WPCH ZYd(.TCг:fPR`Kz]*~$+A'K`.6<33!j\ Isl5g|GGCg-=T+bb~(MMx5\T>y4ƍ%aZ5'׾oGYՖj vNp躋7:%J\?z5v(a0b3GCvdRS懲ԅL2XФhV,Wl$̲hYTԢR|V;joBEρU8Ûs/͍!ˡu[@ W^,urȰ8ڏAK_Ijmb|i#3sYo4~s>$ޙ"LB/i!w~Y17޼#kF9.FBN_T&[+4~o(ng8.eje2& @yj(@v#D 3X>ZB I# UN  %W 0]w4> 0: e  . 02 0DH N 1   1m!UF^ co mq 0cUFk1n ~UF2"x" # B%UF%&UF#'i'UFa))UF6+v|+--UF.UFH.U>.UF.|/UF1i1UF=7UF7i72=UF?@UFBUFB AQ.CC 0DED 0DD 0DD D/E B@E]E D3_FU:FFU:GHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular.X(fp8$XX*XX XX*XXX*  's&et&u&/v&[w&&U&U&[&&-&&&&&a&V&D& U&E&U&U&&{&&D&(e&&&&&&D&D&e&[&[&&Ӏ&y&P 3|x& 4  )  =EXX .> .G:\IB011S19\WILLMSO.WPD>G:\IB011S19\WILLMSO.WPD/     h   DRAFTPAGE  1       x  August4,1998!  (3$ p8!XXXX.XXXXX      ,  $  $    1    AlthoughtheprovisionsoftheTwentyFourthJudicialDistrictarereferredtoas local  rules,wenotethattheyareactuallyprovisionscontainedinanOrderofthatcourtissuedApril18,1996.((2J$ p8!XXXX.XXXXX   XX     `   0  (#$  0  (CEKQW]cioAutoList11)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)   ;$XXMYXX.XXMYXXXMYXX   @ @ `   3    _Ifthedefendanthaspreviouslybeenconvictedofdriving P  undertheinfluenceofanintoxicant,thenaresultof0.08%ormorecreatesa_rebuttable_Ԁpresumptionofintoxication.Tenn.CodeAnn.5510408(b)(1998).#:e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular   ;$XXMYXX.XXMYXXXMYXX   @ @ `   5    _Thisprerequisiterequiresevidence thattheevidentiary P  breathtestinginstrumentused...wastestedregularlyforaccuracyandwasworkingproperlywhenthebreathtestwasperformed.Sensing,843S.W.2dat416.   ;$XXMYXX.XXMYXXXMYXX   @ @ `   6    _Thisprerequisiterequires evidencethat[thetesting P  officer]followedtheprescribedoperationalprocedure.Id.<&cU(;$2:e  0  .3  0  < 9Z .Courier New Regular a  ;$XXMYXX.XXMYXXXMYXX   @ @ `   2    Bloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)isexpressedinpercent P  weightbyvolume(%w/v)basedupongramsofalcoholper100cubiccentimetersofbloodorper210litersofbreath.ABACof0.10%w/vmeans0.10gramsofalcoholper100cubiccentimetersofblood(0.01g/100cc)or0.10gramsofalcoholper210litersofbreath.Alcoholconcentrationsineitherbreathorinairmixturescanalsobeexpressedinmilligramsofalcoholperliterofair(mg/l);toconvertmg/ltounitsofpercentweightbyvolume,multiplyby0.21.(TrafficLawsAnno.,Sec.11002.1(a)(Supp.1983)).Theconversionfactorof0.21isacommonlyusedvaluerecognizedbytheCommitteeonAlcoholandOtherDrugsoftheNationalSafetyCouncil;thatis210litersofdeeplungairat34Ccontainsapproximatelythesamequantity(mass)ofethanol[alcohol]as100ccofpulmonaryblood.SeeR.N.Harger,R.B.ForneyandR.S.Baker.EstimatesoftheLevelofBloodAlcoholfromAnalysisofBreath.QuarterlyJournalofStudiesonAlcohol.118(1956).   Sensing,843S.W.2dat415n.2. `   d  J$XXXX.XXXXXXX   @ @ `   1    TheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome P  courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson,itspolicyistolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewillalsorefertothedefendantasJerryWayneEdison.   ;$X6XXX.X6XXXXXX   @ @ `   1    ݛTheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome P  courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson, its policyis &  tolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewill also refertothe  f defendantasJerryWayneEdison. t  ;$X1X XX.X1X XXX XX   @ @ `   1    ݛ TheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome   courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson,thecourtspolicyistolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewillrefertothedefendantasJerryWayneEdison. <4 9Z .Courier New Regular   ;$XXMYXX.XXMYXXXMYXX   @ @ `   4    Tenn.R._Evid_.702.   ;$X$XmnXX.X$XmnXXXmnXX   @ @ `   3    _Ifthedefendanthaspreviouslybeenconvictedofdriving   undertheinfluenceofanintoxicant,thenaresultof0.08%ormorecreatesa_rebuttable_Ԁpresumptionofintoxication.Tenn.CodeAnn.5510408(b)(1998). d<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular   ;$X&XmnXX.X&XmnXXXmnXX   @ @ `   4    Tenn.R._Evid_.702.<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular   ;$X(XmnXX.X(XmnXXXmnXX   @ @ `   5    _Thisprerequisiterequiresevidence thattheevidentiary   breathtestinginstrumentused...wastestedregularlyforaccuracyandwasworkingproperlywhenthebreathtestwasperformed.Sensing,843S.W.2dat416.<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular   ;$X*XmnXX.X*XmnXXXmnXX   @ @ `   6    _Thisprerequisiterequires evidencethat[thetesting   officer]followedtheprescribedoperationalprocedure.Id.<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular l  ;$X/X-yXX.X/X-yXXX-yXX   @ @ `   1    ݛTheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome   courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson,itspolicyistolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewillalsorefertothedefendantasJerryWayneEdison.<4 9Z .Courier New Regular<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular&Courier Regular<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular r  ;$X3X-yXX.X3X-yXXX-yXX   @ @ `   1    ݛ TheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome   courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson,itspolicyistolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewillalsorefertothedefendantasJerryWayneEdison. <4 9Z+.Courier New Regular _  ;$X5X XX.X5X XXX XX   @ @ `   2    Bloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)isexpressedinpercent   weightbyvolume(%w/v)basedupongramsofalcoholper100cubiccentimetersofbloodorper210litersofbreath.ABACof0.10%w/vmeans0.10gramsofalcoholper100cubiccentimetersofblood(0.01g/100cc)or0.10gramsofalcoholper210litersofbreath.Alcoholconcentrationsineitherbreathorinairmixturescanalsobeexpressedinmilligramsofalcoholperliterofair(mg/l);toconvertmg/ltounitsofpercentweightbyvolume,multiplyby0.21.(TrafficLawsAnno.,Sec.11002.1(a)(Supp.1983).Theconversionfactorof0.21isacommonlyusedvaluerecognizedbytheCommitteeonAlcoholandOtherDrugsoftheNationalSafetyCouncil;thatis210litersofdeeplungairat34Ccontainsapproximatelythesamequantity(mass)ofethanol[alcohol]as100ccofpulmonaryblood.SeeR.N.Harger,R.B.ForneyandR.S.Baker.EstimatesoftheLevelofBloodAlcoholfromAnalysisofBreath.QuarterlyJournalofStudiesonAlcohol.118(1956).   Sensing,843S.W.2dat415n.2. `  <4 9Z+.Courier New Regular<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular _  ;$X<Xm XX.X<Xm XXXm XX   @ @ `   2    Bloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)isexpressedinpercent P  weightbyvolume(%w/v)basedupongramsofalcoholper100cubiccentimetersofbloodorper210litersofbreath.ABACof0.10%w/vmeans0.10gramsofalcoholper100cubiccentimetersofblood(0.01g/100cc)or0.10gramsofalcoholper210litersofbreath.Alcoholconcentrationsineitherbreathorinairmixturescanalsobeexpressedinmilligramsofalcoholperliterofair(mg/l);toconvertmg/ltounitsofpercentweightbyvolume,multiplyby0.21.(TrafficLawsAnno.,Sec.11002.1(a)(Supp.1983).Theconversionfactorof0.21isacommonlyusedvaluerecognizedbytheCommitteeonAlcoholandOtherDrugsoftheNationalSafetyCouncil;thatis210litersofdeeplungairat34Ccontainsapproximatelythesamequantity(mass)ofethanol[alcohol]as100ccofpulmonaryblood.SeeR.N.Harger,R.B.ForneyandR.S.Baker.EstimatesoftheLevelofBloodAlcoholfromAnalysisofBreath.QuarterlyJournalofStudiesonAlcohol.118(1956).   Sensing,843S.W.2dat415n.2. `     ;$X9XXX.X9XXXXXX   @ @ `   1    TheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome P  courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson, its policyis &  tolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewill also refertothe  f defendantasJerryWayneEdison.<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular ~  ;$X;XXX.X;XXXXXX   @ @ `   1    TheCourtofCriminalAppealsexplainedthatalthoughsome P  courtdocumentsrefertothedefendantas Eidson,itspolicyistolistthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment.Inthiscase, Edisonisthenameusedintheindictment.Thus,toreducetheprobabilityofconfusion,wewill also refertothe  X defendantasJerryWayneEdison.<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular<4 9Z+.Courier New Regular>?@ABC<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  CC' dxdP Pd ?"  FXQ#XX.XF-XFXQ#   Ad FILEDFXQ#XF-  July19,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdAh ####'dxd,cAZ"Arial Regular ?"  HXQ#XX.XH-XHXQ#   Ad FILEDHXQ#XH-  July6,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdAh ,cAZ"Arial Regular p8!XXXX.XXXXX   &&& &&P (&_&&'XX XX'&=00XXXdd=&  TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7XXdd7   XXXX&=00XXXdd=&&& &&&&&&r=DE<,(j 8` `@E Q ` 8ttxPXP  r&&&r=GE<,(j 8` `@E Q ` 8ttxPXP  r&&&@DINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE$ XXXX X$@tt)DATKNOXVILLESTATEOFTENNESSEE)FORPUBLICATION `     h     ) ` Appellee   h     )FILED:&&&&JULY&&&JULY&&&&6&&_&&_________&,&&1999#XXX X# XXXXԀ 2   `     h     )v. `     h     )JEFFERSONCOUNTY#XXX X# XXXXԀ .   `     h     )JERRYWAYNE&&&& &&Et&DIt&t&IDt&SON&& &&&& h     )HON.BENW.HOOPER,II,JUDGE#XXX X# XXXX   Ѐ  ) `  ЀAppellant   h   )NO.03S019803CC00022 6 ForAppellant:   h      p ForAppellee: ` LUANNBALLEW h      p JOHNKNOXWALKUP   AssistantPublicDefender   p AttorneyGeneralandReporter   Dandridge,TN `     h      p MICHAELE.MOORE `     h      p SolicitorGeneral `     h      p MICHAELJ.FAHEY,II `     h      p AssistantAttorneyGeneral `     h      p Nashville,TN#XXX X# XXXX `     h      p ALC.SCHMUTZER,JR. `     h      p DistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h      p JAMESL.GASS `     h      p  &0&X XAssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral# XX& &0# +p!(  `     h      p Sevierville,TN `     h      p @,DOPINION 43(1 AFFIRMED   h      p      x BIRCH,J. 9.8 #XXX X0 #$XX XXX$&&&  9/9 &&& WegrantedthisTenn.R.App.P.11appealtodeterminetheappropriatestandardofreviewofatrialcourtsdecisiontoadmitabreathalcoholtestresultunderStatev.Sensing,843  X S.W.2d412(Tenn.1992).TheCourtofCriminalAppealsheldthatthetrialcourthadnotabuseditsdiscretioninadmittingthetestresultofthedefendant,JerryWayne&&_u&Eidsonu&&v& v&&u&Edisonu&_.w&w&w&&&&&&&&&:&&&8&&&&&&+&&&2&&&& #  1      w&&v& v&&Weaffirmthe \  judgmentoftheintermediateappellatecourtandconcludethatatrialcourtsSensingdecisionmustbepresumedcorrectonappeal   unlessthepreponderanceoftheevidenceistothecontrary.&&@/DI WhileonpatrolduringtheearlymorninghoursofFebruary17,1994,OfficerSteveManningofthe_Dandridge_ԀPoliceDepartmentobservedacarstalledinthehighwaywithanindividualattemptingtopushitoutoftheroad.WhenManningstoppedtoofferassistance,hedetectedastrongodorofalcoholcomingfromthedefendant,whowasinthedriversseatofthecar.Uponquestioning,thedefendantadmittedthathewasreturninghomefromacountrymusicbarinKnoxvillewhenthealternatoronhiscarceasedtowork.Manningthenconductedthreefieldsobrietytests;thedefendantfailedeachone.Thedefendantwasarrestedandtransportedtothesheriffsoffice.  0t&.  Atthesheriffsoffice,thedefendantwasobservedfor twentyminutesbeforeundergoingbreathalcoholtestingonan_Intoximeter_Ԁ3000.OfficerMerlin_Foister_,whowastrainedbytheTennesseeBureauofInvestigation,administeredthetest.Thedefendantsbloodalcoholcontentmeasured0.12.&&&&7&&&4& #  2      כ    II InSensing,thisCourtaddressedthefundamentalquestion `  ofthe foundationtobelaidfortheadmissionofevidentiarybreathtesterresults.Sensing,843S.W.2dat416.Priorto  Sensing,thecertifiedoperatorofthetestinstrumentwasrequired d toknowthescientifictechnologyinvolvedintheinstrumentsfunction.Id.Butadvancesinscientifictechnologyhavenow   facilitatedtheuseofcomputerizedinstrumentswhicharethoroughlytestedandmonitoredtoensureagreaterdegreeofaccuracy.  &l"  Inrecognitionofthesescientificadvances,thisCourt determinedthat,ingeneral,theaveragelawenforcementofficeradministeringabreathalcoholtestneednotpossessthetechnicalbackgroundnecessarytoqualifyasanexpert.Id.Rather,weheld T thatthetestingofficermustbeablesimplytotestifytothefollowingsixprerequisitestoadmissibility:8 8 (1)0hxxthatthetestswereperformed .  inaccordancewiththestandardsandoperatingprocedurepromulgatedbytheforensicservicesdivisionoftheTennesseeBureauofInvestigation, hxhx 8 8 (2)0hxxthathewasproperlycertified  inaccordancewiththosestandards, hxhx 8 8 (3)0hxxthattheevidentiarybreath : testinginstrumentusedwascertifiedbytheforensicservicesdivision,wastestedregularlyforaccuracyandwasworkingproperlywhenthebreathtestwasperformed, hxhx 8 8 (4)0hxxthatthemotoristwasobserved d# fortherequisite20minutespriortothetest,andduringthisperiod,hedidnothaveforeignmatterinhismouth,didnotconsumeanyalcoholicbeverage,smoke,orregurgitate, hxhx 8 8 (5)0hxxevidencethathefollowedthe *& prescribedoperationalprocedure, hxhx 8 H  8 (6)0hxxidentifytheprintoutrecord ,F") offeredinevidenceastheresultofthetestgiventothepersontested. hxhx Id. 1J'/  OncetheStatehas&&u&u&&n& n&&satisfied&o&o&&thesip&o&co&p&q&xq&&q&q&&q&prerequisitesq&&n& n&&r&adduced ~.#+ thenecessaryfoundationalevidencer&,&&the&s&s&&testresultisadmissible.Onceadmitted,aratioof0.10%ormorecreatesa_rebuttable_Ԁpresumptionofintoxication.Tenn.CodeAnn.5510408(b)(1993)(currentlycodifiedatTenn.CodeAnn.55 9/9 10408(a)(1998));&&&&&"& #  3      ׀Sensing,843S.W.2dat416.Thedefendantis P  free tochallengetheaccuracyoftheparticularmachine,thequalificationsoftheoperator,andthedegreetowhichestablishedtestingprocedureswerefollowed.Id.Suchchallenges,however, T goonlytotheweightoftheevidence,asdistinguishedfromitsadmissibility. AlthoughSensingprescribed&&the&&requisite&&&^& ^&&criteria&^& ^&&for   &`& `&&the&`& `&&&&&&&d& d&&admissibility&d& d&&&&of&&breathalcohol&&&&&l& l&&testresults&l& l&&,&&itdidnotestablishanappropriatestandardofreviewtobeappliedtothetrialcourtsdecisiononadmissibility.Indeed,evenduringtheseproceedings,thepartieshavearguedfordifferentstandardsofreview,includingabuseofdiscretion,preponderanceoftheevidence,anddenovo.AmajorityoftheCourtofCriminalAppeals   determinedthattheabuseofdiscretionstandardwastheappropriatestandardtobeapplied. Theadmissibilityofevidenceisgenerallywithinthebroaddiscretionofthetrialcourt;absentanabuseofthatdiscretion,thetrialcourtsdecisionwillnotbereversed.State  *& v._McLeod_,937S.W.2d867,871(Tenn.1996).Thisstandardhas +|!( beenappliedtodecisionsregardingthequalifications,admissibility,relevancy,andcompetencyofexperttestimony.Statev._Ballard_,855S.W.2d557,562(Tenn.1993);seealsoState 0&. v._Brimmer_,876S.W.2d75,79(Tenn.1994).Toguidethetrial |2,(0 courtsdiscretionwithrespecttotheadmissionofexpertor (4)2 scientifictestimony,wehaverecognizedthefollowingfactorswhichmaybeconsidered:8 8 (1)0hxxwhetherscientificevidencehas ~. beentestedandthemethodologywithwhichithasbeentested; hxhx 8 8 (2)0hxxwhethertheevidencehasbeen  subjectedtopeerrevieworpublication; hxhx 8 8 (3)0hxxwhetherapotentialrateof 2  errorisknown; hxhx 8 8 (4)0hxxwhether...theevidenceis .  generallyacceptedinthescientificcommunity;and hxhx 8 8 (5)0hxxwhethertheexpertsresearch `  inthefieldhasbeenconductedindependentoflitigation. hxhx x/_McDaniel_Ԁv._CSX_ԀTransp.,Inc.,955S.W.2d257,265(Tenn.1997).   Withspecificregardtobreathalcoholtestresults,Sensingremovedthediscretionwhichwouldhaveordinarily   accompaniedtheadmissionofscientificevidence.SeeStatev. "> Bobo,909S.W.2d788,790(Tenn.1995)( Sensingestablishedthe :$ prerequisitesforthresholdadmissibilityofbreathalcoholtestresults.).Forexample,asnotedpreviously,thepersonadministeringthetestneednotbeanexpert.Heorshemustsimplyhavebeentrainedbythe_TennesseeBureauofInvestigation_intheadministrationofsuchtestsandmustdemonstratethatthetestwasperformedaccordingtothattraining. Thus,insteadofhavingtodeterminewhethertheprofferedtestresult willsubstantiallyassistthetrieroffacttounderstandtheevidenceortodetermineafactinissue,&!&&%& #  4      ׀the 4*3 trialcourtmustdetermineonlywhethertheSensingprerequisites 6N,5 havebeenmet.Inthissense,theprerequisitesareessentiallypreliminaryfactsunderlyingtheadmissionofthetestresult.Oncetheyareprovenbyapreponderanceoftheevidence,seeState  X v.Stamper,863S.W.2d404,406(Tenn.1993),thetrialcourt T shouldadmittheresult. ThisleadsustoagreewithJudgeJosephM._Tipton_sanalysisinhisconcurringopinionintheCourtofCriminalAppeals:8 8 [_T]he_Ԁmattersofdiscretionrelativetoexpertwitnesstestimonyandscientifictestreliabilityforbreathtestresultsfroman_Intoximeter_Ԁ3000wereessentiallyresolvedinSensingfor_DUI_Ԁtrials. ` ...Inthisrespect,the[abuseofdiscretionstandard]wouldhaveusdefertoadiscretionthatthetrialcourtdoesnotpossess. xx 5:Underthepreponderancestandard,thetrialcourtremainsresponsiblefordeterminingwhethertheSensingprerequisiteshave %! beenproven.Therefore,thetrialcourtsfindinginregardtotheSensingprerequisitesistheultimatemeasureoftestresult >)% admissibility.Wewillpresumethatfindingiscorrect,andwewilloverturnitonlyiftheevidencepreponderatesotherwise.See ,F") Statev._Odom_,928S.W.2d18,23(Tenn.1996)(trialcourts B.#+ findingsoffactonsuppressionissuesareupheldunlesstheevidencepreponderatesotherwise).&&&&&&&&&&&&&&  IIIV? ThedefendantarguesthattheStatefailedtosatisfytwooftheSensingprerequisitesand,thus,thatthebreathalcohol 9/9 testresultshouldnothavebeenadmitted.Specifically,thedefendantcontendsthattheStatefailedtosatisfythethirdprerequisite&&&'& #  5      ׀andthefifthprerequisite.&&&)& #  6      ׀Forthereasonsset  X forthbelow,wecannotholdthattheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourtsfindings. Regardingthethirdprerequisite,_Foister_ԀtestifiedthatϜ_&the&TennesseeBureauofInvestigation_Ԁcalibratedthetestinginstrumenteverythreemonthsandthatadocumentevidencingtheinstrumentscertificationwaspostedatthejail.Althoughhecouldnotspecifytheexactdateofthelastmaintenancecheckperformed,thislackofspecificitydoesnotdetractfromhistestimony.Accordingly,&&we&&cannotsaythattheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourtsdeterminationthatthisprerequisitewassatisfied. Theevidence,however,isnotasclearwithregardtothefifthprerequisite.Ondirectexamination,_Foister_Ԁrespondedintheaffirmativetoseveralquestionsaboutfollowingtheproperproceduresintestingthedefendant.Becausethesequestionsandanswerswereofageneralnature,thetrialcourtmadethefollowingobservation:8 8 [_I]t_ԀmaybethatItem#5,thathefollowedtheprescribedoperation procedure,itskindofclose.It 1J'/ maybethatyoucouldmakethatmorespecific. xx  9F Toaddressthetrialcourtsconcernaboutspecificity,theStateasked_Foister_Ԁthefollowingquestion:8 8 Whatdidyoudotogetthemachinetooperateproperly?Whatstepsdidyoutakewiththedefendant? xx HӀInresponse,Foistertestifiedtothefollowingprocedurestaken:8 8 (1)0hxxobservedthedefendantfor 6 twentyminutes; hxhx 8 8 (2)0hxxinputtherequiredinformation 2 intothemachine; hxhx 8 8 (3)0hxxallowedthemachinetopurge  itselfofdustoranyothersubstances; hxhx 8 8 (4)0hxxwaitedforthemachines ` directiontoblow; hxhx 8 8 (5)0hxxhadthedefendantblowintothe   machine;and hxhx 8 8 (6)0hxxobtainedaprintoutofthe !h results. hxhx ITheprintoutconfirmsthattherequiredinformationwasenteredandthatFoistertestedablankagainstastandardandthenablankagainstthedefendantssample. Defensecounselwaspermittedtocrossexamine_Foister_regardingsatisfactionoftheSensingprerequisites.Duringthis l-#* examination,thefollowingexchangetookplace:8 8 Q:0hxxCanyourecallorcanyou 1J'/ rememberwhetheryoufollowedthoseproceduresthatnightwithMr.&&_Eidson_?& hxhx &&&8 8 A.0hxxWell,ImsureIfollowedthe 5x+4 procedures,butIcantremember.Itsjustcertainproceduresyouhavetofollowtorunthetest. hxhx FN 9/9 Basedonthisstatement,thedefendantarguesthatthetrialcourterredinadmittingthetestresult. _Foister_Ԁtestifiedthathefollowedtheproperprocedures,notwithstandinghisfailuretorecallthespecificsofthenightinquestion.Althoughheadmittedduringcrossexaminationthathecouldnot rememberfollowingtheprocedures,histestimony,asawhole,supportsthetrialcourtsdeterminationthathehad.Thus,wecannotsaythattheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourtsfindingthattheSensing&&&&&pre&requi&sit&&r&e&ment&s&&weremet. \    IV`SXm XXXm  Tosummarize,weconcludethat#Xm XXXm S#atrialcourtsdecision   toadmitbreathalcoholtestresultsunderSensingwillnotbe !h overturnedunlessthepreponderanceoftheevidenceisotherwise.Applyingthisstandardtothefactsofthiscase,wecannotsaythatthetrialcourterredinadmittingthedefendantsbreathalcoholtestresult.Accordingly,thejudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsisaffirmed.Costsshallbeassessedagainstthedefendant.Xm XXXm     h      p ______________________________    h      p ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,Justice&&&&&CONCUR&&PANEL&:&&&&&&Anderson,&&C.J.Drowota,Holder,Barker,&&JJ.#Xm XXXm U#&&&& 4)2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&& 9/9 &&&&&&& 5x+4 &