WPC :w/wSׅSBE=ٔ:z5w3Y_j!]qbi7hcLqꃑi@MRMb甝67?R{]_h/@ #S#hMXz ?0zUlP.P7Ϭ%ҥ+hr*oA @<^Uln3K6NʛLt|ǾӮx ![hg-!ٓ$Hg@&˓$5#{cZ .=qII^}];3׉"Y$[z mU2+n~Æ0B]B#0 Z@dl urM@J&*Вdj̕ # T: XJW+*v$ߨC%v^LGquBu1ռB Ħ18_:zKGw-eDN}J/dx#!UF % 0|Nq ^ s w 4  m x 0( 0D U8, 3d  MU: B 04 D5 AQR 0 0D#|xHP LaserJet 8000 DN PS0<4 9Z+.Courier New RegularX(T$X    USUS.,fY'L tpO'ڣU n  R$X  USUS., `   1    _ThoughthecriminalattemptanalysisinGervinhasbeen   supersededbystatute,thecourtsdiscussionoftheanalyticaldistinctionbetweensolicitationandcriminalattemptremainslegallyvalid.(p(3R$ !X    USUS.,   `   0  (#$  0  < 9Z+ Courier New  ) b*"  USUS.,  _XXXX!XX   Ad FILEDXX!  October25,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdA    R$X  USUS., `   2    _Granted,Fowlerwasnotdirectlysolicitinganothertocommit   thecrimeofstatutoryrape;hewassolicitinganofficertoprocureaminortoengageinillegalsexualactivitieswhichwouldconstitutestatutoryrape.However,theprinciplestillapplies;inadditiontoindirectlysolicitingthecrimethroughtheofficer,theremustbe someotheracttowarditsperpetration,toconstitute_attempt._Ԁ4CharlesE._Torcia_,WhartonsCriminalLaw  672(15thed.1996). f  C  R$X  USUS., `   3    _In_McEwing_,theCourtaffirmedthedefendantsconvictionfor   attemptedstatutoryrapebasedinpartonthephysicalcontactbetweenthedefendantandthevictim.Thoughthe overtactanalysisappliedbythe_McEwing_courthasbeensupersededby   statute,thehistoricaldistinctionbetweensolicitationandattemptedsexualoffensesisaprinciplethattranscendsthevaryingstatutorydefinitionsofthetypeofconductthatrisestothelevelofcriminal_attempt._ԀSeeTenn.CodeAnn.3912101 f (1997).  R$X  USUS., `   4    _Tenn.CodeAnn.3913528(Supp.1998)(effectiveJuly1,   1998).,cAZ"Arial Regular  d(p3*$ !X    USUS.,  YYYY)!dxdxabZc[C<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(p3*$ !X    USUS.,  ($$   1  !X    USUS.,  _TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T &XX&&X9X&89XXdd8  @DINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE   Ѐ0 `  @tt)D` %` %ATNASHVILLEx`[B2.jz`  `@E( ` 8ttxP  x߀̀̀STATEOFTENNESSEE,0  )FORPUBLICATIONf%% Ѐ)̀Appellant,)FILED:__________,1999̀)v.0 h )COFFEECOUNTY2 h%h% Ѐ)CHARLESD.FOWLER,0  )HON.JOHNW.ROLLINS,JUDGEj %% Ѐ)̀Appellee.)NO.01-S-01-9810-CC-00185̀̀̀̀@  &DDISSENTINGOPINION D Ѐ̀ `  Thecriminalattemptstatuteinissueprovides:̀8 ` 8 ` (#` (#8 (a)Apersoncommitscriminalattemptwho,actingwiththekindofculpabilityotherwiserequiredfortheoffense: xx  `    ....̀8 ` 8 ` (#` (#8 (3)Actswithintenttocompleteacourseofactionorcausearesultthatwouldconstitutetheoffense,underthecircumstancessurroundingtheconductasthepersonbelievesthemtobe,andtheconduct z)% constitutesasubstantialsteptowardthecommissionoftheoffense.+p!(xx Ѐ8 ` 8 ` (#` (#8 (b)Conductdoesnotconstituteasubstantialstepundersubdivision(a)(3)unlessthepersonsentirecourseofactioniscorroborativeoftheintenttocommittheoffense. xx ӀTenn.CodeAnn.39-12-101(1997)(emphasisadded). `  Indeterminingwhethercertainconductconstitutes,asamatteroflaw, asubstantialsteptowardthecommissionoftheoffense...corroborativeoftheintenttocommittheoffense, 2:/9t _myesteemedcolleagueshaveembracedaconstructionofthestatutewhich,inmyopinion,isfartooexpansive.BecauseIremainfirmlyconvincedthatthestatuteshouldbenarrowlyconstrued,Irespectfullydissent.̀ `  OurcriminalattemptstatutewasdiscussedrecentlybythisCourtinStatev.Reeves,916S.W.2d909(Tenn.1996).In   Reeves,atwelve-year-olddefendanttoldafriendthatsheintended @  topoisonherteacher'scoffee.Thefollowingday,oneofthedefendantsfriendsbroughtratpoisontoschool,andthedefendantwasobserved leaningovertheteacher'sdesk.Whentheteacherenteredtheclassroom,shefoundapursecontainingratpoisonnexttohercoffeecup. `  TheCourt,tailoringtheopiniontothefactsofthecase,stated:Ӏ8 ` 8 ` (#` (#8 whenanactorpossessesmaterialstobeusedinthecommissionofacrime,atornearthesceneofthecrime,andwherethepossessionofthosematerialscanservenolawfulpurposeoftheactorunderthecircumstances,thejuryisentitled,butnotrequired,tofindthatthe +p!( actorhastakena substantialsteptowardthecommissionofthecrimeifsuchactionisstrongly ~.#+ corroborativeoftheactorsoverallcriminalpurpose.*0%-xx ӀId.at914(emphasesadded).Thus,itappearsthattheCourthas 2 (0 eschewedtheopportunitytointerpretthestatutorylanguageofTenn.CodeAnn.39-12-101(a)(3)narrowly,decidinginsteadtoapplyafairlybroadinterpretationtotheterm substantialstep.̀ \9.8  `  Notwithstandingthisexpansiveinterpretation,bystatute,theStateisstillrequiredtoprove substantialstepconduct.Indeed,mydissentinReeveswasbasedonmyviewthat  X theevidencewasinsufficienttosupportafindingof substantialstepconduct.Inmyopinion,therecorddidnotdemonstratethatthetwelve-year-olddefendantspossessionofpoisonatschoolwas stronglycorroborativeofanintenttocommitsecond-degreemurder;nordidherconductconstituteasubstantialsteptowardthecommissionoftheunderlyingoffense.̀ `  ThiscaseprovidesyetanotheropportunitytodemonstratethedangerinherentinanexpansiveconstructionofTenn.CodeAnn.39-12-101(a)(3).Here,Fowlerexpressedawillingnesstobecomesexuallyinvolvedwithayoungboy.Asidefromthisexpression,theonlyotheractionthedefendanttookwastogivetheundercoveragentacheckfor$200.Fowlersconductmayconstitutetheindirectsolicitationofacrime,butitdoesnotconstitutecriminalattempt.̀̀Theauthoritiesconcludegenerallythat asageneralproposition...merecriminalsolicitationofanothertocommitacrimedoesnotconstituteanattempt.Gervinv.State,212 -#* Tenn.653,371S.W.2d449,450(1963).  #  1      ׀Beforeadefendantwillbe T/$, deemedguiltyofanattempttocommitthecrimesolicited,heor shemustbothsolicitanothertocommitacrimeandperform some 2 (0 otheracttowarditsperpetration. #  2      ׀4CharlesE.Torcia,    WhartonsCriminalLaw672(15thed.1996).Morespecifically, 8  inStatev.Baxley,633So.2d142,145(La.1994),theLouisiana  X SupremeCourtreviewedcasesfromvariousjurisdictionsconsideringwhethersolicitatinganothertocommitasexualoffensesupportsaconvictionforattempt.TheCourtfoundthattheviewheldbythemajorityofjurisdictionsisthatsolicitationmaynotbeequatedwithanattempttocommitasexualoffense.Id.at46. @  Additionally,theCourtfoundthatthemajorityview ispersuasiveandshouldbefollowed.Id.Likewise,inacaseinvolving   attemptedstatutoryrape,thisCourthasnotedthat [t]heweightofauthority...isthatmeresolicitationisnotsufficient[toconstitutecriminalattempt].  #  3      ׀McEwingv.State,134Tenn.649,  185S.W.688,689(1916).̀ `  Itisdifficulttoconceiveofanattemptedrapewhichdoesnotincludeatleastlimitedphysicalcontact.Conductshortofphysicalcontactmaysuggesttheactorsintentandpreparation &l" tocommitarape;itdoesnot,however,showasubstantialsteptowardthecommissionofthatcrime.Therefore,conductwhichfallsshortofphysicalcontactdoesnotconstituteattemptedrape. `  Inthecasebeforeus,theproofissufficienttoestablishtheoffenseofsolicitationofaminor. #  4      ׀ButIwould \  holdthattheprooffailsmiserablytosupportFowlersconvictionofattemptedstatutoryrapeasdefinedinTenn.CodeAnn.39-12-101(a)(3).̀ `  Accordingly,forthereasonsoutlinedabove,Irespectfullydissentfromtheresultreachedherebythemajorityofmycolleagues.Ӏ̀̀̀0  0h%%______________________________">h%h% Ѐ0 ` 0 ` %` %ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,Justice#&XX9-##&&#