WPC0 # VUNa % 0DbU> 0`? 4   0 0DJ w@ 0J 0T 0^l 0h 0r2 0| 0 0 1u6U, 0dU,;U>g BVU6sB)DC AM D3bU*; 0@v~:v AO 0D D/ BHP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPT0 (9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(f$- -<( 9 &Courier Regular(83$ f!  Gav #'b3|xK(8(3߫$ f!     0  (#$  0   6U7 P89U:a;a<D=ӀGH2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<  9p`(ModernP 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Monaco<  9p`(&Times New Roman !  #d##     )   d<  9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd-(C << G%%%%'dxd<  9p`(Arial 1 !  #d##     ++   YYY FILED+XMarch11,1996CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerk  ("$    PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA:Op Monaco  BA:Op Monaco -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . &""Xd&#""Xd##     L \RA'\7[XXdd7  $&` X.hX      March11,1996      FORPUBLICATION@ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEEL),(;+'h|GE` . `L@ ATNASHVILLESTATEOFTENNESSEE,   (     ( Appellee,  (     (     (     (CheathamCriminal     (v.     (No.01S019303CC00052     (     (     (     (ANTHONYDARRELLDUGARDHINES, (     ( Appellant.  (@  DISSENTINGOPINIONONPETITIONTOREHEAR  Idissentfromthemajorityopiniononthedefendant'spetitiontorehear.IwouldholdthattheaggravatingcircumstancesetforthinTenn.CodeAnn.392203(i)(5)(1982)isinvalidasanaggravatingcircumstanceinthiscase. ForthereasonsdiscussedinStatev.Black,815S.W.2d166,19597(Tenn.1991)(Reid,C.J.,dissenting),circumstance(i)(5),("[t]hemurderwasespeciallyheinous,atrocious,orcruelinthatitinvolvedtortureordepravityofmind"),priortothel989amendment,isunconstitutionallyvague.EvenasdefinedinStatev.Williams,690S.W.2d517,52930(Tenn.1985),theuseof"depravity,"asanaggravatingcircumstanceviolatesboththestateandfederalconstitutionsandrequiresthatthesentencebevacated.SeeStatev.Black;Statev.VanTran,864S.W.2d465,48590(Tenn.1993)(Daughtrey,J.,dissenting);Shellv.Mississippi,498U.S.1,111S.Ct.313(1990)(percuriam;Marshall,J.,concurring). Inthepresentcase,thejurywasinstructedthat"depravity"means"moralcorruption;wickedorperverseact."IndenyingcertiorariinthecaseofBarberv.Tennessee,_____U.S._____,115S.Ct.1177(1995),JusticeStevensfoundthatthedefinitionof"depravity"as"wickedormorallycorrupt"was"plainlyimpermissible"undertheCourt'sholdingsinGodfreyv.Georgia,446U.S.420,42829,100S.Ct.1759(1980),andMaynardv.Cartwright,486U.S.356,36364,108S.Ct.1853(1988).Whileacknowledgingthisauthority,themajorityneverthelessconcludesthat"anyunconstitutionalvaguenessintheinstructionconcerning'depravity'washarmlessbeyondareasonabledoubtbecause,asreviewoftherecordestablishes,thisaggravatingcircumstancewassufficientlyprovedbyevidenceoftortureindependentofdepravity."Themajority,then,reliesupontorture,not"depravity."Theevidenceclearlyisnotsufficienttosupportafindingoftorture. InStatev.Williams,theCourtheldthat"'[t]orture'meanstheinflictionofseverephysicalormentalpainuponthevictimwhileheorsheremainsaliveandconscious."690S.W.2dat529(emphasisadded).Inthepresentcase,thecauseofdeathwasmultiplestabwoundstothechest.Therewasalsoalaterstabwoundtothevictim'svagina;however,theconvictioncannotrestuponthisinjurytothevictimbecausethereisnoevidenceintherecordthatshewasaliveandconsciouswhenthatwoundwasinflicted.Theevidencesupportsafindingofmutilationofacorpseaswellasitsupportstortureofahumanbeing. Atresentencing,themedicalexaminer,Dr.CharlesHarlan,testifiedthatthewoundtothevaginalareawasa"perimorteminjury;thatis,itoccurredatapproximatelythetimeofdeath,eitherslightlybefore,during,orslightlyafter."AccordingtoDr.Harlan,"Deathwouldhaveoccurredwithinafewminutesafterinflictionofthewoundstothechest,andprobablywouldhavebeenintherangeoffourtofiveminutes,possiblyasmuchassixminutes,"butthevictimwouldhaveremainedconsciousonlyfor"probablythreetofourminutes"afterreceivingthechestwounds.Dr.Harlanagreedthatthevaginalwound"couldhavejustaseasilyoccurredafterthelossofconsciousnessordeath,asbefore."Thus,therewasnotsufficientproofforthejurytoconcludebeyondareasonabledoubtthatthevictimwasconsciousatthetimethewoundtothevaginalareawasinflicted.Thisevidencemightbesufficientlycloseintimetosupport"depravity"butnottorture. Since,inmyview,theinstructionsregarding"depravity"isconstitutionallydeficient,asacknowledgedbythemajority,andtheaggravatingcircumstance(i)(5)wasnotprovedbyevidenceoftorture,Icannotagreewiththemajority'sconclusionthattheunconstitutionallyvaguedefinitionofdepravitywasharmlesserror.Thatconclusionisabaldassertionwithoutaprincipledexplanation.Sochorv.Florida,504U.S.527,54l,112S.Ct.2114,2123(1992)(O'Connor,J.,concurring).Onthisissue,Iwouldremandforresentencingunderaproper(i)(5)instruction.SeeStatev.Black,815S.W.2dat19697(Reid,C.J.,dissenting).Forthereasonsstatedinmyearlierdissent,Iwouldimposeasentenceoflifeimprisonment.    _____________________________    LyleReid,J.