ÿWPC· ÐIÎ|ÿ(«SÃbÛ¨ð´Ô50ßýhH?ªkMk-ù].+ ÐesJ×Ie¨ûú“1÷5Ù·î1T­ÙPͶh÷—p‰3„ÄäUaäü6%‰¨èkÊŠm\Êýº ®&Àn@¡c¢Ýÿi#—Ìt’ÇÑÙ©1§—³š2HªÀèÿ™Ùiµb³ø"ˆÈ ìiQ…±v>_1Ǹži»Pàùšõ7•¥óïhÁG&RnÐÁqIkŸmv³Ê ãz&”AáåÉË€MοË0NÏóí¤ÞOZA‚,Ú+O=ä˜~€E€ÚôÈHÊ=º†:ô±@U74/³˜bcøÿ÷Dz÷éèjRsš §bÌòýb‹Æã\$»%¢¶{êÓ~¿£”;o¬0!qczRªë3ò'¨› þXès†·¬1ÍŒ^» Q[ß uÎ ·7÷ª´Õ*Ô’ØŽ×âIÔ,R­•zNÖ_k­~š Ï}xmC¥ÙÄ,'yALXÛ8ÍnvÐÃvª/Cve ¡ÒTÀÈ¢ž£€o:ˆŒ" ñeüˆÝÆ‚›÷¼ƒeŠêp ÿ!”XãÀùb#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% U N­ þû 0Dù z= Ò· z‰ Ò^ ÕwáÆåÆ«ÆqÆ74ýN"E$ m&U@=Å}}jBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBb¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ 0ë´´´´ BŸŸ 0¤¼ D3` D-“ 0KÀÀ AS Æ^ 0¤$ 0DÈ A« ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ôÝ ƒRÌ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôìeò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAfter€a€motion€to€appoint€counsel€in€this€court,€an€order€was€entered€denying€the€request.€€The€order€providesÐ ° Ðthat€"the€petition€does€not€demonstrate€potential€merit€as€to€render€the€appointment€of€counsel€necessary€in€this€caseÐ tÄ Ðpursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„14„204,€even€if€the€petitioner€is€determined€to€be€indigent."€òòóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpts€-s Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 53j1,ê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman  »Ý ƒRÌ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôìeò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„312€(abuse€of€corpse).€€ WILKS Cupp Crim P.J.WedemeyerMcLaneyEdmondsonPottsPassarella S.W.malemHartzlerDrowotamalumA.L.R.HerbrandU]nlessAm.JurKanovan- ù-(|G2Ì$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I}»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôìeò»»Ô d(|3‚$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I}»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‚$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I}»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I}»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼I}»»»ÔÑ8€QXXdì»»d8ÑÔ€¼I}»»¼I}Ôà@ttìàÔ‡î@I}ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼I}»îî@+#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€29,€2002Ð üL ÐÔ‡XQX»¼I}ÔÌò òÔ#†¼I}»XXQ@#ÔROBERT€L.€WILKS€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ‡XQX»¼I}Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Johnson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€3897€€€€€€Robert€E.€Cupp,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00846„CCA„R3„PCÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€13,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Robert€L.€Ô_ÔWilksÔ_Ô,€appeals€from€the€trial€court's€denial€of€his€petition€for€habeas€corpusÐ xÈ  Ðrelief.€€The€trial€court€did€not€appoint€counsel.€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€petitioner€alleges€that€theÐ d´ Ðtrial€court€erred€by€denying€the€appointment€of€counsel€and€by€entering€the€order€of€summaryÐ P  Ðdismissal.€€The€judgment€is€affirmed.Ð <Œ ÐÓÒÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼I}»àXQ«#ÔÔ‡XQX.¼I}ÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Rileyóó€and€òòRobert€W.Ð ì< ÐWedemeyer,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ø( ÐÌRobert€L.€Ô_ÔWilksÔ_Ô,€Mountain€City,€Tennessee,€pro€se.Ð ° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter,€and€Thomas€E.€Williams,€III,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ ˆØ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.€Ð tÄ ÐÌÓ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼I}»XXQ<#ÔÔ‡XQX»¼I}ÔÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼I}»XXQy #ÔÔ‡XQX»¼I}ÔÓ  Óà  àBeÔ#†¼I}»XXQ× #ÔÔ€XQX»¼I}Ôtween€1978€and€1988,€the€petitioner,€a€funeral€director,€committed€several€crimes€relatedÐ #`" Ðto€the€operation€of€his€funeral€home€in€Robertson€County.€€After€being€charged€with€71€felonies€andÐ ü#L# Ðmisdemeanors,€the€petitioner€entered€pleas€of€guilt€to€17€counts€of€obtaining€money€under€falseÐ è$8 $ Ðpretenses,€six€counts€of€attempt€to€commit€a€felony,€and€25€counts€of€the€common€law€misdemeanorÐ Ô%$!% Ðoffense€of€improper€disposal€of€a€dead€body.€€The€petitioner€was€sentenced€to€three€years€on€eachÐ À&"& Ðcount€of€obtaining€money€under€false€pretenses,€two€years€on€each€conviction€for€attempt€to€commitÐ ¬'ü"' Ða€felony,€and€11€months€and€29€days€on€each€of€the€misdemeanors.€€Because€several€of€the€offensesÐ ˜(è#( Ðwere€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively,€the€effective€term€was€just€under€28€years,€to€be€servedÐ „)Ô$) Ðconcurrently€with€a€prior€sentence€of€four€and€one„half€years€for€an€offense€in€Sumner€County.€€EachÐ p*À%* Ðjudgment€was€entered€on€November€1,€1989,€based€upon€guilty€pleas€entered€October€10€of€that€year.€Ð \+¬&+ ÐThis€court€affirmed€the€sentence€on€direct€appeal.€òòState€v.€Robert€Lewis€Ô_ÔWilksÔ_Ôóó,€No.€01C01„9002„Ð H,˜', ÐCR„00039€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Nov.€16,€1990).€€In€a€petition€for€habeas€corpus€reliefÐ 4-„(-ý‚ ÐÔ_Ôfiled€December€4,€2001,€in€Johnson€County,€where€the€petitioner€is€serving€his€prison€term,€theÐ ° Ðpetitioner€alleged€that€his€25€convictions€for€"mishandling€of€dead€body"€were€void€because€thereÐ œì Ðwas€no€such€offense.€€After€the€state€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss,€the€petitioner€requested€theÐ ˆØ Ðappointment€of€counsel,€which€the€trial€court€denied.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àIn€its€motion€to€dismiss,€the€state€argued€that€mishandling€a€dead€body€was€a€common€lawÐ L œ Ðmisdemeanor€and€that€common€law€offenses€in€Tennessee€were€in€full€force€and€effect€until€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðadoption€of€the€1989€Act,€effective€November€1€of€that€year.€€The€state€alleged€that€Tennessee€CodeÐ $ t ÐAnnotated€section€16„10„102€(1989)€empowered€the€circuit€court€which€entered€the€judgment,€withÐ  ` Ð"exclusive€original€jurisdiction€of€all€crimes€and€misdemeanors,€either€as€common€law€or€by€statute,Ð ü L  Ðunless€otherwise€expressly€provided€by€statute."€€The€trial€court€dismissed€the€petition,€concludingÐ è 8  Ðthat€because€this€court€had€recognized€the€validity€of€the€common€law€offense€in€its€1990€opinionÐ Ô$  Ðaffirming€the€petitioner's€convictions,€the€petitioner€was€not€entitled€to€relief€from€the€misdemeanorÐ À  Ðconvictions.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àIn€this€appeal,€the€petitioner€initially€argues€that€òòMcLaney€v.€Bellóó,€59€S.W.3d€90€(2001),Ð „Ô  Ðrequires€the€appointment€of€counsel.€€In€òòMcLaneyóó,€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€it€was,€in€fact,Ð pÀ Ðerroneous€for€the€trial€court€to€refuse€to€appoint€counsel€when€the€petitioner€failed€to€include€theÐ \¬ Ðdocuments€necessary€for€summary€review.€€òòId.óó€at€94„95.€€This€case€is€distinguishable,€however,Ð H˜ Ðbecause€the€documents€necessary€for€adjudication€of€the€issue€have€been€included€in€the€record.€Ð 4„ ÐEven€if€the€petitioner€is€indigent,€he€does€not€necessarily€qualify€for€the€appointment€of€counsel€inÐ  p Ða€habeas€corpus€petition.€€The€petitioner€must€demonstrate€some€potential€merit€in€his€claims.€€òòÔ‡XQXXXQÔSeeóó€òòóóÐ  \ ÐòòState€ex€rel.€Edmondson€v.€Hendersonóó,€220€Tenn.€605,€421€S.W.2d€635,€636„37€(Tenn.€1967).€€Ô#†XQXXXQ(#ÔÐ øH ÐÌà  àA€"person€imprisoned€or€restrained€of€[his]€liberty,€under€any€pretense€whatsoever,€.€.€.€mayÐ Ð  Ðprosecute€a€writ€of€habeas€corpus,€to€inquire€into€the€cause€of€such€imprisonment."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ¼  Ððð€29-21-101.€€A€writ€of€habeas€corpus,€however,€is€available€only€when€it€appears€on€the€face€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðjudgment€or€the€record€that€the€convicting€court€was€without€jurisdiction€to€convict€or€sentence€theÐ ”ä Ðpetitioner€or€that€the€sentence€of€imprisonment€has€otherwise€expired.€€òòArcher€v.€Stateóó,€851€S.W.2dÐ €Ð Ð157,€164€(Tenn.€1993);€òòPotts€v.€Stateóó,€833€S.W.2d€60,€62€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€procedural€requirementsÐ l¼ Ðfor€habeas€corpus€relief€are€mandatory€and€must€be€scrupulously€followed.€€òòArcheróó,€851€S.W.2d€atÐ X ¨ Ð165.€€A€trial€court€may€summarily€dismiss€a€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus€without€theÐ D!” Ðappointment€of€a€lawyer€and€without€an€evidentiary€hearing€if€there€is€nothing€on€the€face€of€theÐ 0"€  Ðjudgment€to€indicate€that€the€convictions€addressed€therein€are€void.€€òòPassarella€v.€Stateóó,€891€S.W.2dÐ #l! Ð619,€627€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).Ð $X" Ðâ âÐ ô$D # Ðà  àUnder€our€current€law,€an€indictment€does€not€charge€a€cognizable€offense€if€there€is€not€aÐ ° Ðstatute׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€creating€the€offense.€€That€was€not€so,€however,€prior€to€November€1,€1989.€€Common€lawÐ œì Ðâ âoffenses€existed€until€that€date:€€"[U]nless€it€existed€at€common€law,€or€can€properly€be€evolved€fromÐ ˆØ Ðthe€principles€of€the€common€law,€either€of€which€would€be€sufficient,"€an€indictment€is€not€anÐ tÄ Ðoffense€unless€established€by€statute.€€òòThompson€v.€Stateóó,€105€Tenn.€177,€180,€58€S.W.€213,€213€Ð `° Ð(1900).€€In€order€to€qualify€for€habeas€corpus€relief,€the€petitioner€must€establish€that€the€mishandlingÐ L œ Ðor€improper€disposal€of€a€dead€body€was€not€a€common€law€offense.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àIn€òòThompsonóó,€our€supreme€court€recognized€as€sacred€"an€undisturbed€repose€of€the€humanÐ  ` Ðbody€when€buried."€€òòId.óó€€It€described€as€an€indictable€offense€the€"indecent€taking€and€carrying€awayÐ ü L  Ðof€[a]€dead€body"€with€an€intent€for€profit.€€òòId.óó€€The€actual€holding€was€that€the€unauthorizedÐ è 8  Ðdisposition€and€sale€of€a€human€corpse€for€gain€and€profit€was€a€common€law€high€gradeÐ Ô$  Ðmisdemeanor,€malum€in€se.€€òòId.óó€at€214.€€Ð À  ÐÌà  àAt€81€A.L.R.€3d€1071,€the€common€law€crime€of€indecently€disposing€of€a€dead€body€isÐ ˜è  Ðrecognized€as€a€valid€charge.€€òòSeeóó€John€S.€Herbrand,€Annotation,€òòValidity,€Construction,€andÐ „Ô  ÐApplication€of€Statutes,€Making€It€a€Criminal€Offense€to€Mistreat€or€Wrongfully€Dispose€of€DeadÐ pÀ ÐBodyóó,€81€A.L.R.€3d€(1977€&€Supp.€2002).€€The€gravamen€of€the€offense€is€that€the€facts€supportingÐ \¬ Ðthe€crime€be€such€that€"the€feelings€and€natural€sentiments€of€the€public€would€be€outraged."€€òòId.óó€atÐ H˜ Ð1073€(citing€òòState€v.€Bradburyóó,€9€A.2d€657€(Me.€1939)).€€Other€authorities€confirm€that€disposal€ofÐ 4„ Ða€dead€body€in€a€manner€contrary€to€common€decency€qualifies€as€a€common€law€offense.€€òòSeeÐ  p Ðgenerallyóó€òòBaker€v.€Stateóó,€223€S.W.2d€809€(Ark.€1999);€òòState€v.€Hartzleróó,€433€P.2d€231€(N.M.€Ct.Ð  \ ÐApp.€1967);€22A€Am.Jur.2d€òòDead€Bodiesóó€ðð€46€(1965).€€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àFinally,€in€òòState€v.€Vestalóó,€611€S.W.2d€819,€821€(Tenn.€1981),€the€majority€opinion€of€ourÐ Ð  Ðsupreme€court€made€specific€reference€to€the€common€law€offense€of€indecent€disposal€of€a€body.€Ð ¼  ÐIn€his€dissent,€Justice€Frank€Drowota€(now€Chief€Justice)€specifically€recognized€òòKanovan's€Caseóó,Ð ¨ø Ð1€Me.€205,€1€Greenleaf€226€(1821),€as€the€lead€authority€for€"the€proposition€that€any€disposal€of€aÐ ”ä Ðdead€body€.€.€.€contrary€to€common€decency€is€a€misdemeanor€at€common€law."€€611€S.W.2d€at€822Ð €Ð Ð(Drowota,€J.,€dissenting);€òòcf.óó€òòState€v.€Gary€Wilksóó,€No.€01C01„9001„CR„00020€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð l¼ Ðat€Nashville,€Nov.€1,€1990)€(holding€that€an€insufficient€indictment,€failing€to€charge€a€crime,€wasÐ X ¨ Ða€basis€for€relief€notwithstanding€the€validity€of€improper€handling€of€a€dead€body€as€a€common€lawÐ D!” Ðoffense).€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àIn€summary,€the€improper€disposal€of€a€dead€body€has€been€traditionally€recognized€in€thisÐ $X" Ðstate€and€others€as€a€common€law€offense.€€Because€the€crimes€were€committed€before€the€statutoryÐ ô$D # Ðreplacement€of€common€law€crimes€effective€November€1,€1989,€the€petitioner€is€unable€to€establishÐ à%0!$ Ða€potential€for€relief.€€Absent€that€potential,€the€appointment€of€counsel€was€unnecessary.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÐ )à$( Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE