WPC" ?# UN % 04 0 0Dw@0UFpUF 0J 0TF 0^ 0h 0r` 0| 0N AQ % 0D 0@/ 0Do 0 D/C 1ur B D3 0d7 BU>U*U 6 B)VDC AMU*9fR0!v~v!HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(v$     7XXdXXd7Xb%XXXWX$3|xN((3n$ v!     7TXXdd7XpXXX   `   0  (#$  0   89:[;<D=D>ӀJKL<4 9Z .Courier New Regular.Courier New Regular2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23   !"#%C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  ("$    ($$   1  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23  ''' dxd$ ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P Pd----'dxdP 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X d<  9p`(&Times New Roman<  9p`(Times<  9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d44447Border 1dd "5C << G<  9p`(Arial  !  #d#1           #d#3  !"  77   YYY FILED7X June15,1998CecilCrowson,Jr.7AppellateCourtClerk   !#d#1           #d#3   $       (a)Apersoncommitsaggravatedassaultwho:  (1)Commitsanassaultasdefinedin3913101,and:  (A)Causesseriousbodilyinjurytoanother;....̀Tenn.CodeAnn.3913102(1991). (a)Apersoncommitsassaultwho:  (1)Intentionally,knowinglyorrecklesslycauses   bodilyinjurytoanother;....Tenn.CodeAnn.3913101(1991). \\RA'\ H !#d#1           #d#3   $       RepresentativeRoyHerron,76thLegislativeDistrict.  !#d#1           #d#3   $       Courtsofotherstateshaveaddressedthisissue,andtheirholdingsvarydependinguponthelanguageoftherelevantstatute.Vermontsrestitutionprovisionsaresimilartoours,referringto thevictimwithoutactuallydefiningtheword.13Vt.Stat.Ann.7043(Supp.1997);28Vt.Stat.Ann.252(b)(1986&Supp.1997).TheSupremeCourtofVermontconcludedthatthestatutorylanguagedoesnotsupporttheinclusionofinsurersinthemeaningof victim.Statev.Webb,559A.2d658,661(Vt.1989);seealso,e.g.,Statev.Gardiner,898P.2d615,624(IdahoCt.App.1995)(supersededbystatute);Hewitt,936P.2dat332;Statev.Fryer,496N.W.2d54,56(S.D.1993)(supersededbystatute).Butsee,Statev.Blanton,844P.2d1167,1170(Ariz.Ct.App.1992);Statev.Brooks,862P.2d57,64(N.M.Ct.App.1993);Peoplev.Chery,511N.Y.S.2d88,89(N.Y.App.Div.1987);Statev.Stayer,706P.2d611,613(Utah1985).PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'`Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   ellan Geneva  ellan Geneva ! . 1           #22Xd##22Xd#3  ` XX\RA'\7eXXdXXd7   R685A1-j|S` - `@Rߛ @ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@ ATJACKSONSTATEOFTENNESSEE    ) FORPUBLICATION      )  Appellee    ) FILED:JUNE15,1998      ) V.      ) MADISONCOUNTY       )       ) HON.FRANKLINMURCHISON,MICHAELRALPHALFORD   )  JUDGE      ) Appellant    ) NO.02S019704CC00030ForAppellant:     ForAppellee:DAVIDL.HAMBLEN    JOHNKNOXWALKUPUnionCity,Tennessee   AttorneyGeneralandReporter      MICHAELE.MOORE      SolicitorGeneral      GORDONW.SMITH      AssociateSolicitorGeneral̛      DEBORAHA.TULLIS      AssistantAttorneyGeneral      Nashville,Tennessee      JAMESG.WOODALL      DistrictAttorneyGeneral      DONALDH.ALLEN      AssistantDistrictAttorney      Jackson,Tennessee@ OPINION̛̜REVERSEDANDREMANDED    BIRCH,J. TheCircuitCourtforMadisonCountyenteredjudgmentonajuryverdictconvictingMichaelRalphAlford,theappellant,ofaggravatedassault 9   כforstabbingRickyMurchisonwiththesharpendofafourwaytiretoolandinflictingawoundapproximatelyfivetosixinchesdeep.Followingahearing,thetrialcourtimposedasentenceoffouryearsintheDepartmentofCorrection.Exceptforsixtydaystobeservedinthecountyjail,thesentencewassuspendeduponthefollowingconditions:8 8 (1) Threeyearsandtenmonthsofsupervisedprobation;8 8 (2)Performanceoftwohundredhoursofcommunityservice;8 8 (3) Paymentwithinninetydaysof$4,791.01asrestitutiontothevictim;and8 8 (4) Paymentof$68,589.09asrestitutiontotheinsurancecarrierforthemedicalexpensesitpaidunderthevictimsinsurancepolicy. TheCourtofCriminalAppealsaffirmedthetrialcourtsjudgment,andwegrantedAlfordsapplicationforreviewinordertoaddressanissueoffirstimpressioninthisstate:whetherahospitalizationinsurancecarriercanbea victimandtherebyreceiverestitutionfromadefendant,asorderedbyasentencing:  courtpursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035304(a)(1990).Becausewefindthattheinsurancecarrier(insurer)wasnota victimunderthecircumstancesherepresented,wevacatethatportionoftheorderrequiringpaymentof$68,589.09totheinsurerandremandthecauseforanewsentencinghearing.@ I Asageneralrule,courtsexercisingcriminaljurisdictionarewithoutinherentpowerorauthoritytoorderpaymentofrestitutionexceptasisderivedfromlegislativeenactment.Statev.Davis,940S.W.2d558,562(Tenn.1997).OurGeneralAssemblyhasenactedlegislationauthorizingtrialcourtsincriminalcasestoorderadefendanttopayrestitutiontothevictimasaconditionofprobation.ThisauthorizationiscontainedinTenn.CodeAnn.4035304(a)(1990),whichprovides:8 8 Asentencingcourtmaydirectadefendanttomakerestitutiontothevictimoftheoffenseasaconditionofprobation. Thus,whetheraninsurermaybea victimandtherebyreceiverestitutionunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035304dependsuponthemeaningof victimasusedinthatstatute.Becausethestatutedoesnotdefine victim,wemustrelyonprinciplesofstatutoryconstructiontoascertainitsmeaning.Constructionofastatuteisaquestionoflawwhichwereviewdenovo,withnopresumptionofcorrectness.Rosemanv.Roseman,890S.W.2d27,29(Tenn.1994). Inmattersofstatutoryconstruction,ourparamountobligationsaretoascertainandgiveeffecttothelegislaturesintent,withoutundulyrestrictingorexpandingastatutescoveragebeyonditsintendedscope.Carterv.State,952S.W.2d417,419(Tenn.1997);Wilsonv.JohnsonCounty,879S.W.2d807,809(Tenn.1994)(citingStatev.Sliger,846S.W.2d262,263(Tenn.1993)).Legislativeintentistobeascertainedprimarilyfromthenaturalandordinarymeaningofthelanguageused,withoutaforcedorsubtleconstructionthatwouldlimitorextendthemeaningofthelanguage.Carter,952S.W.2dat419(citingNationalGasDistributors,Inc.v.State,804S.W.2d66,67(Tenn.1991)).Thecomponentpartsofastatuteshouldbeconstrued,ifpossible,sothatthepartsareconsistentandreasonable.Cohenv.Cohen,937S.W.2d823,827(Tenn.1996). Accordingly,weturnfirsttothelanguageofthestatuteforguidance:8 8  (b)Whenever...thevictimoftheoffenseorthedistrictattorneygeneralrequests,thecourtshallorderthepresentenceserviceofficertoincludeinthepresentencereportdocumentationregardingthenatureandamountofthevictimspecuniaryloss.8 8  (c)Thecourtshallspecifyatthetimeofthesentencinghearingtheamountandtimeofpaymentorotherrestitutiontothevictim3....3X8 8  ....8 8  (e)Forthepurposesofthissection, pecuniarylossmeans:8 8  (1)Allspecialdamages,butnotgeneraldamages,...̜8 8  (2)Reasonableoutofpocketexpensesincurredbythevictimresultingfromthefilingofchargesorcooperatingintheinvestigationandprosecutionoftheoffense;3....3XTenn.CodeAnn.4035304(1990)(emphasisadded).Additionally,therestitutionstatutewasamendedin1996toincludethefollowingpertinentlanguage:8 8 (3)Ifthecourtsentencesadefendanttopaymentofrestitutionandbelievesthatpaymenttomorethanone(1)victimisproper,thecourtshalldeterminethepecuniarylossofeachvictimasprovidedinthissectionandshallordersuchamountofrestitutiontoeachsuchvictim;8 8 (4)If,asaresultofthedefendantscriminalconduct,thevictimorvictimsoftheoffensearedeadatthetimeofsentencing,thecourtmaysentencethedefendanttopayrestitutiontothevictimsorvictimsnextofkin;and8 8 (5)NothinginActs1996,ch.699,3911118,4035104(c)(2)orthissubsectionshallbeconstruedtoprohibitordelayavictimfromapplyingforandreceivinganycompensationtowhichsuchvictimisentitledundertheCriminalInjuriesCompensationAct,compiledintitle29,chapter13.IfthecourtordersthedefendanttopayrestitutionpursuanttoActs1996,ch.699,3911118,4035104(c)(2)orthissubsection,thestateshallhaveasubrogationinterestinsuchrestitutionpaymentsforthefullamountpaidthevictimundertheCriminalInjuriesCompensationAct.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035304(g)(3)(5)(1997)(emphasisadded).Inthecontextoftheabovequotedlanguage,itisapparentthattheword victimreferstotheindividualorindividualsagainstwhomtheoffensewasactuallycommitted.Nothinginthestatutesupportsabroaderapplication. Additionally,avictimsinsurerisnotwithinthenaturalandordinarymeaningof victim.Thisistruebecauseaninsurerspaymentofmedicalorotherexpensesismadepursuanttoacontractualobligation;thus,theinsurerdoesnotsuffertheunexpectedharmthattheactualvictimsuffers.SeeHewittv.State,936P.2d330,332(Nev.1997).Rather,aninsurercontractstoaccepttheriskthatclaimswillbemadeunderthecontractofinsurance.Therefore,theguidanceofferedfromthelanguageofthestatuteisthatthelegislaturedidnotintend victimtoapplytoinsurersinthiscontext. Ouranalysisdoesnotendhere,however.Whenthelanguageofastatutedoesnotyieldaclearinterpretation,thecourtmayexaminethelegislativehistoryforadditionalinterpretiveguidance.Carter,952S.W.2dat419.WeexaminedthelegislativehistoryofTenn.CodeAnn.4035304andfoundnorelevantdiscussionwithinthehistoryofthestatutesenactmentin1989.Duringadiscussionofthe1996amendmenttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035304,onlyonerelevantstatementwasmade,albeitnotinthecontextoftheissueherepresented.AmemberoftheGeneralAssembly ;   ׀statedthatthevictimstowhichthestatutereferswouldinclude theimmediatemembersofthefamilywhohadbeenoutthemedicalexpenses,andwhohadbeenoutthecounselingexpenses.TennesseeGeneralAssembly,HouseTapeNo.1,99thG.A.,2dSess.&1stExtraordinarySess.(February7,1996).Thisstatement,combinedwiththeabsenceofanydiscussionconcerningwhetheraninsurermaybea victimunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035403,leadsustoconcludethatthelegislatureprobablyneverconsideredthisissue. Thus,inconsideringboththelanguageandthelegislativehistoryoftherestitutionstatute,weconcludethattheTennesseeLegislatureneitherenvisionednorintendedrestitutiontoapplytoinsurerswhichpayclaimsmadeunderaninsurancecontract.Hadthelegislatureintendedsuchapplication,itcouldhaveexplicitlyprovidedforit.Aspreviouslystated,thisCourtcannotexpandthescopeofastatutetocreateresultsnotintendedbythelegislature.Moreover,wemustincludeinouranalysistheruleofstatutoryconstructionwhichrequiresthatcriminalstatutesbestrictlyconstruedinfavorofthedefendant.Statev.Odom,928S.W.2d18,30(Tenn.1996).Underthecircumstancespresented,then,theinsurerisnota victimforthepurposesofTennesseesrestitutionprovisions. <   כ TheStateassertsthatinsurersshouldbeawardedrestitutionunderasubrogationtheory.Assubrogees,theyargue,insurershavethesamerighttoclaimrestitutionincriminalproceedingsasthevictimswhomtheyhavealreadypaid.ThisCourt,however,doesnothaveauthoritytoapplythedoctrineofsubrogation.Theauthoritytoawardallformsofrestitution,whetherbysubrogationoranyotherproceduralmechanism,mustbegrantedtothecourtsbystatute.Aswehavealreadyconcluded,nosuchauthorityhasbeengranted.SeeDavis,940S.W.2dat562;Statev.Gardiner,898P.2d615,625(IdahoApp.Ct.1995)(supersededbystatute). Insum,thevictimsinsurercannotbeawardedrestitutionunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035304becausethestatutedoesnotsoprovide.Accordingly,theCourtofCriminalAppealsisreversed,andthatportionofthejudgmentrequiringpaymentof$68,589.09totheinsurancecarrierisvacated.Inasmuchaswehavevacatedanelementoftheappellantssentence,weremandthecausetothetrialcourtforanewsentencinghearing.CostsofthiscausearetaxedagainsttheState,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary.      ______________________________      ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,JusticeCONCUR:Anderson,C.J.Drowota,Holder,JJ.Reid,S.J.