WPC -4b:Y&ˢ#ti߀6~̴_5 Eƥjt"E:e gN<3yڴ(G=r1~q ӹ`'Hiax[bTn˸~SGW1n>33{p2@D7-'m nN" PDž/C._\@3ؙ ^%j}OAlb %u4*y^ rޒt(]=OW  ` *GZlj,u Kb('tT`OQf!ZyjM|׌P0Jsu//{ ^5+9&粩޷>:%8W H+Mo8_h.^V֭}Yj&C TG㰾 \ ~׀ݳ0R溂VNV1ԻN`(3pÊ *# LUNW % 0Dw@4/CUFR" 0 0DBU:UFUF M U UF ZC UF UF B) AQF  0D] 0D 0D D/)) BX D3uHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLl(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(L$X "b#U$E%U&E'D(a)b*Ӏ4F&US3|x4<09Z .Courier New Regular  `   (8(3=$ L!X   `   0  (#$  0   ""   XzEXXX gX XzE   Ad FILED XzEX g  June1,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdAh ,cAZ"Arial Regular<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular4.Courier New Regular   XXXX  =X `   1    Rule124024.03(d)states: Ifanobligoriswillfullyand `  voluntarilyunemployedorunderemployed,childsupportshallbecalculatedbasedonadeterminationofpotentialincome,asevidencedbyeducationalleveland/orpreviousworkexperience.<09Z .Courier New Regular PXXXX   =X `   2    ThisamountincludesthetotalearningsfromtheConocostore `  andMilanTireswhichwas$95,350and$10,293frominterestincomeandcapitalgains.XXXX<09Z .Courier New Regular<09Z .Courier New Regular d!"#$&C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  ((' dxdP Pd'dxd L!X  ""( ("(")"d")(` ())XXXX  '=XXdd='TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TXXXX7XdXXd7   9X**4*r )<,(j 8` `@E f ` 8ttxPX`  r*444**@@DINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE4t )>.*jx'` `@E] ` 8ttxP6 ' tߛ4@@tt)DATKNOXVILLE  DEBORAHLORRAINEBROOKS,    ) p  :  `     h     ) p    ` Appellant, h     ) p PolkCounty    `     h     )v. `     h     ) p Hon.EarleG.Murphy,Judge 2   `     h     ) p  h  RICKEYLAMARBROOKS,    ) p SupremeCourt >   `     h     ) p No.03S019804CV00034    ` Appellee.   h     )   @@  &DDISSENTINGOPINION B   c#XXXX# `  ItisapparentthatthisCourthasbaseditsfindingthatMr.Brooksiswillfullyandvoluntarilyunderemployedsimplyonthefactthathe,atonetime,wasmorelucrativelyemployed.Simplybecauseaparentisnotaslucrativelyemployedasduringthemarriage,orforatimethereafter,noautomaticinferencethatheorsheiswillfullyandvoluntarilyunderemployedshouldbedrawn.Wemustremaincognizantofaparentsrightasacitizentothepursuitofhappinessandtothefreedomtomakereasonableemploymentdecisions,whileatthesametimeheedingthedutytosupport. `  Becauseoftheabsenceofspecificcriteriafordeterminingjustwhatunderemploymentisforpurposesofthechildsupportstatutes,Iwriteseparatelyindissentinordertourgethatafindingofunderemploymentinthiscasebereachedonlyafterscrutinizingthesoundnessofthetrialcourtsanalysis.'' `  Whetheraparentis willfullyandvoluntarilyunderemployedwithinthemeaningofTenn.Comp.R.&Regs.tit. :R1;9 10,ch.124024.03(3)(d)(amended1994)  #  1      ׀isamattertobe `  determinedbythetrialcourtbaseduponthefactsandcircumstancesofeachcase.Unfortunately,Rule124024.03(3)(d),failstoprovidespecificguidelinesfordeterminingwhat voluntaryunderemploymentis.Thestatutemerelystatesthatthisdeterminationis evidencedbyeducationalleveland/orpreviousworkexperience. `  Inthiscase,Mr.Brookswasfoundwillfullyandvoluntarilyunderemployeddueinparttohisadjustedgrossannualincomein1993and1994$105,643  #  2      ׀and$102,087,respectively.In  addition,herealized$297,467fromthesaleoftheConocostoreandseveraltransactionsinrealestateandtimberin1994.AfterthesaleoftheConocostore,Mr.Brooksworkedfulltimeonhisfarmingoperation.Hisgoalwastoraise registeredAngusbeefcattlewith[a]geneticallysuperiorbloodlineinhopesthathis farmpropertyw[ould]potentiallyonedaybeworthmillionsofdollars.However,heearned$18,838.57ininterestincomewhileincurringa$12,735.19farmingexpense.Thisbroughthisearningforthefirstsixmonthsof1995to$6,103.38.His1995taxreturnrevealsagrosstaxableincomeof$25,888fortheyear. `  Assessingwillfulnessandvoluntarinessisessentiallya* 9X` `    9X `     *questionoffact.Thetrialcourthasconsiderablediscretionwhen /t&.  9X` `   * 9X**` ` ****   9X` `   *( 9X`  d  (" 9X`  (  "determiningwhetheraparentmeetsthedefinitionofunderemployed.) 9X` ` d  )Butwiththatdiscretion,thereshouldbesomeguidanceastotheapplicationofthestatuteinquestionsothatitisrationallyapplied.Iproposethatthefollowingadditionalfactorswouldbehelpfultotrialcourtswhomustdecidewhetheraparentiswillfullyandvoluntarilyunderemployed:(1)theprevailingwageratesinthelocalareaforvariousoccupations;(2)thespecialskillsandtrainingpossessedbytheparent;(3)theavailabilityofemploymentforwhichtheparentisqualified;(4)whethertheunderemploymentrepresentsabonafidecareerchangethatoutweighstheadverseeffectofthediminishedincome;and(5)whetheraparentsunderemploymentistemporaryandwillultimatelyleadtoanincreaseinincome. `  Inconclusion,trialandappellatecourtsshouldexerciseameasureofrestraintindecidingthatachildsupportobligoris willfullyandvoluntarilyunderemployed.Inmyview,theobligatedparentshouldhavethesameopportunitytomakereasonableemploymentdecisionsthatheorshecouldhavemadeifnotunderachildsupportorder.Inherentinanyemploymentdecisionisadegreeofrisk.Risknotwithstanding,courtsshouldbereluctanttoforceparentstoremaininstiflingemploymentsituationsorblockthepursuitofmoreadvantageousemployment,whetherthebenefitisinstantlyrealizedordeferred.Thus,Iwouldremandthiscausetothetrialcourtforreconsiderationofthisissueconsistentwiththeviewshereinexpressed.XXXX ,3)2 ̜""""  !! `     h      p ______________________________̜$##$ `     h      p ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,Justice#XXXX #&% 9/9 %%%% :R1; %&%%% 9/9 %