WPCb OoYgѧ[tkrn)+"odǻ~;Quw5|vm6.C SHA=}5\Wm[ͪug#]OdPy!bK@4L2":lg6kڮ(v3fjZ_?҂ MR&!/i.:Q̋doiZH2&mvu}~FMbHeIx;; &ι&Hk/$zmTRJƽIϫPΒFe94{m)d#xUN9 % 0: UG: N 0~ b ^ w 4   m 0D  U?, IL v$`((((p>U: AS BC 0V` 0V 0D P D5 AK D- 0KHP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 60(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,,|AZ"Arial Regular(.(3($ !USUS.,      0  - -:'L sp' k143|x U(#$  0   ($USUS.,    1    _ԀXXXX& %XXItisthepolicyofthiscourtnottorevealthenamesofminorvictimsofsexualabuse.,cAZArial  ? ($USUS.,    2    _XXXX& %XX_Ԁ_ԀAlthoughatthetrialonJuly6,1998,C.W.testifiedthatshewastwelveatthistimeof `  0  the_Ԁ_rape,she_ԀalsotestifiedthatherbirthdaywasMarch13,1983.___Thus,_ԀonJuly8, 2  1994,shewouldhaveonlybeeneleven.  ($USUS.,    3    _XXXX& %XX_Ԁ_ԀTherecordisunclearastowhenthisaccidentalmeetingtookplace.Accordingto `  0  witnesstestimony,however,itwassometimeafterthedateoftherape. l ($USUS.,    4    _XXXX& %XX_Ԁ_ԀAfterMr.Smithtestifiedthattheappellanttriedtoflee,hewasasked whowas[the `  0  appellant]tryingtogetawayfrom[sic],andthewitnessreplied [m]ebecauseheknew 2  thepolicewasontheirway[sic].__Thistestimonydidnotdrawanobjectionfromthe   defensecounsel.Therefore,theevidencewasproperlybeforethejury.SeeStatev.  v Bennett,549S.W.2d949,950(Tenn.1977)(holdingthatdefendantwaivedhisrightto  H complainabouttheeffectofimproperevidencebyfailingtoobjectattrial).Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5  ($USUS.,    5    _ԀXXXX& %XX_Althoughtherecordisunclearwhetherthedefendantquitajobwithatemporary_ `  0  service_Ԁorsimplyfinishedajobthatwastemporary,_the_Ԁjurywasfreetoinfereither. `  f ["USUS.,  _XXXXQM XX   Ad FILEDXX QM  November22,1999  Cecil_Crowson_,Jr. dd AppellateCourtClerkdA  ,|AZ"Arial Regular[\]_E<<C d(.3$ !USUS.,  (.3$ !USUS.,  ($$   1  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ZZZZ)!dxdx^\cb I&mage <=8C HKKKK)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  !USUS.,  _` JXX JTR[A' LegalX3' Letter A' Legal3'T8XXdd8      INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE `  xY_B2.jz`  `@E ` ttx0X xATJACKSON P  AUGUSTSESSION,1999 @    STATEOFTENNESSEE,  )  C.C.A.NO.W199900279CCAR3CD (  `     h   )    ` Appellee,   h   )      `     h   )  #J ##XXJg#JXX J    `     h   )  SHELBYCOUNTY   VS. `     h   )      `     h   )  HON.L.T._LAFFERTY_,   _TERRANCE_Ԁ_WILKS_, h   )  JUDGE    `     h   )   ` Appellant.   h   )  (RapeofaChild)    ONAPPEALFROMTHEJUDGMENTOFTHE h CRIMINALCOURTOFSHELBYCOUNTY `   FORTHEAPPELLANT: h     FORTHEAPPELLEE:  H  RANDALLB._TOLLEY_  h     PAULG.SUMMERS !8 242PoplarAvenue h     AttorneyGeneralandReporter "0 Memphis,TN38103 #(  `     h     PATRICIAC._KUSSMANN_ $   `     h     AssistantAttorneyGeneral x%  `     h     425FifthAvenueNorth p&  `     h     Nashville,TN37243 h'  `     h     WILLIAMGIBBONS X)!  `     h     DistrictAttorneyGeneral P* "  `     h     JENNIFER_NICHOLS_ @,"$  `     h     AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral 8-#%  `     h     CriminalJusticeComplex,Suite301 0.$&  `     h     201PoplarAvenue (/%'  `     h     Memphis,TN38103   0&( OPINIONFILED________________________ 4*, AFFIRMED 5,. JERRYL.SMITH,JUDGE#XX #  7.0   !XX OPINION #XX!# XX `     ` OnJuly7,1998,aShelbyCountyjury#J <# JԀconvicted_Terrance_Ԁ_Wilks_   ( appellantor defendant)ofrapingachild.Thisappealraisesthefollowing   issues:  0 ` (1)Whethertheevidencewaslegallysufficientforajurytoconvictthe   defendant;and ` T$` T$ 0 ` (2)Whetherthetrialjudgeproperlyinstructedthejurythattheycould t  considerthedefendantsflightfollowingthecommissionofthecrimeas l  evidenceofthedefendantsguilt.d` T$` T$ Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed. T   #XX r#+3XX FACTS#XX+3a# XX  D    ` OntheafternoonofFriday,July8,1994,_C.W._, #  1      ׀anelevenyearold X female,v #  2      ׀wasvisitingheraunt,BettyHawkins,atMs.Hawkinshome.Ms. H  Hawkinsboyfriend,VernonSmith,arrivedatMs.Hawkinshomelaterthat 8" eveningafterleavingwork.Mr.Smithwasaccompaniedbytheappellant,an#J # J ($ acquaintancefromwork.Severalotheryoungerchildren,allrelativesofMs. & Hawkins,werealsopresentinthehomethatevening. (  ` Afterdinner,_C.W._,theappellant,Ms.Hawkins,andMr.Smithplayedcards +"" inthelivingroom.Followingthegame,Ms.Hawkinsretiredtoherbedroomto -x$$ sleep. Mr.SmithjoinedMs.Hawkinsinthebedroomshortlythereafter._C.W._, /h&& theappellant,andtheyoungerchildrenallstayedinthelivingroomtosleep.  1X((  3H** _ ` Afterfallingasleep,C.W.awoketofindthatherpantsandpantieshad `  beenpulleddown,andthatthe#J b#Ԁ Jappellantwasstandingnearher.Sheaskedthe P  appellantwhathewasdoing,andhetoldhertogobacktosleep.  Shetriedto D  callforhelp,buttheappellantplacedhishandoverhermouth.#  #  Hethentriedto 4 rapeC.W.vaginally,butshetemporarilypreventedhimfromdoingsobymoving $ evasively.#  ?#  Followingabriefstruggle,however,hesucceededinpenetratingher.    #  #  Aftertheappellantpenetratedher,C.W.managedtobreakfreeandkickhimin   thegroin.#  #  Hefelltothefloor,#  h#  andC.W.jumpedupandrantoheraunts   bedroom.#  #  Shebeganknockingloudlyonthedoor.#  L#  Mr.Smithopenedthedoor  andletC.W.insidethebedroomwhiletheappellantfledoutthebackdoor.#  #  C.W. t proceededtotellMs.Hawkinswhathadoccurred.#  s #  WhenMs.Hawkinsasked d C.W.ifshehadbeenraped,C.W.replied ithurt.#  !#Ms.Hawkinsthenvisually T inspectedC.W.andsawwhatshebelievedtobesemenonC.W.sbody.  D  ` Policeweresummonedtothescene,andC.W.wastakentotheMemphis $$ SexualAssaultCenter.  ThereElizabethThomas,aforensicnurse#  "#  ,examined t& C.W.#  ##  Ms.Thomastestifiedthatshecollectedforensicsamplesusingcotton d(  swabsinsideC.W.svagina.#  ##  Shealsousedacottonpadtocollectasample T* " fromtheareaaroundthevulva.#  >$#  Finally,shecollectedC.W.spantiesfortesting. D,"$  #  $#  ShestatedthatalthoughC.Wshowednosignsoftrauma,shedidcomplainof 4.$& tendernessinthegenitalarea.#  w%#  Ms.Thomasalsostatedthattheseresultswere $0&( notinconsistentwithrape.#  :&#   2(*  ` MelissaSuddeth,aserologistat#  &#  ԀaMemphisCrimeLaboratorylocatedat 5,. theUniversityofTennesseeinMemphis,testifiedthatsheretrievedthesamples 7.0 collectedbyMs.Thomas#  ^'#  Ԁandtestedthemforsemen.#  W(#  Although#  (#  thecottonswabs 9t02 didnotrevealthepresenceofsperm,thecottonpadthatMs.Thomashadused `  tocollectasamplefromthevulvaareatestedpositiveforspermatozoa.#  )#  Ms. P  Suddethdidnotconductanytestonthepanties.#  *#   @   ` Fromthere,thecottonpadwassenttotheTennesseeBureauof   InvestigationsForensicServicesCrimeLaboratoryinJackson,Tennessee.   #  *#  T.B.I.#  +#  ԀSpecialAgentStevenWeichman,aforensicscientist,testified#  ,#  Ԁthatalthough   heattemptedtoconductaD.N.A.testonthespermcellsfoundonthecotton   pad,thesamplecollectedwastoosmallforsuchananalysis.  #  ,#   ` Mr.Smithtestifiedthatalthoughhelookedfortheappellantinthe ` communityfollowingtherape,hewasunabletolocatehim.#  -#  Fortuitously, P however,Mr.Smithsawtheappellantsometimelater. #  3      ׀#  ~.#  Mr.Smithtestifiedthat  @ whenhesawtheappellant,hetoldsomeonetocallthepolice,andtheappellant "0 triedtoflee.4 #  4      ׀#  l/#  Subsequently,Mr.Smithandtheappellantgotintoafight.#  0#  When $  policearrivedfollowingthisincident,theappellantwasplacedinthebackofa p& squadcar.#  "1#  Forreasonsthatareunclear,however,thepolicereleasedthe `(  appellant.#  1#  Itwasnotuntilsometimelaterthattheappellantwasarrestedand P* " broughttotrialontherapecharge.#  2#   @,"$ Ѐ 0.$& #XX #   0&( +3XX   OSUFFICIENCYOFTHEEVIDENCE  `  3 ` #XX+33# XXTheappellantfirstcontendsthat,giventheevidenceattrial,norationaljury   couldhaveconcludedbeyondareasonabledoubtthattheappellantrapeda  child.InTennessee,greatweightisgiventotheresultreachedbythejuryina  criminaltrial.Ajuryverdictofguiltaccreditsthestateswitnessesandresolves  allconflictsinfavorofthestate.Statev.Bigbee,885S.W.2d797,803(Tenn. t  1994);Statev.Harris,839S.W.2d54,75(Tenn.1992),cert.denied,507U.S. d  954,113S.Ct.1368,122L.Ed.2d746(1993).#  P3##XX 4# XX  Therefore,onappealfroma T verdictofguilt,thestateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewofthe D evidenceandallreasonableinferenceswhichmaybedrawntherefrom.Id.; 4 Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).Moreover,aguiltyverdict $ removesthepresumptionofinnocencewhichtheappellantenjoyedattrialand t raisesapresumptionofguiltonappeal.Statev.Grace,493S.W.2d474,476 d! (Tenn.1973).Theappellanthastheburdenofovercomingthispresumptionof T# guilt.Id. D%  ` Whereadefendantchallengesthesufficiencyoftheevidenceonappeal, $)  therelevantquestionforthereviewingcourtiswhether,afterviewingthe +!" evidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffact -#$ couldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt. .%& Tenn.R.App.P.13(e);Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781, 0'( 2789,61L.Ed.2d56(1979);Statev.Abrams,935S.W.2d399,401(Tenn.1996). 2t)* ЀTheweightandcredibilityofthewitnessestestimonyaremattersentrusted 4d+, exclusivelytothejuryasthetrieroffact.Statev.Sheffield,676S.W.2d542,547 6T-. (Tenn.1984);Statev.Brewer932S.W.2d1,19(Tenn.Crim.App.1996).#  7#  #XX 7# XX 8D/0 Ї ` Thedefendantwaschargedinthesolecountoftheindictmentwiththe `  rapeofachild.Therapeofachildis theunlawfulsexualpenetrationofavictim P  bythedefendant...ifsuchvictimislessthanthirteen(13)yearsofage.Tenn. @  CodeAnn.3913522.(1997). Sexualpenetrationisdefined,inrelevantpart, 0 as sexualintercourse...oranyotherintrusion,howeverslight,ofanypartofa   personsbodyorofanyobjectintothegenitaloranalopeningsofthevictims.   ..butemissionofsemenisnotrequired.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913501(7)   (1997).    ` Inthiscase,thevictimtestifiedunequivocallythatappellantforcibly p penetratedherandthatshewaslessthanthirteenatthetimeoftheoffense.The ` victimsaunttestifiedthatshesawsemenonthevictimimmediatelyafterthe P rape,andthevictimwasvisiblyupset.Moreover,thestatepresentedexpert  @ medicaltestimonythatspermwasfoundonthevictimsbodyimmediatelyafter "0 theattack,andthatthevictimreportedtendernessinhergenitaliaconsistentwith $  arape.Thus,thejuryhadmorethansufficientevidencetoconvictthedefendant. p& SeeStatev.Banes,874S.W.2d73(Tenn.Cr.App.1993)(holdingthataneleven `(  (11)yearoldvictimstestimonythatshewaspenetratedwasalonesufficient P* " evidenceforareasonablejurytoconvict).Furthermore,itmakesnodifference @,"$ thatthedefendantstestimonycontradictedthevictims,orthatthestates 0.$& witnessesmayhavehadslightlydifferentrecollectionsoftheeventsthatnight.  0&( Id.#XX ~>##XXXX<>#XXXXԀat7879.Thejurors,notthemembersofthiscourt,wereinthebetterpositionto 2(* judgethewitnessescredibility:theyheardthevictim,thedefendant,andalloftheother 4*, witnessestestifyandviewedtheirdemeanorsonthewitnessstand.Aswasits 5l,. prerogative,thejuryresolvedtheconflictsinthetestimonyagainstthedefendant. 78.0  d902 O ` `     ` Thisissuehasnomerit. `     @  @`  @  @  @h +3XXFLIGHTINSTRUCTION     +3   ` TheappellantnextcontendsthatthetrialcourtsuseofaTennessee L PatternJuryInstructiononflightwasunwarrantedbytheevidence.Followingthe < presentationoftheevidence,thetrialjudgegavethejurythefollowinginstruction ,  regardingflight: |  8 `  Theflightofapersonaccusedofacrimeisacircumstance l  which,whenconsideredwithallthefactsofthecase,mayjustifyan d inferenceofguilt.Flightisthevoluntarywithdrawalofoneselffor \ thepurposeofevadingarrestorprosecutionforthecrimecharged. T Whethertheevidencepresentedprovesbeyondareasonabledoubt L thatthedefendantfledisaquestionforyourdetermination.D` !` ! 8 `  Thelawmakesnoprecisedistinctionastothemanneror < methodofflight;itmaybeopen,oritmaybeahurriedorconcealed 4 departure,oritmaybeconcealmentwithinthejurisdiction.However , ittakesbothaleavingthesceneofthedifficultyandasubsequent $  hidingout,evasion,orconcealmentinthecommunity,oraleaving ! ofthecommunityforpartsunknown,toconstituteflight."` !` ! 8 `  Ifflightisproved,thefactofflightalonedoesnotallowyouto  # findthatthedefendantisguiltyofthecrimealleged.However,since $ flightbyadefendantmaybecausedbyaconsciousnessofguilt, $ youmayconsiderthefactofflight,ifflightissoproven,togetherwith % alloftheotherevidencewhenyoudecidetheguiltorinnocenceof & thedefendant.Ontheotherhand,anentirelyinnocentpersonmay ' takeflightandsuchflightmaybeexplainedbyproofoffered,orby (|  thefactsandcircumstancesofthecase.)t !` !` ! 8 `  Whethertherewasflightbythedefendant,thereasonsforit, *l!" andtheweighttobegiventoit,arequestionsforyoutodetermine. +d"#  ` !` ! T.P.I.!Crim.42.18.#  F#  Ԁ -T$%  ` Theappellantclaimsthatalthoughheleftthesceneofthecrime,thestate 14() introducednoevidencetosuggestahidingout,evasion,orconcealmentwithin 3$*+ thecommunityfollowingthecrime. t5,-   d7./  ` InRogersv.State,2Tenn.Crim.App.491,455S.W.2d182(Tenn.Crim. `   App.1970),thiscourt,adoptingtheviewsetoutin22AC.J.S.CriminalLaw P  625,delineatedatwoprongedtestfordeterminingwhetherajuryinstructionon @  flightwasproper: 0 8 ` [t]helawmakesnoniceorrefineddistinctionastothemanneror   methodofaflight;itmaybeopen,oritmaybeahurriedor   concealeddeparture,oritmaybeaconcealmentwithinthe   jurisdiction.However,ittakesbothaleavingthesceneofadifficulty   andasubsequenthidingout,evasion,orconcealmentinthe   community,oraleavingofthecommunityforpartsunknown,to   constituteflight.#  S#  Ԁ#  X#   ` !` ! Ѐ  Id.at187#  ;Y#  (Emphasisadded).#  Y#     `  ` Inthiscase,thereisampleevidencethatthedefendantleftthesceneafter ` committingthecrime.C.W.,BettyHawkins,andVernonSmithalltestifiedthat P thedefendantfledoutthebackdoorfollowingtherape.#  Z#  Thus,thefirstprongof  @ theRogerstestwaseasilysatisfied. "0  `  ` TherewasalsosufficientevidencetosatisfythesecondprongofRogers. p& AlthoughRogersanditsprogenyrequireevidenceofhidingout,evasion, `(  concealment,orleavingthecommunity,theydonotrequiredispositiveevidence P* " ofsuch.Instead,thestatecansatisfythisprongbyintroducingevidencefrom @,"$ whichajurymightinferoneoftheabove.Statev.Payton,782S.W.2d490 0.$& (Tenn.Crim.App.1989);Rogers,455S.W.2dat18787.Anycontradictory  0&( evidencethatservestorebutthestatesproofmerelyraisesaquestionforthe 2(* jurytoresolve.Hallv.State,584S.W.2d819,821(Tenn.Crim.App.1979). 4*,  ` Forexample,in#  [#  Statev.Smith,#  _#  ԀtheTennesseeSupremeCourt,inrefusing 7.0 tofinderrorinthegivingofaflightinstruction,notedthedegreetowhichjuries 9p02 maybeallowedtoinferhidingout,evasion,orconcealment#  `#  .893S.W.2d908, `  918(Tenn.1994)#  7a#  .#  a#  ԀPolice,afterrespondingtoareportedrobberyata P  conveniencestore,noticedasuspiciouscarparkedoutsideanelderlywidows @  housenextdoor.Afternoticingthattheenginewaswarm,thepoliceinvestigated 0 thescene.Theysoondiscoveredthatthewidowhadrecentlybeenmurderedin   thehouse.Id.at911.Asubsequentinvestigationofthecarandthepremises   ledpolicetothedefendant,whohadapparentlystolenthecarandabandoned   itafterrobbingandkillingthewidow.Thedefendantwasthentriedforthe   murder.Followingthepresentationoftheevidence,thetrialjudgegavethejury  aflightinstruction,andthedefendantwasconvicted.Id.at912.Onappeal,the p Courtheldthatthepoliceofficerstestimonyaboutthewarmthofthedefendants ` enginemayhaveallowedthejurytoinferthatthedefendantlefthisvehiclewhen P hesawpolicerespondingtotherobbery,andthustriedtoevadeprosecution.Id.  @ at918.TheCourtalsofoundotherunspecifiedevidencethatthedefendanttried "0 toconcealhimselfinthecommunity.Id.;seealsoStatev.Kendricks,947 $  S.W.2d875,886(Tenn.Cr.App.1996)(holdingthatadefendantsfleeingthe p& crimesceneandthrowingagunoutthecarwindowwere sufficienttosatisfyboth `(  prongsofRogers). P* "  ` Inthiscase,thejuryheardevidencefromwhichitmayhaveinferredthat 0.$& thedefendantwashidingout,evadingprosecution,orconcealinghimselfwithin  0&( thecommunity.Thedefendanttestifiedthathedidnotreturntohisjobfollowing 2(* therape. #  5      #  a#ԀVernonSmithtestifiedthathesawthedefendantsometimeafterthe 4*, rape,andthatthedefendanttriedtofleeafteritbecameapparentthatthepolice 5,. hadbeencalled.Mr.Smithalsotestifiedthathesearchedforthedefendant `  unsuccessfully everytwodays.Cumulatively,thisevidencewassufficientto P  supportthesecondprongofRogers.SeeIrickv.State,973S.W.2d643,654 @  (1998)(holdingthattrialcounselwasnotineffectiveforfailingtoobjecttoaflight 0 instructiongivenwheretheevidence,consistingofthedefendantleavingthe   scene,failingtocallanambulance,andhidingunderabridgebeforeturning   himselfin,cumulativelysatisfiedbothprongsoftheRogerstest),cert.denied,   119S.Ct.219,142L.Ed.2d190(1998).    ` Finally,wenotethattheinstructionitselfisrelativelybenign.Thetrialcourt p instructedthejurythatflightrequiredproofofbothfleeingthesceneanda ` subsequenthidingout,concealment,orevasion,andthatthedecisionasto P whetherflightoccurredatallwaswithinthejurysdiscretion.Thecourtalso  @ instructedthejurythat,evenifitfoundthatthedefendantfled,thisalonecould "0 notbesufficienttoconvictthedefendant.Finally,thecourttoldthejurythatflight $  maybeconsistentwitheitherahypothesisofguiltorinnocence.Thecontentof p& theinstruction,coupledwiththeotherproofoftheappellantsguilt,rendersany `(  errorastotheflightinstructionharmless.Smith,893S.W.2dat918; P* " Whittenmeir,725S.W.2dat68889. @,"$  ` Thisissueiswithoutmerit.  0&(  ` Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisAFFIRMED. 4*,  `     h   ____________________________________ 9p02  `     h   JERRYL.SMITH,JUDGE `  CONCUR: @  ___________________________________   DAVIDH.WELLES,JUDGE   ___________________________________     JAMESCURWOODWITT,JR.,JUDGE   #  wt#