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WilliamA.Kennedy,AssistantPublicDefender,fortheappellant,James_Woodmancy_.  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneral&Reporter;MarkA._Fulks_,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;and ` TeresaMurraySmithandJimGoodwin,AssistantDistrictAttorneysGeneral,fortheappellee,State L  ofTennessee. 8!  `@@OO& OPINION #K=XX!#X!XK= #`" #K=XX! #X!XK=    OntheafternoonofMay20,1999,thethennineyearoldvictim,A.P., #  1      ׀#K=XX!I #X!XK=andherfamilywent $8 $ totheFortHenryMallinKingsport.Whilehermother,CeciliaPierce,watchedheryoungerbrother, %$!% thevictimandafriendplayedhideandseeknearby.Asthevictimhidunderacarondisplayina &"& commonareaofthemall,shesaidaloud, IguessIllhideunderhere.Amanthatshelater '"' identifiedasthedefendantoverheardtheremarkandanswered, Goahead.Accordingtothe (#( victim,whenshehidundertherearofthevehicleandlookedinthedirectionofthedefendant,his )$) pantswereunzippedandhispeniswasexposed.Shedescribedthedefendant,whowascarryinga p*%* blackfolderornotebook,aswearingabeigeshirt,bluejeans,andanavybluebaseballcap.When \+&+ _thevictimgotfrombeneaththevehicleandmovedtowardhermother,whowasnearby,the  defendantwalkedtowardamallexit.Althoughthevictimandherfamilylookedforthedefendant,  theydidnotseehimagainuntiltheywereleavingthemall.Thevictimsfatherfollowedthe  defendantintoaPiccadillyrestaurantwhilehermotherwenttoinformsecurity. t   Attrial,CeciliaPiercetestifiedthatshewassittingonabenchapproximately25feetfrom L  wherethevictimandherfriendwereplayingintheFortHenryMall.Sherecalledthatthevictim, 8  whowasupsetandcrying,claimedthata manhadunzippedhispantsandwasnotwearing $ t underwear.WhenMs.Pierceaskedhertoidentifytheperpetrator,thevictimpointedtothe  ` defendant,whowaswearingabeigetshirt,bluejeans,andanavybluebaseballcapandcarrying  L  ablackleatherbinder.Ms.Pierceattemptedtofollowthedefendant,butlostsightofhimandthen  8  reportedtheincidenttosecurity.Sherecalledthatwhentheyleftthemallapproximatelytwohours $  later,shesawthedefendantenteringthemallnearPiccadilly.AsMs.Piercecontactedsecurity,her   husbandfollowedthedefendantintotherestaurant.     LisaJones,asecurityguardondutyinthemallatthetimeoftheoffenses,testifiedthatat   approximately5:00or5:30p.m.,thevictimsfatherreportedthatamanhadexposedhimselftothe p victim.Shebroadcastadescriptionofthemanoverherradiotootherofficersinthemallandthen \ escortedthevictimandhermothertothesecurityoffice. H   GeorgeRobinette,thesecuritysupervisoronduty,interviewedboththevictimandher  p motherandthencompletedanincidentreport.Attrial,hetestifiedthattheperpetratorwasdescribed  \ asacleanshavenmanwearingadarkbaseballcapandbeigepants.Aftercompletingthereport, H Robinetteandothersecurityofficerssearchedthemallfortheoffender.Atapproximately7:00p.m., 4 Ms.PiercereturnedtohisofficeandreportedthattheoffenderwasinthePiccadillyrestaurantinthe   mall.WhenRobinettequestionedthedefendant,headmittedthathehadbeeninthemallearlierfor   lunchwithhisgirlfriend,butdeniedhavingbeenthereat6:00p.m.AccordingtoRobinette,the  defendantclaimedthathehadhadanappointmentwithamannamedTony,whoselastnamehe  couldnotrecall.RobinettetestifiedthatToddMalone,aKingsportpoliceofficer,waspresent  duringthequestioningandhadadvisedthedefendantofhisMirandarights.Robinetteoverheard l thedefendant,whohadnotbeentoldthenatureofthecomplaint,saytoOfficerMalone, X   SomebodysaidIexposedmyselftosomeone.Thedefendantrefusedtoconsenttoasearchof D! hisvehicle.Ablackportfoliotypefolderonthefrontpassengerseatcouldbeseenfromtheexterior 0"  ofthecar. #l!   OfficerMalonerecalledthatthedefendantwasdressedinabeigeshirt,bluejeans,andablue $D # ballcap.Ablacknotebookliketheonethathadbeendescribedbythevictimcouldbeseenonthe %0!$ frontseatofthedefendantsvehicle.OfficerMalonedeterminedthatthedefendantwaswearing &"% underwearatthetimeofhisarrest. '#&   MikeHickman,anoffdutyKingsportpoliceofficerassistingwithmallsecurityatthetime )$( oftheoffense,hadjustreportedtoworkwhenhewasnotifiedthatthesuspecthadbeenobserved |*%) nearthePiccadillyentrance.OfficerHickmantestifiedthatheandRobinetteescortedthedefendant h+&* outsideofthemallforquestioning.Thedefendantwasdressedinabeigetshirt,bluejeans,anda  navyblueballcap.OfficerHickmanrecalledthatthedefendantdeniedhavingbeenatthemallat  thetimeoftheincident,butthatheadmittedhavingbeenthereatapproximately2:00p.m.todrop  offlunchforhisgirlfriend.Whenaskedwhattimehehadarrivedatthemallthesecondtime,the t defendantansweredthathewasjusttheretopickuphisgirlfriendandhadnotbeenontheupper ` level,wheretheincidenttookplace.OfficerHickmanobservedthatthedriverssidewindowofthe L  defendantsvehiclewasdownandablacknotebookwasonthefrontpassengersseat.Herecalled 8  thatthedefendantclaimedthathehadjustarrivedatthemallafterconcludingabusiness $ t appointmentwithamannamedTony.  `   LauraChurchwasdatingthedefendantandworkingasanophthalmictechnicianata  8  LensCraftersbranchintheFortHenryMallatthetimeoftheincident.Shestatedthatthedefendant $  metheratLensCraftersat2:00p.m.forlunchandtheyateonthebenchesoutsideofthemall   entrancenearPiccadilly.Ms.Churchtestifiedthataftera30minutelunch,thedefendantwalked   herbacktowork.Shedidnotseehimfortherestoftheday.AccordingtoMs.Church,the   defendantwaswearingakneebraceandwalkedwithalimp.Sheconfirmedthathewasdressedin   bluejeans,abeigeshirt,andanavybluebaseballcap. p   JanineRamseytestifiedthatatapproximately2:45p.m.onthedayoftheincident,sheand H herdatewereeatingatGarfields,arestaurantinthemall,whenthedefendantarrived.Sherecalled 4 herdateleftsome15minuteslaterandthatsheandthedefendantthenlefttherestaurantandwalked  p togetherinthemalluntilapproximately4:30p.m.Sherememberedthatthedefendantwaswearing  \ alegbraceatthetime. H   DianaLeetestifiedthatshemetthedefendantatGarfieldsbetween4:00and4:30p.m.and   thattheythendrovetoanearbyShoneysrestauranttodiscusstheirsalesbusiness.Ms.Leeclaimed   thatsheandthedefendant,whowaswearingakneebrace,talkeduntilapproximately6:25,when  shedrovehimtohiscarinthemallparkinglot.WhileMs.Leecouldnotremembertheclothingthe  defendantwaswearing,shedidrecallthathewascarryingablackdaytimer.    JohnBaker,whoknewthedefendantthroughkarateschool,testifiedthathesawthe X  defendantontwoseparateoccasionsonthedayoftheoffense.Hestatedthathefirstsawthe D! defendantatapproximately10:00a.m.whenhewenttoaBurgerKingrestaurantinBlountvilleand 0"  thensawhimat5:45or6:00p.m.ataShoneysrestaurantinKingsport.Bakertestifiedthatthe #l! defendantwasinitiallyalone,butthatthereweretwocupsathistableandawomanjoinedhimlater. $X" Bakerstatedthatwhenhelefttherestaurantatapproximately6:30p.m.,thedefendantwasstillthere. $D # Bakeracknowledgedthatthedefendantwasdressedinakhakishirtandbluejeansandthathewas %0!$ carryinghisblackdaytimer. &"% @*I (#'   Initially,thedefendantcontendsthattheevidencewasinsufficient.Onappeal,ofcourse,the |*%) stateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandallreasonableinferenceswhich h+&* mightbedrawntherefrom.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).Thecredibility  ofthewitnesses,theweighttobegiventheirtestimony,andthereconciliationofconflictsinthe  proofaremattersentrustedtothejuryasthetrieroffact.Byrgev.State,575S.W.2d292,295  (Tenn.Crim.App.1978).Whenthesufficiencyoftheevidenceischallenged,therelevantquestion t iswhether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletothestate,anyrationaltrierof ` factcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Tenn.R.App. L  P.13(e);Statev.Williams,657S.W.2d405,410(Tenn.1983).Questionsconcerningthecredibility 8  ofthewitnesses,theweightandvalueoftheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraisedbythe $ t evidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact.Liakasv.State,199Tenn.298,286S.W.2d856,859  ` (1956).Becauseaverdictofguiltagainstadefendantremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceand  L  raisesapresumptionofguilt,theconvictedcriminaldefendantbearstheburdenofshowingthatthe  8  evidencewaslegallyinsufficienttosustainaguiltyverdict.Statev.Evans,838S.W.2d185,191 $  (Tenn.1992).     Thestatutedefiningtheoffenseofindecentexposureprovidesinpertinentpartasfollows:   8   ` Apersoncommitstheoffenseofindecentexposurewho,inapublicplaceas p definedin39-11-106,orontheprivatepremisesofanother,orsoneartheretoas \ tobeseenfromsuchprivatepremises:H      ` (A)Intentionally: 4 8   ` (i)Exposessuchpersonsgenitalsorbuttockstoone(1)ormorepersons;or p   8   ` (ii)Engagesinsexualcontactorsexualpenetrationasdefinedin39-13-501;  \ andH   8   ` (B)Reasonablyexpectstheactswillbeviewedbyanotherandsuchacts:4   8   ` (i)Willoffendanordinaryviewingperson;or    8   ` (ii)Areforthepurposeofsexualarousalandgratificationofthedefendant.   ...   Tenn.CodeAnn.3913511(b)(1)(1998Supp.) Publicplacemeans  8  aplacetowhichthepublicoragroupofpersonshasaccessandincludes,butisnot X  limitedto,highways,transportationfacilities,schools,placesofamusement,parks, D! placesofbusiness,playgroundsandhallways,lobbiesandotherportionsof 0"  apartmenthousesandhotelsnotconstitutingroomsorapartmentsdesignedforactual #l! residence.Anactisdeemedtooccurinapublicplaceifitproducesitsoffensiveor $X" proscribedconsequencesinapublicplace.$D #     Inourview,theevidencewassufficienttosupporttheconviction.Thevictimtestifiedthat &"% thedefendantexposedhisgenitalstoherattheFortHenryMall,apublicplace.Therewasno '#& indicationthattheexposurewasaccidental.Becausethedefendantspantswerenotunzippeduntil (#' thevictimwasunderthevehicle,arationaltrieroffactcouldhaveinferredthattheconductwas )$(  intentional.Likewise,theevidencedemonstratesthatthedefendant,whoimmediatelyfledthescene, |*%) wasawareofthevictimspresenceandintendedforhertoobservehimexposinghisgenitals,  conductthatqualifiesasoffensiveandperhapsindicativeofsexualgratificationasamotivation.     Thedefendantarguesthatbecausetherewerediscrepanciesinhisdescriptionandbecause t heprovideda clearalibi,thejurysverdictisunsupported.Theproof,however,establishedthat ` thevictimhadagoodopportunitytoobservethedefendant.Otherwitnessesconfirmedthatthe L  defendantsappearancematchedthevictimsdescriptionoftheoffender.Althoughthedefendant 8  presentedalibitestimony,itdifferedfromhisinitialexplanationtotheinvestigatingsecurityand $ t policeofficers.Furthermore,issuesofidentityandcredibilityareclassicjuryquestions.Thejury  ` accreditedthetestimonyofthestate'switnesses,aswasitsprerogative.SeeStatev.Summerall,926  L  S.W.2d272,275(Tenn.Crim.App.1995).Inourview,theevidencewassufficientforarational  8  trieroffacttohavefoundbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedthecrimeof $  indecentexposure.   @)II     Next,thedefendantassertsthatthetrialcourterredbydeterminingthathispriorconviction p forattemptedaggravatedsexualbatterywouldbeadmissibleforimpeachmentpurposesifhe \ testifiedattrial.Thestatearguesthattheconvictionwouldhavebeenadmissibleoncross H examinationtoattackthedefendantscredibility. 4 WX!XXX!  Rule609oftheTennesseeRulesofEvidenceprovidesinrelevantpartasfollows:  \  8   ` Forthepurposeofattackingthecredibilityofawitness,evidencethatthe 4 witnesshasbeenconvictedofacrimemaybeadmittedifthefollowingprocedures   andconditionsaresatisfied:    @II***  8   ` (2)Thecrimemustbepunishableby% f #X!XXWX!H#%fJdeathorimprisonmentinexcessofone  yearunderthelawunderwhichthewitnesswasconvictedor,ifnotsopunishable,  thecrimemusthaveinvolveddishonestyorfalsestatement.l   8   ` (3)Ifthewitnesstobeimpeachedistheaccusedinacriminalprosecution, X  theStatemustgivetheaccusedreasonablewrittennoticeoftheimpeaching D! convictionbeforetrial,andthecourtuponrequestmustdeterminethatthe 0"  conviction'sprobativevalueoncredibilityoutweighsitsunfairprejudicialeffecton #l! thesubstantiveissues.Thecourtmayruleontheadmissibilityofsuchproofpriorto $X" thetrialbutinanyeventshallrulepriortothetestimonyoftheaccused.Ifthecourt $D # makesafinaldeterminationthatsuchproofisadmissibleforimpeachmentpurposes, %0!$ theaccusedneednotactuallytestifyatthetrialtolaterchallengetheproprietyofthe &"% determination.'#&   Tenn.R.Evid.609(a)(2)!(3). )$(   |*%)   Indeterminingwhethertheprobativevalueofapriorconvictionontheissueofcredibility   isoutweighedbyitsprejudicialeffectonthesubstantiveissues,atrialcourtshould firstanalyzethe  relevancetheimpeachingconvictionhastotheissueofcredibility.Statev.Mixon,983S.W.2d  661,674(Tenn.1999).Iftheconvictionisprobativeofthedefendantscredibility,thetrialcourt t mustthen assessthesimilaritybetweenthecrimeontrialandthecrimeunderlyingtheimpeaching ` conviction.Id.(quotingNeilP.Cohenetal.,TennesseeLawofEvidence609.9(3ded.1995)). L  Ourhighcourthasdescribedthebalancingprocessasfollows: 8  8  Whenanimpeachingconvictionissubstantiallysimilartothecrimeforwhichthe  ` defendantisbeingtried,thereisadangerthatjurorswillerroneouslyutilizethe  L  impeachingconvictionaspropensityevidenceofguiltandconcludethatsincethe  8  defendantcommittedasimilaroffense,heorsheisprobablyguiltyoftheoffense $  charged.Accordingly,theunfairprejudicialeffectofanimpeachingconvictionon   thesubstantiveissuesgreatlyincreasesiftheimpeachingconvictionissubstantially   similartothecrimeforwhichthedefendantisbeingtried.Therefore,trialcourts   shouldcarefullybalancetheprobativevalueoftheimpeachingconvictionon   credibilityWX!XXX!againstitsunfairlyprejudicialeffectonsubstantiveissues.p   Mixon,983S.W.2dat674(citationsomitted).Atrialcourt'srulingunderRule609willnotbe H reversedabsentanabuseofdiscretion.SeeJohnsonv.State,596S.W.2d97,104(Tenn.Crim.App. 4 1979).#X!XXWX!V#WX!XXX!  p   Here,thetrialcourtheldajuryouthearinganddeterminedthatbecausecredibilitywasakey H issueattrial,theprobativevalueofthedefendantsattemptedaggravatedsexualbatteryconviction 4 outweighedanyunfairprejudice.Thetrialcourtfailed,however,toassesstherelevanceofthe   defendantspriorconvictiontocredibility.Aggravatedsexualbatteryisdefined,generally,as   unlawfulsexualcontactaccomplishedbyaweaponoraccompaniedbyseriousbodilyinjurytothe  victim.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3913504(a)(1)!(2).Itisalsodefinedasunlawfulsexualcontact  wherethedefendantisaidedorabettedbyothersandforceorcoercionisusedorthevictimis  somehowincapacitatedorwherethevictimislessthanthirteenyearsofage.SeeTenn.CodeAnn. l 3913504(a)(3)!(4).Thecrimedoesnotinvolvedishonestyorfalsestatement.SeeStatev. X  StevenO.Ford,No.01C019403CC00089,slipop.at11(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,Sept. D! 14,1995). 0"    Inourview,evidenceofaconvictionforattemptedaggravatedsexualbatterywouldoffer $X" thejurylittleinsightintothedefendantscredibility.Moreover,anattemptedaggravatedsexual $D # batteryconvictionissufficientlysimilartothecrimeforwhichthedefendantwasontrialtogiverise %0!$ tounfairprejudice.Thestatecorrectlypointsoutthatthetwocrimesdonotshareanybehavioral &"% elements.Nevertheless,bothcrimesaresexoffensesandsharethecriticalelementofbeing '#& committedforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratification.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3913501(6) (#' (defining sexualcontactascontactthat canbereasonablyconstruedasbeingforthepurposeof )$( sexualarousalorgratification).Evidenceofthedefendantsattemptedaggravatedsexualbattery |*%) convictionwouldhavecreatedadangerofthejurysconcluding thatsincethedefendantcommitted h+&* asimilaroffense,he...isprobablyguiltyoftheoffensecharged.SeeMixon,983S.W.2dat674.  Becausetheconvictionforattemptedaggravatedsexualbatteryhadminimalprobativevalueasto  thedefendantscredibilitywhilepresentingasignificantdangerofunfairprejudice,thetrialcourt  shouldhavebarredadmissionoftheevidence. t   Anerrorintheconductofatrial,undercircumstancessuchasthese,warrantsreversalonly L  whenit affirmativelyormoreprobablythannotaffectedthejudgmenttothedefendantsprejudice. 8  Statev.Galmore,994S.W.2d120,125(Tenn.1999).#X!XXWX!rX#WX!XXX!Adefendantclaimingerrorneednotshow $ t thathedidnottestifybecauseoftheadverserulingonimpeachmentbythepriorconviction.Id.at  ` 123.Nordoesheneedtomakeanofferofproof.Id.at125.Theremust,however,besome  L  evidenceorargumentregardingthesubstanceofthedefendantscontemplatedtestimonyandthe  8  theoryofdefenseforwhichitwascritical.Statev.Taylor,993S.W.2d33,35(Tenn.1999). $    InStatev.Mixon,thedefendantwasconvictedofattemptedrape,attemptedincest,sexual   battery,publicintoxicationandevadingarrest.ThetrialcourtinterpretedRule609aspermitting   impeachmentofacriminaldefendantbyanyfelonyandallowedthestatetocrossexaminethe   defendantregardingapriorconvictionforaggravatedsexualbattery.983S.W.2dat674.Our p supremecourtheldthatevidenceoftheconvictionshouldhavebeenexcluded#X!XXWX!e#undertheRule609 \ balancingtestanddeterminedthattheerrorrequiredreversalofthedefendantsattemptedrape, H attemptedincest,andsexualbatteryconvictions: 4 8  Thistrialwasstrictlyacredibilitycontest.Theonlyproofthatacrimeoccurredwas  \ thetestimonyofA.M.Whileadmittingbeforethejurythathewasguiltyofpublic H intoxicationandevadingarrest,Mixontestifiedunequivocallythathehadnot 4 touchedA.M.normadeinappropriatecommentstoher.Thedefendantinsteadsaid   thathehadarguedwithA.M.aboutherinvolvementwithaneighteen-year-oldmale.   WhilethereistestimonyintherecordthatA.M.hadbeencryingandhysterical,this  testimonycertainlyisnotcontradictoryofMixon'saccountoftheincident.  Obviously,becauseofthenatureoftheallegedtouching,thereisnomedicalproof  intherecordtocorroborateA.M.'stestimony.Duringclosingargument,theState l repeatedlyemphasizedthepriorsexualbatteryconviction.Afteracknowledgingthat, X  "thiscasecomesdowntoaquestionofcredibility,"theStateremindedthejury:D!   8  8`   [y]ouknowabouthiscredibility.Youknowabouthispast.The #l! Courtwilltellyouaboutimpeachment.AndIsubmitthatthe $X" convictionofthisdefendantforthecrimesinMississippiofsexual $D # battery,shouldbeusedtoimpeachhistestimony--impeachhis %0!$ testimony.Heisnottobebelieved.Heisnottobebelieved.Soyou &"% havetodecidewhoyouwanttobelieve--himorher?'#&` x` x 8   ` Unlikeothersituationsinwhichtheimproperuseofanimpeaching )$( convictionhasbeenheldtoconstituteharmlesserror,theevidenceofguiltinthis |*%) caseisnotoverwhelmingandtheStateemphasizedtheconvictiontothejurorswhen h+&* urgingthemtofindthedefendantguilty.Underthesecircumstancesweconclude  thatthetrialcourterredbyallowingtheStatetousethesexualbatteryconvictionto  impeachthedefendant'stestimony,andtheerrorisprejudicialbecauseit  affirmativelyappearstohaveaffectedtheverdict....t   Id.at675. L    TherulinginMixon,asweinterpretit,requiresareversalofthisconviction.Thedefendant $ t assertsthathechosenottotestifyonlybecauseoftheadverserulingontheattemptedaggravated  ` sexualbatteryconviction.LikethetrialinMixon,thistrialwasprimarilyacredibilitycontest.  L  Therewasnophysicalevidenceofthecrime.Thedefensewasoneofmistakenidentityandalibi.  8  Duringherclosingargument,theprosecutorrepeatedlystressedthatthecasehingeduponthe $  truthfulnessofthevariouswitnesses:   8  Inaveryperfectworld,wewouldhavehadavideotapeofthis.Therewouldhave   beensomephysicalevidenceprovingthathewasthereratherthanjustsomepeoples   wordsagainstotherpeopleswords....Itisnotperfect,...andthatswhyweare p here.Andthatswhyyouarethereinthedifficultsituationthatyouaregoingtobe \ inofjudgingthecredibilityofthewitnessesbecausethisistheclassic onesidesaid H ithappened,onesidesaiditdidnt....4   Althoughthedefendantwasabletointroducealibievidencethroughotherwitnesses,thetestimony  \ ofthosewitnessescannotsubstituteforthedefendantsowninacasewherecredibilityisthesole H issue.Thedefendantwasentitledtotestifyandhavethejuryassesshiscredibilitywithout 4 knowledgeofhisprioroffense.     Accordingly,theconvictionisreversedandthecauseisremandedforanewtrial.     `     h     ___________________________________ X     `     h     GARYR.WADE,PRESIDINGJUDGE