ÿWPCû  §p±»kM¦Ãr‡0‘Ø ¦šr0ÿ޳zÞÆJòFÞ5ý#‰ ž!~üg#èŠ$Íð™n ]…·‘BDŽQe X IdC?zrŒÁ$zJG}Ž÷-“ehtüþYûÒ²sêéæMáÐ×a${/tµ(åP¡ïÎÀÂ}ÈGKŒÐÉ‚â©Pœ£y`)ƒüêe†™Úº–±·8Ÿã¾g>Ã%k.ÎŽœèǹS_N4ú$-^¿¡‚¸O.Ýû¿£d¶¯rU³frŸr˜ÙX öv´ÿo,¬Q¢ºfÛkA•œæÄ‘þýÐjìöUÖ=ùYâ-«%T9®»¶Œ´ÌD#9?¹~ÿòUßøCz¬Ôp¤u©ØTPˆîçÖÌŽ1Q2éí˜Ó~-¾c[O†›À索„Ã, ªüÚ®ŠÂQóù„šg 8À.Џ\áŠÿ@Z¨=ò¥‚ ×ÒÒ4Ö­ä áhººèæw̦ ô:,«¯‚$ÓŒŽ£',>æòRËÅhà½]„„p÷:×\gÖ¤ºEäÕwÔ}E£HÚÙfŸúAJíâ$ÁÆÝaˆEhPÔC°’Sª÷-èAEnÊÿüßWðD¬i?b#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 U N¿ w 4 z% ÒŸ q € m‚ UN™ Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ9U@ÿN? 0DAÿ…E„(† 1u® 72# 0cU¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸ 00ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀbðððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððð 0ëøøøø Bãã 0¤ D3¤ D-× 0K ASOÆ¢ 0¤h 0D  A«P˜\\IB01S08\KNOXCLERK4ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»*_/Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularóbï.ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman (#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó õÝ ƒRJè$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÐeò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThis€is€another€case€in€which€the€use€of€a€jury€verdict€form,€as€is€customarily€used,€would€have€been€beneficial.€Ð ° ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Donald€Lee€Reidóó,€No.€M2000„02026„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€LEXIS€699,€at€*16€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð o¿ ÐApp.€Sept.€7,€2001,€at€Nashville).3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à 0ÿÿ.Normal- ù-(|G2Jè$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Q »»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÐeò»»Ô d(|3N$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Q »»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3N$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Q »»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Q »»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼Q »»»ÔÑ8€šÚXXdæ»»d 8ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ ¼Q »»¼Q Ôà@hhìàÔ‡ îíGî» ¼Q ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@RR$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#† ¼Q »î îíG+#ÔˆÐ Ï ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€December€10,€2002Ð î> ÐÔ‡ XšÚX» ¼Q ÔÌò òÔ#† ¼Q »X XšÚ)#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€EDWARD€L.€WILLIAMSÔ‡ XšÚX» ¼Q Ôó óÐ à0 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Knox€CountyÐ Ò " Ðà@@øøìàNo.€67839€€€€€€Richard€R.€Ô_ÔBaumgartnerÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ ¸  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<i` AßÐ jº  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00325„CCA„R3„CDÐ _¯  ÐOctober€31,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ E•  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<*` AßÐ +{  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓA€Knox€County€jury€convicted€the€juvenile€defendant,€Edward€L.€Williams,€of€premeditated€firstÐ  p  Ðdegree€murder€and€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€The€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentencesÐ V Ðof€life€for€the€premeditated€murder€conviction€and€twenty„two€years€for€the€especially€aggravatedÐ ì< Ðrobbery€conviction.€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€contends:€(1)€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÐ Ò" Ðthe€conviction€for€premeditated€murder;€and€(2)€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€consecutiveÐ ¸ Ðsentences.€€We€remand€for€entry€of€an€amended€judgment€reflecting€a€sentence€of€life€with€theÐ žî ÐÔ#cdddÔpossibility€of€paroleÔ#† ¼Q »X XšÚ#ÔÔ‡ XšÚX» ¼Q Ô€and€deleting€any€reference€to€a€merger€of€the€premeditated€murder€count€and€theÐ „Ô ÐÔ#ddcdÔfelony€murder€count.€€We€further€order€that€the€sentences€run€concurrently€rather€than€consecutively.€Ð jº ÐWe€otherwise€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.Ð P  ÐÓñÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€Conviction€of€the€Criminal€CourtÐ l ÐAffirmed€as€Modified;€Sentence€Modified;€Remandedó óÐ R ÐÌòòÓ  ÓJerry€L.€Smith,€J.,€Ô#† ¼Q »à XšÚ#ÔÔ‡ XšÚX. ¼Q Ôóódelivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€and€òòJamesÐ Î ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ´ ÐÌÔ_ÔDððArtagnanÔ_Ô€H.€Perry,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Edward€L.€Williams.Ð € Ð  ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Assistant€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Braden€H.€Ô_ÔBoucekÔ_Ô,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ L"œ" ÐGeneral;€Randall€E.€Ô_ÔNicholsÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€G.€Scott€Green,€Assistant€DistrictÐ 2#‚# ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $h$ ÐÓ% ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#† ¼Q »X XšÚh #ÔÔ‡ XšÚX» ¼Q ÔÐ ä%4!& ÐÌòòóóÔ#† ¼Q »X XšÚÆ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ XšÚX» ¼Q Ôà  àThis€case€arises€from€the€robbery€and€murder€of€twenty„two„year„old€Ô_ÔTheondaÔ_Ô€Williams€onÐ °'#( ÐFebruary€16,€1999.€€The€defendant€was€fourteen€years€old€at€the€time.€€Although€the€defendant€andÐ –(æ#) Ðthe€victim€have€the€same€last€name,€they€were€not€related.Ð |)Ì$* ÐÌà  àFrank€Williams,€the€brother€of€the€victim,€testified€that€on€the€evening€of€February€16,€1999,Ð H+˜&, Ðhe€was€at€the€victimððs€residence€with€the€victim,€the€victimððs€girlfriend,€Ô_ÔTamishaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔShervingtonÔ_Ô,€theÐ .,~'- Ðdefendant,€the€defendantððs€brother,€and€Ms.€Ô_ÔShervingtonÔ_Ôððs€mother.òòóó€€He€stated€the€victim€and€theÐ -d(. ÐÔ#cdddÔdefendant€were€drinking€alcohol€and€smoking€marijuana.€€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€atÐ ú-J)/ý ÐÔ_Ôapproximately€Ô#ddcdÔ11:05€p.m.,€he€asked€the€victim€to€drive€him€to€his€residence,€while€the€defendant€alsoÐ ° Ðasked€the€victim€to€drive€him€to€another€destination.€€He€stated€that€prior€to€entering€the€vehicle,Ð –æ Ðseveral€men€drove€up€to€the€residence;€the€defendant€retrieved€a€revolver€from€his€pocket;€and€theÐ |Ì Ðmen€drove€away.Ð b² ÐÌà  àMr.€Williams€testified€the€victim€drove€a€white€Oldsmobile€with€a€ð ðniceðð€stereo.€€The€victimÐ . ~ Ðand€the€defendant€argued€regarding€the€type€of€music€to€play,€but€neither€made€any€threats€duringÐ  d Ðthis€time.€€He€testified€the€victim€did€not€possess€a€firearm€that€evening.€€He€further€testified€thatÐ ú J Ðupon€arriving€at€his€residence,€the€victim€then€left€with€the€defendant.Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àTamisha€Shervington€testified€the€defendant€was€a€neighbor,€and€that€the€victim€becameÐ ¬ ü  Ðfriends€with€the€defendant.€€She€testified€that€on€February€16,€1999,€between€midnight€and€1:00€a.m.,Ð ’â  Ðthe€victim,€Frank€Williams,€and€the€defendant€left€her€residence€in€the€victimððs€white€Oldsmobile.€Ð xÈ  ÐShe€stated€the€vehicle€contained€a€compact€disc€player€with€speakers€in€the€trunk.€€She€further€statedÐ ^®  Ðthat€when€she€last€saw€the€vehicle,€it€was€not€damaged,€and€the€stereo€was€intact€and€operational.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àMarcus€Thomas€testified€that€on€February€17,€1999,€after€speaking€to€the€defendantððs€sister,Ð ` ÐTiffany€Jones,€he€drove€her€around€the€Mechanicsville€area€of€Knoxville,€in€his€blue€Honda€AccordÐ öF Ðsearching€for€the€defendant.€€He€stated€they€observed€the€victimððs€car€with€a€flat€tire€and€bullet€holeÐ Ü, Ðin€the€driverððs€side€window€parked€in€front€of€a€house.€€He€parked€his€vehicle€behind€the€car,€andÐ Â Ðthe€defendant€exited€the€house€minutes€later.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àMr.€Thomas€testified€Tiffany€Jones€informed€the€defendant€that€a€news€program€had€reportedÐ tÄ Ðthat€the€victim€was€dead.€€The€defendant€then€explained€he€had€been€searching€for€the€victim€earlierÐ Zª Ðthat€day€and€observed€the€victimððs€vehicle€parked€on€Boydððs€Bridge€Pike.€€The€defendant€stated€thatÐ @ Ðwhen€he€saw€no€one€inside€the€vehicle,€he€drove€the€vehicle€around€the€area€searching€for€the€victim.Ð &v ÐÌà  àMr.€Thomas€stated€the€defendant€retrieved€articles€of€clothing€from€underneath€the€seats€ofÐ òB Ðthe€vehicle.€€The€defendant€then€attempted€to€open€the€trunk€of€the€vehicle€with€a€key.€€However,Ð Ø( Ðthe€defendant€explained€the€lock€was€broken,€and€the€trunk€would€not€open.€€Mr.€Thomas€testifiedÐ ¾ Ðthe€defendant€then€moved€the€vehicle€to€another€location€and€removed€clothing€and€compact€discsÐ ¤ô Ðfrom€the€vehicle.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àMr.€Thomas€testified€he€drove€the€defendant€and€his€sister€to€the€defendantððs€residence€whereÐ V"¦! Ðthey€were€stopped€by€several€police€officers.€€He€stated€that€when€the€officers€activated€their€blueÐ <#Œ" Ðlights,€the€defendant€instructed€him€not€to€stop€because€he€was€ð ðon€the€run.ðð€€The€defendant€alsoÐ "$r# Ðinstructed€his€sister€to€hold€a€box€of€bullets.€€Mr.€Thomas€testified€that€upon€consenting€to€a€searchÐ %X $ Ðof€his€vehicle,€the€officers€retrieved€a€firearm,€a€box€of€bullets,€and€a€set€of€keys€which€did€notÐ î%>!% Ðbelong€to€him.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àOfficer€Felix€Voss€of€the€Knoxville€Police€Department€testified€that€upon€retrieving€theÐ  (ð#( Ðwhite€Oldsmobile,€he€observed€that€the€radio€was€missing,€the€driverððs€side€window€was€damaged,Ð †)Ö$) Ðand€the€trunk€appeared€to€have€been€ð ðpried€open.ðð€€Officer€Daniel€Crenshaw€testified€thatÐ l*¼%* Ðfingerprints€lifted€from€the€passenger€side€interior€window€of€the€vehicle€matched€the€defendantððsÐ R+¢&+ Ðfingerprints.€€Blood€was€discovered€on€the€interior€driverððs€side€door€within€a€foot€of€a€bullet€hole.Ð 8,ˆ', Їà  àOfficer€Tony€Willis€testified€he€was€dispatched€to€Robert€Huff€Road€where€he€observed€theÐ ° Ðvictimððs€body€lying€face€down€in€a€ditch€on€the€side€of€the€road.€€Officer€Willis€testified€he€andÐ –æ ÐDetective€Bennie€French€went€to€the€defendantððs€residence€and€observed€the€defendant€sitting€in€theÐ |Ì Ðback€seat€of€the€blue€Honda€Accord.€€Upon€taking€the€defendant€into€custody€and€obtaining€consentÐ b² Ðto€search€the€vehicle,€the€officer€found€a€.38€caliber€pistol€with€five€rounds€in€the€area€where€theÐ H˜ Ðdefendant€had€been€sitting,€a€box€of€.38€ammunition€in€the€floorboard,€and€a€set€of€keys.€€OfficerÐ . ~ ÐThomas€Evans€testified€the€firearm€discovered€in€the€blue€Honda€was€a€.38€caliber€revolver€whichÐ  d Ðcontained€five€shells.€Ð ú J ÐÌà  àDetective€Bennie€French€testified€that€upon€taking€the€defendant€into€custody,€the€defendantÐ Æ   Ðwaived€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€and€made€a€statement.€€The€defendant€admitted€he€shot€the€victim€whileÐ ¬ ü  Ðon€Boydððs€Bridge€Pike.€€He€stated€he€believed€the€victim€intended€to€harm€him€because€he€ð ðcouldÐ ’â  Ðsee€it€in€his€eyesðð€and€the€victim€ð ðcame€up€on€[him].ðð€€He€indicated€he€did€not€see€the€victim€withÐ xÈ  Ða€firearm€and€never€informed€the€officers€that€the€victim€attacked€him€with€a€speaker.Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àDetective€French€testified€he€interviewed€Tiffany€Jones,€who€stated€that€the€defendant€andÐ *z  Ðthe€victim€had€argued€and€were€ð ðtalking€about€violence€to€each€other.ðð€€She€informed€the€detectiveÐ ` Ðthat€when€the€officers€approached€the€blue€Honda,€the€defendant€attempted€to€give€her€a€box€ofÐ öF Ðammunition,€but€she€laid€them€on€the€floor€on€the€front€passengerððs€side.€€She€stated€the€defendantÐ Ü, Ðalso€attempted€to€give€her€a€set€of€keys,€but€she€placed€them€in€between€the€seats€of€the€vehicle.€Ð  ÐÌà  àTBI€Agent€Don€Carman,€an€expert€in€firearms€identification,€testified€the€firearm€found€byÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€officers€was€a€double„action€.38€caliber€revolver.€€He€explained€an€individual€could€fire€theÐ tÄ Ðrevolver€in€single„action€mode,€but€he€or€she€must€first€cock€the€hammer€before€pulling€the€trigger.€Ð Zª ÐHe€stated€approximately€three€and€one„half€pounds€of€pressure€was€required€to€pull€the€trigger€inÐ @ Ðsingle„action€mode,€while€approximately€twelve€pounds€of€pressure€was€required€to€pull€the€triggerÐ &v Ðin€double„action€mode.€€Agent€Carman€opined€that€once€the€gun€was€fired,€a€second€shot€could€notÐ  \ Ðbe€accidental.€€He€stated€he€also€tested€a€.38€caliber€Winchester€bullet€taken€from€the€victimððs€bodyÐ òB Ðand€concluded€the€bullet€was€fired€from€the€revolver€discovered€in€the€Honda.Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àDr.€Sandra€Elkins,€the€medical€examiner,€testified€that€on€February€17,€1999,€she€reportedÐ ¤ô Ðto€a€crime€scene€on€Robert€Huff€Road€where€she€observed€the€victimððs€body€lying€face€down€withÐ Š Ú Ðhis€arms€outstretched€over€his€head€and€his€pants€pulled€below€his€knees.€€Dr.€Elkins€stated€theÐ p!À  Ðvictim€was€five€feet,€eight€inches€tall€and€weighed€140€pounds.€€She€further€stated€the€victim€hadÐ V"¦! Ða€blood„alcohol€level€of€.13,€and€there€were€no€drugs€found€in€his€system.Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àDr.€Elkins€conducted€an€autopsy€of€the€victimððs€body€and€discovered€two€gunshot€wounds.€Ð %X $ ÐShe€stated€one€of€the€bullets€entered€the€right€side€of€the€victimððs€head€and€exited€through€the€otherÐ î%>!% Ðside.€€Based€upon€the€gunshot€residue€found€embedded€in€the€skin€around€the€entrance€wound,€Dr.Ð Ô&$"& ÐElkins€estimated€the€gun€was€fired€from€a€distance€of€twelve€to€twenty„four€inches€from€the€victimððsÐ º' #' Ðhead.€€Based€upon€the€gunshot€residue€found€on€the€victimððs€shirt€around€the€chest€wound,€Dr.Ð  (ð#( ÐElkins€estimated€the€gun€was€fired€from€a€distance€of€twelve€inches€or€less€from€the€body.€€Dr.Ð †)Ö$) ÐElkins€further€opined€either€of€the€wounds€would€have€been€fatal.Ð l*¼%* Ðâ âÐ R+¢&+ Ðà  àTiffany€Jones,€the€defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€approximately€one€and€one„half€weeksÐ ° Ðâ âprior€to€the€victimððs€death,€the€victim€threatened€her€and€the€defendant€with€a€firearm.€€She€statedÐ –æ Ðthe€victim€was€intoxicated€at€the€time,€and€when€the€victim€was€intoxicated,€he€suffered€from€ð ðmoodÐ |Ì Ðswings.ðð€€She€further€stated€the€victim€believed€the€defendant€and€the€victimððs€girlfriend€wereÐ b² Ðinvolved€in€a€relationship,€and€he€threatened€to€kill€the€defendant€on€other€occasions.€€She€deniedÐ H˜ Ðthe€defendant€ever€threatened€the€victim.€€She€stated€that€on€the€night€of€February€16,€1999,€she€wasÐ . ~ Ðat€the€victimððs€residence€and€observed€that€he€was€intoxicated.€€She€further€stated€she€did€not€seeÐ  d Ðthe€defendant€with€a€gun€that€night€and€that€the€defendant€was€afraid€of€the€victim.Ð ú J ÐÌà  àGarrett€Jones,€the€defendantððs€brother,€testified€that€on€a€prior€occasion,€the€victim€threatenedÐ Æ   Ðthe€defendant€with€an€automatic€weapon€while€at€the€victimððs€residence.€€He€stated€the€victim€hadÐ ¬ ü  Ðbeen€intoxicated€and€was€ð ðmeanðð€when€he€drank€alcohol.Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€the€victim€was€a€neighbor,€whom€he€occasionally€visited.€€He€statedÐ ^®  Ðthat€on€one€occasion,€the€victim,€who€was€intoxicated,€threatened€him€with€a€gun.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€on€February€16,€1999,€between€11:00€p.m.€and€midnight,€he€wentÐ ` Ðto€the€victimððs€residence€and€asked€the€victim€to€drive€him€to€a€friendððs€house.€€He€stated€the€victimÐ öF Ðwas€intoxicated€and€continued€to€drink€alcohol€while€driving.€€The€defendant€testified€that€afterÐ Ü, Ðdropping€Frank€Williams€off€at€his€residence,€they€drove€down€Boydððs€Bridge€Pike€where€the€victimÐ Â Ðaccused€him€of€having€a€relationship€with€his€girlfriend.€€The€victim€became€upset€and€came€at€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€with€a€speaker.€€The€defendant€stated€he€was€afraid€and€produced€a€gun€from€his€pocket.€Ð ŽÞ ÐThe€defendant€testified€he€then€fired€two€consecutive€shots,€the€first€of€which€hit€the€victimððs€chest.€Ð tÄ ÐHe€maintained€he€ð ðdidnððt€mean€to€shootðð€but€was€afraid€for€his€life.€€Ð Zª ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€after€he€shot€the€victim,€he€placed€the€victimððs€body€on€the€sideÐ &v Ðof€the€road€and€drove€the€vehicle€to€Mechanicsville€in€order€to€ð ðget€away€from€the€scene.ðð€€He€statedÐ  \ Ðanother€man€later€took€the€stereo€from€the€vehicle.€€He€further€stated€Mr.€Thomas€attempted€to€openÐ òB Ðthe€trunk€of€the€victimððs€vehicle€with€a€crowbar€and€then€took€the€keys.Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àThe€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€especiallyÐ ¤ô Ðaggravated€robbery.€€The€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentences€of€life€for€the€murder€convictionÐ Š Ú Ðand€twenty„two€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€conviction.Ð p!À  ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òI.€€SUFFICIENCYó óÐ "$r# ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€premeditatedÐ î%>!% Ðfirst€degree€murder.€€Specifically,€he€maintains€the€proof€presented€at€trial€failed€to€establishÐ Ô&$"& Ðpremeditation.€€We€disagree.Ð º' #' ÐÌò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àRegarding€our€review€of€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€the€relevant€question€is€whether€anyÐ R+¢&+ Ðrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€everyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðelement€of€the€offense.€€òòóóòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2dÐ ° Ð560,€573€(1979).€€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€we€do€not€reweigh€or€reevaluateÐ –æ Ðthe€evidence€or€substitute€our€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantialÐ |Ì Ðevidence.€€òòÔ‡XšÚXX XšÚÔState€v.€Butleróó,€108€S.W.3d€845,€848€(Tenn.€2003)Ô#† XšÚXXXšÚQE#Ô.€€To€the€contrary,€we€are€required€toÐ b² Ðafford€the€state€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÐ H˜ Ðinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€it.€€òòóóòòÔ‡XšÚXX XšÚÔState€v.€Elkinsóó,€102€S.W.3d€578,€581€(Tenn.€2003).Ô#† XšÚXXXšÚ¨F#Ôòòóó€€TheÐ . ~ Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€proof€on€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€at€the€appellate€level€since€aÐ  d Ðverdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€a€defendantððs€innocence.€€òòóóòòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2dÐ ú J Ð913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ð à 0 ÐÌò òB.€€Premeditated€First€Degree€Murderó óÐ ¬ ü  ÐÌÔ‡XšÚXX XšÚÔà  àThe€applicable€definition€of€first€degree€murder€is€ð ð[a]€premeditated€and€intentional€killingÐ xÈ  Ðof€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€necessitates€ð ða€previously€formedÐ ^®  Ðdesign€or€intent€to€kill,ðð€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€147€(Tenn.€1992)€(citations€omitted),€andÐ D”  Ðð ðan€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment€.€.€.€[meaning]€that€the€intent€to€kill€mustÐ *z  Ðhave€been€formed€prior€to€the€act€itself.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€It€also€requires€that€theÐ ` Ðaccused€be€ð ðsufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.ðð€òòId.óóÐ öF ÐÌà  àPremeditation€is€a€question€of€fact€to€be€determined€by€the€jury,€òòState€v.€Suttlesóó,€30€S.W.3dÐ Â Ð252,€261€(Tenn.€2000),€who€may€infer€premeditation€from€the€manner€and€circumstances€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðkilling.€€òòState€v.€Jerry€Ray€Davidsonóó,€No.€M1998„00105„SC„DDT„DD,€2003€WL€22398392,€at€*12Ð ŽÞ Ð(Tenn.€Oct.€20,€2003);€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997).€€Several€circumstancesÐ tÄ Ðthat€may€be€indicative€of€premeditation€include€declarations€of€the€intent€to€kill,€procurement€of€aÐ Zª Ðweapon,€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€fact€that€the€killing€wasÐ @ Ðparticularly€cruel,€infliction€of€multiple€wounds,€the€making€of€preparations€before€the€killing€forÐ &v Ðthe€purpose€of€concealing€the€crime,€destruction€or€secretion€of€evidence,€and€calmness€immediatelyÐ  \ Ðafter€the€killingòòóó.€€òòDavidsonóó,€2003€WL€22398392€at€*12;€òòState€v.€Nicholsóó,€24€S.W.3d€297,€302€(Tenn.Ð òB Ð2000).Ô#† XšÚXXXšÚ¨H#ÔÐ Ø( ÐÌà  àThe€proof€presented€at€trial€established€the€defendant€shot€the€unarmed€victim€twice€at€closeÐ ¤ô Ðrange€and€dumped€his€body€on€the€side€of€the€road.€€Detective€French€testified€the€defendantððs€sisterÐ Š Ú Ðinformed€him€that€the€victim€and€the€defendant€had€previously€argued€and€had€spoken€aboutÐ p!À  Ðð ðviolence€to€each€other.ðð€€Frank€Williams€stated€he€observed€the€defendant€in€possession€of€aÐ V"¦! Ðrevolver€prior€to€entering€the€victimððs€vehicle.€€Furthermore,€the€defendant€admitted€to€DetectiveÐ <#Œ" ÐFrench€that€the€victim€did€not€threaten€him€with€a€gun€prior€to€the€shooting.€€Agent€Carman€testifiedÐ "$r# Ða€second€shot€with€the€revolver€could€not€have€been€accidental.€€Dr.€Elkins€testified€both€gunshotsÐ %X $ Ðwere€fired€from€a€distance€very€close€to€the€victim.Ð î%>!% ÐÌà  àThe€evidence€further€established€the€defendant€acted€in€a€calm€manner€immediately€after€theÐ º' #' Ðkilling.€€He€dumped€the€victimððs€body€on€the€side€of€the€road€and€fled€in€the€victimððs€vehicle.€€TheÐ  (ð#( Ðdefendant€parked€the€vehicle€at€another€location€and€retrieved€various€articles€of€clothing€andÐ †)Ö$) ÐÔ#cdddÔcompact€discs€from€inside€the€vehicle.€€When€police€officers€began€to€approach€Mr.€Thomasðð€vehicle,Ð l*¼%* ÐÔ#ddcdÔthe€defendant€instructed€Mr.€Thomas€not€to€stop€because€he€was€ð ðon€the€run.ðð€€He€then€asked€hisÐ R+¢&+ Ðsister€to€conceal€a€box€of€ammunition€and€a€set€of€keys€for€him.€€Ð 8,ˆ', Їà  àWe€conclude€a€rational€jury€could€find€the€defendant€formed€a€design€or€intent€to€kill€andÐ ° Ðdid€so€upon€exercising€reflection€and€judgment.€€It€was€within€the€juryððs€purview€to€reject€the€self„Ð –æ Ðdefense€theory.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Goodeóó,€956€S.W.2d€521,€527€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€Therefore,€theÐ |Ì Ðevidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder.Ð b² ÐÌò òC.€€Felony€Murder€Countó óÐ . ~ ÐÌà  àWe€note€that€the€defendant€was€charged€in€Count€1€of€the€indictment€with€premeditated€firstÐ ú J Ðdegree€murder€and€in€Court€2€with€first€degree€murder€in€perpetration€of€robbery€(felony€murder).€Ð à 0 ÐThe€trial€court€charged€the€jury€as€to€premeditated€first€degree€murder€immediately€followed€by€itsÐ Æ   Ðlesser„included€offenses.€€Thereafter,€the€court€charged€felony€murder€without€specifically€listingÐ ¬ ü  Ðany€lesser„included€offenses.€€The€instructions€did€not€contain€any€directive€as€to€whether€the€juryÐ ’â  Ðshould€or€should€not€proceed€to€the€felony€murder€count€if€it€found€the€defendant€guilty€ofÐ xÈ  Ðpremeditated€first€degree€murder€or€any€of€its€lesser„included€offenses.€€At€the€conclusion€of€theÐ ^®  Ðcharge,€the€prosecutor€objected€at€a€bench€conference,€arguing€the€jury€should€consider€felonyÐ D”  Ðmurder€before€considering€the€lesser€offenses€if€the€jury€acquitted€of€premeditated€first€degreeÐ *z  Ðmurder.€€The€trial€court€informed€counsel€the€jury€would€only€consider€felony€murder€if€it€found€theÐ ` Ðdefendant€not€guilty€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder€òòandóó€all€of€its€lesser„included€offenses.€Ð öF ÐAgain,€we€note€the€actual€jury€instructions€were€silent€on€this€point.Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àThe€jury€charge€does€not€indicate€that€a€verdict€form€was€provided€to€the€jury,€and€there€isÐ ¨ø Ðno€verdict€form€in€the€record.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€jury€reported€its€verdict€by€responding€to€the€trial€courtððsÐ ŽÞ Ðinquiries.€€As€to€premeditated€first€degree€murder,€the€foreperson€announced€the€jury€found€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€guilty.€€The€trial€court€then€asked€for€the€verdict€as€to€especially€aggravated€robbery,€thusÐ Zª Ðskipping€the€felony€murder€count.€€The€foreperson€asked€the€trial€court€about€the€ð ðfelony€murder,ððÐ @ Ðbut€the€trial€court€again€asked€for€a€verdict€as€to€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€Upon€the€forepersonÐ &v Ðindicating€a€guilty€finding€on€especially€aggravated€robbery,€the€jury€was€polled€and€released€by€theÐ  \ Ðtrial€court.€€The€jury€was€never€given€an€opportunity€to€advise€the€trial€court€as€to€whether€it€had,Ð òB Ðin€fact,€reached€a€verdict€on€felony€murder.€€Based€upon€the€juryððs€question€about€felony€murder€andÐ Ø( Ðthe€lack€of€any€instructions€about€consideration€of€the€felony€murder€count,€it€would€appear€veryÐ ¾ Ðlikely€the€jury€had€indeed€reached€a€verdict€as€to€felony€murder.Ð ¤ô ÐÌà  àWhen€an€indictment€charges€both€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€felony€murder,€theÐ p!À  Ðtrial€court€should€instruct€the€jury€to€return€a€verdict€on€both€counts.€€òòState€v.€Cribbsóó,€967€S.W.2dÐ V"¦! Ð773,€788€(Tenn.€1998).€€If€convictions€are€returned€on€both€counts,€the€convictions€are€to€be€mergedÐ <#Œ" Ðby€the€trial€court€into€a€single€conviction€of€first€degree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Priceóó,€46€S.W.3d€785,€824„Ð "$r# Ð25€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€should€have€instructed€the€jury€to€return€a€verdictÐ %X $ Ðas€to€both€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€felony€murder.€€In€our€view,€the€practice€of€notÐ î%>!% Ðâ âreceiving€a€verdict€as€to€both€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€felony€murder€is€fraught€withÐ Ô&$"& Ðperil.€€One€such€peril€is€the€possible€double€jeopardy€implication€should€the€evidence€not€beÐ ° Ðsufficient€to€support€the€particular€count€upon€which€the€jury€did€return€a€verdict.Ð –æ Ðâ âÌà  àBecause€the€jury€was€never€asked€about€and€did€not€return€a€verdict€on€felony€murder,€weÐ b² Ðare€not€at€liberty€to€examine€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€a€felony€murder€conviction.€Ð H˜ ÐOur€examination€relating€to€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€limited€to€premeditated€first€degreeÐ . ~ Ðmurder€because€of€the€procedure€utilized€in€securing€the€jury€verdict.€€Further,€we€note€the€judgmentÐ  d Ðof€conviction€states€that€the€felony€murder€conviction€was€merged€with€the€premeditated€first€degreeÐ ú J Ðmurder€conviction.€€Because€the€jury€did€not€return€a€verdict€on€felony€murder,€we€remand€for€entryÐ à 0 Ðof€an€amended€judgment€deleting€this€language.Ð Æ   ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òII.€€SENTENCINGó óÐ xÈ  ÐÌÓ  ÓÔ#adddÔà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€his€sentences€to€be€servedÐ D”  Ðconsecutively.€€Ô#ddadÔWe€agree.Ð *z  ÐÌò òA.€€Sentencing€Hearingó óÐ öF ÐÌà  àDuring€the€defendantððs€sentencing€hearing,€the€transcript€of€his€bond€revocation€hearing€wasÐ Â Ðadmitted€into€evidence.€€During€the€bond€revocation€hearing,€Officer€Harry€McGuffey€testified€thatÐ ¨ø Ðon€November€30,€2000,€while€the€defendant€was€on€bond€for€the€instant€offense,€officers€stoppedÐ ŽÞ Ða€green€Plymouth€Neon.€€Officer€McGuffey€went€to€the€scene,€having€received€a€report€that€two€orÐ tÄ Ðthree€individuals€in€a€Plymouth€Neon€were€shooting€at€a€house.Ð Zª ÐÌà  àOfficer€McGuffey€testified€the€other€officers€had€their€weapons€drawn€on€the€driver,€whoÐ &v Ðwas€standing€outside€of€the€vehicle.€€The€officer€stated€that€while€the€officers€were€securing€theÐ  \ Ðdriver,€the€defendant,€who€was€sitting€on€the€passengerððs€side,€fled€in€the€vehicle.€€Officer€McGuffeyÐ òB Ðgave€chase€and€eventually€stopped€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€pointed€a€gun€at€the€officer,€andÐ Ø( Ðthe€officer€then€shot€the€defendant€in€his€left€arm.€€Antonio€Moore€testified€that€on€that€evening,Ð ¾ Ðprior€to€the€stop,€the€defendant€and€his€cousin€fired€approximately€twenty€gunshots€into€BroderickÐ ¤ô ÐHayesðð€residence,€which€was€also€a€day€care€center.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àDuring€the€sentencing€hearing,€Detective€Larry€Vineyard€testified€that€on€June€26,€1998,€heÐ V"¦! Ðinterviewed€the€defendant€regarding€the€shooting€of€Desmond€White.€€The€defendant€informed€theÐ <#Œ" Ðdetective€that€he€and€his€brother€were€involved€in€a€confrontation€with€White€outside€of€theirÐ "$r# Ðresidence.€€The€defendant€stated€White€fired€two€gunshots€toward€him,€and€in€response,€he€firedÐ %X $ Ðthree€rounds€hitting€White€in€his€chest€and€right€leg.€€Detective€Vineyard€stated€the€defendant€wasÐ î%>!% Ðcharged€in€juvenile€court€with€attempted€murder,€but€the€charge€was€dismissed€when€the€defendantÐ Ô&$"& Ðwas€subsequently€charged€in€regard€to€the€present€convictions.Ð º' #' ÐÌò òB.€€Trial€Courtððs€Findingsó óÐ †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€twenty„two€years€for€the€especially€aggravatedÐ R+¢&+ Ðrobbery€conviction€and€ran€the€sentence€consecutively€to€the€life€sentence€for€first€degree€murder.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐIn€imposing€consecutive€sentencing,€the€trial€court€described€the€defendant€as€a€ð ðtruly€dangerousððÐ ° Ðindividual€who€ð ðshould€not€be€on€the€street€with€other€members€of€society.ðð€€The€trial€court€furtherÐ –æ Ðnoted,€ð ðI€think€you€have€no€regard€for€other€human€life,€.€.€.€and€I€donððt€believe€that€there€is€anyÐ |Ì Ðconsequence€that€this€Court€can€impose€.€.€.€on€you€that€is€going€to€change€that€conduct.ðð€€However,Ð b² Ðthe€trial€court€further€found€the€defendant€did€not€commit€the€murder€ð ðfor€the€purpose€of€taking€hisÐ H˜ Ðcar,ðð€but€rather€the€theft€of€the€car€was€ð ða€necessary€result€of€the€conduct€itself.ðð€€The€trial€court€thenÐ . ~ Ðstated€it€would€not€run€the€sentence€consecutively€ð ð[i]f€that€was€the€only€factor€that€I€wasÐ  d Ðconsidering€here.ððÐ ú J ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€a€ð ðdangerous€offender,€whose€behavior€indicatesÐ Æ   Ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€.€.€.€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€riskÐ ¬ ü  Ðto€human€life€is€high.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)€(1997).€€The€trial€court€furtherÐ ’â  Ðfound€the€defendant€to€be€a€danger€to€society.€€The€court€noted€the€violent€incidents€unrelated€to€theÐ xÈ  Ðpresent€charges€and€concluded€the€defendant€had€repeatedly€demonstrated€the€danger€he€posed€toÐ ^®  Ðsociety€and€his€disregard€for€human€life.€€The€court€then€ordered€the€defendantððs€sentences€forÐ D”  Ðpremeditated€murder€and€especially€aggravated€robbery€to€be€served€consecutively.Ð *z  ÐÌò òC.€€Analysisó óÐ öF ÐÌà  àÔ‡XšÚXX XšÚÔA€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€the€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€ofÐ Â Ðthe€evidence€that€ð ð[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€noÐ ¨ø Ðregard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€lifeÐ ŽÞ Ðis€high.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)€(1997)òòòòóóóó.€€Furthermore,€in€the€event€the€trial€court€findsÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€is€a€ð ðdangerous€offender,ðð€it€must€also€determine€whether€the€consecutive€sentences€(1)Ð Zª Ðare€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed;€and€(2)€serve€to€protect€the€publicÐ @ Ðfrom€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€offender.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.Ð &v Ð1995).Ô#† XšÚXXXšÚ}#ÔÐ  \ ÐÌà  àIn€imposing€consecutive€sentences,€the€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€ð ða€dangerousÐ Ø( Ðoffender€whose€behavior€indicate[d]€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€aboutÐ ¾ Ðcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð ¤ô Ð115(b)(4)€(1997).€€The€òòóótrial€court€did€not€expressly€address€the€two€òòWilkersonóó€factors.€€òòSeeóóÐ Š Ú ÐòòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€939.€€Nevertheless,€it€is€apparent€from€the€trial€courtððs€findings€that€it€feltÐ p!À  Ðconsecutive€sentencing€was€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€conduct€by€theÐ V"¦! Ðdefendant,€the€second€òòWilkersonóó€factor.€€òòId.óó€€However,€the€trial€court€did€not€find€or€state€that€theÐ <#Œ" Ðeffective€sentence€of€life€plus€twenty„two€years€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€òòthese€twoÐ "$r# Ðoffensesóó,€the€first€òòWilkersonóó€factor.€€òòId.óó€€In€fact,€the€trial€courtððs€remarks€that€the€theft€was€simplyÐ %X $ Ða€ð ðnecessary€resultðð€of€the€homicide€seem€to€indicate€the€contrary.€€Further€the€trial€court€stated€itÐ î%>!% Ðwould€not€order€consecutive€sentences€based€on€that€factor€alone.€€Because€the€effective€sentenceÐ Ô&$"& Ðof€life€plus€twenty„two€years€òòmustóó€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€these€two€convictions,€weÐ º' #' Ðconclude,€based€upon€the€trial€courtððs€comments,€the€sentences€must€run€concurrently.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌÌÌÐ 8,ˆ', Ðò òÓ  ÓIII.€€CLERICAL€ERRORó óÐ ° ÐÓ7‡ÓÌà  àThe€trial€transcript€reflects€that€upon€return€of€the€juryððs€verdict€convicting€the€defendant€ofÐ |Ì Ðpremeditated€first€degree€murder,€the€trial€court€imposed€a€standard€life€sentence.€€However,€in€theÐ b² Ðjudgment,€the€box€between€ð ðLifeðð€and€ð ðLife€without€Paroleðð€is€marked;€as€a€result,€the€judgmentÐ H˜ Ðtechnically€appears€to€reflect€a€sentence€of€life€without€parole.€€Therefore,€we€remand€for€entry€ofÐ . ~ Ðan€amended€judgment€accurately€reflecting€a€life€sentence€with€the€possibility€of€parole.Ð  d ÐÌÓ  Óò òIV.€€CONCLUSIONó óÐ à 0 ÐÌÓ  Óà  àIn€summary,€we€conclude€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€convictionÐ ¬ ü  Ðfor€Ô#cdddÔpremeditated€first€degree€murder,€but€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences.€Ð ’â  ÐBecause€Ô#ddcdÔthe€jury€did€not€return€a€verdict€on€the€felony€murder€count,€we€also€remand€for€entry€ofÐ xÈ  Ðan€amended€judgment€deleting€any€reference€to€the€merger€of€the€felony€murder€count€and€theÐ ^®  Ðpremeditated€murder€count.€€Further,€the€amended€judgment€will€reflect€a€sentence€of€life€with€theÐ D”  Ðpossibility€of€parole€for€first€degree€murder.€€We€otherwise€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.Ð *z  ÐÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________€Ð ¨ø Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE