ÿWPC  \mp=ª$ ]5œŒôÀ'$ù*òòÖˆ5õغb9·ën,ÏÒ, A]gyƒÐ!²y!/µ£=ÆÚÐbd‡¡\ÇK9 e ‹hðÿ"»Û~‘ëSîžîÏÆA=Z£{é½E‹ã·‰^‹ðòšO:Ü .‡r]ð–úÊ5q·‚³è¤š¡…Ìhç&ð Ê•ª!”êÕ> jÚ®BkÌ»”ñ±Ð Òv¶Æ{É™k”O¤Âï0^]ãP·»×+Ó‹°„yàÈøÌÕcxLãpˆ넼¸‰kš4ä$*÷ß/Ž^±-¤YÖþǃn°!4„‹:[‘ÿ4)K(A«Y%l#ÈÊA`¬GÇ^t¸2¥°_bºŠñ`·¦6¦ý+J•1hºQ˜ÖÈ£'‰ _@ÉJU²@5R3ø‡=e0DOckW¾UOÔÞÌýÏŸ4o.Ñ–€¾‘ÉŦš¢{z'ð[† š¥…¬Ÿ&¶]W#?äj!ýßZiË„"ËŽ†¯-¿RþˆUq5»Ë§;Z7¯vfQÿ} rÍÔqsª¢á«ä!¨˜µQö»'òMjçHÊÊOkÉu@UÚÆ«¹ 6å$¥gáŽb#É\ %% UN+ 0ˆy UN 0ÑO ^ z, Ò¦ wx 4|  Ÿ Æ¡ ÆgÆ-Æó m¹NÐ 0ÅÒ 0D—EÛ 0³Ý 0­ 0§= 0¡ä 0›… 0•   1uµ 72***************b\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1eddddddddddÒÉÉÉ 0ë›››› B†† 0¤£ D5G D-| 0K©© ASôÆG 0¤  0D± A«õ˜\\IB01S08\KNOXCLERK3ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular*GG ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓwZ1Þ  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptóbï.3|x Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ*AA ÿÿ(_17Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  Ó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó*88 ÿÿ(_15Ó  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÓ  Ó*55 ÿÿ(_14Ó ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÓ ` Ó*22 ÿÿ(_13Ó ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÓ ¸ Ó*// ÿÿ(_12Ó  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÓ  Ó*,, ÿÿ(_11Ó h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó pÈ xÐ ÓÓ h Ó*)) ÿÿ(_10Ó À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓppÈ xÐ ÓÓ À Ó3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)- ù- ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. ÈÝ ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôö‰ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€appellant€does€not€dispute€that€the€cocaine€was€intended€for€resale.€€(|G2$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[=»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôö‰ò»»Ô d(|3‡~$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[=»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡~$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[=»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[=»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼[=»»»ÔÑ8€¥XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îR0[=ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼[=»îîR0 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€July€27,€2004Ð üL ÐÔ‡X¥X»¼[=ÔÌò òÔ#†¼[=»XX¥#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€CHARLES€WILLIAMSòòóóÔ‡X¥X»¼[=Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sullivan€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€S46,764€€€€€R.€Jerry€Beck,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2003„02517„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€26,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔThe€appellant,€Charles€Williams,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€for€possession€of€over€.5€grams€of€cocaineÐ xÈ  Ðwith€intent€to€sell€and€conspiracy€to€possess€over€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell.€€After€aÐ d´ Ðsentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€as€a€Range€II€Offender€to€eighteen€yearsÐ P  Ðon€the€possession€with€intent€to€sell€conviction€and€eight€years€on€the€conspiracy€conviction,€to€beÐ <Œ Ðserved€concurrently€for€an€effective€sentence€of€eighteen€years.€€The€appellant€was€also€fined€a€totalÐ (x Ðof€$20,000€for€the€two€convictions.€€After€the€denial€of€a€motion€for€new€trial,€the€appellant€presentsÐ d Ðthe€following€issues€on€appeal:€(1)€€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€jury€verdict;Ð P Ðand€(2)€whether€the€convictions€for€both€possession€of€cocaine€and€conspiracy€to€possess€cocaineÐ ì< Ðviolate€the€appellantððs€due€process€rights€per€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€Ð Ø( ÐBecause€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€jury€verdict€and€we€have€determined€that€theÐ Ä Ðappellantððs€due€process€rights€were€not€violated,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€Ô#†X¥XXX¥¢#ÔÔ#†¼[=»XX¥x#ÔÔ‡X¥X»¼[=ÔÐ ° ÐÓ–ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Affirmed.Ð ˆØ Ðó óÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼[=»àX¥ #ÔÔ‡X¥X.¼[=ÔJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Welles€óóand€òòJamesÐ `° ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.óó,€JJ.,€joined.Ð L œ ÐÌGene€G.€Scott,€Jr.,€Johnson€City,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Charles€Williams.Ð $"t! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Helena€W.€Yarborough,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ ü#L# ÐGeneral;€Greeley€Wells,€District€Attorney€General;€and€James€F.€Goodwin,€Assistant€DistrictÐ è$8 $ ÐAttorney€General,€€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÔ#†¼[=»XX¥ #ÔÔ‡X¥X»¼[=Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ô‡ÌÓÒ Óà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼[=»XX¥Å #ÔÔ‡X¥X»¼[=ÔÐ œì ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼[=»XX¥È#ÔÓ  Óò òòòÔ‡¼[=»»¼[=Ôà@ÈÈ!ìàóóó óà@@ÈÈ!ìàÔ€X¥X»¼[=ÔòòFactual€BackgroundóóˆÐ tÄ ÐÌÓÓà  àOn€February€16,€2002,€Officer€Cliff€Ferguson€of€the€Kingsport€Police€Department€wasÐ L œ Ðconducting€surveillance€of€suspected€drug€activity€at€the€Kingsport€Inn.€€Using€binoculars,€OfficerÐ $ t ÐFerguson€sat€in€his€cruiser€in€a€nearby€driveway€and€watched€for€drug€activity€in€room€216A.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àAround€12:15€a.m.,€Officer€Ferguson€saw€a€gold€Saturn€pull€into€the€parking€lot€of€theÐ ¬ü  Ðcondominiums€next€door€to€the€Kingsport€Inn.€€Three€men€exited€the€vehicle.€€Initially,€OfficerÐ „Ô  ÐFerguson€thought€the€men€were€headed€for€the€condos,€but€all€three€men€walked€to€the€hotel€andÐ \¬ Ðwent€directly€to€room€216A.€€Officer€Ferguson€recognized€the€three€men€as€Randall€King,€EscubioÐ 4„ ÐLang,€and€the€appellant.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àAbout€five€minutes€after€entering€the€hotel€room,€Randall€King€came€out€of€the€room€andÐ ¼  Ðplaced€a€package€in€a€bush€directly€outside€the€room.€€King€pushed€the€packed€deep€into€the€middleÐ ”ä Ðof€the€bush,€straightened€the€leaves€with€his€hands,€walked€around€the€bush€several€times,€and€thenÐ l¼ Ðwent€back€into€room€216A.€€Then,€the€appellant€came€out€of€the€room,€stared€at€the€bush,€walkedÐ D!” Ðapproximately€50€to€75€feet€down€to€the€end€of€the€walkway€away€from€the€hotel€room,€stopped,Ð #l! Ðturned€around,€and€walked€back€to€the€room,€staring€at€the€bush€the€entire€time.€€As€the€appellant€wasÐ ô$D # Ðre„entering€the€room,€he€looked€over€his€shoulder€at€the€bush€where€King€had€placed€the€package.€Ð Ì&"% ÐShortly€thereafter,€all€three€men€exited€the€hotel€room€single€file,€each€of€them€staring€at€the€bushÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwhere€King€had€placed€the€package.€€The€men€walked€back€to€the€car€and€left€the€area.€€Ð |*Ì%) Їà  àOfficer€Ferguson€then€called€Officers€Crawford€and€Summey€to€meet€him€at€the€KingsportÐ ° ÐInn.€€Officer€Summey€retrieved€the€package€from€the€bush€and€discovered€that€it€consisted€of€a€largeÐ ˆØ Ðplastic€bag€which€contained€nineteen€smaller€plastic€bags€holding€small€rocks€of€what€appeared€toÐ `° Ðbe€cocaine.€€Officers€Summey€and€Crawford€left€the€area€after€this€discovery€so€that€OfficerÐ 8 ˆ ÐFerguson€could€continue€his€surveillance.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àAt€around€1:30€a.m.,€the€three€men€returned€to€the€hotel,€again€pulling€the€vehicle€into€theÐ À  Ðparking€lot€for€the€condominiums.€€King€exited€the€vehicle€while€Lang€and€the€appellant€waited€inÐ ˜è  Ðthe€car€with€the€motor€running.€€King€looked€in€the€bush,€presumably€for€the€package,€beforeÐ pÀ Ðentering€the€hotel€room.€€Meanwhile,€Officer€Ferguson€radioed€for€Officers€Summey€and€CrawfordÐ H˜ Ðto€return.€€Lang€and€the€appellant€were€arrested€while€still€waiting€in€the€car€and€King€was€arrestedÐ  p Ðinside€room€216A.€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àKing€consented€to€a€search€of€the€room€where€officers€retrieved€a€large€rock„like€cocaineÐ ¨ø Ðsubstance€in€a€plastic€bag€behind€the€dresser,€a€small€amount€of€marijuana€on€the€dresser€under€aÐ €Ð Ðgym€bag€and€four€individually€wrapped€rocks€of€cocaine€in€the€bathroom.€€There€was€no€drugÐ X ¨ Ðparaphernalia€or€items€that€could€be€used€to€consume€the€drugs€in€the€room.€€The€appellant€firstÐ 0"€  Ðdenied€any€knowledge€of€the€drugs,€but€later€admitted€that€he€knew€King€had€crack€cocaine.€€TheÐ $X" Ðtotal€weight€of€all€the€crack€cocaine€found€was€17.1€grams.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€was€indicted€by€the€Sullivan€County€Grand€Jury€for€possession€with€intent€toÐ )à$( Ðsell€or€deliver€over€.5€grams€of€cocaine,€simple€possession€of€marijuana€and€conspiracy€to€possessÐ h+¸&* Ðover€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€€deliver.€€After€a€jury€trial,€the€appellant€was€convictedÐ ° Ðof€possession€of€over€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€and€conspiracy€to€possess€over€.5€gramsÐ ˆØ Ðof€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell.€€The€appellant€was€found€not€guilty€on€the€possession€of€marijuanaÐ `° Ðcharge.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€as€a€Range€II€Offender€to€eighteen€years€on€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðpossession€with€intent€to€sell€conviction€and€eight€years€on€the€conspiracy€conviction€and€orderedÐ  ` Ðthe€sentences€to€run€concurrently.€€The€appellant€filed€a€motion€for€new€trial,€which€was€denied€byÐ è 8  Ðthe€trial€court.€€This€appeal€followed.€€Ð À  Ðà  àÌòòÓ  ÓAlleged€Violation€of€State€v.€AnthonyóóÐ pÀ ÐÓ©"ÓÌà  àInitially,€the€appellant€argues€on€appeal€that€the€convictions€for€both€the€offenses€of€criminalÐ  p Ðconspiracy€to€possess€greater€than€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€andÐ øH Ðpossession€of€more€than€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell€ð ðviolate€his€right€to€due€processÐ Ð  Ðguaranteed€by€Article€One€section€eight€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.ðð€€The€appellant€cites€òòStateÐ ¨ø Ðv.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991),€in€support€of€his€argument.€€Specifically,€he€argues€thatÐ €Ð Ðmultiple€convictions€are€prevented€where€proof€of€one€crime€is€incidental€to€proof€of€the€other€crime.€Ð X ¨ ÐThe€State€argues€that€òòAnthonyóó€is€inapplicable€to€the€facts€of€the€case€herein.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àIn€òòAnthonyóó,€our€supreme€court€addressed€the€issue€of€whether€dual€convictions€for€armedÐ à%0!$ Ðrobbery€and€aggravated€kidnapping€violated€the€due€process€guarantees€of€Article€I,€section€eight€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€Tennessee€Constitution.€€The€court€concluded€that€when€a€confinement,€movement,€or€detentionÐ )à$( Ðis€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€an€accompanying€felony,€such€as€robbery€or€rape,€it€is€not€sufficient€toÐ h+¸&* Ðsupport€a€separate€conviction€for€kidnapping.€€òòId.óó€at€306.€€The€court€warned€that€the€kidnappingÐ ° Ðstatute€should€be€narrowly€construed€ð ðso€as€to€make€its€reach€fundamentally€fair€and€to€protect€theÐ ˆØ Ðdue€process€rights€of€every€citizen.€.€.€.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ `° Ðà0  àà ° àÐ (#(# Ðà  àThere€are€significant€distinctions€between€this€case€and€òòAnthonyóó.€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€our€supremeÐ  ` Ðcourt€was€concerned€about€the€fact€that€proving€one€felony,€the€armed€robbery,€inherently€andÐ è 8  Ðnecessarily€proved€the€elements€of€the€second€felony,€kidnapping.€€While€in€this€case,€we€areÐ À  Ðexamining€whether€the€proof€of€the€elements€of€possession€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sellÐ ˜è  Ðinherently€or€necessarily€prove€the€elements€of€conspiracy.€€This€court€has€already€determined€thatÐ pÀ Ðð ðconvictions€for€both€the€sale€of€cocaine€and€the€conspiracy€to€sell€cocaine€do€not€violate€doubleÐ H˜ Ðjeopardy.ðð€€òòState€v.€Thorntonóó,€10€S.W.3d€229,€240€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€In€so€doing,€this€CourtÐ  p Ðdetermined€that:Ð øH ÐÌà8  àà ` àThere€will€always€be€a€nexus€between€the€conspiracy€and€the€substantiveÐ ¨ø Ðoffense€when€the€latter€offense€is€completed.€€A€conspiracy,€however,€would€rarelyÐ €Ð Ðbe€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€the€underlying€offense,€as€that€term€is€used€in€òòAnthonyóó.Ð X ¨ ÐIn€òòAnthonyóó,€it€was€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€the€robbery€that€the€defendant€containÐ 0"€  Ðhis€victims.€.€.€.€€Ð$X"Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àMoreover,€the€statute€prohibiting€conspiracies€is€designed€to€combat€a€dangerÐ ¸'#& Ðposed€to€the€public€that€is€different€from€the€danger€sought€to€be€prevented€by€theÐ )à$( Ðdrug€statutes.€€The€plan€and€design€of€two€or€more€individuals€to€sell€cocaine€createsÐ h+¸&* Ðan€offense€that€is€worthy€of€its€own€punishment€.€.€.€.Ð ° ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐòòThornton,óó€10€S.W.3d€at€240„41.€€Finally,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„12„106(c)€allowsÐ `° Ða€person€to€be€convicted€of€conspiracy€and€the€ð ðoffense€which€was€the€object€of€the€conspiracy.ðð€Ð 8 ˆ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„106(c).€€According€to€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments,€theÐ  ` Ðconspiracy€and€the€underlying€offense€do€not€merge,€thereby€allowing€an€offender€to€be€convictedÐ è 8  Ðof€both€conspiracy€and€the€object€offense.€€Ð À  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€determine€that€while€there€may€indeed€be€a€connection€between€theÐ pÀ Ðconspiracy€and€the€possession€of€the€cocaine,€the€conspiracy€was€not€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€theÐ H˜ Ðpossession€such€that€would€constitute€a€violation€of€double€jeopardy.€€The€appellant€was€certainlyÐ  p Ðcapable€of€possessing€the€cocaine€without€engaging€in€a€conspiracy€or,€conversely,€could€haveÐ øH Ðentered€into€the€conspiracy€without€possessing€the€drugs.€€òòSeeóó€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Marcus€Thompsonóó,€No.Ð Ð  ÐE2001„02521„CCA„R3„CD,€2003€WL€21999376€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Aug.€22,€2003),Ð ¨ø Ðòòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€2004)€(determining€that€defendantððs€convictions€for€possession€ofÐ €Ð Ðcocaine€with€intent€to€sell€and€for€selling€cocaine€were€not€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€the€conspiracyÐ X ¨ Ðconviction€in€violation€of€òòAnthonyóó).€€Further,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„12„106(c)Ð 0"€  Ðallows€convictions€for€both€conspiracy€and€the€target€offense.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„106(c).€Ð $X" ÐThis€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* ЇòòÓ  ÓSufficiency€of€the€EvidenceóóÐ ° ÐÓ8ÓÌà  àThe€appellant€next€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€When€a€defendant€challengesÐ `° Ðthe€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€is€obliged€to€review€that€claim€according€to€certainÐ 8 ˆ Ðwell-settled€principles.€A€verdict€of€guilty,€rendered€by€a€jury€and€ð ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge,Ð  ` Ðaccredits€the€testimony€of€theðð€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favorÐ è 8  Ðof€the€State.€€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,Ð À  Ð75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Thus,€although€the€accused€is€originally€cloaked€with€a€presumption€of€innocence,Ð ˜è  Ðthe€jury€verdict€of€guilty€removes€this€presumption€ð ðand€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð pÀ ÐTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€the€burden€of€proof€rests€with€theÐ H˜ Ðdefendant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€òòId.óó€€The€relevant€question€theÐ  p Ðreviewing€court€must€answer€is€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€accused€guiltyÐ øH Ðof€every€element€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòHarrisóó,€839Ð Ð  ÐS.W.2d€at€75.€€In€making€this€decision,€we€are€to€accord€the€State€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimate€view€ofÐ ¨ø Ðthe€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ðð€€òòSeeóóÐ €Ð ÐòòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€As€such,€this€Court€is€precluded€from€re„weighing€or€reconsidering€theÐ X ¨ Ðevidence€when€evaluating€the€convicting€proof.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929€S.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 0"€  ÐApp.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Moreover,€we€mayÐ $X" Ðnot€substitute€our€own€ð ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.ðð€Ð à%0!$ ÐòòMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€779.€Ð ¸'#& Ðâ âÐ )à$( Ðà  àFurther€questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€beÐ ° Ðâ âgiven€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€the€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trierÐ ˆØ Ðof€fact€and€not€this€Court.€€òòState€v.€Pruettóó,€788€S.W.2d€559,€561€(Tenn.€1990).€€ð ðA€jury€verdictÐ `° Ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€allÐ 8 ˆ Ðconflicts€in€favor€of€the€Stateððs€theory.ðð€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcert.óóÐ  ` Ðòòdeniedóó,€465€U.S.€1073€(1984).€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€jury€verdict.€Ð ˜è  ÐSpecifically,€he€argues€that€there€was€insufficient€evidence€that€he€possessed€the€cocaine,€evenÐ pÀ Ðconstructively,€and€that€there€was€no€evidence€whatsoever€of€a€conspiracy.€€The€State€counters€thatÐ H˜ Ðthe€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€verdict.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àIn€the€case€herein,€the€appellant€was€convicted€of€violating€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ Ð  Ðsection€39„17„417(a)(4)€and€section€39„12„103.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417(a)(4)€Ó SÓÐ ¨ø Ðmakes€it€unlawful€to€ð ðpossess€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver€or€sell€suchÐ €Ð Ðcontrolled€substance.ðð€€Thus,€in€order€to€convict€the€appellant,€the€State€was€required€to€show:€(1)Ð X ¨ Ða€knowing€mental€state;€(2)€possession€of€cocaine;€(3)€an€intent€to€sell€that€cocaine;€and€(4)€that€theÐ 0"€  Ðweight€of€the€cocaine€exceeded€.5€grams.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417.€€The€State€unquestionablyÐ $X" Ðproved€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€substance€found€in€the€hotel€was€crack€cocaine€and€thatÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€weight€of€the€cocaine€exceeded€.5€grams.€€Thus,€the€question€is€whether€the€appellant€knowinglyÐ ¸'#& Ðpossessed€the€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell€it.€€Ð )à$( ÐÐ »+ '* Ðà  àð ð[A]€person€.€.€.€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€the€conduct€or€to€circumstances€surroundingÐ ° Ðthe€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€conduct€or€that€the€circumstances€exist.ðð€Ð ˆØ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b).€€A€conviction€for€possession€of€cocaine€may€be€based€upon€eitherÐ `° Ðactual€or€constructive€possession.€€òòState€v.€Shawóó,€37€S.W.3d€900,€903€(Tenn.€2001);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,Ð 8 ˆ Ð823€S.W.2d€576,€579€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991);€òòState€v.€Cooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€125,€129€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð  ` ÐApp.€1987).€€Before€a€person€can€be€found€to€constructively€possess€a€drug,€it€must€appear€that€theÐ è 8  Ðperson€has€the€power€and€intention€at€any€given€time€to€exercise€dominion€and€control€over€the€drugsÐ À  Ðeither€directly€or€through€others.€€òòState€v.€Pattersonóó,€966€S.W.2d€435,€445€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);Ð ˜è  ÐòòState€v.€Williamsóó,€623€S.W.2d€121,€125€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€The€mere€presence€of€a€personÐ pÀ Ðin€an€area€where€drugs€are€discovered€is€not,€alone,€sufficient€to€support€a€finding€that€the€personÐ H˜ Ðpossessed€the€drugs.€€òòCooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€at€129.€€Likewise,€mere€association€with€a€person€whoÐ  p Ðdoes€in€fact€control€the€drugs€or€property€where€the€drugs€are€discovered€is€insufficient€to€supportÐ øH Ða€finding€that€the€person€possessed€the€drugs.€€òòState€v.€Transouóó,€928€S.W.2d€949,€956€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ð  ÐApp.€1996).€€However,€circumstantial€evidence€alone€may€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€Ð ¨ø ÐòòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€899„900€(Tenn.€1987);€òòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862€S.W.2d€574,€577Ð €Ð Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€circumstantial€evidence€must€be€not€only€consistent€with€the€guilt€ofÐ X ¨ Ðthe€accused,€but€it€must€also€be€inconsistent€with€innocence€and€must€exclude€every€other€reasonableÐ 0"€  Ðtheory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€guilt.€€òòTharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€at€900.€€In€addition,€ð ðððit€must€establishÐ $X" Ðsuch€a€certainty€of€guilt€of€the€accused€as€to€convince€the€mind€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€[theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant]€is€the€one€who€committed€the€crime.ðððð€€òòId.óó€(quoting€òòPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€460€S.W.2d€385,€390Ð ¸'#& Ðâ â(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1970)).€€Further,€the€trier€of€fact€may€infer€from€the€amount€of€cocaine,€alongÐ )à$( Ðwith€relevant€facts€surrounding€the€arrest,€that€the€cocaine€was€possessed€for€the€purpose€of€sellingÐ ° Ðit.׃O×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„419.€Ð ˆØ Ðâ âÌà  àWhen€viewed€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€facts€as€introduced€at€trial€show€thatÐ Þ . Ðthe€appellant€was€in€the€car€that€drove€up€to€the€condominiums€next€to€the€Kingsport€Inn€togetherÐ ¶  Ðwith€King€and€Lang.€€The€three€men€exited€the€car€and€went€straight€for€room€216A.€€Within€fiveÐ ŽÞ  Ðminutes,€King€exited€the€room,€placed€a€bag€containing€19€individually„wrapped€crack€cocaine€rocksÐ f¶  Ðinto€the€bush€directly€in€front€of€the€room€and€pushed€the€bag€down€deep€into€the€bush€to€concealÐ >Ž  Ðit.€€After€King€returned€to€the€room,€the€appellant€exited€the€room,€immediately€turning€his€head€toÐ f Ðlook€at€the€same€bush.€€He€walked€toward€the€end€of€the€walkway,€turned€around€and€walked€backÐ î> Ðto€the€room.€€As€he€walked€back€to€the€room,€the€appellant€continued€to€look€at€the€bush,€evenÐ Æ Ðlooking€over€his€shoulder€as€he€entered€the€room.€€The€three€men€left€the€hotel€together€severalÐ žî Ðminutes€later€in€a€single„file€line,€each€looking€at€the€bush€on€their€way€out.€€The€three€men€got€intoÐ vÆ Ðthe€car€and€left€the€area.€€About€an€hour€later,€all€three€men€returned€to€the€hotel.€€Lang€and€theÐ Nž Ðappellant€stayed€in€the€car€while€King€exited€the€car€and€attempted€to€retrieve€the€bag€from€the€bush.€Ð &v ÐWhen€confronted,€the€appellant€initially€denied€knowledge€of€the€drugs,€but€later€admitted€that€heÐ þ N Ðknew€King€had€the€drugs.€€Ð Ö"&  ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€evidence€shows€that€King€was€the€only€one€seen€in€direct€contact€with€the€crackÐ ,'|"$ Ðcocaine,€the€evidence€demonstrates€that€King€was€not€acting€alone.€€The€appellant€accompanied€KingÐ )T$& Ðand€Lang€to€the€hotel.€€The€appellant€also€exited€the€room€after€King€hid€the€drugs€in€the€bush,Ð ° Ðstaring€at€the€bush€while€he€walked€down€the€walkway€away€from€the€room€and€as€he€returned.€€AllÐ ˆØ Ðthree€men€walked€single„file€past€the€bush€on€their€way€out€and€each€man€made€an€effort€to€look€atÐ `° Ðthe€location€of€the€hidden€drugs.€€Further,€all€three€men€came€back€to€the€hotel€at€a€later€time€togetherÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€an€attempt€to€retrieve€the€drugs.€€A€jury€could€infer€that€the€appellant€had€constructive€possessionÐ  ` Ðof€the€crack€cocaine.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€was€also€convicted€of€conspiracy€to€possess€over€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€theÐ >Ž  Ðintent€for€resale.€€Criminal€conspiracy€is€committed€when€two€or€more€people,€each€having€theÐ f Ðculpable€mental€state€required€for€the€offense€which€is€the€object€of€the€conspiracy€and€each€actingÐ î> Ðfor€the€purpose€of€promoting€or€facilitating€the€commission€of€an€offense,€agree€that€one€or€more€ofÐ Æ Ðthem€will€engage€in€conduct€which€constitutes€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„103.Ð žî ÐÌà  àTo€prove€the€existence€of€a€conspiratorial€relationship,€the€State€may€show€that€a€ð ðmutualÐ ôD Ðimplied€understandingðð€existed€between€the€parties.€€òòState€v.€Shropshireóó,€874€S.W.2d€634,€641Ð Ì Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€conspiracy€need€not€be€proved€by€production€of€an€official€or€formalÐ ¤!ô Ðagreement,€in€writing€or€otherwise.€€òòId.óó€€The€conspiracy€may€be€demonstrated€by€circumstantialÐ |#Ì  Ðevidence€and€the€conduct€of€the€participants€while€undertaking€illegal€activity.€€òòId.óó€€The€very€conceptÐ T%¤ " Ðof€a€conspiracy€connotes€some€harmonization€of€design,€not€equal€participation€in€every€individualÐ ,'|"$ Ðcomponent€of€every€criminal€offense.€€òòId.óó€€Additionally,€ð ð[t]he€commission€of€an€overt€act€inÐ )T$& Ðfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy€is€an€essential€element€of€the€offense.ðð€€òòThorntonóó,€10€S.W.3d€at€234.Ð Ü*,&( Їà  àAgain,€viewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€proof€showed€that€evenÐ ° Ðthough€King€was€the€only€one€of€the€three€men€seen€in€actual€possession€of€the€drugs,€the€three€menÐ ˆØ Ðoperated€as€a€unit.€€They€arrived€at€the€hotel€together,€left€the€hotel€together€and€returned€to€the€hotelÐ `° Ðlater€on€the€night€of€the€incident€together.€€King€himself€placed€the€bag€of€drugs€in€a€bush,€€but€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðappellant€looked€at€that€particular€bush€both€when€he€exited€the€room€by€himself€and€when€the€threeÐ  ` Ðmen€left€the€hotel€room€in€a€single„file€line,€indicating€his€knowledge€of€the€placement€of€the€drugs.€Ð è 8  ÐThe€jury€could€have€reasonably€inferred€the€existence€of€an€agreement€between€the€appellant,€King,Ð À  Ðand€Lang€to€sell€the€cocaine.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Yasmond€Fendersonóó,€No.€03C01„9711„CR„00496,Ð ˜è  Ð1999€WL€2840,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Jan.€6,€1999)€(finding€that€although€the€StateÐ pÀ Ðpresented€no€direct€proof€of€an€agreement€between€conspirators,€a€jury€may€reasonably€infer€theÐ H˜ Ðexistence€of€such€an€agreement€from€the€conspiratorsðð€acts).€€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àWe€determine€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€both€of€the€appellantððs€convictions.€Ð vÆ ÐWhile€this€evidence€is€not€overwhelming,€it€need€not€be.€The€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€theÐ Nž Ðjuryððs€determination€in€that€ð ðit€fairly€and€legitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€theÐ &v Ðcommission€of€the€crime€charged.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994),Ð þ N Ðòòsupercededóó€òòbyóó€òòstatuteóó€òòasóó€òòstatedóó€òòinóó€òòState€v.€Stoutóó,€46€S.W.3d€689€(Tenn.€2001).€€The€appellantððsÐ Ö"&  Ðargument€regarding€the€weakness€of€the€evidence€points€primarily€to€the€weight€of€the€evidence,Ð ®$þ" Ðwhich€was€to€be€determined€by€the€jury.€€Our€role€on€appeal€is€simply€to€determine€whether€theÐ †&Ö!$ Ðevidence€was€legally€sufficient€for€any€trier€of€fact€to€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offenseÐ ^(®#& Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€We€conclude€that€it€was.€Ð 6*†%( ЇòòÓ  ÓConclusionóóÐ ° ÐÓ`nÓÌÓÓà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Ð  V ÐÌÔ#†X¥XXX¥8#ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔÌÔ#†X¥XXX¥@o#ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔÌÔ#†X¥XXX¥ƒo#Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¯ ÿ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE