ÿWPCm Ú$jÂ4BËäà,ô<'<+cJb郟Åûð„4ÃP@Ê`Û¤6IWÉÖx§(~",;Õ¤¶@瀿¾÷ãyyO#th¦x8éÜ ÷º¬­ä¨“ýüÿÉd‡1A]êÚOÌ3ñNú¨ah‹ú‹í9¨C=ªëV\SÃx‚¬„] ff‘×s‘Ûº}1ˆ/,eÞèÕž(³»óŽ Í*¥'uØ&Ñç­sEì ÞȆZv\.°èò±çõÃÐw•¬þBO‚¢bË×áfýìõ&¸›Òª˜è¨Åí:uÎ_Ø*4¨4 ð^Vø›m2ÛÍ,hÇcFþÍÞ×=ŸÀé‚ŸñÑ4ù]êyÎ~Réí( Ù$£‘ËûßfTc"j‚±oô¶Wå.?e2QwWSMóÆ×ì%yfÔWü'¨A•GC4†´Êò"UG\b­ùO¬àꃎ^†µs‹t™8ÂQ ÞyISzi¸=n7&ä$¤%þ‡Š—›+$ÛŸ/R•æ ¨ð%åιÍB½ž`o¶V3gqk+c{1ÈK Ƭ¨·¯z/tçͯ%-@þ;YT¯¥š]pïºõ7~¬ŸÌk7¶RÆHž G¡›3YœŽËð™ÄÏW#ÁÂUNƒ %Ñ 0:×^  w 4! 5 D mF :] 0N— — 1å 72r 1u¤ 72 0cK ® U N¶ - E1 1 0~3 0D± :õ N/ / / / / / / / / / 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BP˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô#¦9-s Yo†) œ°ËŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀhttp://www.collierville.com;(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(¶éCEMU]emu}AutoList1(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à (í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular #Ñ#€CXÿÿd#Ñ(.(3Ä($¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóóhttp://www.collierville.com. Ý ƒÄ($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡ôüòXXÔ€Subsequently,€the€Board€filed€Formal€Ethics€Opinion€2001„F„107(b)€and€Formal€Ethics€Opinion€2002„F„Ð ° Ð146.€€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô€and€other€part„time€assistant€district€attorneys€general€have€filed€a€petition€in€the€Tennessee€SupremeÐ œì ÐCourt€asking€that€the€court€review€and€set€aside€the€Boardððs€opinions.Ô#†XëÀXòôüf#Ô dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ‡XëÀXXXÔÔ‡îîXXëÀÔÑ€zãÑÓ  ÓÑ8€ëÀXXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° Ðà@@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†XëÀXîîl#ÔÔ‡¼á»XXëÀÔÐ Ö& Ðà @ àà @` àMarch€12,€2002€Session€Heard€at€MemphisÐ üL ÐÔ#†XëÀX»¼án#ÔÌò òÔ‡îîXXëÀÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€JEREMY€WHITEòòóóÔ#†XëÀXîî#Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ  Z Ðà@@øøìàNos.€00„04744„45€and€00„04746„47€€€€€€Arthur€T.€Bennett,€JudgeÐ ö F ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<¹` AßÐ º  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2001„02580„CCA„R9„CD€€Ô_Ô„Ô_Ô€Filed€September€25,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ µ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<Œ` Aßó óÔ#†XëÀXXXëÀM#ÔÐ Ý  ÐÌÓ  ÓOn€May€2,€2000,€a€Shelby€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€appellant,€Jeremy€White,€for€attempt€toÐ ˆØ  Ðcommit€first€degree€murder,€especially€aggravated€robbery,€especially€aggravated€burglary,€andÐ tÄ Ðespecially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô.€€The€appellant€retained€an€attorney,€Mark€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô,€to€defendÐ `° Ðhim€against€the€Stateððs€prosecution€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court.€€However,€in€addition€toÐ Lœ Ðmaintaining€a€private€practice,€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô€was€a€ð ðpart„time€prosecutorðð€for€the€Town€of€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_ÔÐ 8ˆ Ðin€Shelby€County.€€Accordingly,€the€State€filed€a€motion€to€disqualify€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô€from€representingÐ $t Ðthe€appellant€due€to€a€conflict€of€interest.€€Following€a€hearing,€the€trial€court€granted€the€StateððsÐ ` Ðmotion.€€From€the€trial€courtððs€order,€the€appellant€now€brings€this€interlocutory€appeal.€€HavingÐ üL Ðthoroughly€reviewed€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð è8 ÐÌò òÔ‡XëÀXXXëÀÔTenn.€R.€App.€P.€9€Interlocutory€Appeal;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ À ÐÌòòNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€andÐ ˜è ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€joined.Ð „Ô ÐÌMark€S.€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Jeremy€White.Ð \ ¬ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€John€H.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð 4"„! ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Lee€Coffee€and€Ô_ÔAlandaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔDwyerÔ_Ô,€Assistant€DistrictÐ  #p" ÐAttorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð  $\# ÐÌà@66'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†XëÀXXXëÀÚ #ԈРä%4!% ÐÓ  Óòòò òI.€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÐ Ð& "& ÐÓ¡ Óà  àà ` àIn€the€early€1990s,€the€Town€of€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ô,€in€Shelby€County,€Tennessee,€throughÐ ¼' #' Ðits€Board€of€Mayor€and€Alderman,€appointed€attorney€Mark€S.€Ô_ÔMcDanielÔ_Ô€to€prosecute€crimesÐ ¨(ø#( Ðoccurring€in€the€Town€of€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ô€and€heard€in€the€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ô€Municipal€Court.€€As€noted€by€theÐ ”)ä$) ÐState€in€its€brief,€the€Judge€of€the€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ô€Municipal€Court€is€vested€with€concurrent€jurisdictionÐ €*Ð%* Ðand€authority€with€courts€of€general€sessions€ð ðin€all€cases€of€the€violation€or€alleged€violation€of€theÐ l+¼&+ Ðcriminal€laws€of€this€state€within€the€limits€of€the€municipality.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€6„4„301(c)(1)Ð X,¨', Ð(1998);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Const.€Art.€VI,€ðð€4;€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ô,€Tenn.,€Town€Codes€ðð€1„702€(1975);€òòóóÔ4‚Ý À ÔÝ‚ ÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  ÔÔ6ÔÝ‚ ÍOƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý À EÔÔ4‚ Ý À ÔÝ‚ ÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  ÔÔ6¨ÔÝ‚ ÍO¼ƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý À êÔòòsee€alsoóóÐ D-”(-7 ÐÔ_ÔTenn.€R.€Evid.€201.€€More€specifically,€the€Collierville€Town€Codes€provide:Ð ° Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€[City€Judge]€.€.€.€shall€impose€penalties€within€his€discretion€notÐ œì Ðto€exceed€five€hundred€dollars€($500.00)€or€sentence€to€the€city€jailÐ ˆØ Ðor€county€workhouse€for€a€maximum€of€11€months€and€29€days€orÐ tÄ Ðboth€for€violations€of€the€city€charter€or€ordinances,€or€for€violationsÐ `° Ðof€state€misdemeanors€committed€within€the€police€jurisdiction€of€theÐ L œ ÐTown.€€The€City€Judge€may€bind€over€to€the€Shelby€County€GrandÐ 8 ˆ ÐJury€any€person€being€tried€in€the€city€court€for€an€offense,€if,€in€hisÐ $ t Ðjudgment,€the€person€has€probably€committed€a€felony.Ð `` x` x ÐCollierville,€Tenn.,€Town€Codes€ðð€1„704€(1975).Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àFor€the€limited€purpose€of€conferring€authority€upon€McDaniel€to€prosecute€state€lawÐ Ô$  Ðviolations€before€the€Collierville€Municipal€Court€in€addition€to€municipal€ordinance€violations,€theÐ À  ÐDistrict€Attorney€General€for€Shelby€County€appointed€McDaniel€to€serve€as€his€assistant.€€Tenn.Ð ¬ü  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€8„7„103(1)€(1993€&€Supp.€2001).€€Accordingly,€McDaniel€was€sworn€in€as€an€assistantÐ ˜è  Ðdistrict€attorney€general€before€Judge€Chris€Craft€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court.€Ð „Ô  ÐNotwithstanding€his€title€of€assistant€district€attorney€general,€McDaniel€is€compensated€for€hisÐ pÀ Ðservices€as€a€part„time€prosecutor€solely€by€the€Town€of€Collierville.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àWhile€prosecuting€cases€in€the€Collierville€Municipal€Court€on€behalf€of€both€theÐ 4„ ÐState€and€the€Town€of€Collierville,€McDaniel€has€continued€to€engage€in€the€private€practice€of€law,Ð  p Ðincluding€representing€criminal€defendants€in€the€Shelby€County€General€Sessions€and€CriminalÐ  \ ÐCourts.€€As€a€criminal€defense€attorney,€however,€he€does€not€ð ðhandle€any€state€related€casesÐ øH Ðinvolving€criminal€defendants€that€originate€in€the€Town€of€Collierville.ðð€€Also,€he€does€not€ð ðacceptÐ ä4 Ðrepresentation€of€a€criminal€defendant€if€the€case€involve[s]€a€witness€or€witnesses€that€[he]€ha[s]Ð Ð  Ðpreviously€interacted€[with]€in€[his]€capacity€as€a€prosecutor.ððÐ ¼  ÐÌ€€€€€€€€The€appellant€retained€the€services€of€McDaniel€in€the€instant€case€in€November€1999.€Ð ”ä ÐSubsequently,€on€July€9,€2001,€the€Board€of€Professional€Responsibility€of€the€Supreme€Court€ofÐ €Ð ÐTennessee€(hereinafter€the€Board)€issued€Advisory€Ethics€Opinion€No.€2001„A„742€concerning€theÐ l¼ Ðð ðpropriety€of€part„time€Assistant€District€Attorneysðð€representation€of€criminal€defendants€within€theÐ X ¨ Ðsame€judicial€district.ðð€€The€Board€concluded€that€such€representation€is€ethically€inappropriate.׃%×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РD!” ÐOn€the€basis€of€this€advisory€opinion,€on€August€29,€2001,€the€State€submitted€its€motion€toÐ 0"€  Ðdisqualify€McDaniel€as€appellantððs€counsel.€€The€trial€court€conducted€a€hearing€on€the€StateððsÐ #l! Ðmotion€on€October€2,€2001.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€October€2€hearing,€McDaniel€disputed€the€binding€authority€of€the€BoardððsÐ à%0!$ Ðadvisory€opinion€and€further€argued€that€his€title€of€assistant€district€attorney€general€is€a€mereÐ Ì&"% Ðformality.€€McDaniel€explained€that€his€appointment€as€an€assistant€district€attorney€generalÐ ¸'#& Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àwas€for€liability€purposes€in€order€to€protect€me€the€acts€that€I€did€onÐ ° Ðbehalf€of€the€Town€of€Collierville€dealing€with€issues€involving€theÐ œì ÐState€of€Tennessee€€that€I€would€be€immuned€[sic]€from€civil€liability.€Ð ˆØ ÐThat€was€the€basis€for€it.€€It€was€for€insurance€purposes.€€It€wasnððt€forÐ tÄ Ðany€other€reason.€€That€was€the€information€at€least€I€had€at€the€time.Ð`°` x` x ÐMcDaniel€emphasized€that€he€did€not€share€office€facilities€with€any€member€of€the€District€AttorneyÐ L œ ÐGeneralððs€office.€€He€also€noted€that,€in€performing€his€duties€as€a€part„time€prosecutor€for€the€TownÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€Collierville,€he€only€infrequently€encountered€members€of€the€Shelby€County€SheriffððsÐ $ t ÐDepartment.€€Indeed,€he€asserted€that,€during€his€nine„year€tenure€as€a€part„time€prosecutor,€only€oneÐ  ` Ðof€his€prosecutions€had€involved€a€Shelby€County€Sheriffððs€Deputy;€the€remaining€prosecutionsÐ ü L  Ðð ðalmost€exclusively€involve[d]€Collierville€police€officers.ððÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àAdditionally,€the€appellant€confirmed€at€the€October€2€hearing€that€he€was€aware€ofÐ À  ÐMcDanielððs€position€as€a€part„time€assistant€district€attorney€general.€€He€nevertheless€affirmed€hisÐ ¬ü  Ðdesire€that€McDaniel€continue€to€represent€him€in€this€case,€noting€that€his€defense€would€beÐ ˜è  Ðprejudiced€by€McDanielððs€removal.€€He€remarked,€ð ð[F]or€a€whole€two€years,€[McDaniel€has]€beenÐ „Ô  Ðwith€my€case,€with€me€and€heððs€more€comfortable€with€my€family.€€It€would€take€an€additional€timeÐ pÀ Ðfor€[a]€new€lawyer€to€look€at€this€case€and€look€„€„€look€at€whatððs€going€on.ððÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€concluded€that€McDanielððs€position€as€a€part„time€assistant€districtÐ 4„ Ðattorney€general€while€simultaneously€defending€the€appellant€against€the€Stateððs€prosecution€in€theÐ  p ÐShelby€County€Criminal€Court€created,€at€a€minimum,€a€ð ðperceivedðð€conflict€of€interest.€Ð  \ ÐSpecifically,€the€trial€court€observed:Ð øH Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àFirst,€this€court€finds€there€is€a€close€relationship€between€theÐ ä4 ÐCollierville€City€Prosecutor€and€the€Shelby€County€SheriffððsÐ Ð  ÐDepartment.€€Statements€made€by€both€the€state€and€the€defenseÐ ¼  Ðcounsel€at€the€hearing€on€this€matter€indicated€that€the€defenseÐ ¨ø Ðcounsel,€Mark€McDaniel,€acting€as€the€prosecutor€for€the€City€ofÐ ”ä ÐCollierville,€was€sworn€in€before€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€CourtÐ €Ð ÐJudge€Chris€Craft€and€took€the€oath€of€office€as€an€Assistant€ShelbyÐ l¼ ÐCounty€District€Attorney,€specially€appointed€to€act€as€a€ColliervilleÐ X ¨ Ðcity€prosecutor.€€As€such,€Mr.€McDaniel€is€authorized,€in€his€role€asÐ D!” Ða€city€prosecutor,€to€prosecute€violations€of€the€municipal€and€countyÐ 0"€  Ðlaws€as€well€as€the€state€criminal€codes.€In€pursuit€of€suchÐ #l! Ðprosecutions,€it€is€likely€that€the€city€prosecutor€will€have€regularÐ $X" Ðcontact€with€the€Shelby€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€Thus,€thisÐ ô$D # Ðcourt€finds€that€in€addition€to€the€actual€link€between€the€two€offices,Ð à%0!$ Ðthe€likely€perception€of€the€community€is€that€the€prosecutor€for€theÐ Ì&"% ÐCity€of€Collierville€is€in€actuality€a€representative€of€the€ShelbyÐ ¸'#& ÐCounty€District€€Attorneyððs€Office€and€acts€with€authority€from€theÐ ¤(ô#' ÐShelby€County€District€€Attorney.€€Finally,€this€court€finds€that€in€theÐ )à$( Ðinstant€case,€the€defendant€is€clearly€being€prosecuted€by€ShelbyÐ |*Ì%) ÐCounty€officials.€€Here,€the€defendant€is€charged€with€a€crime,Ð h+¸&* ÐÑzãÑâ âÑ8€ëÀXXdìXXdì8Ñâ âÑ  Ñcommitted€in€Shelby€County,€likely€investigated€by€Shelby€CountyÐ ° ÐSheriffððs€Deputies€and€prosecuted€by€the€Shelby€County€DistrictÐ œì ÐAttorneyððs€office.€Moreover,€his€counsel€of€record€is€an€employee€ofÐ ˆØ Ðthe€division€of€government€which€seeks€to€prosecute€and€punish€himÐ tÄ Ðfor€his€alleged€criminal€actions.Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTherefore,€this€court€finds€that,€even€if€the€above€facts€do€not€giveÐ 8 ˆ Ðrise€to€an€actual€conflict€of€interest,€the€State€has€met€its€burden€ofÐ $ t Ðproving€that€a€perceived€conflict€of€interest€exists.Ð `` x` x Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.€Ð ü L  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[A]€city€prosecutor€.€.€.€is€actually€engaged€in€the€criminal€process€.€.Ð è 8  Ð.€and€.€.€.,€in€the€course€of€performing€[his]€duties,€may€act€inÐ Ô$  Ðconjunction€with€County€law€enforcement€officials€to€prosecuteÐ À  Ðalleged€criminal€violations.€.€.€.€[T]o€allow€an€attorney,€acting€underÐ ¬ü  Ðsuch€authority,€to€represent€a€criminal€defendant€charged€with€a€crimeÐ ˜è  Ðin€Shelby€County€creates€a€conflict€of€interest€not€only€with€regard€toÐ „Ô  Ðthe€defendantððs€right€to€fair€and€impartial€representation,€but€also€withÐ pÀ Ðregard€to€the€Stateððs€interest.€€As€an€employee€of€the€Shelby€CountyÐ \¬ ÐDistrict€Attorneyððs€office,€Mr.€McDaniel,€has€a€duty€to€the€citizens€ofÐ H˜ ÐShelby€County€not€to€actively€represent€conflicting€interests.€€Thus,Ð 4„ Ðeven€if€the€defendant€could€waive€the€conflict,€as€he€claims€he€wishesÐ  p Ðto€do,€the€state€is€not€required€to€comply€with€such€waiver€and€cannotÐ  \ Ðbe€compelled€to€effectively€relinquish€their€right€to€object€to€theÐ øH Ðconflict€of€interest€created€when€one€of€their€members€activelyÐ ä4 Ðrepresents€an€opposing€party.ÐÐ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.м ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àFinally,€this€court€notes€that€the€defendant€indicated€that€he€felt€heÐ ¨ø Ðwould€be€prejudiced€if€he€was€forced€to€retain€new€counsel€at€thisÐ ”ä Ðstage€of€the€€proceedings.€€This€court€also€finds€this€argument€to€beÐ €Ð Ðunpersuasive.€€€The€defendant€will€be€given€adequate€opportunity€toÐ l¼ Ðretain€new€counsel€and€the€defendantððs€new€attorney€will€be€givenÐ X ¨ Ðsufficient€time€to€prepare€for€trial.€€Thus,€this€court€finds€theÐ D!” Ðdefendant€is€not€prejudiced€by€requiring€his€present€counsel€toÐ 0"€  Ðwithdraw,€but€rather€finds€the€defendantððs€rights€to€a€fair€andÐ #l! Ðimpartial€representation€will€be€fostered€by€the€removal€of€Mr.Ð $X" ÐMcDaniel.Ðô$D #` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àPursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€9,€the€appellant€requested€the€trial€courtððs€permissionÐ Ì&"% Ðto€appeal€its€order€disqualifying€McDaniel.€€The€trial€court€granted€the€appellantððs€motion,€and€thisÐ ¸'#& Ðcourt€followed€suit€in€order€to€address€whether€McDanielððs€dual€roles€as€part„time€assistant€districtÐ ¤(ô#' Ðattorney€general€and€defense€counsel€created€a€conflict€of€interest.Ð )à$( ÐÌà@éé$ìàòòò òII.€€Analysisó óóóˆÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€rests€his€claim€of€error€largely€upon€his€qualified€right€underÐ ° Ðthe€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€to€select€and€be€represented€by€his€preferredÐ œì Ðattorney.€€Specifically,€the€appellant€asserts€that€only€an€actual€conflict€of€interest€will€justify€theÐ ˆØ Ðinfringement€of€this€qualified€right,€and€the€State€failed€to€meet€its€burden€of€proof€in€this€regard.€Ð tÄ ÐMoreover,€the€appellant€asserts€that€he€ð ðknowingly€and€voluntarily€waive[d]€any€perceived€conflictÐ `° Ðof€interest.ðð€€The€State€responds€that€the€mere€appearance€of€impropriety€warrants€McDanielððsÐ L œ Ðdisqualification€from€representing€the€appellant.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà@ÌÌ!ìàA.€Right€to€CounselˆÐ  ` Ðà  àà ` àThe€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€1,€Section€9€ofÐ ü L  Ðthe€Tennessee€Constitution€guarantee€a€defendant€in€state€criminal€prosecutions€the€assistance€ofÐ è 8  Ðcounsel.€€òòGideon€v.€Wainwrightóó,€372€U.S.€335,€342,€83€S.€Ct.€792,€795€(1963);€òòState€v.€Northingtonóó,Ð Ô$  Ð667€S.W.2d€57,€60€(Tenn.€1984).€€Moreover,€ð ða€criminal€defendant€who€desires€and€is€financiallyÐ À  Ðable€to€retain€his€own€counsel€ððshould€be€afforded€a€fair€opportunity€to€secure€counsel€of€his€ownÐ ¬ü  Ðchoice.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Thomas€Dee€Huskeyóó,€No.€E2002„00030„CCA„R10„CD,€2002€Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ˜è  ÐLEXIS€265,€at€*10€(Knoxville,€Mar.€26,€2002)€(quoting€òòPowell€v.€Alabamaóó,€287€U.S.€45,€53,€53€S.Ð „Ô  ÐCt.€55,€58€(1932)).€€ð ððð[O]nce€counsel€has€been€chosen,€whether€by€the€court€or€the€accused,€theÐ pÀ Ðaccused€is€entitled€to€the€assistance€of€that€counsel€at€trial.ðððð€€òòId.óó€at€*15€(quoting€òòEnglish€v.€Stateóó,€259Ð \¬ ÐA.2d€822,€826€(Md.€Ct.€Spec.€App.€1969)).Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àThat€having€been€said,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€further€observed,Ð  p Ðð ð[W]hile€the€right€to€select€and€be€represented€by€oneððs€preferred€attorney€is€comprehended€by€theÐ  \ ÐSixth€Amendment,€the€essential€aim€of€the€Amendment€is€to€guarantee€an€effective€advocate€for€eachÐ øH Ðcriminal€defendant€rather€than€to€ensure€that€a€defendant€will€inexorably€be€represented€by€the€lawyerÐ ä4 Ðwhom€he€prefers.ðð€€òòWheat€v.€United€Statesóó,€486€U.S.€153,€159,€108€S.€Ct.€1692,€1697€(1988).€€Thus,Ð Ð  Ðapplying€both€the€federal€and€state€constitutions,€we€have€concluded€that€ð ð[t]he€right€to€beÐ ¼  Ðrepresented€by€counsel€of€oneððs€choice€is€qualified€and€ððmust€be€balanced€against€the€requirementsÐ ¨ø Ðof€the€fair€and€proper€administration€of€justice.ðððð€€òòHuskeyóó,€No.€E2002„00030„CCA„R10„CD,€2002Ð ”ä ÐTenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€265,€at€*11€(quoting€òòUnited€States€v.€Mickeóó,€859€F.2d€473,€480€(7òòthóó€Cir.Ð €Ð Ð1988)).Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àCircumstances€that€demand€the€removal€or€disqualification€of€counsel€in€the€interestÐ D!” Ðof€justice,€notwithstanding€the€implication€of€the€defendantððs€right€to€counsel,€include,€at€aÐ 0"€  Ðminimum,€an€attorneyððs€actual€conflict€of€interest.€€òòId.óó€at€**16„17€(citing€òòWheatóó,€486€U.S.€at€164,Ð #l! Ð108€S.€Ct.€at€1700,€and€òòState€v.€Thompsonóó,€768€S.W.2d€239,€245€(Tenn.€1989));€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.Ð $X" ÐParrottóó,€919€S.W.2d€60,€61€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòcf.óó€òòState€v.€Oodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€558€(Tenn.Ð ô$D # ÐCrim.€App.€1991).€€Indeed,€the€Supreme€Court€unambiguously€stated€in€òòWheatóó,€486€U.S.€at€159,€108Ð à%0!$ ÐS€.Ct.€at€1697,€that€a€criminal€defendant€may€not€ð ðinsist€on€the€counsel€of€an€attorney€who€has€aÐ Ì&"% Ðprevious€or€ongoing€relationship€with€an€opposing€party,€even€when€the€opposing€party€is€theÐ ¸'#& ÐGovernment.ðð€€Correspondingly,€the€Court€noted€in€òòWheatóó€that,€even€assuming€a€waiver€of€anyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconflict€by€òòallóó€affected€parties,€ð ðcourts€have€an€independent€interest€in€ensuring€that€criminal€trialsÐ )à$( Ðare€conducted€within€the€ethical€standards€of€the€profession€and€that€legal€proceedings€appear€fairÐ |*Ì%) Ðto€all€who€observe€them.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€160,€108€S.€Ct.€at€1698;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòKevin€Burns€v.€Stateóó,€No.€W2000„Ð h+¸&* Ð02871„CCA„R9„PD,€2001€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€625,€at€**11„12€(Jackson,€Aug.€9,€2001).Ð ° ÐÌÓ  ÓB.€Conflicts€of€InterestÐ ˆØ Ði.€€Standard€of€ReviewÐ tÄ ÐÓTÓà  àà ` àAgain,€the€trial€court€in€this€case€concluded€that,€at€a€minimum,€McDanielððs€positionÐ `° Ðas€a€part„time€assistant€district€attorney€general€while€simultaneously€defending€the€appellant€againstÐ L œ Ðthe€Stateððs€prosecution€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€created€a€ð ðperceivedðð€conflict€of€interestÐ 8 ˆ Ðrequiring€McDanielððs€disqualification.€€On€appeal,€we€will€overturn€a€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€attorneyÐ $ t Ðdisqualification€only€upon€finding€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòClinard€v.€Blackwoodóó,€46€S.W.3d€177,Ð  ` Ð182€(Tenn.€2001).€€An€abuse€of€discretion€occurs€when€a€trial€court€ð ðððapplies€an€incorrect€legalÐ ü L  Ðstandard,€or€reaches€a€decision€which€is€against€logic€or€reasoning€that€causes€an€injustice€to€theÐ è 8  Ðparty€complaining.ðððð€òòId.óó€(quoting€òòState€v.€Shirleyóó,€6€S.W.3d€243,€247€(Tenn.€1999)).€€Because€weÐ Ô$  Ðconclude€that€McDanielððs€dual€roles€as€part„time€prosecutor€and€defense€counsel€created€an€actualÐ À  Ðconflict€of€interest,€we€need€not€address€whether€any€ð ðperceivedðð€conflict€warranted€disqualification.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÓ  Óii.€€Actual€Conflict€of€InterestÐ „Ô  ÐÓrYÓà  àà ` àTenn.€Sup.€Ct.€R.€8,€DR€5„105€specifically€provides:€Ð pÀ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(B)€A€lawyer€shall€not€continue€multiple€employment€if€the€exerciseÐ \¬ Ðof€independent€professional€judgment€in€behalf€of€a€client€will€be€orÐ H˜ Ðis€likely€to€be€adversely€affected€by€the€lawyerððs€representation€ofÐ 4„ Ðanother€client,€or€if€it€would€be€likely€to€involve€the€lawyer€inÐ  p Ðrepresenting€differing€interests,€except€to€the€extend€permitted€underÐ  \ ÐDR€5„105(C).ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(C)€In€the€situation[]€covered€[above],€a€lawyer€may€representÐ Ð  Ðmultiple€clients€if€it€is€obvious€that€the€lawyer€can€adequatelyÐ ¼  Ðrepresent€the€interest€of€each€and€if€each€consents€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðrepresentation€after€full€disclosure€of€the€possible€effect€of€suchÐ ”ä Ðrepresentation€on€the€exercise€of€the€lawyerððs€independentÐ €Ð Ðprofessional€judgment€on€behalf€of€each.Ðl¼` x` x ÐÓ€ (¶é83ÓØ! !ØòòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Sup.€Ct.€R.€8,€EC€5„1€(ð ðThe€professional€judgment€of€a€lawyer€should€be€exercised,Ð X ¨ Ðwithin€the€bounds€of€the€law,€solely€for€the€benefit€of€the€client€and€free€of€compromising€influencesÐ D!” Ðand€loyalties.ðð).€€Echoing€this€disciplinary€rule,€our€supreme€court€has€observed€in€turn€that€ð ðanÐ 0"€  Ðactual€conflict€of€interest€.€.€.€includes€any€circumstances€in€which€an€attorney€cannot€exercise€hisÐ #l! Ðor€her€independent€professional€judgment€free€of€ððcompromising€interests€and€loyalties.ðððð€òòState€v.Ð $X" ÐCulbreathóó,€30€S.W.3d€309,€312€(Tenn.€2000)€(citation€omitted).€€In€other€words,€ð ð[a]n€actual€conflictÐ ô$D # Ðof€interest€is€usually€defined€in€the€context€of€one€attorney€representing€two€or€more€parties€withÐ à%0!$ Ðdivergent€interests.€.€.€.€€The€term€has€been€described€as€a€ððsituation€in€which€regard€for€one€dutyÐ Ì&"% Ðtends€to€lead€to€[the]€disregard€of€another.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€925€S.W.2d€548,€552„552€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ¸'#& ÐApp.€1995)€(citation€omitted);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòBryan€Hanley€v.€Stateóó,€No.€M2000„02182„CCA„R3„PC,€2001Ð ¤(ô#' ÐTenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€898,€at€*9€(Nashville,€Nov.€16,€2001),€òòÔ‡XëÀXXXëÀÔperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,Ô#†XëÀXXXëÀd#Ô€(Tenn.Ð )à$( Ð2002).€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€in€this€case€argues€that€our€supreme€courtððs€decision€in€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,Ð ° Ð726€S.W.2d€515€(Tenn.€1987),€precludes€any€conclusion€that€McDanielððs€dual€roles€as€prosecutorÐ œì Ðand€defense€counsel€created€an€actual€conflict€of€interest.€In€òòJonesóó,€the€supreme€court€rejected€theÐ ˆØ Ðblanket€proposition€that€a€conflict€of€interest,€actual€or€apparent,€necessarily€inheres€in€an€attorneyððsÐ tÄ Ðrepresentation€of€a€criminal€defendant€in€a€county€in€which€the€attorney€is€employed€as€the€partnerÐ `° Ðof€the€county€attorney.€òòId.òòóóóó€at€520;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòDemarcus€Sheriff€Smith€v.€Stateóó,€No.€W2001„01353„Ð L œ ÐCCA„R3„PC,€2002€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€189,€at€**6„11€(Jackson,€Mar.€8,€2002),€òòÔ‡XëÀXXXëÀÔperm.€to€appealÐ 8 ˆ Ðdismissedóó,Ô#†XëÀXXXëÀh#Ô€(Tenn.€2002).€€In€light€of€the€distinction€between€the€roles€of€a€county€attorney€and€a€stateÐ $ t Ðprosecutor,€however,€we€disagree€that€the€decision€in€òòJonesóó€constitutes€controlling€authority€in€thisÐ  ` Ðcase.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àRather,€we€are€persuaded€by€the€logic€of€the€Boardððs€recently€issued€Formal€EthicsÐ Ô$  ÐOpinion€2002„F„146€that€ð ð[t]he€duties€of€a€state€prosecutor€or€assistant€and€such€lawyerððs€duties€asÐ À  Ðcriminal€defense€counsel€in€a€state€court€are€clearly€in€conflict.ðð€€In€this€regard,€the€Board€observedÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€ð ð[p]rosecutors€have€taken€an€oath€of€office€to€uphold€and€apply€state€law€in€prosecutions€andÐ ˜è  Ðassist€municipal,€county,€and€state€law€enforcement€officers€in€prosecuting€alleged€crime;ððÐ „Ô  Ðrepresentation€of€criminal€defendants,€on€the€contrary,€requires€challenging€the€very€laws€theÐ pÀ Ðprosecutor€is€charged€to€enforce€and€requires€vigorously€cross„examining€or€otherwise€challengingÐ \¬ Ðthe€testimony€of€law€enforcement€personnel.€€òòId.óó€€Moreover,Ô‡XëÀXXXëÀÔÐ H˜ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[e]ven€if€cross„examination€of€such€personnel€would€not€involve€theÐ 4„ Ðdisclosure€of€confidences€and€secrets€of€the€state€or€municipality,€theÐ  p Ðdesire€to€maintain€a€harmonious€working€relationship€with€these€lawÐ  \ Ðenforcement€officers€could€adversely€affect€the€inquiring€attorneyððsÐ øH Ðzeal€in€conducting€such€cross„examination.€€à p àÐä4` x` x ÐòòÔ#†XëÀXXXëÀm#ÔÔ‡XëÀXXXëÀÔId.óóÔ#†XëÀXXXëÀWo#Ô€€Other€jurisdictions€have€likewise€been€persuaded€that€ð ðthe€nature€and€duties€of€a€publicÐ Ð  Ðprosecutor€are€inherently€incompatible€with€the€obligations€of€a€criminal€defense€counsel.ðð€€òòPeopleÐ ¼  Ðv.€Rhodesóó,€524€P.2d€363,€367€(Cal.€1974);€òòcf.óó€òòGoodson€v.€Peytonóó,€351€F.2d€905,€908„909€(4òòthóó€Cir.Ð ¨ø Ð1965);€òòIn€re€Darren€T.€Coleóó,€738€N.E.2d€1035,€1037€(Ind.€2000);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€853€P.2d€851,€857„Ð ”ä Ð859€(Utah€1992);€òòLanda€v.€Rathóó,€568€N.Y.S.2d€278,€280€(N.Y.€Sup.€Ct.€1991).Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€particular,€we€find€the€observations€of€the€Supreme€Court€of€California€in€òòRhodesóó,Ð X ¨ Ð524€P.2d€at€365,€to€be€instructive.€€In€òòRhodesóó,€the€court€addressed€the€propriety€of€a€defendantððsÐ D!” Ðrepresentation€in€a€state€criminal€prosecution€by€a€municipal€attorney€whose€prosecutorialÐ 0"€  Ðresponsibilities€were€limited€to€violations€of€municipal€ordinances.€€The€court€indicated€that,€if€theÐ #l! Ðprosecutorial€responsibilities€of€the€defendantððs€attorney€were€not€limited€to€violations€of€municipalÐ $X" Ðordinances,€there€would€be€a€ð ðdirect€conflict.ðð€€òòId.óó€€In€any€event,€the€court€observed,Ð ô$D # Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[i]n€the€situation€confronting€a€city€attorney€acting€as€a€defenseÐ à%0!$ Ðcounsel€there€inevitably€will€arise€a€struggle€between,€on€the€oneÐ Ì&"% Ðhand,€counselððs€obligation€to€represent€his€client€to€the€best€of€hisÐ ¸'#& Ðability€and,€on€the€other€hand,€a€public€prosecutorððs€naturalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðinclination€not€to€anger€[law€enforcement€personnel]€whoseÐ )à$( Ðassistance€he€relies€upon€in€carrying€out€his€prosecutorialÐ |*Ì%) Ðresponsibilities.€€Such€a€conflict€of€interest€would€operate€to€depriveÐ h+¸&* Ða€criminal€defendant€of€the€undivided€loyalty€of€defense€counsel€toÐ ° Ðwhich€he€is€entitled.€Ðœì` x` x ÐòòId.óó€at€366.€The€court€added€in€dicta€that,€because€the€interests€of€the€criminal€justice€system€as€wellÐ ˆØ Ðas€those€of€the€defendant€were€implicated€by€a€city€attorneyððs€representation€of€criminal€defendants,Ð tÄ Ðð ðthe€consent€of€the€defendant€alone€is€not€sufficient€to€render€such€representation€proper.ðð€òòÔ‡XëÀXXXëÀÔId.Ô#†XëÀXXXëÀXy#Ôóó€at€366Ð `° Ðn.€8.€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€short,€an€actual€conflict€of€interest€prohibited€McDanielððs€representation€of€theÐ $ t Ðappellant,€and€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€refusing€the€appellantððs€waiver€of€thatÐ  ` Ðconflict.€€In€this€case,€McDaniel€attempts€to€defend€the€appellant€in€the€criminal€court€of€the€countyÐ ü L  Ðin€which€he€holds€the€title€of€assistant€district€attorney€general.€€McDaniel€repeatedly€maintains€thatÐ è 8  Ðhe€is€the€prosecutor€for€the€Town€of€Collierville€and€that€his€title€of€assistant€district€attorney€generalÐ Ô$  Ðis€a€ð ðmere€formality,ðð€assumed€solely€for€ð ðinsurance€purposes.ðð€€However,€counsel€overlooks€theÐ À  Ðsource€of€his€need€for€additional€insurance,€namely€the€delegation€by€the€Shelby€County€DistrictÐ ¬ü  ÐAttorney€General€to€McDaniel€of€authority€to€prosecute€violations€of€state€laws€committed€withinÐ ˜è  Ðthe€Town€of€Collierville.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð8„7„103(7)€(Supp.€2001);€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€653Ð „Ô  ÐS.W.2d€757,€760€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€Having€concluded€that€McDanielððs€title€as€an€assistantÐ pÀ Ðdistrict€attorney€general€is€more€than€a€mere€formality,€we€decline€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.Ð \¬ ÐÌòòà@ff#ìàò òIII.€ConclusionˆÐ 4„ Ðà  àà ` àó óóóFinding€no€abuse€of€discretion,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð  p ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEÐ Ð  ÐÌÌ€€€€€€€Ð ”ä ÐÌÌ€€€€€€€Ð X ¨ Ѐ€€€€€Ð D!” ЀÌÌ€€€€€€€€€