 ÐJudgeÐ  ð<37S ÐÑXÑÑ7€ ™¢ XXdðXXdÈ7ÑñŒ ñÓ  ÓñŒ ñà@™™:Màò òòòÔ‡¼Ç,¼XX™¢ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ#†X™¢X¼¼Ç,:#ԈР`  ÐÌÌó óóóÌÓÓà ¨ àà àThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€robbery.€€Following€a€trial,€the€jury€returnedÏa€verdict€of€guilty.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€convictingÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction€and€that€a€remark€made€by€theÏprosecutor€during€closing€argument€amounts€to€reversible€error.€€Finding€no€merit€in€theÏdefendantððs€arguments,€we€affirm.ÌÌà ¨ àà àThe€victim€and€a€friend€drove€to€a€Knoxville€nightclub.€€They€becameÏseparated€when€the€nightclub€closed,€so€the€victim€went€to€his€car€and€began€slowlyÏdriving€in€the€area€searching€for€his€friend.€€The€defendant€was€standing€down€the€streetÏon€the€corner.€€When€the€victim€drove€by,€the€defendant€asked€the€victim€for€a€ride€home,Ïand€the€victim€agreed.€€The€victim€continued€to€look€for€his€friend€for€approximately€tenÏminutes,€but€when€he€still€did€not€spot€him,€he€decided€to€drive€the€defendant€home.ÌÌà ¨ àà àAs€the€victim€drove,€the€defendant€gave€directions€to€an€apartment€complex.€ÏThe€victim€slowed€the€car€and€shifted€the€transmission€into€ð ðparkðð€to€allow€the€defendantÏto€exit€the€car.€€The€defendant€reached€over,€grabbed€the€keys€from€the€ignition,€and€ranÏfrom€the€car.€€When€the€victim€pursued€him,€the€defendant€stated,€ð ðDonððt€be€stupid,€I€haveÏa€gunðð€and€acted€as€if€he€were€reaching€for€a€gun.€€The€defendant€then€ran€back€to€theÏcar€and€began€to€drive€away.€€The€victim€grabbed€the€partially€opened€passengerððs€sideÏwindow€and€tried€to€open€the€door€to€stop€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€struck€theÏvictimððs€hands€several€times€and€continued€to€drive€away€with€the€victim€hanging€on€toÏthe€car.€€The€victim€was€dragged€one€quarter€of€a€mile€before€he€lost€his€grip.ÌÐ †6&-0 Ðà ¨ àà àThe€victim€walked€to€a€nearby€store€where€he€called€the€police€to€report€theÐ †6&-2 Ðincident.€€He€was€taken€to€the€hospital,€where€he€was€treated€for€a€sprained€knee€andÏseveral€abrasions€to€his€arms€and€legs.€€Meanwhile,€the€victimððs€car,€which€was€beingÏdriven€by€the€defendant,€was€spotted,€and€the€defendant€was€pulled€over,€arrested,€andÏtransported€to€the€police€station.€€When€the€victim€was€released€from€the€hospital,€heÏidentified€the€defendant.ÌÌà ¨ àà àOn€appeal,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÏhis€conviction,€in€that€the€proof€does€not€support€the€elements€charged€by€the€indictment.€ÏThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€robbery€under€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„401,€which€defines€robberyÏas€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€the€person€of€another€by€violence€orÏputting€the€person€in€fear.ðð€€Even€though€robbery€only€requires€proof€of€òòeitheróó€violence€orÐ Xø Ðfear,€not€both,€the€indictment€in€this€case€charged€that€the€defendant€ð ðdid€unlawfully,Ïknowingly,€by€violence€òòandóó€by€putting€[the€victim]€in€fear,€take€from€the€person€of€[theÐ ð Ðvictim]€a€1982€Pontiac€Trans€Am€motor€vehicle,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„13„401.ðð€€EvenÏso,€the€State€presented€sufficient€evidence€of€both€violence€and€fear.€€In€an€effort€to€takeÏthe€victimððs€car€from€the€victim,€the€defendant€struck€the€victimððs€hands€several€times€andÏdragged€the€victim€for€one€quarter€of€a€mile€as€the€victim€hung€on€to€the€car.€€This€showsÏthe€defendant€took€the€victimððs€property€by€violence.€€Moreover,€the€victim€testified€heÏbecame€scared€when€the€defendant€threatened€he€had€a€gun,€which€shows€that€theÏdefendant€also€used€fear€to€separate€the€victim€from€his€property.€€Since€the€StateÏpresented€adequate€proof€of€both€violence€and€fear,€as€provided€in€the€indictment,€theÏdefendantððs€argument€is€without€merit.Ìœñ’ ñÌñ’ ñ›Ìà ¨ àà àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€a€remark€made€by€the€prosecutor€duringÏclosing€argument€amounts€to€reversible€error.€€During€the€Stateððs€closing€argument,€theÏprosecutor€told€the€jury,€ð ðIf€you€donððt€find€the€defendant€guilty,€if€you€come€back€with€aÐ L6ì,2 Ðnot„guilty,€he€is€going€to€walk€out€„„€right€out€of€this€courtroom€„„€a€free€man.€€He€is€goingÏto€rob€someone€else.ðð€€Defense€counsel€objected€to€this€remark€as€improper,€and€the€trialÏcourt€agreed.€€Defense€counsel€moved€for€mistrial,€which€the€trial€court€denied.€€However,Ïshortly€after€the€prosecutorððs€remark,€the€trial€œcourtñ“ ñ,ñ“ ññŠ ñòò›ñ† ñóóñ† ññŠ ñ›€œñ‹ ñsua€sponte€ñ‹ ñinstructed›€the€jury€toÏð ðdisregard€any€remark€that€applies€to€any€suggestion€of€future€conduct.ðð€€The€defendantÏnow€argues€that€nothing€short€of€declaring€a€mistrial€could€have€cured€the€prejudiceÏenured€to€him€by€the€prosecutorððs€improper€remark.Ì€Ìà ¨ àà àStatements€made€in€closing€argument€constitute€reversible€error€only€whenÏthe€statements€were€improper€and€that€impropriety€affected€the€verdict.€€òòState€v.€Suttonóó,Ð Œ, Ð562€S.W.2d€820€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€Pulliamóó,€950€S.W.2d€360€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð Xø Ð1996).€€Commentary€on€the€consequences€of€an€acquittal€are€generally€improper.€€òòSeeóóÐ $Ä ÐòòCoker€v.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€357€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòBowling€v.€Stateóó,€3€Tenn.€Crim.Ð ð ÐApp.€176,€458€S.W.2d€639€(1970).€€Nevertheless,€in€evaluating€the€impact€of€the€remark,Ïthis€Court€must€consider€the€conduct€in€context;€the€curative€measures€undertaken;€theÏprosecutorððs€intent€in€making€the€statement;€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conductÏand€any€other€errors€in€the€record;€and€the€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.€ÏòòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Buckóó,€670Ð ì'Œ" ÐS.W.2d€600,€609€(Tenn.€1984).ÌÌà ¨ àà àHere,€the€prosecutorððs€remark€was€not€the€central€focus€of€his€closingÏargument,€and€the€record€does€not€indicate€that€the€prosecutor€made€the€remark€in€badÏfaith.€€In€context,€it€was€little€more€than€a€passing€remark,€and€almost€immediately,€theÏtrial€court€warned€the€jury€to€disregard€the€prosecutorððs€remark€and€base€its€decisionÏsolely€upon€the€evidence€presented€on€the€charged€crime.€€The€defendant€does€notÏallege€that€the€cumulative€effect€of€this€improper€remark€combined€with€other€errors€in€theÐ L6ì,2 Ðrecord€was€great;€in€fact,€the€defendant€fails€to€identify€any€other€errors€in€the€record.€ÏConsidering€all€of€this€in€conjunction€with€the€strength€of€the€Stateððs€case,€we€concludeÏthat€the€prosecutorððs€remark€was€not€so€inflammatory€that€it€affected€the€verdict€to€theÏdefendantððs€detriment,€and€we€thus€necessarily€reject€the€defendantððs€argument€that€theÏprosecutorððs€remark€was€incurably€prejudicial.€€òòSeeóó€òòPulliamóó,€950€S.W.2d€at€369€&€n.3.€Ð 0 ÐÌà ¨ àà àThe€defendantððs€conviction€is€affirmed.ÌÌñ ñÓÓñ ñÌà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àœñŽ ñà ¸ àñŽ ñ_______________________________›Ìà ¨ àà àà X àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌœñ ñÌÌñ ñCONCUR:›ÌÌœñ ñÌÌñ ñ______________________________›ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌÌœñ‘ ñÌñ‘ ñ______________________________›ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€Judge