WPC LJRu9$1JUr#m|y~RH CeυK2@E(}ZWmwW)y7+v%Uh [+fڮRТG=^&@2]P ]$-Q( Io׳46_b"}w=$޼{{.hnONqkTl!Smo}}H5̆J fVerۉ(C]_qk҈/"ݡ9}|>c]~ uE Mly-LV E+9S{ف:Ǎҽ .LJ6 ~B]ŭ.u(%0E޺w2E|qFN" .7C]p4uk+ ƨ>iOYF֨vw7Z[ͯWu&|KUBF % U.  nX 0P$ 4t  0 0cC w@ U: U: U:Z  {aU:uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu B D3 0D AOC 0DX D/ B<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%2A`ArialTT3|X<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@%2A`ArialTTt10cpiXXX2PQXP(($D  uM%(c(2v$ !D   XKXXX   0  ("$ X<=XXX  0   EDDUUӀg"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular XKXXXzHXXK   Ad FILEDXKXzH  October6,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM    uD$D  X;XXX   2    ĬXX;Thisstatuteprovidesthatadefendantssentencemaybeenhancedforafelonyoffenseifit `  wascommittedwhileonbailforanotherfelonyoffenseandthedefendantisultimatelyconvictedofbothoffenses. W  uD$D  X;XXX   1    ĬXX;Thisruleprovidesformandatoryconsecutivesentenceswhereadefendantcommitsafelony `  whileonbailforanothercrimeandisconvictedofbothcrimes.,cAZ"Arial Regular d$$$$'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !D   ` XPD  TR[A'Legal3'A' Legal3'T  XXXX7  XXdd7r*<,(j 8` `@Ef ` 8ttxP"`  rߛ  INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE `  @uu:MATNASHVILLE  @7MAUGUST1998SESSION STATEOFTENNESSEE,     ` )  p     X      ` )   C.C.A.NO.01C019710CC00478  `    Appellee,  򀀀   ` ) P     X      ` )  ROBERTSONCOUNTY  @  VS.   X      ` ) 0     X      ` )  HON.ROBERTW.WEDEMEYER,   JASONL.WINCHESTER,   ` )  JUDGE p    X      ` )  Appellant.      ` )  (Sentencing)  P  FORTHEAPPELLANT:     `   FORTHEAPPELLEE:   WILLIAMR.UNDERHILL     `   JOHNKNOXWALKUP   512MainSt.  X      `   AttorneyGeneral&Reporter  p Springfield,TN37172   X      `   DEBORAHA.TULLIS  "P    X      `   Asst.AttorneyGeneral̀   X      `   JohnSevierBldg. $0    X      `   425FifthAve.,North !  p#  %     X      `   Nashville,TN372430493     X      `   JOHNW.CARNEY  P(!    X      `   DistrictAttorneyGeneral   X      `   DENTMORRISS   +!$    X      `   Asst.DistrictAttorneyGeneral   X      `   500SouthMainSt.   X      `   Springfield,TN37172 !  p#  -$'    X        X      `      X   OPINIONFILED:____________________ AFFIRMED  p5,/  JOHNH.PEAY,  @8.2 Judge   :04 X  @:M XXOPINION#XX#Ԉ `     Thedefendantpledguiltytoburglary,carjacking,andaggravatedassault.Ultimately,hereceivedaneffectivesentenceofthirteenyearsincarceration:tenyearsϜforcarjacking;fiveyearsforaggravatedassault,tobeservedconcurrentlywiththecarjackingsentence;andthreeyearsforburglary,tobeservedconsecutivelytothetenyearcarjackingsentence.Thedefendantnowappeals,arguingthatthetrialcourtimproperlyimposedconsecutivesentencesunderT.C.A.4035115.Weaffirm.  InApril1996,whileundertheinfluenceofalcohol,marijuanaandcocaine,thedefendantburglarizedaresidenceandstoleseveralitemsofpersonalproperty,whichhetookbacktohishouse.Headmitsheintendedtosellthepropertyhehadstolen.Thedefendantwasarrestedandconfessedtotheburglarylaterthatday.  Threemonthslater,againundertheinfluenceofalcoholandcrackcocaine,thedefendantandacodefendantapproachedavehiclewiththreeindividualssittinginsidethevehicleandonepumpinggas.Thecodefendantpointedapistolattheindividualpumpinggasandthreatenedtokillallofthemifthethreepassengersdidnotexitthevehicle.Meanwhile,thedefendantheldascrewdriverinathreateningmanner.Oncethepassengersexitedthecar,thedefendantandcodefendantdroveaway,apparentlyontheirwaytoSpringfieldsothedefendantcouldfightanotherperson.Theywerearrestedaftertheycrashedthevehicleseveralmilesaway.Afterhewastransportedtothepolicestation,thevictimsidentifiedthedefendantandcodefendant.Duringaninterviewwithoneofthepolicedetectives,thedefendantrepeatedlythreatenedtokillthearrestingofficer. 6&-0  6&-2   OnJuly23,1996,thedefendantwasindictedforaggravatedburglaryandϜfortheftoverfivehundreddollars($500).OnOctober28,1996,thedefendantwasalsoindictedforrecklessendangerment,carjacking,evadingarrest,andfourcountsofaggravatedassault.Sixmonthslater,thedefendantenteredanopenguiltypleatoburglary,carjacking,andonecountofaggravatedassault.  Atthesentencinghearing,thetrialcourtsentencedthedefendanttoincarcerationforthreeyearsforhisburglaryconviction,elevenyearsforhiscarjackingconviction,andfiveyearsforhisaggravatedassaultconviction.Afterfinding,byapreponderanceoftheevidence,thatthedefendant hasanextensiverecordofcriminalactivityand isadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleornoregardforhumanlifeandnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhichtherisktohumanlifeishigh,thetrialcourtorderedthedefendanttoservetheelevenyearcarjackingsentenceconsecutivetohisfiveyearaggravatedassaultsentenceandhisthreeyearburglarysentence.Thedefendantmovedtoamendhissentences.Afterdeterminingthatthedefendantssentenceshouldbemodifiedinordertocorrectanydisparitybetweenthedefendantssentenceandhiscodefendantssentence,thetrialcourtfiledanamendedjudgmentandreducedthedefendantssentenceforcarjackingfromeleventotenyears.Thetrialcourtfurtheramendedthedefendantssentencetoreflectthatthethreeyearburglarysentencewouldrunconsecutivetohistenyearcarjackingsentence,butconcurrentwithhisfiveyearaggravatedassaultsentence.  Thedefendantnowappeals,arguingthatthetrialcourtimproperlyorderedconsecutivesentencesunderT.C.A.4035115(b)(2)&(4).First,eventhoughneitherpartymentionsTennesseeRuleofCriminalProcedure32(c)(3)(C),   X;XXX;  1      ׀wenotethatwefail 4 +0 toseehowRule32(c)(3)(C)wouldnotapplyinthiscasetorequiremandatoryconsecutivesentencesforthedefendant.TherecordindicatesthatthedefendantwasarrestedinApril1996ontheburglarycharge,andifthatistrue,thenthedefendantwouldhavebeenreleasedonbailatthetimehecommittedthecarjackingandaggravatedassaultoffenses.Despitethis,however,thetrialcourtandassistantdistrictattorneygeneralagreedthatT.C.A.4035114(13)(A)   X;XX X;  2      ׀wouldnotapplytoenhancethe \  defendantssentence,adecisionthatwedonotunderstandgiventherecordbeforeus.Rule32(c)(3)(C)wasneverdiscussedontherecord.Wecannotremedythisapparentdiscrepancyonappeal,butwenotethatif,infact,thedefendanthadbeenreleasedonbailfortheburglaryoffenseatthetimehecommittedthecarjackingandaggravatedassaultoffenses,Rule32(c)(3)(C)wouldrequiremandatoryconsecutivesentencing.  Wecandisposeofthiscasewithoutresolvingthisproblemintherecord,however.Thetrialcourtmay,initsdiscretion,imposesentencestorunconcurrentlyorconsecutively.T.C.A.4020111(a).TheLegislaturehasprovidedforvariousinstanceswhenconsecutivesentencesmaybeappropriate,includingwhenthetrialcourtfinds,byapreponderanceoftheevidence,thatthedefendant isanoffenderwhoserecordofcriminalactivityisextensiveor isadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleornoregardforhumanlife,andnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhichtherisktohumanlifeishigh.T.C.A.4035115(b)(2),(4).Eitherofthesefindings,oranyoftheotherfindingsenumeratedin4035115(b),wouldqualifyadefendantforconsecutivesentencing.Inthisappeal,thedefendantfirstcontendsthathisrecordofcriminalactivityisnotsoextensiveastojustifyconsecutivesentences.See 0', 4035115(b)(2).Wedisagree. 2T). Ї  Therecordreflectsthatthedefendant,ageseventeenatthetimehecommittedtheoffensesinthiscase,wasconvictedasajuvenilefordisorderlyconductandfor violationofavalidcourtorderfortruancy.Fromlate1996toearly1997,whilethedispositionoftheinstantcasesremainedpending,hewasarrestedforpublicintoxication,twiceconvictedofcontributingtothedelinquencyofaminor,andonceconvictedforviolatinghisprobation.Also,thedefendantadmitsdrinkingalcohol,smokingmarijuana,andusingcrackcocaine onaregularbasis,ifnoteverydaytheneveryotherday.Giventhissortofcriminalbehavior,thetrialcourtdidnoterrinfindingthatthedefendanthadanextensiverecordofcriminalactivityunder4035115(b)(2).  Whenadefendantfallswithinthestatutoryclassificationsforeligibilitytobeconsideredforconsecutivesentencing,theonlyremainingconsiderationsarewhether(1)thesentencesarenecessaryinordertoprotectthepublicfromfurthermisconductbythedefendantand(2)thetermsarereasonablyrelatedtotheseverityoftheoffenses."  \ Statev.ZacheryL.Barnes,C.C.A.No.01C01-9704-CC-00138,RutherfordCounty "( (Tenn.Crim.App.filedMarch5,1998,atNashville)(citingStatev.Wilkerson,905S.W.2d T$ 933,938(Tenn.1995)).Here,thetrialcourtfailedtomakethesefindingsontherecord.Evenso,thedefendantadmitteddrinkingalcohol,smokingmarijuana,andusingcrackcocainetoexcessnearlyeveryday,includingthedayshecommittedthecrimeschargedinthiscase.Supposedly,thedefendantattendedadrugrehabilitationprograminDecember1996,buthealsoadmittedthatsincethen,hehasconsumedalcohol,whichiscontrarytotheprogramsplanofaftercare.BesideshisunderagedrinkingandillegalϜdruguse,thedefendantscriminalrecordindicatesasteadfastdisregardforauthorityandrefusaltoadjusthisbehaviortosocietysstandards.Instead,withtheinstantoffensesofburglary,carjacking,andaggravatedassault,thedefendantsbehaviorhasescalatedtoamoreviolentanddangerousnature.Thedefendant,intoxicatedonalcoholand L6,2 drugs,burglarizedahomeandintendedtosellthepropertyhehadstolen,butunfortunatelyforhim,hewasarrestedbeforehecoulddoso.Then,threemonthslaterandagainintoxicatedonalcoholanddrugs,thedefendantandhiscodefendantthreatenedseveralpeoplewithdangerousweaponsinordertohijackacarsohecouldtraveltoSpringfieldtofightanotherperson.Whenlaterarrested,thedefendantrepeatedlythreatenedthelifeofthearrestingofficer.Undersuchcircumstances,consecutivesentencesarenecessarytoprotectthepublicfromthedefendantsmisconductandarereasonablyrelatedtotheseverityoftheoffensescommitted.See   Barnes,C.C.A.No.01C01-9704-CC-00138.Assuch,thetrialcourtdidnotabuseits ` discretioninimposingconsecutivesentencesunder4035115(b)(2).  Becausethedefendantseligibilityforconsecutivesentencesmustbeshownunderonlyoneofthestatutoryclassificationslistedin4035115(b),weneednotaddressthedefendantsotherargumentthatthetrialcourterredinorderingconsecutivesentencesonthebasisheisa dangerousoffenderasdefinedin4035115(b)(4).Thedefendantssentencesareaffirmed.Ӝ   X      `   _______________________________   X      `   JOHNH.PEAY,Judge̜CONCUR:̜______________________________THOMAST.WOODALL,Judge______________________________L.TERRYLAFFERTY,SpecialJudge