ÿWPCø ‡Oð‘ÞZºD"¾íEz0T˜æ‚˜E–§\I*‡&Tùc§—¥ÞæÝAÀcÖWkXN"3Sг »Ž]‚Ú&jEú”b£1èd†ÈIâON󥫹jø>Wœq¶9xi'FËÒùU Yo¼"ŒzV?¤¯í¹Žmòo¬|Ïàx+s«­gÛ#†•$)Ã|ÒÉ8ÚjFÃ"žÚf•&öÊùàà{dÔùܶÝå3ÕúZµ¯Eɤ¯3F¶J ±[¦ÏÔ9ŸJyZRcU‘»—¸'ƒâ4df§ËUù UùVZ÷þðjöC«jÞ7˜D"³„ä–¿GaÝìB}Oï Ûo›`ÒIû0YÏÈjеtÇܶï/Z›¾Ö›Ô³úRÞµ­Ty_®h8d>:IÌ^~³:£kLâ$±Øl`à 6¸@¾«ZhÒ¨¼çŠ@·Dîõ3W#ÁÂU:ƒ %½ 0:Ã^ ýw 4 ! 0 m2 U NI N— b™ :¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Û Û 0DøøE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 0>>>> BÛ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô$¤†)â •jW)¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular- ù- 0Ñ € ÑÑ#€ m Xÿÿd#Ñ Ý ƒR‹ƒ$ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô™òXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ ôs^ òòô™ÔWe€note€that€the€first€part€of€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€P.€5(e)€requires€a€preliminary€hearing€for€a€defendant€arrestedÐ ° Ðð ðprior€to€indictment€òòor€presentmentóó.ðð€€(Emphasis€added).€€The€second€part€authorizes€dismissal€of€ð ðthe€indictmentððÐ tÄ Ðwhen€a€defendant€has€been€denied€the€right€to€a€preliminary€hearing.€€Dismissal€of€a€ð ðpresentmentðð€is€not€mentionedÐ 8ˆ Ðin€the€second€part.€€Both€parties€assume€that€a€presentment€is€to€be€treated€the€same€as€an€indictment€under€Tenn.€R.Ð üL ÐÔ_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€P.€5(e).€€It€is€arguable€that€the€ð ðindependent€inquisitorial€power€of€the€grand€jury,ðð€as€ð ðderived€directly€fromÐ À ÐArticle€I,€Section€14,€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution,ðð€requires€that€presentments€be€treated€differently.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð „Ô ÐSuperior€Oil,€Inc.óó,€875€S.W.2d€658,€661€(Tenn.€1994).€€For€the€purposes€of€this€appeal,€however,€we€do€not€addressÐ H ˜ Ðwhether€a€presentment€should€be€treated€differently€than€an€indictment.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(.G2‹ƒ$¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô™òXXÔ dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ X„ZXXXÔÔ‡ ¼ÈF»X X„ZÔÑ€ôåÑà@ttìàÔ#† X„ZX» ¼ÈF\#ÔÔ‡ îÜwîX X„ZÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#† X„ZXî îÜwÁ#ÔÔ‡ ¼ÈF»X X„ZԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€November€22,€2000Ð üL ÐÔ#† X„ZX» ¼ÈFd#ÔÌò òÔ‡ ¼ÈF»X X„ZÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€JEFFREY€DWIGHT€Ô_ÔWHALEYÔ_ÔÔ#† X„ZX» ¼ÈF#Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Knox€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€62768€€€€€€Richard€R.€Ô_ÔBaumgartnerÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„00646„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€6,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€trial€court€dismissed€defendantððs€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô€presentment,€finding€a€denial€of€the€right€to€a€preliminaryÐ xÈ  Ðhearing.€€Upon€the€state's€appeal,€we€find€no€evidence€of€bad€faith€by€the€state.€€Accordingly,€weÐ d´ Ðreverse€and€remand€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€€Ð P  ÐÓÍÓÓ  ÓÌÓpÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Reversed;€CaseÐ d ÐRemandedó óÐ P ÐÌòòÓ  ÓJoe€G.€Riley,óó€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wadeóó,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,€and€òòThomas€T.Ð Ø( ÐÔ_ÔWoodallÔ_Ôóó,€J.,€joined.Ð Ä ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Mark€A.€Ô_ÔFulksÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð œì ÐRandall€Eugene€Ô_ÔNicholsÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€€Marsha€Ô_ÔSelecmanÔ_Ô€and€Rachel€Eaton,€AssistantÐ ˆØ ÐDistrict€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellant,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð tÄ ÐÌMark€E.€Stephens,€District€Public€Defender;€Jim€D.€Owen€(at€hearing)€and€Paula€R.€Voss€(onÐ L œ Ðappeal),€Assistant€District€Public€Defenders,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Jeffrey€DwightÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÔ_ÔWhaleyÔ_Ô.Ð $"t! ÐÌÌÓÓò òOPINIONó óÐ è$8 $ ÐÌòòóóÓ  Óà  àDefendant€was€arrested€on€October€4,€1996,€for€driving€under€the€influence€(Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô).€€AfterÐ À&"& Ðthree€continuances,€the€General€Sessions€Court€granted€defendantððs€motion€to€dismiss€for€failure€toÐ ¬'ü"' Ðprosecute.€€Defendant€was€charged€with€the€same€crime€by€grand€jury€presentment€on€April€28,Ð ˜(è#( Ð1997.€€Defendant€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€alleging€that€the€presentment€by€the€grand€jury,Ð „)Ô$) Ðsubsequent€to€the€continuances€and€dismissal€of€the€prior€warrant,€was€the€result€of€ð ðbad€faithðð€byÐ p*À%* Ðthe€state€and€violated€his€right€to€a€preliminary€hearing.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€R.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€P.€5(e).€€The€Criminal€Ð \+¬&+ ÐCourt€dismissed€the€presentment.€€Our€review€of€the€record€indicates€no€evidence€of€ð ðbad€faithðð€byÐ H,˜', Ðthe€state.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€and€remand€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings.Ð 4-„(- ÐÑôåÑâ âÑ€ ÑÑ8€ „Z XXdìdÈ8Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_Ôà@¥¥(ìàò òFACTSó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€material€facts€appear€undisputed.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àDefendant€was€arrested€for€DUI€on€October€4,€1996,€and€made€an€initial€appearance€inÐ `° ÐGeneral€Sessions€Court€on€October€14,€1996.€€Defendantððs€case€was€set€for€preliminary€hearing€onÐ L œ ÐNovember€22,€1996,€but€it€was€continued€until€December€20,€1996,€due€to€defense€counselððs€medicalÐ 8 ˆ Ðproblems.€€On€December€20,€1996,€the€arresting€officer€appeared€but€the€state€moved€for€aÐ $ t Ðcontinuance€so€it€could€further€investigate€defendantððs€driving€record,€and€the€case€was€reset€forÐ  ` ÐJanuary€21,€1997.€€On€January€21,€1997,€the€arresting€officer€failed€to€appear€for€an€unspecifiedÐ ü L  Ðreason,€and€the€state€moved€for€a€continuance.€€The€General€Sessions€Court€reset€the€case€forÐ è 8  ÐFebruary€20,€1997.€€On€February€20,€1997,€the€arresting€officer€was€not€present€when€the€case€wasÐ Ô$  Ðcalled€and,€upon€defense€motion,€the€General€Sessions€Court€dismissed€the€case€for€failure€toÐ À  Ðprosecute.€€At€the€hearing€in€the€Criminal€Court,€the€€arresting€officer€introduced€the€letter€from€theÐ ¬ü  Ðdistrict€attorney's€office€commanding€him€to€appear€in€court€at€ð ð1:30€p.m.ðð€instead€of€the€proper€timeÐ ˜è  Ðof€ð ð9:00€a.m.ðð€on€February€20,€1997.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àOn€April€28,€1997,€the€Knox€County€Grand€Jury€returned€a€presentment€against€defendantÐ \¬ Ðfor€the€offense.€€Defendant€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€alleging€that€the€state,€by€seeking€grand€juryÐ H˜ Ðpresentment,€violated€his€right€to€a€preliminary€hearing.€€The€Criminal€Court€dismissed€theÐ 4„ Ðpresentment,€and€the€state€filed€timely€notice€of€appeal.Ð  p ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òANALYSISˆÐ øH ÐÌA.€€The€Right€to€a€Preliminary€HearingÐ Ð  ÐÌó óà  àTennessee€law€is€clear€that,€while€a€preliminary€hearing€is€not€constitutionally€required,€it€isÐ ¨ø Ða€critical€stage€of€a€criminal€prosecution€mandated€by€law.€€òòMoore€v.€Stateóó,€578€S.W.2d€78,€80Ð ”ä Ð(Tenn.€1979)òòóó.€€The€primary€function€of€a€preliminary€hearing€is€to€determine€whether€probable€causeÐ €Ð Ðexists€to€believe€that€the€accused€committed€the€offense€charged,€and€to€fix€the€amount€of€bail€forÐ l¼ Ðbailable€offenses.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€5.1;€òòState€v.€D'€Annaóó,€506€S.W.2d€200,€203€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð X ¨ Ð1973).€€Ð D!” Ðà  à€Rule€5(e)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€provides€as€follows:Ð 0"€  ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òà ` àAny€defendant€arrested€prior€to€indictment€or€presentment€for€any€offense€.Ð $X" Ð.€.€shall€be€entitled€to€a€preliminary€hearing€upon€his€request€therefor,€whether€theÐ ô$D # Ðgrand€jury€of€the€county€be€in€session€or€not.€€If€the€defendant€is€indicted€during€theÐ à%0!$ Ðperiod€of€time€in€which€his€preliminary€hearing€is€being€continued,€or€at€any€timeÐ Ì&"% Ðbefore€the€accused€has€been€afforded€a€preliminary€hearing€on€a€warrant,€whether€atÐ ¸'#& Ðhis€own€request€or€that€of€the€prosecutor,€the€defendant€may€dismiss€the€indictmentÐ ¤(ô#' Ðupon€motion€to€the€court.€€Provided,€however,€that€no€such€Motion€to€Dismiss€shallÐ )à$( Ðbe€granted€after€the€expiration€of€thirty€days€from€the€date€of€defendant's€arrest.€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÒ°¬ÒÒ°žÒò òÐ h+¸&* ÐÓ ÓÓ  ÓB.€€The€Thirty„Day€Limitationó óÐ ° ÐÌÓPÓÓ  Óà  àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€in€òòMooreóó,€578€S.W.2d€at€82,€created€an€exception€to€theÐ ˆØ Ðthirty„day€rule,€holding€that:Ð tÄ ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Ò[T]he€thirty-day€limitation€.€.€.€is€applicable€only€when€all€parties--including€theÐ L œ Ðdefendant,€who€must€act€promptly--have€acted€in€good€faith€and€in€compliance€withÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€statute.€€The€failure€of€the€court€or€the€prosecution€to€exercise€good€faith€and€toÐ $ t Ðabide€the€law€operates€to€toll€the€statute€and€preclude€its€invocation.€€Ð  ` ÐÒ°jÒÒ°\ÒÌà  àGenerally,€the€state€may€seek€an€indictment€by€the€grand€jury€subsequent€to€a€dismissal€ofÐ è 8  Ða€warrant€and€prior€to€a€preliminary€hearing,€and€the€indictment€starts€a€new€proceeding.€€òòWaugh€v.Ð Ô$  ÐStateóó,€564€S.W.2d€654,€660€(Tenn.€1978).€€However,€the€state€is€precluded€from€pursuing€a€grandÐ À  Ðjury€indictment€when€it,€ð ðacting€in€bad€faith,€effectively€denies€the€accused€a€preliminary€hearing.ðð€Ð ¬ü  ÐòòState€v.€Goldenóó,€941€S.W.2d€905,€908€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌò òC.€€Presentment€v.€Indictmentó óÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àIn€the€aforementioned€cases,€the€defendants€were€prosecuted€by€indictment€as€opposed€toÐ H˜ Ðpresentment.€€The€grand€jury€has€the€power€to€act€independently€of€the€court€and€the€district€attorneyÐ 4„ Ðgeneral€by€instituting€a€criminal€action€by€presentment.€€òòState€v.€Superior€Oil,€Inc.óó,€875€S.W.2d€658,Ð  p Ð661€(Tenn.€1994).€€In€practice,€the€district€attorney€general€is€informed€of€the€offense,€prepares€theÐ  \ Ðappropriate€charge,€and€delivers€it€to€the€grand€jury€where€it€is€signed€by€all€members€of€the€grandÐ øH Ðjury.€€òòState€v.€Hudsonóó,€487€S.W.2d€672,€675€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972)€(òòcitingóó€òòState€v.€Darnalóó,€20Ð ä4 ÐTenn.€290€(1839)).€€A€bill€of€indictment,€on€the€other€hand,€is€sanctioned€by€the€district€attorneyÐ Ð  Ðgeneral€and€signed€only€by€the€foreperson€and€not€the€other€members€of€the€grand€jury.€€òòState€v.Ð ¼  ÐDavidsonóó,€103€S.W.2d€22,€23„24€(Tenn.€1937).€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€state€does€not€argue€that€a€different€standard€should€apply€to€a€presentment€than€to€anÐ €Ð Ðindictment.€€Nor€is€there€any€evidence€as€to€the€role€played€by€the€district€attorney€general€withÐ l¼ Ðregard€to€this€presentment,€although€the€presentment€does€bear€the€signature€of€the€district€attorneyÐ X ¨ Ðgeneral€as€well€as€all€grand€jurors.€€We€will€apply€the€ð ðbad€faithðð€analysis€to€this€presentment.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð D!” ÐÌò òÌD.€€Bad€Faithó óÐ $X" Їà  àThe€state€asserts€that€the€trial€judge€did€not€find€bad€faith,€so€defendant€was€not€entitled€toÐ ° Ðdismissal€of€the€presentment.€€The€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€found€no€indication€that€theÐ œì Ðdistrict€attorneyððs€office€or€the€prosecuting€officer€intended€to€deprive€the€defendant€of€a€preliminaryÐ ˆØ Ðhearing.€€The€trial€court€further€found,€ð ðmalfeasance€.€.€.€or€nonfeasance€.€.€.€lays€with€the€districtÐ tÄ Ðattorneyððs€office€in€denying€(defendant)€an€opportunity€for€a€preliminary€hearing.€€I€donððt€think€thatÐ `° Ðit€rises€to€the€level€of€bad€faith,€but€it€has€the€same€effect€of€doing€that.ðð€€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€because€the€continuances,€except€the€first€which€was€due€toÐ $ t Ðdefense€counselððs€medical€problems,€were€at€the€request€of€the€prosecution,€the€state€was€guilty€ofÐ  ` Ðð ðbad€faith.ðð€€Defendant€relies€primarily€on€òòMooreóó€and€òòGoldenóó.€€These€cases,€however,€areÐ ü L  Ðdistinguishable.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àIn€òòMooreóó,€the€officer€who€executed€the€search€warrant€was€not€present€to€testify€at€theÐ À  Ðpreliminary€hearing,€so€the€hearing€was€continued.€€òòMooreóó,€578€S.W.2d€at€79.€€While€the€ð ðpromisedððÐ ¬ü  Ðpreliminary€hearing€was€pending,€the€defendant€was€indicted€by€the€grand€jury.€€òòId.óó€at€82.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðpresent€case€differs€substantially€from€òòMooreóóbecause€no€preliminary€hearing€was€pending€when€theÐ „Ô  Ðpresentment€was€returned.€€The€General€Sessions€proceeding€had€been€dismissed.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àIn€òòGoldenóó,€this€court€applied€the€bad€faith€exception€of€the€thirty„day€rule€to€a€grand€juryÐ H˜ Ðindictment€following€òòdismissalóó€of€the€charges.€€òòGoldenóó,€941€S.W.2d€at€908.€€In€òòGoldenóó,€theÐ 4„ Ðdefendant€demanded€his€right€to€a€preliminary€hearing.€€òòóóDuring€the€preliminary€hearing,€theÐ  p Ðdefendant€sought€to€suppress€evidence€alleging€it€resulted€from€an€illegal€search€and€seizure.€€òòóó€TheÐ  \ Ðstate,€as€apparently€was€its€custom€in€such€cases,€€did€not€oppose€the€motion€to€suppress€and€allowedÐ øH Ðthe€warrant€to€be€dismissed€for€lack€of€probable€cause.€€òòóóThree€weeks€later,€the€state€secured€anÐ ä4 Ðindictment.òò€€óóòòÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àGoldenóó€is€inapposite€to€defendantððs€case.€€In€òòGoldenóó,€the€state€had€engaged€in€a€pattern€ofÐ ¨ø Ðconceding€to€defense€evidentiary€suppression€motions€at€preliminary€hearings€and€allowing€dismissalÐ ”ä Ðof€the€cases,€only€to€subsequently€seek€grand€jury€indictments.€€òòId.óó€at€907„08.€€The€state€would€thenÐ €Ð Ðseek€ð ðto€use€the€same€evidence€whose€suppression€it€did€not€oppose€at€the€preliminary€hearing.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ l¼ Ðat€908.€€In€the€present€case,€there€is€no€evidence€that€the€district€attorney€general,€eitherÐ X ¨ Ðsystematically€or€in€this€particular€instance,€encouraged€the€key€state€witness€to€fail€to€appear€orÐ D!” Ðsought€needless€continuances.€€To€the€contrary,€the€stateððs€witness€failed€to€appear€at€the€finalÐ 0"€  Ðscheduled€hearing€due€to€an€error€in€his€notice.€€Furthermore,€there€is€no€showing€that€the€stateÐ #l! Ðacquiesced€in€the€dismissal€by€the€General€Sessions€Court€for€failure€to€prosecute.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àIn€summary,€the€facts€do€not€support€a€finding€of€bad€faith€by€the€state.€€The€first€preliminaryÐ à%0!$ Ðhearing€was€set€more€than€thirty€days€after€the€arrest€and€was€continued€at€defendantððs€request.€€The€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌÌÌabsence€of€the€prosecutorððs€witness€at€the€final€hearing€was€the€result€of€a€miscommunicationÐ |*Ì%) Ðbetween€the€district€attorneyððs€office€and€the€witness.€€The€General€Sessions€Court€dismissed€theÐ h+¸&* Ðmatter,€as€was€its€prerogative,€when€the€witness€was€not€present.€€The€state€did€not€acquiesce€in€theÐ ° Ðdismissal€in€order€to€secure€an€indictment€or€presentment.Ð œì ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€the€stateððs€conduct€did€not€ð ðrise€to€the€level€of€bad€faithðð€but€had€theÐ tÄ Ðsame€effect.€€Under€current€law,€it€is€not€enough€that€defendant€did€not€have€a€preliminary€hearingÐ `° Ðthrough€no€fault€of€his€own.€€Our€law€requires€bad€faith€before€the€indictment€or€presentment€mayÐ L œ Ðbe€dismissed€after€thirty€days€from€defendantððs€arrest.€€We€agree€there€was€no€showing€of€bad€faith;Ð 8 ˆ Ðtherefore,€the€presentment€was€proper.€€Ð $ t ÐÌÌà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed,€and€this€matter€is€remanded€for€furtherÐ À  Ðproceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ€à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÐ pÀ ÐÓ¢ÓÔ#†XÎÚXX X„Z=#Ô