ÿWPC  …# VU:a %› 0—¡48 L UH[ 0Û£ 0D~ UH 0J 0TT 0^¨ 0h 0rn à 0|è 0†d 0ê w@z 1uºU,/ 0d[U,¿U6ëB)!DCJ AMU*Úq D3uU>¨Næ 0@4’tv~vÓ„ BW AOtÆÃ 0D‰ D/Í Bü˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀäÌÀÀÌÀä0 ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular X(oM­$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑŒ Œ ÑÑÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XwXXXÔÓ  Óíb¸ ÔXp3|x?<ãÎ ,9Z 0Courier (W1) Regular(‹(3Y4$¤¤Ý ƒM­!ÝÑ  ÑÑŒ °ÑѰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€ XâÜXX XÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó<à09Z 0Courier (W1) Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô +D,U-D.e/r‚01Ae2D3Ó€? ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial gÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€$ÔÑ  ÑÑ Œ ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€(ÔÔ€(ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€(XÔÌÌò òJuneÏ3,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€(ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó3333'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman DÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€$ÔÑ  ÑÑ Œ ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Act€is€codified€at€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„1„101€òòet€seqóó.Ï(1991€&€Supp.€1995).Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ˆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€$ÔÑ  ÑÑ Œ ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€the€1995€Session€of€the€General€Assembly€amendedÏthe€first„degree€murder€statute€by,€among€other€things,€deletingÏthe€word€"reckless"€from€the€definition€of€felony„murder.€ÏHowever,€this€deletion€does€not€affect€our€opinion€that€theÏoffense€of€attempted€felony„murder€does€not€exist€in€Tennessee,Ïsince€under€the€new€definition€the€offense€of€felony„murder€stillÏdoes€not€require€a€specific€intent.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò d€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€##X„d&ÓÑ#€##Xd#ÑÔ€$ÔÑ  ÑÑ Œ ÑÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€âÜXXdÈdÈ7Ñ›Ìà@ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OFÏTENNESSEEÌÌà@ àœAT€JACKSON›ÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€œTENNESSEE,›à àà àœà à)à àFORÏPUBLICATION›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àœ)›Ìà àà àœAppellant,à à›à àœ)à àFiled:€June€3,Ï1996Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)›Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà àœ)à àShelbyÏCriminal›à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌBRIAN€KEITH€œKIMBROUGH,›à àœà à)à àHon.€ArthurÏT.€Bennett,€Judge›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÙ€€ÙœßL€')&;+'h|e¼` ‚- `€€Lß›à àà àœAppellee.›à àà àœà à)à àNo.€02„S„01„9503„CR„00028›ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à àà àœà à›à àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌœÌCharles€W.€Bursonà àà àà àà àA.€C.€WhartonÌAttorney€General€and€Reporterà àà àShelby€CountyÏPublic€DefenderÌ›ÌJerry€L.€Smithà àà àà àœà à›à àW.€Mark€WardÌDeputy€Attorney€Generalà àà àœà àAssistant›ÏPublic€DefenderÌNashville,€TN€37243à àà àœà à›à àMemphis,€TNÏ38103ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌœÌÌ›ÌÌà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÌœÌÌ›ÌÌÌÓ` °‚X˜XÓAFFIRMEDà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœà àà àBirch,›€J.ÇÓÓà àWe€review€this€cause€in€order€to€address€an€issue€ofÏfirst€impression:€€whether€attempt€to€commit€felony„murder€existsÏas€an€offense€in€Tennessee.€€We€conclude€that€it€does€not€andÏaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€reversing€theÏappellee's€conviction.ÌÓ  ÓÌà@ àIÌÓ  ÓÌà àTerry€Lewis€and€his€brother,€Jimmy€Lewis,€conducted€aÏrather€extensive€marijuana„selling€operation€in€their€MemphisÏresidence.€€On€April€13,€1991,€after€the€brothers€had€ð ðservicedððÏapproximately€forty€marijuana€ð ðcustomers,ðð€Brian€Keith€Kimbrough,Ïthe€defendant„appellee,€and€two€male€associates€went€to€the€LewisÏresidence.€€Once€inside,€Kimbrough€brandished€a€pistol.€€TerryÏLewis€struggled€with€Kimbrough€for€the€pistol.€€During€theÏstruggle,€Kimbrough€fired€several€times.€€One€bullet€struck€JimmyÏLewis.€€As€he€fell€to€the€floor,€he€carried€Terry€Lewis€with€him.€ÏKimbrough€then€shot€Terry€Lewis€twice€as€he€lay€prone.€€TerryÏLewis€recovered€from€his€wounds;€Jimmy€Lewisðð€wounds€were€fatal.ÌÌà àThe€grand€jury€indicted€Kimbrough€upon€the€followingÏoffenses:ÌÌÓÓà8 àÌà8 àà8 à1.à0 àFirst„degree€(felony)€murderÏin€the€commission€of€aÏrobbery;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à2.à0 àFirst„degree€(felony)€murderÏin€the€attempt€to€commitÏrobbery;ÌÌà8 àà8 à3.à0 àPremeditated€first„degreeÏmurder;ÌÌà8 àà8 à4.à0 àAttempt€to€commit€first„degreeÏmurder€in€the€commission€of€aÏrobbery;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à5.à0 àAttempt€to€commit€first„degreeÏmurder€in€the€attempt€toÏcommit€a€robbery;€andÌÌà8 àà8 à6.à0 àAttempt€to€commit€premeditatedÏfirst„degree€murder.ÌÓÓÌà àA€trial€ensued,€and€the€jury€convicted€Kimbrough€of€twoÏoffenses:€(1)€voluntary€manslaughter€in€the€death€of€Jimmy€Lewis;Ïand€(2)€attempted€first„degree€(felony)€murder€in€the€attemptedÏcommission€of€a€robbery.€€For€the€manslaughter€conviction,€theÏtrial€court€imposed€a€six„year€sentence;€for€the€attempted€felony„murder€conviction,€the€trial€court€imposed€a€twenty„five„yearÏsentence.€€The€sentences€are€consecutive.ÌÌà@ àIIÌÌà àAs€stated,€the€question€here€is€whether€attempt€toÏcommit€felony„murder€is€an€offense€cognizable€under€our€laws.ÌÌà àOn€direct€appeal,€Kimbrough€insisted€that€the€offensesÏattempt€and€felony„murder€are€intrinsically€different:€that€is,Ïattempt€requires€a€specific€intent€to€commit€the€particular€crime,Ïwhile€theòò€mens€reaóó€required€for€felony„murder€is€›recklessness.€ÏThus,€he€reasons,€the€intent€requirement€and€the€recklessnessÏrequirement€cannot€coexist.€€He€contends,€therefore,€that€attemptÏto€commit€felony„murder€is€not€cognizable€as€an€offense€under€ourÏlaw.ÌÌà àThe€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€agreed€with€KimbroughððsÏposition€and€reversed€the€conviction€for€attempt€to€commit€felony„murder.€€The€panel€was€not,€however,€unanimous.€€A€dissentingÏjudge€reasoned€that€the€òòmens€reaóó€required€for€felony„murder€isÍsatisfied€by€an€intent€to€commit€the€underlying€felony.€ÏTherefore,€he€concluded,€there€is€no€disparity€between€the€òòmensÏreaóó€required€for€each€of€the€two€offenses.ÌÌà@ àIIIÌÌà àIn€1989,€the€legislature€passed€the€Tennessee€CriminalÏSentencing€Reform€Act.Ô€+Ô× ƒ, ××  ×€Ô€$Ô€€It€includes€the€following€provision€onÏcriminal€attempt:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à(a)€€A€person€commits€criminalÏattempt€who,€acting€with€the€kind€ofÏculpability€otherwise€required€forÏthe€offense:Ìà8 àà8 àà à(1)€€òòIntentionallyóó€engages€inÏaction€or€causes€a€result€that€wouldÏconstitute€an€offense€if€theÏcircumstances€surrounding€theÏconduct€were€as€the€person€believesÏthem€to€be;Ìà8 àà8 àà à(2)à àActs€with€òòintent€to€causeÏa€resultóó€that€is€an€element€of€theÏoffense,€and€believes€the€conductÏwill€cause€the€result€withoutÏfurther€conduct€on€the€person'sÏpart;€orÌà8 àà8 àà à(3)à àActs€with€òòintent€toÏcomplete€a€course€of€action€or€causeÏa€resultóó€that€would€constitute€theÍoffense,€under€the€circumstancesÏsurrounding€the€conduct€as€theÏperson€believes€them€to€be,€and€theÏconduct€constitutes€a€substantialÏstep€toward€the€commission€of€theÏoffense.Ìà8 àà8 à(b)€€Conduct€does€not€constitute€aÏsubstantial€step€under€subdivisionÏ(a)(3)€unless€the€person's€entireÏcourse€of€action€is€corroborative€ofÏthe€intent€to€commit€the€offense.Ìà8 àà8 à(c)€€It€is€no€defense€to€prosecutionÏfor€criminal€attempt€that€theÏoffense€attempted€was€actuallyÏcommitted.€ÌÓÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101€(1991)(emphasis€added).€Traditionally,Ïthe€intent€required€for€an€attempt€is€an€intent€to€commit€theÏcontemplated€crime.€€òòGervin€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€653,€371€S.W.2dÏ449,€451€(1963).€€"An€attempt,€by€nature,€is€a€failure€toÏaccomplish€what€one€òòintendedóó€to€do.€€Attempt€means€to€try;€itÏmeans€an€effort€to€bring€about€a€desired€result."€€òòKeys€v.€Stateóó,Ï766€P.2d€270,€273€(Nev.€1988).€€The€concept€of€attempt€seemsÏnecessarily€to€involve€the€notion€of€an€intended€consequence,€forÏwhen€one€attempts€to€do€something€one€is€endeavoring€or€trying€toÏdo€it.€€Hence,€an€attempt€requires€a€desired,€or€at€least€anÏintended,€consequence.€€Paul€H.€Robinson€&€Jane€A.€Grall,€òòElementÏAnalysis€in€Defining€Criminal€Liability:€€The€Model€Penal€Code€andÏBeyondóó,€35€Stan.€L.€Rev.€681,€747€n.290€(1983)[hereinafterÍRobinson,€òòElement€Analysis].óó€€The€nature€of€an€attempt,€then,€isÏthat€it€requires€a€specific€intent.€€òòPeople€v.€Burressóó,€505ÏN.Y.S.2d€272,€273€(A.D.€1986);€òòAdams€v.€Murphyóó,€394€So.€2d€411,Ï413€(Fla.€1981);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€534€P.2d€1180,€1183€(Or.€Ct.€App.Ï1975).€€Under€Tennessee€law,€a€person€acts€intentionally€withÏrespect€to€the€nature€of€the€conduct€or€its€consequences€when€theÏperson€has€a€conscious€objective€or€desire€to€engage€in€theÏconduct€or€cause€the€result.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(18).€ÌÌà àThe€Sentencing€Reform€Act€also€revised€the€felony„murderÏrule.€€Under€the€version€of€the€Act€in€effect€at€the€time€ofÏappelleeððs€crimes,€first„degree€murder€included€"[a]€recklessÏkilling€of€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of,€or€attempt€toÏperpetrate€any€first€degree€murder,€arson,€rape,€robbery,Ïburglary,€theft,€kidnapping€or€aircraft€piracy.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„202(a)(2)(1991).× ƒ. ××  ×€€Thus,€the€offense€of€felony„murder€wasÏan€unintentional€killing;€recklessness€as€a€òòmens€reaóó€would€sufficeÍto€support€a€conviction€for€a€death€occurring€in€the€course€of€oneÏof€the€enumerated€felonies.€€A€person€acts€recklessly€when€he€orÏsheÌÓÓœ›à8 àà8 àis€aware€of€but€consciouslyÏdisregards€a€substantial€andÏunjustifiable€risk€that€theÏcircumstances€exist€or€the€resultÏwill€occur.€€The€risk€must€be€ofÏsuch€a€nature€and€degree€that€itsÏdisregard€constitutes€a€grossÏdeviation€from€the€standard€of€careÏthat€an€ordinary€person€wouldÏexercise€under€all€the€circumstancesÏas€viewed€from€the€accused€person'sÏstandpoint.ÌÓÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(31)(1991).€€Obviously,€a€charge€ofÏ"attempted€felony„murder"€is€inherently€inconsistent,€in€that€itÏrequires€that€the€actor€have€intended€to€commit€what€is€deemed€anÏunintentional€act.ÌÌà àOne€of€the€original€purposes€of€the€felony„murder€ruleÏwas€to€deter€the€commission€of€certain€felonies€in€a€dangerous€orÏviolent€way.€€2€Charles€E.€Torcia,€€Wharton's€Criminal€Law€ðð€147Ïat€300„01€(15th€ed.€1994).€€Felony„murder€differs€from€other€formsÏof€murder€because€it€holds€the€actor€strictly€accountable€evenÏwhere€the€killing€is€unintended.€€òòId.óó€at€300.ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àIn€the€typical€case€of€felony„murder,€there€is€no€malice€in€"fact"Ïwith€respect€to€the€homicide;€theÏmalice€is€supplied€by€the€"law".€ÏThere€is€an€intended€felony€and€anÏunintended€homicide.€€The€maliceÏwhich€plays€a€part€in€the€commissionÏof€the€felony€is€transferred€by€theÏlaw€to€the€homicide.€€As€a€result€ofÏthe€fictional€transfer,€the€homicideÏis€deemed€committed€with€malice.ÌÓÓÌòòId.óó€at€296.ÌÌà àAt€common€law,€where€the€charge€was€not€for€a€completedÏoffense,€but€for€an€attempt€to€commit€it,€only€intention€wouldÏsuffice€and€mere€recklessness€was€not€enough.€€òòSeeóó€Robinson,ÏòòElement€Analysisóó,€35€Stan.€L.€Rev.€at€749„50.€€The€relevant€caseÏlaw€from€other€jurisdictions€makes€it€clear€that€recklessness€andÏnegligence€are€incompatible€with€desire€or€intention.€€It€isÏimpossible€to€conceive€of€an€attempt€where€a€crime€by€definitionÏmay€be€committed€recklessly€or€negligently€but€not€intentionally.€ÏòòSee,€e.g.,€Stennet€v.€Stateóó,€564€So.€2d€95€(Ala.€Crim.€App.Ï1990)(no€such€offense€as€attempted€manslaughter€becauseÏrecklessness€required€for€manslaughter);€òòPeople€v.€Hernandezóó,€614ÏP.2d€900,€901€(Colo.€Ct.€App.€1980)(offense€of€"attemptedÍcriminally€negligent€homicide"€does€not€exist);€òòState€v.€Hemmeróó,Ï531€N.W.2d€559,€564€(Neb.€Ct.€App.€1995)(no€such€crime€asÏattempted€reckless€assault);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€534€P.2d€1180,€1183Ï(Or.€Ct.€App.€1975)(no€such€crime€as€attempted€reckless€murder);ÏòòState€v.€Vigilóó,€842€P.2d€843,€848€(Utah€1992)(crime€of€attemptedÏdepraved€indifferent€homicide€does€not€exist);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHull€v.ÏStateóó,€553€S.W.2d€90,€94€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977)(no€such€crime€asÏattempted€involuntary€manslaughter;€ð ðno€such€crime€as€wouldÏrequire€proof€that€one€intended€a€result€that€accidentallyÏoccurred").€€òòBut€seeóó€òòPeople€v.€Thomasóó,€729€P.2d€972€(Colo.Ï1986)(òòen€bancóó)(ð ðthere€is€no€logical€or€legal€inconsistencyÏinvolved€in€the€recognition€of€attempted€reckless€manslaughter€asÏa€crimeðð).ÌÌà àð ðððAlthough€murder€may€be€committed€without€an€intent€toÏkill,€òòattemptóó€to€commit€murder€requires€a€specific€intent€toÏkill.ðððð€€òòBraxton€v.€United€Statesóó,€500€U.S.€344,€351Ï(1991)(quoting€4€Charles€E.€Torcia,€Wharton's€Criminal€Law€ðð€743Ï(14th€ed.€1981));€òòsee,€e.g.óó,€òòPeople€v.€Pattersonóó,€257€Cal.€Rptr.Ï407,€409€(Cal.€Ct.€App.€1989);€€òòState€v.€Grayóó,€654€So.€2d€552,€554Ï(Fla.€1995)€òòoverrulingóó€òòAmlotte€v.€Stateóó,€456€So.€2d€448€(Fla.Í1984);€€òòPeople€v.€Harrisóó,€377€N.E.2d€28,€33€(Ill.€1978);òò€People€v.ÏViseróó,€343€N.E.2d€903,€910€(Ill.€1975);€òòHead€v.€Stateóó,€443€N.E.2dÏ44,€51€(Ind.€1982);€òòState€v.€Huffóó,€469€A.2d€1251,€1253€(Me.€1984);ÏòòState€v.€Dahlstromóó,€150€N.W.2d€53,€59€(Minn.€1967);€òòKeys€v.€Stateóó,Ï766€P.2d€270,€273€(Nev.€1988);€òòRamos€v.€Stateóó,€592€P.2d€950òò,óó€951Ï(Nev.€1979);òò€State€v.€Darbyóó,€491€A.2d€733,€736€(N.J.€Super.€Ct.ÏApp.€Div.€1984);€òòState€v.€Priceóó,€726€P.2d€857,€860€(N.M.€Ct.€App.Ï1986);€òòPeople€v.€Burressóó,€505€N.Y.S.2d€272,€273€(N.Y.€App.€Div.Ï1986);òò€State€v.€Smithóó,€534€P.2d€1180,€1183€(Or.€Ct.€App.€1975)òò;ÏCommonwealth€v.€Griffinóó,€456€A.2d€171,€178€(Pa.€Super.€Ct.€1983);ÏòòState€v.€Bell,€óó785€P.2d€390,€393€(Utah€1989);€òòState€v.€Dunbaróó,€817ÏP.2d€1360,€1363€(Wash.€1991)(òòen€bancóó);€òòsee€alsoóó€Jeffrey€F.€Ghent,ÏòòAnnotation:€€What€Constitutes€Attempted€Murderóó,€54€A.L.R.3d€612Ï(1974€&€Supp.€1995)(fundamental€elements€of€the€crime€of€attemptedÏmurder€are€a€specific€intent€to€commit€murder€and€an€overt€act€inÏfurtherance€of€that€object).ÌÌà àA€review€of€our€entire€criminal€statutory€scheme€leadsÏus€to€conclude€that€the€legislature€has€already€provided€for€thoseÏinstances€in€which€bodily€injury€occurs€during€the€commission€of€aÏcrime.€€Tennessee€law€allows€for€enhanced€punishment€based€on€theÍdegree€of€bodily€injury€the€defendant€inflicted€on€the€victimÏduring€the€commission€of€certain€inherently€dangerous€offenses.òò€ÏSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„101(a)(1)(assault€with€bodilyÏinjury);€39„13„102(a)(1)(A)(aggravated€assault€with€serious€bodilyÏinjury);€39„13„304(a)(4)(aggravated€kidnaping€with€bodily€injury);Ï39„13„305(a)(4)(especially€aggravated€kidnaping€with€seriousÏbodily€injury);€39„13„402(a)(2)(aggravated€robbery€with€seriousÏbodily€injury);€39„13„403(a)(especially€aggravated€robbery€withÏweapon€and€where€victim€suffers€serious€bodily€injury);€39„13„502(a)(2)€(aggravated€rape€with€bodily€injury);€39„13„504(a)(2)(aggravated€sexual€battery€with€bodily€injury);€39„14„302(a)(2)(aggravated€arson€with€serious€bodily€injury);€and€39„14„404(a)(2)(especially€aggravated€burglary€with€serious€bodilyÏinjury).€€With€the€exception€of€the€assault€crimes,€these€offensesÏare€the€same€felonies€included€within€the€scope€of€the€felony„murder€statute.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(2).€€InÏaddition,€the€legislature€has€created€the€offense€of€recklessÏendangerment,€which€can€be€charged€in€those€cases€in€whichÏreckless€conduct€exposes€others€to€the€threat€of€death€or€toÏserious€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„103.€€ÌÌà àConsidering€that€the€legislature€has€already€enactedÏspecific€offenses€covering€situations€in€which€death€or€injury€isÏthreatened€or€occurs€during€the€commission€of€certain€felonies,€weÏconclude€that€to€extend€the€felony„murder€rule€to€cases€in€whichÏno€death€occurs€would€ð ðextend€the€scope€of€the€doctrine€beyond€theÏpale€of€its€statutory€design€and€logical€underpinnings."€€òòHead€v.ÏStateóó,€443€N.E.2d€44,€51€(Ind.€1982).€€Of€course,€it€goes€withoutÏsaying€that€if€an€accused€actually€possesses€the€requisite€intentÏto€kill,€he€or€she€may€be€charged€with€attempted€murder.€€WeÏsimply€believe€that€it€is€logically€and€legally€impossible€toÏattempt€to€perpetrate€an€unintentional€killing.ÌÌà àEvery€jurisdiction€that€has€addressed€the€questionÏwhether€attempt€to€commit€felony„murder€exists€as€an€offense€has,Ïwith€but€a€single€exception,€held€that€it€does€not€exist.€€òòPeopleÏv.€Pattersonóó,€257€Cal.€Rptr.€407€(Cal.€Ct.€App.€1989);€òòState€v.ÏGrayóó,€654€So.€2d€552€(Fla.€1995);òò€State€v.€Prattóó,€873€P.2d€800Ï(Idaho€1993);€òòPeople€v.€Viseróó,€343€N.E.2d€903€(Ill.€1975);òò€Head€v.ÏStateóó,€443€N.E.2d€44€(Ind.€1982);òò€State€v.€Robinsonóó,€883€P.2d€764Ï(Kan.€1994);òò€Bruce€v.€Stateóó,€566€A.2d€103€(Md.€1989);òò€State€v.ÏDahlstromóó,€150€N.W.2d€53€(Minn.€1967);òò€State€v.€Darbyóó,€491€A.2dÍ733€(N.J.€Super.€Ct.€App.€Div.€1984);òò€State€v.€Priceóó,€726€P.2d€857Ï(N.M.€Ct.€App.€1986);òò€People€v.€Burressóó,€505€N.Y.S.2d€272€(N.Y.ÏApp.€Div.€1986);òò€Commonwealth€v.€Griffinóó,€456€A.2d€171€(Pa.€Super.ÏCt.€1983);òò€State€v.€Bellóó,€785€P.2d€390€(Utah€1989);òò€State€v.ÏCarteróó,€170€N.W.2d€681€(Wis.€1969).€€òòBut€see€White€v.€Stateóó,€585ÏS.W.2d€952€(Ark.€1979)(upholding€the€offense€of€attempted€felony„murder€in€that€jurisdiction).€€The€courts€in€these€jurisdictionsÏhave€concluded€that€it€is€illogical€that€someone€could€intend€toÏcause€someone€elseððs€death€through€negligence€or€evenÏrecklessness.€While€one€may€reasonably€conclude€that€a€defendantÏintentionally€behaved€in€a€reckless€manner€and€may€have€intendedÏto€kill€the€victim,€it€does€not€make€sense€to€say€that€a€defendantÏintended€to€kill€the€victim€by€being€reckless.ÌÌà àWe€conclude€that€one€cannot€intend€to€accomplish€theÏunintended.€€Consequently,€the€offense€of€attempted€felony„murderÏdoes€not€exist€in€Tennessee.€€Accordingly,€the€Court€of€CriminalÏAppeals'€judgment€reversing€and€dismissing€the€appellee'sÏconviction€for€attempted€felony„murder€is€affirmed.ÌÓÓÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà à___________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àADOLPHO€A.€BIRCH,€JR.,€JusticeÌÌÌCONCUR:€€ÌAnderson,€C.J.ÌDrowota,€Reid,€White,€JJ.