ÿWPC­ „ÐQ‘ß!y.;UD#X¢¸:}Ø—Çt'ØÜîìþ-W™°Y.á·3wø«Áµ¨™¹3—wn*TúÚC¢kž•y[ÍÒõg^bÊGp1•±Uã~ëÑûýÃp§%¢.¦>®d¼.£‹[©ê7ñû%²º…ˈ~¯+õøª´Ûü¤ø–©‚U@dS#«ç Òßs`ò‰[Z÷±ªuAÇë:``^¸O¨/!`'°ðîí¨ùÉ¡ƒ„Ì1‘>„Q–âìLºe‡—€É….+èý“(P=†"á†R€dÀÓ?ŽXAÒ—?”÷‡Ì²HæPÉ€CÅ…ê)XÖ9³âD‚W$ÐgªFôç~/!ïE®¶Öæ3ž§€õ*׀䫷¾!´ÒÔÑ´Bä«ñhº&ƒ3Aå«7.N—ô–W8>ʳ<ïVÜFü'Èuƒ»Ç¢,3írvÈ/¦}þ²þÞNÃë‚¢u"PÜÄÈôÔè 5 ׳ÒÖÌ—/Hz½ñtþCõ;ó ÚeÄÖ÷Â6±à¿½“Pb"ˆX±ÿ e}aÚìÁ,ô0nú–aÇP§Iã%uˆ´ZkoÛÆì—|:•A Û™ñn±K1êñê;;fÕV;Áw/# ’U"N %ë 0`ñLQU>:w@×4+-: 0¤g 0D 'OU:v ° U:/ UBi U :« få ÌK nb……………… Bç 0D D3HHHH?{{{º AQÂÆ 0DÙ 0D D/a B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLLÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(8Û$¡¡Ñ°ÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular D ! "D#U$%•&D'Ó€3Œƒ*#3|x3 #Ñ#€PXÿÿd#Ñ(T(3pB$¤¤Ý ƒÛ!ÝѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒ+¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XcþXXXÔÔ€f XXcþÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XcþXf ÔÐ  ÐÌò òOctober€9,€1997Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôÜ©ôXXcþÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular uÝ ƒ pB$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡òY¸ òXXÔÔ‡òìØ ò òòY¸ÔFor€Class€A€felonies€committed€on€or€after€July€1,€1995,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€theÐ  Ðmidpoint€of€the€range.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(Supp.€1996).Ô#†òY¸ ò òòìØ~#Ô, øð AZ"Arial Regular<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ ÂÔ‡X™KXXXÔÔ‡ôvºôXX™KÔÝ ƒ pBÿÝÑ@°ÑÑ@ܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Ô#†ôY»ôôôvº#ÔÔ‡ôìÛôôôY»ÔBefore€jury€selection€began,€the€trial€court€noted€that€it€was€aware€that€defendant€had€aÐ  Ðpreliminary€matter€he€wished€to€raise.€€The€court€told€the€defendant€that€it€would€take€up€that€matter€afterÏthe€jury€was€selected€and€before€it€was€sworn.€€At€that€time,€the€defendant€made€several€motions€and€alsoÏtold€the€court€that€he€had€not€been€given€the€opportunity€to€change€out€of€his€prison€clothes.Ô#†ôY»ôôôìÛÝ#Ô dÔ‡X™KXXXÔÔ‡ôvºôXX™KÔÝ ƒ pBÿÝÑ@°ÑÑ@ܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€The€court€explained€that€the€defendantððs€trial€was€not€held€on€Monday,€February€21,€1994,Ð  Ðbecause€that€day€was€Presidentððs€Day,€a€state€holiday. XÔ‡X™KXXXÔÝ ƒ pBÿÝÑ@°ÑÑ@ܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Ô‡ôvºôXX™KÔWe€need€not€speculate€on€why€the€defendant€chose€to€waive€this€ground€for€relief.€€However,€weÐ  Ðdo€note€that€at€the€defendantððs€sentencing€hearing,€two€police€officers€who€transported€the€defendant€afterÏhis€trial€testified€that€the€defendant€told€them€that€he€fabricated€the€entire€story€about€Ms.€WoodwardÏapproaching€him€and€requesting€that€he€tie€her€and€Mr.€Blackley€together€because€he€felt€that€the€trialÏcourt€would€prevent€him€from€testifying€to€avoid€embarrassing€Ms.€Woodward€and€Mr.€Blackley.€€One€ofÏthe€officers€said€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€he€designed€the€story€so€that€this€court€would€grant€theÏdefendant€relief€on€appeal. d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý'ÿÿdxd 5Ô‡XcþXXXÔÔ‡ôÜ©ôXXcþÔÝ ƒ pBÿÝÑ@°ÑÑ@ܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Issues€(3)€and€(4)€were€not€originally€raised€in€the€defendantððs€brief,€but€his€present€attorney€hasÐ  Ðfiled€a€motion€to€supplement€the€brief€to€include€argument€on€these€issues.€€Although€we€will€address€theÏissues,€we€do€not€believe€further€briefing€is€necessary€for€our€resolution€of€them.Ô#†ôiýôôôÜ©#ÔÔ‡ôÜ©ôôôiýÔ*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒÛ!ÝѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýñ'ñ›ñ'ñÔ‡XcþXXXÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€;XdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññ3ññ'ñßr€) !<,(j 8` `€€@E  ` ttx$Xð Õrßñ'ññ3ññ3ññ3ññ'ñ›ñ'ñ€à8 ` àà@Ñ Ñ D` (#` (#àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðñ3ñœßt€) !>.*jx!þ›` `€€@EA‰` ttx$yîð o tß›ñ3ñà@DD/DàˆÌà@**#Dà€€€€€€AT€JACKSONà@@HH+Dà€€€€€€€€€ˆÌà ` àà ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà@LL&DàAPRIL€1996€SESSIONˆÌà ` àÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)à  àÐ   Ѐà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð ü  Ðà ` àAppellee,€à  àà h àà À à)à  àNo.€02C01„9401„CC„00016Ð êâ  Ðà ` à€€€€€à ¸ àà  à€€à h àà À à)Ð ÐÈ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àObion€œCountyÐ ¶®  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)›Ìv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àœ)€€€€€€€€€€Honorable€David€G.€Hayes,€Judge›€€€€€€€€€Ð ‚z  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à€Honorable€William€B.€Acree,€Judge€€€€€Ð h` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌFREDRICK€BURTON€ZONGE,€€à À à)à  à€(Especially€Aggravated€œKidnapping,€Especially›Ð 4, Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à€Aggravated€œBurglary,›€Aggravated€Assault€Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à€and€Theft€valued€at€over€$1,000)Ð ø Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€Ìà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À à)Ð ÌÄ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð ~v ÐÌJoseph€P.€Atnipà  àà h àà À àà  àCharles€W.€BursonÐ JB ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ 0 ( ÐP.O.€Box€734à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àandÐ ! ÐDresden,€TN€38225à h àà À àà  àCharlotte€H.€RappuhnÐ ü!ô Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€à ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€à h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€Ð â"Ú Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à450€James€Robertson€Parkwayà Ð àà (# àÐ È#À  ÐFredick€Burton€Zongeà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ð ®$¦! Ð(òòProóó€òòseóó€at€Trial)Ð ”%Œ" Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àThomas€A.€ThomasÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à414€S.€Fourth,€P.O.€Box€218Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àUnion€City,€TN€38261„0218ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌœÌESPECIALLY€AGGRAVATED€KIDNAPPING,€AGGRAVATED€ASSAULT€AND€THEFTÏCONVICTIONS€AFFIRMED;€Ô#†X;XXXcþ^#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;ÔESPECIALLY›€AGGRAVATED€œBURGLARY€CONVICTION›Ð 3,1 ÐREDUCED€TO€AGGRAVATED€œBURGLARYÌÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÐ >:639w ÐÑ€†ÑÑ€ <ÿÑ›à@õõ)Dàòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óˆÐ  ÐÓ*X°¸ ˜X°œX*ÓÌÌÓÓà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Fredrick€Burton€Zonge,€was€convicted€in€a€jury€trial€in€theÏCriminal€Court€of€Obion€County€œof›€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€a€Class€A€œfelony,Ïespecially€aggravated€burglary,€a€Class€B€felonyÔ#†X;XXXcþJ#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;Ô,›€aggravated€assault,€a€Class€C€felony,Ð X P Ðand€theft€of€property€valued€at€over€one€thousand€dollars,€a€Class€D€felony.€€He€wasÏsentenced€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€œto€thirty„five€years,›€fifteen€years,€œeight›€yearsÏand€five€years,€respectively,€to€be€served€concurrently€to€one€another€but€consecutivelyÏto€a€prior€unserved€sentence€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Correction.€€TheÏdefendant€was€also€œfined›€$25,000€for€the€especially€aggravated€œkidnapping,€$15,000€forÏthe€especially€aggravated€burglary,Ô#†X;XXXcþ£#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;Ô›€$5,000€œfor€the›€aggravated€assault,€and€$2,500€forÐ   Мthe€theft›€over€$1,000.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€raises€the€followingÏissues:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à(1)€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€convictionsÏœfor€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€andÔ#†X;XXXcþÿ#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;Ô›€especiallyÐ jb Ðaggravated€œburglary,›Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ¸ à(2)€that€his€convictions€for€especially€œaggravated›€kidnapping€œÏññññburglary€ññññand€especially€aggravatedÔ#†X;XXXcþ€#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;Ô€burglary€ññññ€ññññviolate›€due€process,Ð"ú¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ¸ à(3)€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€forcing€himÏto€wear€prison€garb€at€his€trial,€andÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ¸ à(4)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€preventing€him€from€testifying€asÏfully€as€he€desired,׃%×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†X;XXXcþ•#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;Ô€andÐf'^ $¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ¸ à(5)€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentence€of€thirty„¼five€years€for€his€conviction€for€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓBecause€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€sustain€the€defendantððsÏconviction€for€especially€aggravated€burglary,€we€modify€that€conviction€to€aggravatedÏburglary€and€impose€a€nine„year€sentence€and€$10,000€fine.€€We€affirm€the€actions€ofÏthe€trial€court€in€all€other€respects.ÌÔ#†X;XXXcþn#ÔÔ‡XcþXXX;ÔÐ ú3ò,2 Ðà ¸ àThe€evidence€in€this€case€involves€an€entry€into€Tim€Blackleyððs€and€BeckyÏWoodwardððs€residence,€the€detention€of€Becky€Woodward,€and€the€taking€of€severalÏitems€from€the€home.€Ô#†XVXXXcÐE#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔ€Lieutenant€Jerry€Vastbinder€of€the€Obion€County€SheriffððsÐ   ˜ ÐDepartment€testified€that€he€was€called€to€investigate€a€crime€scene€at€the€residence€Ïon€the€evening€of€July€6,€1993.€€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€arrived€at€the€scene€to€find€BobÏReavis,€Mr.€Blackley€and€Ms.€Woodward€in€a€neighboring€yard€with€guns€drawn€on€theÏdefendant€who€was€on€the€ground.€€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€testified€that€Ms.€WoodwardÏidentified€the€defendant€as€the€man€who€had€been€in€her€home€a€few€minutes€earlierÏwhen€she€arrived€home€from€work.€€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€recalled€that€there€was€bloodÏrunning€down€Ms.€Woodwardððs€neck€from€an€injury€to€her€head.€€Lieutenant€VastbinderÏtestified€that€he€arrested€the€defendant€and€that€the€defendant€did€not€make€anyÏstatement€at€that€time.€€He€recalled€that€Ms.€Woodward€traveled€by€private€car€to€theÏlocal€emergency€room€where€she€received€treatment€for€her€injuries.ÌÌà ¸ àLieutenant€Vastbinder€stated€that€he€investigated€the€scene€at€theÏBlackley€residence€and€recovered€a€bloody€.25€mm€pistol€and€a€bloody€.9€mmÏammunition€clip€from€the€residence.€€He€also€found€gun€supplies€on€the€floor€andÏremembered€that€Mr.€Blackleyððs€bedroom€was€in€total€disarray.€€He€reported€that€theÏdefendantððs€bicycle€was€found€abandoned€in€the€corner€of€the€Blackley€yard.€ÏLieutenant€Vastbinder€stated€that€Ms.€Woodward€told€him€that€the€bicycle€was€in€Mr.ÏBlackleyððs€bedroom€when€she€arrived€home.€€A€gym€bag€containing€a€cellular€phone,Ïcalculator,€pistol€box€and€other€items€taken€from€the€Blackley€residence€were€alsoÏfound€in€the€backyard.€€ÌÌà ¸ àLieutenant€Vastbinder€testified€that€he€interviewed€the€defendant€on€JulyÏ7th,€and€upon€waiving€his€òòMirandaóó€rights,€the€defendant€confessed€to€breaking€into€theÐ ô3ì,2 Ðresidence.€€The€defendant€told€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€that€he€went€to€the€residenceÏaround€3:00€p.m.€and€entered€through€an€unlocked€back€door.€€He€said€that€he€wantedÐ Œ7„06 Ðto€get€some€things€from€the€house€in€order€to€sell€them€for€cash.€€He€told€LieutenantÏVastbinder€that€he€drank€some€tequila€and€played€with€Mr.€Blackleyððs€police€scanner.€ÏHe€said€that€he€collected€jewelry,€nickels€and€dimes€and€eighty„three€dollars€in€cashÏfrom€the€bedrooms.€€He€recounted€to€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€that€Ms.€WoodwardÏsurprised€him€when€she€arrived€home.€€He€admitted€that€he€displayed€the€.25€mm€pistolÏto€her€and€told€her€to€be€quiet.€€He€recalled€ordering€Ms.€Woodward€to€answer€theÏphone€when€someone€called€about€a€recent€car€purchase.€€He€told€LieutenantÏVastbinder€that€Mr.€Blackley€arrived€home€but€could€not€enter€in€the€front€door€becauseÏthe€chain€was€locked.€€He€recalled€that€he€ran€to€the€door,€pointed€the€gun€at€Mr.ÏBlackley€and€told€him€to€go€away.€€When€he€returned€to€the€bedroom,€Ms.€WoodwardÏwas€loading€a€shotgun.€€He€stated€that€a€struggle€ensued€during€which€he€slapped€Ms.ÏWoodward€to€try€to€get€her€away€from€him.€€He€told€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€that€he€fledÏthe€residence€and€changed€from€Mr.€Blackleyððs€clothes€in€a€nearby€wooded€area.ÌÌà ¸ àLieutenant€Vastbinder€testified€that€all€of€the€stolen€property€wasÏrecovered.€€He€also€stated€that€the€defendant€admitted€to€the€theft€of€the€items.€€HeÏsaid€that€the€.25€mm€pistol€was€found€with€one€shell€in€its€chamber.€€On€cross„¼examination,€he€stated€that€Ms.€Woodward€told€him€that€she€tried€to€flee€but€wasÏscared€of€the€defendant.€€ÌÌà ¸ àBecky€Woodward€testified€that€she€arrived€home€on€July€6th€around€6:00Ïp.m.€and€entered€through€the€unlocked€back€door.€€She€said€that€she€saw€the€mess€inÏMr.€Blackleyððs€bedroom€and€walked€toward€the€room.€€She€said€that€the€defendantÏjumped€out€from€behind€the€door,€with€a€stocking€covering€his€face,€and€threatened€herÏwith€a€pistol.€€She€stated€that€the€defendant€ordered€her€to€answer€the€phone€and€heldÏthe€gun€to€her€chin€as€she€spoke.€€She€recalled€that€the€defendant€was€wearing€Mr.ÏBlackleyððs€clothes€but€had€on€his€own€shoes.€€She€also€recalled€that€the€defendantÏsmelled€very€bad€and€had€alcohol€on€his€breath.Ð Œ7„06 Їà ¸ àMs.€Woodward€stated€that€when€Mr.€Blackley€arrived€home€and€attemptedÏto€enter€through€the€chained€front€door,€she€screamed€for€help€and€warned€him€that€theÏdefendant€had€a€gun.€€She€said€that€she€was€afraid€to€run€behind€the€defendant€as€heÏwent€to€the€front€door€and,€instead,€went€to€a€bedroom€to€load€the€shotgun.€€She€saidÏthat€the€defendant€found€her€loading€the€shotgun€and€a€struggle€resulted€during€whichÏshe€was€struck€twice€on€the€head€with€the€pistol.€€She€said€that€she€finally€fell€to€theÏfloor€and€acted€as€if€she€was€unconscious.€€While€on€the€floor,€she€heard€the€defendantÏgather€items€from€the€room€and€leave€through€the€back€door.€€€€€ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Woodward€described€her€injuries€as€bruises€to€her€shoulder€and€backÏand€a€knot€on€her€head.€€She€also€said€that€she€received€a€total€of€four€stitches€on€herÏhead€in€two€different€places.€€She€testified€that€getting€the€stitches€was€very€painful.€€OnÏcross„examination,€she€stated€that€she€did€not€try€to€run€from€the€house€because€sheÏfelt€that€the€defendant€would€shoot€her.€€She€also€admitted€that€she€had€sufferedÏneither€broken€bones€nor€a€concussion€and€that€she€had€not€experienced€any€problemsÏassociated€with€the€injuries€after€the€removal€of€the€stitches.€€ÌÌà ¸ àTim€Blackley€testified€that€he€arrived€home€a€little€after€6:00€p.m.€on€JulyÏ6th.€€He€recalled€that€when€he€attempted€to€enter€through€the€front€door,€he€realizedÏthat€the€chain€was€locked.€€He€stated€that€he€heard€Ms.€Woodward€screaming€and€thatÏthe€defendant€came€to€the€door€and€pointed€a€pistol€at€him.€€He€ran€to€his€car€andÏcalled€for€help€on€his€emergency€scanner.€€He€said€that€several€people€in€a€nearbyÏballpark€told€him€that€the€defendant€left€the€house€and€that€he€and€a€friend,€Bill€Reavis,Ïattempted€to€apprehend€the€defendant.€€After€ensuring€that€Ms.€Woodward€was€safelyÏout€of€the€house,€Mr.€Blackley€caught€the€defendant€running€through€a€nearby€field€andÏheld€him€until€Mr.€Reavis€arrived.€€Mr.€Blackley€identified€the€items€stolen€from€his€homeÏand€estimated€their€total€value€to€be€about€two€thousand€dollars.€€On€cross„¼examination,€Mr.€Blackley€admitted€that€the€defendant€had€made€no€threateningÐ Œ7„06 Ðovertures€toward€him€when€he€approached€the€defendant€in€the€field,€but€he€added€thatÏthe€defendant€had€to€be€forced€to€the€ground€until€Lieutenant€Vastbinder€arrived€andÏarrested€him.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€has€been€previously€convicted€of€robbery,Ïburglary€and€escape.€€He€stated€that€he€worked€at€Mr.€Blackleyððs€car€dealership€as€aÏcar€washer€but€was€fired€for€not€showing€up€for€work.€€He€explained€that€he€failed€toÏshow€up€because€Ms.€Woodward€was€sexually€harassing€him.ÌÌà ¸ àà@((/Dàò òIó óˆÐ 4, Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisÏconvictions€œfor€especially›€aggravated€œkidnapping€and›€œespecially€aggravated€burglary.Ô#†XVXXXcÐ^#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVԀРØÐ ÐOur›€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questioned€on€appeal€isÏ"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóóÐ ph Ðrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789Ð " Ð(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€the€evidence,€but€must€presume€that€theÏjury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferences€fromÏthe€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.Ð l'd $ Ð1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€€Ð 8)0"& МÌà@ÿÿ/Dàò òAó óˆÐ Ð,È%* ÐÔ#†XVXXXcÐ7#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔà ¸ àWith€respect€to€his€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction,€theÐ ¨. ', Ðdefendant€contends€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€he€removed€òòandóó€confined€theÐ t0l). Ðvictim,€as€charged€in€the€indictment.€€In€relevant€part,€the€indictment€charged€that€theÏdefendant€ð ðdid€unlawfully,€feloniously€and€knowingly€remove€and€confine€BeckyÏWoodward€so€as€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€victimððs€liberty€by€means€of€a€deadlyÏweapon€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„305(a)(1),€a€class€A€felony€.€.€..ððÔ#†XVXXXcЦ:#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔÐ ¤7œ06 Їà ¸ àThe€definition€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€includes€falseÏimprisonment€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„305(a)(1).€€ð ðA€personÏcommits€the€offense€of€false€imprisonment€who€knowingly€removes€or€confines€anotherÏunlawfully€so€as€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€otherððs€liberty.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13Ì„302(a).€€The€defendant€concedes€that€a€conviction€for€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€does€not€require€proof€of€both€removal€and€confinement,€but€he€argues€thatÏthe€wording€of€the€indictment€in€this€case€required€the€state€to€prove€both.€€WeÏdisagree.ÌÌà ¸ àAlternate€means€of€committing€an€offense€may€be€alleged€in€the€sameÏcount€of€an€indictment.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„13„206(a).€€€Historically,€when€two€means€ofÏcommitting€an€offense€were€charged€in€the€conjunctive€in€a€single€count€of€anÏindictment€as€part€of€the€same€transaction,€proof€of€either€sufficed€to€support€aÏconviction.€€òòHalquist€v.€Stateóó,€489€S.W.2d€88,€92„93€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972);€òòCornell€v.Ð d\ ÐStateóó,€66€Tenn.€520,€521€(1874);€òòState€v.€Aileyóó,€50€Tenn.€(3€Heisk.)€8,€9€(1870);€òòseeóóÐ 0 ( Ðòòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Billy€Lee€Perryóó,€No.€01C01„9211„CR„00346,€Sumner€County,€slip€op.€at€5„Ð ü!ô Ð6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Nov.€18,€1993)€(Proof€of€confinement€was€sufficient€to€supportÏaggravated€kidnapping€conviction€based€on€an€indictment€that€alleged€removal€andÏconfinement.).ÌÔ#†XVXXXcÐ=#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔ›œñ"ññ ñ****ñ ññ"ññ#ñÌñ#ññ$ñà ¸ àIn€this€case,€the€indictment€sufficiently€informed€the€defendant€that€he€wasÏcharged€with€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€which€only€requires€proof€that€heÏknowingly€used€a€weapon€to€confine€or€remove€the€victim.€€The€proof€at€trial€establishedÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€used€a€gun€to€confine€Ms.€Woodward.€ÏThus,€we€hold€that€sufficient€evidence€supports€his€especially€aggravated€kidnappingÏconviction.Ô#†XVXXXcÐC#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔñ$ñ›Ð ô3ì,2 Мñ%ñÌñ%ñ›œñ%ñÐ  Œ7„06 Ðñ%ñ›à@üü/Dàœò òBó ó›ˆÐ  Ðà ¸ àœAs€for›€his€especially€aggravated€burglary€conviction,€the€defendantÏcontends€that€there€is€insufficient€proof€that€Ms.€Woodward€suffered€serious€bodilyÏinjury,€an€essential€element€of€especially€aggravated€burglary€as€it€was€charged€in€theÏindictmentÔ#†XVXXXcÐ:E#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔ.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„14„404.Ô#†XVXXXcÐþF#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔ€€Under€T.C.A.€ðð€39„14„404(a),€especiallyÐ D< Ðaggravated€burglary€is€a€burglary€of€a€habitation€or€building€that€results€in€serious€bodilyÏinjury.€€"Serious€bodily€injury"€is€defined€as€bodily€injury€involving:Ìà ¸ à(A)€€€A€substantial€risk€of€death;Ìà ¸ à(B)€€€Protracted€unconsciousness;Ìà ¸ à(C)€€€Extreme€physical€pain;Ìà ¸ à(D)€€€Protracted€or€obvious€disfigurement;€orÌÓÓà ¸ à(E)€€€Protracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€Ìà ¸ à€€€€€€€€of€a€function€of€a€bodily€member,€organ€ÌÓÓà ¸ à€€€€€€€€or€mental€faculty.ÌT.C.A.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(33).€€The€state€contends€that€it€met€its€burden€of€proving€seriousÏbodily€injury€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€because€the€proof€at€trial€established€that€Ms.ÏWoodward€suffered€extreme€physical€pain.ÌÌà ¸ àThis€court€addressed€a€similar€argument€in€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€909€S.W.2d€46Ð  %˜" Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€victim€in€òòSimsóó€received€a€broken€nose,€a€bruisedÐ l'd $ Ðcheekbone,€black€and€blue€eyes,€and€a€laceration€across€the€bridge€of€her€nose.€ÏApplying€the€òòejusdemóó€òògenerisóó€canon€of€statutory€construction,€this€court€explained€thatÐ +ü#( Ðthe€extreme€physical€pain€definition€of€serious€bodily€injury€must€be€read€as€applying€toÏthe€same€class€of€injuries€as€those€causing€a€substantial€risk€of€death,€protractedÏunconsciousness,€protracted€or€permanent€disfigurement€or€the€loss€œor›€impairment€ofÏthe€use€of€a€bodily€member,€organ€or€mental€faculty.€€òòSimsóó,€909€S.W.2d€at€49.€Ð 42,+0 ÐBecause€the€proof€in€òòSimsóó€Ô#†XVXXXcÐcG#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔdid€not€establish€the€type€of€extreme€physical€painÐ 4ø,2 Ðâ ânecessary€to€support€a€finding€of€serious€bodily€injury,€this€court€modified€theÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ðц ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ñdefendantððs€conviction€from€especially€aggravated€robbery€to€aggravated€robbery.€€òòIdóó.Ð  Ðñ%ñц ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ%ñat€50.€€Ìâ âñ%ñц ÑÑ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\ÑÑ  Ññ%ñÌà ¸ àIn€this€case,€Ms.€Woodward€suffered€bruises€to€her€shoulder€and€back,€aÏknot€on€her€head,€and€four€stitches.€€Ô#†XVXXXcÐN#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔAlthough€Ms.€Woodward€testified€that€receiving€theÐ 80 Ðfour€stitches€was€very€painful,€the€pain€associated€with€her€injuries€is€not€of€the€sameÏdegree€as€that€associated€with€the€other€classifications€of€serious€bodily€injury.€€ÏAccordingly,€the€defendantððs€conviction€for€especially€aggravated€burglary€must€beÏmodified€to€aggravated€burglary.Ìñ%ñц ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ%ñÌà ¸ àAlso,€we€need€not€remand€this€case€for€the€imposition€of€a€sentence€forÏthe€aggravated€burglary€conviction€because€the€record€before€us€is€sufficient€for€us€toÏimpose€an€appropriate€sentence.€€When€imposing€a€sentence,€we€must€consider€(1)€theÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)Ïthe€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancementÏfactors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€theÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210;€òòseeóóÐ ”%Œ" ÐòòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€236„38€(Tenn.€1986).€Ð `'X $ ÐÌÔ#†XVXXXcÐ~S#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔà ¸ àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors€to€exist€relative€toÐ ø*ð#( Ðthe€burglary:€his€history€of€criminal€behavior,€his€possession€of€a€gun€during€the€offense,Ïhis€commission€of€an€offense€involving€a€high€risk€to€human€life,€and€his€parole€status€atÏthe€time€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(9),€(10)€and€(13)(B).€€The€trialÐ \0T). Ðcourt€found€no€applicable€mitigating€factors.€€The€record€supports€the€trial€courtððsÏfindings€and€we€rely€upon€them€in€our€consideration€of€an€appropriate€sentence€for€theÏdefendant€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender.€€ÌÔ#†XVXXXcÐäY#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ¸ àBeginning€with€the€presumptive€minimum€sentence€of€six€years,€òòseeóóÐ  ÐT.C.A.€ðð€œ40„35„112(b)(3),›€œ„210(c),›€and€applying€the€applicable€enhancement€factors,Ïparticularly€the€defendantððs€history€of€criminal€behavior€and€possession€of€a€firearm,€weÏconclude€that€the€record€supports€a€nine„year€sentence€for€the€aggravated€burglaryÏconviction,€to€be€served€concurrently€with€the€remaining€sentences€in€this€case.€€Also,€aÏfine€of€œ$10,000›€is€imposed.ÌœÔ#†XVXXXcЛ\#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔñ&ñÌñ&ñÔ#†XVXXXcÐÞ^#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔñ&ñ›Ìñ&ñ›œñ!ñà ¸ àIn€this€case,€the€indictment€sufficiently€informed€the€defendant€that€he€wasÏcharged€with€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€which€only€requires€proof€that€heÏknowingly€used€a€weapon€to€confine€or€remove€the€victim.€€The€proof€at€trial€establishedÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€used€a€gun€to€confine€Ms.€Woodward.€ÏThus,€we€hold€that€sufficient€evidence€supports€his€especially€aggravated€kidnappingÏconviction.ñ!ññ&ñ›Ìñ&ñ›ÌÔ#†XVXXXcÐ+_#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔà ¸ àÔ#†XVXXXcÐHa#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔà  àÔ#†XVXXXcЖa#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔà@  .Dàò òIIó óˆÐ œ”  Ðà ¸ àNext,€the€defendant€relies€on€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.Ð tl Ð1991),€to€contend€that€his€convictions€for€œboth›€especially€aggravated€œkidnapping€andÏespecially€aggravated€burglaryÔ#†XVXXXcÐäa#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔ›€violate€due€process.€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€our€supreme€court€heldÐ   Мthat›€due€process€prohibits€separate€convictions€for€kidnapping€and€another€felonyÏgrowing€out€of€a€single€episode€when€the€kidnapping€is€necessarily€incidental€to€theÏother€felony.€€The€defendant€argues€that€his€confinement€of€Ms.€Woodward€wasÏessentially€incidental€to€his€commission€of€the€especially€aggravated€burglary.€€WeÏdisagree.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€supreme€court€reached€its€decision€in€òòAnthonyóó€by€recognizing€thatÐ  %˜" Ðalthough€every€robbery€involves€some€detention€of€the€victim,€the€legislature€did€notÏintend€for€every€robbery€to€constitute€a€kidnapping.€€817€S.W.2d€at€306.€€The€courtÏconcluded€that€the€kidnapping€statute€is€to€be€applied€so€as€to€protect€the€due€processÏrights€of€those€accused€of€both€kidnapping€and€other€offenses€that€necessarily€involveÏœthe€detention›€of€a€victim.ÌÌà ¸ à€Unlike€the€kidnapping/robbery€analysis€in€òòAnthonyóó,€the€kidnapping€€Ð 42,+0 Ðoffense€in€this€case€was€not€essentially€incidental€to€the€burglary€offense.€€That€is,€Ïproof€of€the€aggravated€burglary€œdid›€not€necessarily€œprove€unlawful›€confinement€of€aÏœvictim.›€€Ô#†XVXXXcÐ8c#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔThus,€the€òòAnthonyóó€rationale€does€not€apply.€€òòSeeóóÔ#†XVXXXcÐ.h#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXVÔ€òòState€v.€Olleróó,€851€S.W.2dÐ ˜706 Ð841,€842„43€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)€(òòAnthonyóó€inapplicable€when€proving€elements€ofÐ  Ðone€offense€does€not€necessarily€or€inherently€prove€elements€of€another€offense).€€Ô#†XVXXXcЬh#ÔÔ€XcÐXXXVÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔÐ ÔÌ ÐÌà@ðð.Dàò òIIIó óˆÐ l d Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€violated€his€due€processÏrights€by€compelling€him€to€wear€prison€garb€during€his€trial.€€After€making€several€otherÏpreliminary€motions,€including€a€vigorous€motion€for€a€continuance,€the€defendantÏinformed€the€court€that€he€had€not€been€given€the€opportunity€to€change€out€of€hisÏprison€clothes.Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐj#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€defendant€explained€that€his€trial€was€originally€scheduled€to€beÐ tl Ðheld€four€days€earlier€and€said€that€he€had€made€arrangements€for€his€brother€to€meetÏhim€with€his€clothes€on€that€date.€€The€defendant€complained€that€he€was€not€notifiedÏthat€his€case€had€been€continued.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€have€any€other€clothes€at€theÏprison€because€the€prison€only€allows€inmates€to€keep€articles€for€thirty€days.€€He€saidÏthat€his€brother€would€have€had€to€travel€around€250€miles€to€deliver€him€clothes€andÏexplained€that€his€brother€could€not€visit€him€at€prison€because€he€was€not€on€theÏvisitation€list.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€put€any€family€members€on€his€visitation€listÏbecause€he€did€not€want€them€to€see€him€there.Ì€€Ìà ¸ àThe€trial€court€recognized€that€the€defendant€was€in€prison€garb€and€thatÏhis€trial€had€originally€been€scheduled€to€begin€four€days€earlier.€€The€court€explainedÏthat€the€defendantððs€trial€was€originally€scheduled€for€Friday,€February€18,€1994,€butÏthat€the€defendantððs€trial€was€delayed€because€another€case€on€the€docket€took€longerÏthan€expected.Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐòk#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€€Pursuant€to€its€policy,€the€court€rotated€the€defendantððs€case€forward€toÐ œ.”', Ðthe€next€available€day,€Tuesday,€February€22.׃”×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€court€said€that€there€was€no€way€toÐ h0`). Ðnotify€the€defendant€of€his€new€court€date€and€that€it€had€assumed€that€if€the€defendantÐ 42,+0 Ðwas€prepared€to€go€to€trial€on€the€original€trial€date€that€he€would€also€be€prepared€fourÏdays€later.ÌÌà ¸ àIn€òòEstelle€v.€Williamsóó,€425€U.S.€501,€512,€96€S.€Ct.€1691,€1697€(1976),€theÐ l d ÐSupreme€Court€recognized€that€it€is€a€violation€of€due€process€for€a€state€to€compel€aÏdefendant€to€stand€trial€before€a€jury€in€prison€clothes.€€The€Court€reasoned€that€prisonÏclothing€worn€at€trial€is€a€constant€reminder€of€the€defendantððs€condition€and€presentsÏan€unacceptable€risk€of€influencing€a€jurorððs€judgment.€€òòIdóó.€425€U.S.€at€504„05,€96€S.€Ct.Ð œ”  Ðat€1693.€€The€Court€explained€that€no€state€interest€was€served€by€forcing€a€defendantÏto€stand€trial€in€prison€garb€and€that€there€was€no€justification€for€such€a€practice.€€òòIdóó.€€Ð 4, ÐÌà ¸ àHowever,€the€Court€also€recognized€that€a€defendant€may€for€tacticalÏpurposes€choose€to€be€tried€wearing€prison€clothes.€€Accordingly,€the€Court€held€thatÏð ðalthough€the€State€cannot,€consistently€with€the€Fourteenth€Amendment,€compel€anÏaccused€to€stand€trial€before€a€jury€while€dressed€in€.€.€.€prison€clothes,€the€failure€toÏmake€an€objection€.€.€.€to€being€tried€in€such€clothes,€for€whatever€reason,€is€sufficient€toÏnegate€the€presence€of€compulsion€necessary€to€establish€a€constitutional€violation.ðð€ÏòòIdóó.€at€œ512„13,€96€S.€Ct.€at€1697.›€€The€Court€concluded€that€the€defendant€in€òòEstelleóó€wasÐ ”%Œ" Ðnot€compelled€to€wear€prison€garb€because€he€did€not€raise€the€issue€in€the€trial€court.ÌÔ#†XcÐXXXcÐäp#ÔÔ‡X™KXXXcÐÔÌÔ#†XcÐXXX™KÅx#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔà ¸ àÔ#†XcÐXXXcÐy#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔAs€òòEstelleóó€indicates,€the€focus€of€our€inquiry€is€on€whether€the€stateÐ  +$( Ðcompelled€the€defendant€to€wear€prison€garb.€€Unlike€the€defendant€in€òòEstelleóó,€theÐ Ø,Ð%* Ðdefendant€in€this€case€objected€to€being€tried€in€prison€clothing.€€In€most€instances,€aÏtrial€court€must€honor€a€defendantððs€request€to€be€tried€in€civilian€clothing.€€òòIdóó.;€òòFelts€v.Ð p0h). ÐEstelleóó,€875€F.2d€785,€786„87€(9th€Cir.€1989);€òòLouisiana€v.€Andersonóó,€603€So.2d€776,Ð <24+0 Ð778„79€(La.€Ct.€App.€1992);€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€532€S.W.2d€934,€935€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð 4-2 Ð1975).€€However,€a€trial€courtððs€failure€to€honor€a€defendantððs€request€not€to€be€tried€inÏprison€garb€does€not€amount€to€state€compulsion€when€the€defendant€has€had€aÐ  7˜06 Ðreasonable€opportunity€to€appear€in€other€clothes€but€fails€to€do€so.€€òòÔ#†XcÐXXXcÐVy#ÔÔ‡X™KXXXcÐÔSeeóó€òòTarpley€v.Ð  ÐDuggeróó,€841€F.2d€359,€361€(11th€Cir.€1988);€òòPartee€v.€Illinoisóó,€511€N.E.2d€1165,€1180Ð ìä Ð(Ill.€App.€Ct.€1987).€Ô#†XcÐXXX™K)}#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€€Ð Ì Ä ÐÔ#†XcÐXXXcÐ~#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔÌà ¸ àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€had€the€defendant€been€diligent,Ïhe€could€have€secured€other€clothes.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€assessment.€€TheÏdefendant€insisted€on€representing€himself€even€though€the€trial€court€warned€himÏabout€the€perils€involved€in€self„representation.€€The€defendant€arrived€at€trialÏunprepared€to€defend€against€the€charges€against€him.€€He€requested€a€continuanceÏand€complained€that€he€had€not€had€enough€time€to€prepare€his€defense.€€It€was€onlyÏafter€the€trial€court€denied€his€request€for€a€continuance€that€the€defendant€objected€toÏbeing€tried€in€prison€garb.€€In€our€view,€the€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐv~#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔdefendantððs€appearance€at€trial€in€prisonÐ  Ðgarb€is€directly€attributable€to€his€lack€of€preparation.€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐ?#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔÐ ÜÔ ÐÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€claimed€that€he€was€in€prison€garb€at€trial€because€he€wasÏnot€notified€of€the€change€in€his€court€date.€€However,€he€admitted€that€he€knew€that€hisÏtrial€was€scheduled€to€begin€on€February€18,€and€his€trial€took€place€on€the€nextÏavailable€court€date,€four€days€later.€€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐü#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔHaving€chosen€to€represent€himself,€the€defendantÐ Ø%Ð" Ðcannot€benefit€from€his€ignorance€of€court€procedure.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòCole€v.€Stateóó,€798Ð ¤'œ $ ÐS.W.2d€261,€263„64€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€The€defendant€could€have€madeÏarrangements€to€have€clothes€left€at€the€prison€or€with€the€sheriffððs€department,€but€heÏfailed€to€do€so.€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐ}ƒ#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€Under€these€circumstances,€we€cannot€say€that€the€defendant€wasÐ -&* Ðcompelled€to€be€tried€in€prison€œgarb€in€violation€of€due€process€of€law.Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐ8…#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐԛРÔ.Ì', ÐÌÔ#†XcÐXXXcІ#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔà@åå.Dàò òIVó óˆÐ l2d+0 Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€limiting€hisÏtestimony.€€During€his€direct€examination,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€failed€to€showÏup€for€work€because€Ms.€Woodward€was€sexually€harassing€him.€€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐq†#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔUpon€objection€byÐ Ü7Ô06 Ðthe€state€to€this€testimony,€an€offer€of€proof€was€made€during€which€the€defendantÏtestified€that€Ms.€Woodward€had€sexually€harassed€him.€€He€also€stated€that€Ms.ÏWoodward€had€arranged€for€him€to€stage€a€burglary€and€to€tie€her€and€Mr.€BlackleyÏtogether€to€their€bed.€€He€contended€that€the€events€of€July€6th€were€only€a€staged€actÏrequested€by€Ms.€Woodward€for€her€own€excitement.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€trial€court€concluded€that€the€defendantððs€offer€of€proof€was€ð ðwithoutÏone€scintilla€of€foundationðð€and€ruled€the€statements€relating€to€the€sexual€harassmentÏand€staged€act€to€be€inadmissible.€€Although€we€agree€with€the€defendant€that€the€trialÏcourt€improperly€limited€his€defense,€under€the€circumstances€of€this€case€theÏdefendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€because€he€personally€waived€the€issue€during€theÏhearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€Ground€two€of€the€defendantððs€motion€for€a€newÏtrial€alleged€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€limiting€his€testimony.€€However,€when€the€trialÏcourt€sought€to€hear€argument€on€this€ground€at€the€hearing€on€the€motion€theÏdefendant€voluntarily€withdrew€the€ground,€stating€that€it€œwas›€œð ðnot›€proper.ðð€€Thus,€theÏissue€is€waived.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ô#†XcÐXXXcз#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€òòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€œ3(e).Ð ü!ô ЛÌÔ#†XcÐXXXcÐ9#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔà@/Dàò òVó óˆÐ ”%Œ" Ðà ¸ àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€thirty„five„year€sentence€heÏreceived€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€is€excessive.€€Ô#†XcÐXXXcЬ#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔThe€trial€court€sentencedÐ 8)0"& Ðthe€defendant€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€and€applied€the€following€enhancementÏfactors:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessaryÏto€establish€the€appropriate€range;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ¸ àÐN1F*/¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ¸ à(10)€The€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crimeÏwhen€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ¸ à(12)€During€the€commission€of€the€felony,€the€defendantÏwillfully€inflicted€bodily€injury€upon€another€person,€or€theÏactions€of€the€defendant€resulted€in€the€death€of€or€seriousÏbodily€injury€to€a€victim€or€a€person€other€than€the€intendedÏvictim;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ¸ à(13)(B)€The€felony€was€committed€while€the€defendant€was€onÏparole€from€another€felony€conviction.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓœòòSeeóó€T.C.A.›€ðð€40„35„114.€€The€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applyingÐ ÐÈ  Ðfactors€(10)€and€(12).Ô#†XcÐXXXcЬŽ#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€€He€does€not€contest€his€classification€as€a€Range€II€offender€orÐ œ”  Ðthe€enhancement€of€his€sentence€based€upon€his€history€of€criminal€behavior€or€hisÏparole€status€at€the€time€he€committed€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€andÐ 4, Ð(13).Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐQ“#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔÐ ø ÐÌ€€€€€Ô#†XcÐXXXcв”#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔà ¸ àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÐ ˜ Ðpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„401(d)Ïand€„402(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€theÏburden€is€now€on€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€ThisÏmeans€that€if€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findingsÏof€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€andÏproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€theÏ1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€wereÏpreferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€Ð ø*ð#( ÐÌà ¸ àHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourt's€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÐ ô3ì,2 Ðmeaningful€appellate€review,ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€for€arrivingÏat€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€the€mitigating€andÐ r8j17 Ðenhancement€factors€found,€state€the€specific€facts€supportingÏeach€enhancement€factor€found,€and€articulate€how€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€have€been€evaluated€andÏbalanced€in€determining€the€sentence.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(f)Ï(1990).€€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòÓÓÓ  ÓState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1994).Ð l d ÐÌà ¸ àAlso,€in€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,Ð ü  Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancementÏfactors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€theÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210€(1990);Ïòòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€236„38.€Ð ÌÄ ÐÌà ¸ àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€theÏminimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„¼210(c)€(1990).Ô#†XcÐXXXcЕ#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†XcÐXXXcП#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€œthe›€rangeÐ ü!ô Ðbased€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,€reduce€the€sentence€asÏappropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€and€(e)€(1990).€€TheÏweight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€court's€discretion€so€long€as€itÏcomplies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findingsÏare€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€(1990),€SentencingÏCommission€Comments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐ$ #ÔÐ Ä,¼%* ÐÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€enhancement€of€his€sentenceÏbased€upon€factor€(10),€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€a€high€risk€to€humanÏœlife,›€by€arguing€that€the€factor€is€inherent€in€the€offense.Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐì¢#Ô€€The€trial€court€made€theÐ ô3ì,2 Ðfollowing€comments€regarding€the€applicability€of€factor€(10):Ð À5¸.4 ÐÑ <ÿÑÑ7€bWXXdÈXdì7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓÓà8 ¸ àThe€enhancing€factor€number€ten€the€court€finds€would€applyÐ  Ð.€.€.€to€all€offenses€.€.€..€€This€involves€the€invasion€of€a€home,Ïbut€particularly€by€use€of€a€weapon;€and€when€one€isÏcommitting€offenses€of€this€nature,€obviously,€the€risk€to€humanÏlife€is€high.€€This€applies€to€all€offenses.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓ  ÓÓÓÌThe€defendant€contends€that€Ô‡XcÐXXXcÐÔthe€trial€court€should€not€have€considered€his€use€of€aÐ R J Ðdeadly€weapon€to€conclude€that€he€created€a€high€risk€to€human€life€because€use€of€aÏdeadly€weapon€was€an€essential€element€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€as€it€wasÏcharged€in€the€indictment.€€We€œagree€relative€to€the€kidnapping€victim.›€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ¶®  ÐKernóó,€909€S.W.2d€5,€7„8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(factor€(10)€inapplicable€to€enhanceÐ ‚z  Ðsentence€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€accomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon).ÌÌà ¸ àHowever,€given€the€other€circumstances€of€the€offense,€we€believe€thatÏfactor€(10)€does€apply.Ô#†XcÐXXXcЦ#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€€The€facts€that€establish€that€the€defendant€created€a€high€risk€toÐ ²ª Ðhuman€life€also€demonstrate€a€greater€culpability€than€that€incident€to€the€offense€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€òòSeeóó€òòJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€at€603.€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐt©#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔ€In€addition€to€usingÐ JB Ða€gun€to€confine€Ms.€Woodward,€the€defendant€created€a€high€risk€to€human€life€whenÏhe€waived€the€gun€at€Tim€Blackley.€€Even€though€inherent€in€the€offense,€factor€(10)€isÏapplicable€œwhen›€there€is€a€risk€of€harm€to€a€person€other€than€the€victim.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ®$¦! ÐSimsóó,€909€S.W.2d€46,€œ50€(Tenn.›€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð z&r# ÐÔ#†XcÐXXXcгª#ÔÌà ¸ àÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔCiting€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€the€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€courtÐ * #' Ðviolated€his€due€process€rights€by€applying€factors€(10)€and€(12)€to€enhance€hisÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping€sentence€because€the€facts€supporting€theÏapplication€of€these€factors€were€inherent€in€the€especially€aggravated€burglary€offense.€ÏHowever,€he€does€not€explain€how€due€process€under€òòAnthonyóó€would€bar€the€use€ofÐ B1:*/ Ðenhancement€factors€for€one€offense€because€those€factors€happen€to€be€necessaryÏelements€of€another€offense.€€We€see€no€such€bar.€€Moreover,€to€the€extent€theÏâ âdefendantððs€argument€is€an€extension€of€his€argument€that€both€the€burglary€andÐ ¦6ž/5 Ðkidnapping€convictions€could€not€stand€under€òòAnthonyóó€analysis,€we€have€alreadyÐ  Ðrejected€his€claim.€€Ìâ âÌà ¸ àThe€legislature€has€placed€only€two€limitations€on€a€trial€courtððs€applicationÏof€enhancement€factors€under€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114.€€First,€the€factor€must€beÏð ðappropriate€for€the€offense,ðð€and,€second,€it€must€not€be€an€essential€element€of€theÏoffense.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114;€òòJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€at€601.€€The€enhancementÐ ÐÈ  Ðfactors€applied€by€the€trial€court€in€this€case€meet€œboth›€requirements.€€Accordingly,€weÏaffirm€the€defendantððs€thirty„five„year€sentence€œfor€especially›€aggravated€kidnapping.ÌÌÔ#†XcÐXXXcК¬#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔà ¸ àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing,€the€defendant's€conviction€for€especiallyÐ ø Ðaggravated€burglary€is€modified€to€aggravated€burglary€and€a€sentence€of€nine„yearsÏand€$10,000€imposed.€€Ô#†XcÐXXXcÐn²#ÔÔ‡XcÐXXXcÐÔThe€judgments€of€conviction€for€the€especially€aggravatedÐ ˜ Ðkidnapping,€aggravated€assault,€and€theft€are€affirmed.Ô#†XcÐXXXcЇ³#ÔÐ d\ ÐÌÓÓà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ü!ô Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àóóJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€Ð â"Ú ÐÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ø*ð#( ÐóóPaul€G.€Summers,€Judge€Ð Þ+Ö$) ÐÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð v/n(- ÐóóJerry€L.€Smith,€Judge€òòÐ \0T). ÐóóÌÌÌà ¸ à