WPC  m9JWg?(/Qx> ]^F<גw@+AJYDɋIHpә'Y@g>seҖŻZx"> SEO[ݫGTepԂ5T&:ZkrVI` bdU#Iz#J/:. W ^I*qKAE,%b"Y}6=%WeXfl64ah4Z2 [ARVq5uʜ#1tNc'bl[kziI6w+0h-eo- x֢ o͚] ,stnVA=,}vk{)Ї|BOS_P!XFؖ[/k딨XU_scsu64P]k0X&܃ )0{j`J87poYB;6dh}~9z~ Pn׷);C"*# LUNW % 0(U:U: wG43 0B 0D( U:6 6 p mr r r r r r r r r r  B AQ  0D 0D 0DM M D/ B D3 HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nL(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,cAZ"Arial Regular,  AZ"Arial RegularN;V<E=>D?@AEBCUDEEFEGHEIJEKLEMNOPEQRESTEUVWDXYZ[E\]D^U_U`UaUbDc)edeDfgEhiDjklDmUnDoUpqrDsEtuEvwExyez{U|D}D~EEDDӀWc%3|x(8(2$ !  4X   0  (#$  0    ""   XMXXX 5BX XM   Ad FILED XMX 5B   November4,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr. zX XMAppellateCourtClerk ,cAZ"Arial RegularU d!"#$&C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  ((' dxdP Pd'dxd !  yyyccycc` 4XXMXXXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T  r )<,(j 8` `@E f ` ttx$X` rߛINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE `  @@0ATKNOXVILLE ,  JULY1998SESSIONSTATEOFTENNESSEE,    * D C.C.A.NO.03C019710CC00463 0  APPELLEE, <     * D BLOUNTCOUNTY \  ̢VS.   <     * D Hon.D.KellyThomas,Jr.,Judge (  0 4 RICKYH.WILSON,    * D (DisorderlyConduct;PublicIntoxication) @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$  @.$   % %  APPELLANT.#X XXXMۈ#XMXXX     * D  `    <      D    <     ForAppellant: <      D ForAppellee: $ ̢F.D.Gibson  <      D JohnKnoxWalkup  116E.HarperStreet     D AttorneyGeneralandReporter v Maryville,TN37804     D 450JamesRobertsonParkway  \    <      D Nashville,TN372430493   <      D EllenH.Pollack   <      D AssistantAttorneyGeneral   <      D CriminalJusticeDivision   <      D 425FifthAvenueNorth   <      D Nashville,TN372430493   <      D TammyHarrington   <      D AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral   <      D 363CourtStreet   <      D Maryville,TN37804   !  +$"&    < OPINIONFILED:____________________REVERSEDANDDISMISSEDGARYR.WADE,PRESIDINGJUDGE#X XXXM# 8/5   906 Xo4XXX 7 XXdXXd7   OPINION  `  Z  Thedefendant,RickyH.Wilson,wasconvictedinabenchtrialofdisorderlyconductandpublicintoxication.Thetrialcourtimposedconcurrent,thirtydaysentencesforeachoffensewithreleaseafterserviceoftendays.  Inthisappealofright,thedefendantraisesthefollowingissues:X 4(I)whethertheevidenceissufficienttosupporteachconviction;and(II)whetherdualconvictionsfordisorderlyconductandpublicintoxicationviolatedoublejeopardyprinciples.4 X Bothconvictionsarereversedanddismissedforinsufficientevidence.  OnFebruary3,1997,OfficerJoeThornhilloftheAlcoaPoliceDepartmentrespondedtothreeseparate"disturbancecall[s]"atthedefendant'sresidence.Thedefendant'swife,Ms.Wilson,wasthecomplainantoneachcall.ThefirsttimeOfficerThornhillarrived,thedefendantwasnotpresent.AfterspeakingwithMs.Wilson,heleft.Whenhearrivedafterthesecondcall,Ms.Wilsonspoketohimneartherearofthehousesotheywouldnotbedisturbedbythedefendant,whowasseatedinachairinthelivingroom.Duringtheirconversation,OfficerThornhillheardloudvoicescomingfromeitherthelivingroomorstreet.Uponfurtherinvestigation,hediscoveredthedefendant"onthewalkwayoutsidetheresidence"arguingwithSergeantJimMillerwhohadrespondedtothedispatch.Becauseitwasnearmidnight,theofficersdemandedthedefendant,whowasobviouslyintoxicated,to"quietdown."Ittookseveralminutestocalmthedefendant.  Thedefendantreturnedtohisresidenceandofficerswerepreparingto @8.2 leavewhenMs.Wilsonmadethethirdcall.OfficerThornhillwentbackinsideto $8.4 arrestthedefendant"forthescenethat[he]causedoutsidejustafewmomentsago."BecausethedefendantdidnotcooperatewithOfficerThornhill,otherbackupofficerssprayedthedefendantwithpeppersprayandhewasplacedunderarrest.π  OfficerJimMillertestifiedthathearrivedatthesceneafterOfficerThornhill,enteredtheresidence,andorderedthedefendanttositdownandbequietwhenhebecameloudandargumentative.Herecalledthatthedefendant,whowasbothagitatedanddrunk,movedoutsidetothefrontporchandbecamelouderandlouder.OfficerMillerexplainedthat"[s]incehewasathome,weweretryingtogivehimachancetonothavetotakehimtojail...."While}out}ontheporch,"[h]ewasloudenoughthatanybodyintheareacouldhaveheardhim."  OfficerMillertestifiedthatheandOfficerThornhillwerepreparingtoleavewhenMs.Wilsonmadethethirdcall.Whenthedefendantbecomeuncooperativeduringthearrestprocess,~t~heofficersprayedthedefendantinthefacewithpepperspray.OfficerThornhillwasthenabletomakethearrest.  OfficerRobertSimerlywasalsodispatchedtotheresidenceasabackup.Heverifiedtheaccountsoftheincidentprovidedbytheotherofficersanddescribedthedefendantasangryandshouting.  GeorgeStevenEisenhowerappearedasawitnessforthedefense.Hetestifiedthathewaswiththedefendantatthedefendant'sbrother'sresidenceuntilaround10:00P.M.,whentheywenttothedefendant'sresidence.Herecalledthatthepoliceleftwhenthedefendantexplainedthattherewasnodisturbanceattheresidence.Eisenhowerclaimedthathedidnotrecallhearinganytypeofdisturbanceoutsidetheresidence.Hestatedthatthepolicereturnedafewminutes 8.4 laterinresponsetoanothercall,sprayedthedefendantwithchemicalspray,andmadethearrest.  Thetrialjudgefoundthedefendantguiltyofpublicintoxicationanddisorderlyconductbutdismissedachargeforresistingarrest.Thetrialjudgemadethefollowingfindings:8 8 (# (#Asfarasthepublicintoxicationanddisorderlyconductgoes,hewasinapublicplace.There'snotanyevidencethathewasforcedoutthere....[Oneofficer]wasoutontheporchoroutonthesidewalkwithMr.Wilson....Allthree[officers]testifiedthathewasundertheinfluence,...thathewascausingunreasonablenoiseandunreasonablyannoyingpeople.So,Ifindhimguiltyofpublicintoxicationanddisorderlyconduct....   S  Ir   Thedefendant'sfirstcomplaintisthattheevidenceisinsufficient.Hecontendsthestatefailedtoestablishtheelementsofeachoffense.ccWemustagree.cc  XXXXOnappeal,ofcourse,thestateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimate :% viewoftheevidenceandallreasonableinferenceswhichmightbedrawntherefrom.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).Thecredibilityofthe (r# witnesses,theweighttobegiventheirtestimony,andthereconciliationofconflictsintheproofaremattersentrustedtothetrieroffact.Byrgev.State,575S.W.2d j, #' 292,295(Tenn.Crim.App.1978).Whenthesufficiencyoftheevidenceischallenged,therelevantquestioniswhether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletothestate,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Statev.Williams,657S.W.2d 3:*/ 405,410(Tenn.1983);Tenn.R.App.P.13(e).Althoughthiscasewasabenchtrial,thefindingsofthetrialjudgewhoconductedtheproceedingcarrythesameweightasajuryverdict.Statev.Tate,615S.W.2d161,162(Tenn.Crim.App. 8/5 1981).  Publicintoxicationoccurswhenaperson"appearsinapublicplaceundertheinfluenceofacontrolledsubstanceoranyotherintoxicatingsubstancetothedegreethat[cct]heccoffendermaybeendangered;[cct]hereccisendangermenttootherpersonsorproperty;or[cct]heccoffenderunreasonablyannoyspeopleinthevicinity."Tenn.CodeAnn.cc3917310.ccOurcodedefines"publicplace"asfollows:X 4[A]placetowhichthepublicoragroupofpersonshasaccessandincludes,butisnotlimitedto,highways,transportationfacilities,schools,placesofamusement,parks,placesofbusiness,playgroundsandhallways,lobbiesandotherportionsofapartmenthousesandhotelsnotconstitutingroomsorapartmentsdesignedforactualresidence.Anactisdeemedtooccurinapublicplaceifitproducesitsoffensiveorproscribedconsequencesinapublicyyplace.mmyy4 1(X#(?(yyllTenn.yyCodeAnn.3911106(a)(29).#XXXXv!#XXXX    cc#XXXX*#Thecctrialjudgefoundccthatthedefendanthad"unreasonablyannoyed "( people."SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3917310(a)(3).Inourview,however,the T$ evidenceisinsufficienttosupportthisconclusion.Althoughccthereisproofthatthedefendantwasarguingloudlyoutsidehisresidenceaftermidnight,thereisnoproofthatheactuallyannoyedanyoneelseinthevicinity.XXXXOfficerMillertestifiedthatthe )X $ defendantyelledloudenoughthatanyoneintheneighborhoodcouldhaveheardhim.#XXXX)-#Thatsomeoneintheareacouldhaveheardthedefendantdoesnotestablish P-#( thatheunreasonablyannoyedothers.Thestatuterequiresthatthedefendant,infact,"unreasonablyannoy[]peopleinthevicinity,"notthathisconductcouldhaveannoyedothers.Inconsequence,theconvictionforpublicintoxicationmustbereversedanddismissed.XXXX 4 +0   Disorderlyconductoccurswhenapersonn:" 8.4 X 4(a)...inapublicplaceandwithintenttocausepublicannoyanceoralarm(1)Engagesinfightingorinviolentorthreateningbehavior;(2)Refusestoobeyanofficialordertodisperseissuedtomaintainpublicsafetyindangerousproximitytoafire,hazardorotheremergency;or(3)Createsahazardousorphysicallyoffensiveconditionbyanyactthatservesnolegitimatepurpose.(b)Apersonalsoviolatesthissectionwhomakesunreasonablenoisewhichpreventsothersfromcarryingonlawfulyyactivities.ooyy4 50X'0C0yynnTenn.yyCodeAnn.3917305(a).  Thetrialjudgecccourtccccconvictedthedefendantundersubpartcc(b),whichrequiresthatthedefendantmakeunreasonablenoisewhichpreventsothersfromcarryingonlawfulactivities.ccWecannoty,,yagreepwiththatassessmentp.y,,yTheccproofshowsthedefendantwasarguingloudlyoutsideofhisresidenceaftermidnight.Althoughthesefactsdosupporttheconclusionthatthedefendantmade"unreasonablenoise,"thereisnoproofthatothersheardthenoiseandwerepreventedfromcarryingonlegallawfulactivities.OfficerMiller'stestimonythatothers"couldhave"heardthedefendantdoesnotestablishthatccothersccdid,infact,hearthenoiseandwere,infact,preventedfromcarryingonlegalactivities.Accordingly,thedisorderlyconductconvictionmustalsobereversedanddismissed.cccccc  y11y#XXXXb/#mXXXX#XvXXX6<#mTheccyydefendantalsoarguestheevidenceisinsufficientbecausethe j, #' "arrestwasdoneillegallythroughanimproperintrusionintotheresidenceofappellant."Hecomplainsthepolicemadeawarrantlessentryintohishomeandthatthestatefailedtoshowexigentcircumstancesforthefailuretoobtainawarrant.Generally,ifanarrestoccursinahomeratherthanapublicplace,thepolicearerequiredtosecureawarrant.Paytonv.NewYork,445U.S.573(1980);Statev. f5,1 Clark,844S.W.2d597,599(Tenn.1992).Ifaresidentwithinthehomeconsentsto 27-3 policeentry,however,awarrantisnotrequired.UnitedStatesv.Matlock,415U.S. 8/5 164(1974);Clark,844S.W.2dat599. `    Thelegalityoftheentryintothehomewasnotlitigatedpretrial.See   Tenn.R.Crim.P.12.Nordidthetrialcourtmakespecificfactualfindingsonthelegalityofthearrest.Basedontheproofattrial,however,Ms.Wilsoninvitedthepolicetoenterthesharedresidence.Thiscomplaintis,therefore,withoutmerit.    II<  ccAlthoughwehavereversedanddismissedtheconvictions,wewilladdressc4themerits4ccthemeritscofthedefendant'snextcontention:thatccdoublejeopardyconsiderationsbarconvictionsforbothpublicintoxicationanddisorderlyconduct.TheprinciplesannouncedbyoursupremecourtinStatev.Denton,938S.W.2d373 $ (Tenn.1996),control.XXXX  ThedoublejeopardyclausesoftheUnitedStatesandTennessee "( Constitutionsprotectagainstmultipleconvictionsorpunishmentsforthesameoffense.Theoffensessupportingtheconvictionsmustbe"whollyseparateanddistinct."Statev.Goins,705S.W.2d648,650(Tenn.1986);Statev.Pelayo,881 '" ТS.W.2d7,10(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).#XXXXh>#ԀInDenton,oursupremecourtobservedthat )X $ "[t]hekeyissueinmultiplepunishmentcasesislegislativeintent."938S.W.2dat379.ThecourtsuggestedaBlockburgeranalysisasthefirststep: P-#( X 4[W]herethesameactortransactionconstitutesaviolationoftwodistinctstatutoryprovisions,thetesttobeappliedtodeterminewhethertherearetwooffensesoronlyoneiswhethereachprovisionrequiresproofofanadditionalfactwhichtheotherdoesnot.4 ]AXOAkADenton,938S.W.2dat379(alterationinoriginal)(quotingBlockburgerv.United 4 +0 States,284U.S.299,304(1932)). L6,2  8.4   Blockburger,however,"isnotconclusive."Denton,938S.W.2dat `  379.Thecourtshouldalsoconsiderwhetherthesameevidenceisusedtoprovebothoffenses.InDuchacv.State,505S.W.2d237(Tenn.1973),oursupreme   courtstatedtheruleasfollows:8 8 (# (#Onetestofidentityofoffensesiswhetherthesame 0 evidenceisrequiredtoprovethem.Ifthesameevidence v  isnotrequired,thenthefactthatbothchargesrelateto,andgrowoutof,onetransaction,doesnotmakeasingleoffensewheretwoaredefinedbythestatutes.   Denton,938S.W.2dat380(quotingDuchac,505S.W.2dat239)(emphasis   added).  Finally,courtsshouldexamineotherfactorsrelativetolegislativeintent:8 8 (# (#(1)whetherthereweremultiplevictimsinvolved;(2)whetherseveraldiscreteactswereinvolved;and(3)whethertheevilatwhicheachoffenseisdirectedisthesameordifferent.   Denton,938S.W.2dat381(footnotesomitted). n#   Disorderlyconductisdefinedasfollows:X 4(a)Apersoncommitsanoffensewho,inapublicplaceandwithintenttocausepublicannoyanceoralarm:(1)Engagesinfightingorinviolentorthreateningbehavior;(2)Refusestoobeyanofficialordertodisperseissuedtomaintainpublicsafetyindangerousproximitytoafire,hazardorotheremergency;or(3)Createsahazardousorphysicallyoffensiveconditionbyanyactthatservesnolegitimatepurpose.(b)Apersonalsoviolatesthissectionwhomakesunreasonablenoisewhichpreventsothersfromcarryingonlawfulactivities.(c)AviolationofthissectionisaClassCmisdemeanor.4 HXHTenn.CodeAnn.3917305.  Publicintoxicationisdefinedasfollows: 8/5 ЇX 4(a)Apersoncommitstheoffenseofpublicintoxicationwhoappearsinapublicplaceundertheinfluenceofacontrolledsubstanceoranyotherintoxicatingsubstancetothedegreethat:(1)Theoffendermaybeendangered;(2)Thereisendangermenttootherpersonsorproperty;or(3)Theoffenderunreasonablyannoyspeopleinthevicinity.(b)AviolationofthissectionisaClassCmisdemeanor.4 LXKTenn.CodeAnn.3917310.  Becausepublicintoxicationrequiresthatthedefendantbeundertheinfluenceofacontrolledsubstance,anelementwhichisnotrequiredfordisorderlyconduct,dualconvictionswouldnothavebeenbarredbyaBlockburgeranalysis. r   Furthermore,differentevidenceisrequiredtoestablisheachoffense.Publicintoxicationcouldonlybeestablishedwiththeofficers'testimonythatthedefendantwasintoxicated.Proofofthedefendant'sintoxicationwouldbeirrelevanttoshowingdisorderlyconduct.  Finally,neitheroffenseinvolvedaspecificidentifiablevictim.Theevilatwhicheachstatuteisdirectedmayoverlap.Forexample,publicintoxicationanddisorderlyconductmaybothbebasedon"annoying"behavior.Thepublicintoxicationstatute,however,alsohasthespecificpurposeofprotectingtheoffenderaswellasthepublicfrombeingendangeredbytheintoxicatedoffender.Thedisorderlyconductstatuteisbroaderandisintendedtoprotectfromtheoffenderwhoengagesinobnoxious,violent,abusive,ordangerousbehaviorwithpotentiallyharmfulconsequencestoothers.Althoughthereissomeoverlapintheeviltobeavoided,thestatutesdohavedifferentobjectives.Thus,doublejeopardywouldnotbardualconvictionsforpublicintoxicationanddisorderlyconduct. 8/5   yyqInsummary,qrAccordingly,rccbothy66yconvictionscccc:are:ccreversedandyydismisseds.stttbaseduponinsututficientuvfficivwvantvwxentevidence.xyy   <      D __________________________________   <      D GaryR.Wade,PresidingJudgeCONCUR:________________________________JosephM.Tipton,Judge________________________________DavidH.Welles,Judge{{|̛|cc |;;;  X ;|;;ccz;JudgeWade,;CThisisthepublicintoxication/disorderlyconductcase,wherewehadreversedanddismissedthepublicintoxicationCzcCconvicitonCczcconvictioncCbecausetheintoxicationdidnotoccurinapublicplace.C^^CAsImentionedtoyouearlierthisweek,JudgeTiptonCdpointedoutthatIhavemissedthedzeCbrouCeDCthCDeEghttoourattentiontheEeFEdEFzGstatutorydefinitionofGzHGpubGHzI"publicplace."WIzJIeIJzKhenIspokeKkfurtherkKwithJudgeTiptonaboutthecase,heinformedmethathebelievedtherewasalsoinsufficientevidenceforthedisorKzLKederKLzMderlyconductconviction.AMNtNMtachedishisroughdraftdissentonthedisorderlyconductconviction.M__z];IspokewithJudgeTiptonaboutthiscase.;OO]zOAfterthinkingaboutthecaseOzPO,sOPzQsomeQzRQQRzSmore,IbelieveJudgeSzTSitpoSTzUTiptoniscorrectthatthereisinsufficientevidenceforeitherconvicUVtVUiUzWUtUWzUon.UXX``XIhaverewrittentheopiniontoreverseanddismissbothconvictions.IhavealsochangedthediscussiontoreflectthestatutoryXYYXdefinitionXZofZz[ZpublicZ[z\"publicplace."\UUfIhavehighlightedthechangedportionsoftheopfzgfnionfgzhihzihohizhnionhj.j;;aLetmeknowifthisneedsmorework.azb;AsIhadmentionedpreviously,;b<;wehadmiss;<>=i=>b?I?=hadmissed=@thestatutorydefinitionof@bA@public@AbB"publiBbcc