ÿWPCE …U:V % 0C– 0Ù 0Jê 4 nXD œ 0ä U:g w@¡ 4á 0Tõ 0^I B§ 0hÄ, 0@, D3l 0rŸ 0| 0† 0 1u£ U, 0dJU,®U*ÚU>U.BB)pDC™ AMܬ)Õ6ç<ŽY3ç,! F#S%'h'ü)‹,)™/Â3AÉ5v~ <vÓˆ= AO[CƪC 0DpD D/´D BãD<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTX(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó(È!2~;$¤¤Ý ƒÎ!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€XÛÝXXXÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÑTRY3Ø' Letter3Ø' 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  ÝÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô3|x «<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTXXxþ6X@ÉDQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTTTXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP(›Î$¡¡Ñ  ÑÔ€X+—XXXÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÑTRY3Ø' Letter3Ø' 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular  D   {  {  D Ó€ ;p‚ 2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò$$$$'ÿÿdxd2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô%1234 ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)HÙ< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Courier% Line 7 dCCCC7Border 1dd€-DCþÿ << Gÿÿ ¢Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÔ€@ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€@XÔÌÌò òApril€29,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€@ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  Ýà àÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔConsistent€with€court€policy,€the€victims€will€not€be€referred€to€by€full€name€becauseÏà àthey€are€minors.Ì ,Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔKissinger€stated€that€he€cared€for€the€woman€as€he€would€care€for€a€sister.€€The€womanÏverified€that€the€two€had€no€sexual€involvement.Ì 2Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔKissinger€had€a€prior€conviction€for€sexual€battery.€€Another€charge€against€KissingerÏhad€been€dismissed€when€the€victim€moved€out€of€state.Ì „Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  Ýà àÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€agreed€that€factor€(4)€was€inapplicable€toÏà àKissingerððs€convictions.€€However,€the€written€findings€of€the€trial€court€indicate€thatÏà àfactor€(4)€was€considered€by€the€judge.Ì )Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóDÔ€AÔefendant€did€not€challenge€the€use€of€factors€(1€)€and€(16).€The€Court€of€Criminal€didÏnot€discuss€the€applicability€of€factor€(4).Ì "Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔRoberson€had€a€prior€conviction€for€statutory€rape€(involving€a€teenage€daughter)€and€Ïanother€for€possession€of€marijuana.€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔAt€the€first€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€found€enhancement€factors€€(1),€(4),€andÏ(7).Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔHad€factor€(4)€been€used€to€enhance€Kissingerððs€sentence,€that€use€would€also€have€Ïbeen€erroneous.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔThe€potential€for€serious€psychological€injury€was€certainly€present.€€However,€factorÏ(16)€is€limited€to€bodily€injury.Ì òÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔWhile€some€defense€witnesses€suggested€that€the€accusations€were€the€result€ofÏRoberson's€attempt€to€make€the€children€mind,€the€record€does€not€indicate€theÏcircumstances€under€which€the€disciplinary€incident,€if€any,€occurred.€€Standing€alone,€thisÏis€insufficient€to€establish€that€the€victim€was€entrusted€to€defendantððs€care.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔThe€trial€court€found€that€the€victim€"probably"€trusted€defendant€because€he€wasÏolder€and€because€of€his€relationship€to€her€stepfather's€niece's€boyfriend.€€The€firstÏcircumstance€would€apply€in€most€every€aggravated€sexual€battery€case€involving€a€victimÏunder€age€thirteen.€€The€second€supposition€is€too€tenuous€to€support€the€use€of€the€factor.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔNumerous€unreported€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€cases€have€adopted€reasoningÏsimilar€to€that€in€Hays.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Gary€Stinnettóó,€No.€03C01„9411„CR„00410€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€Knoxville,€June€29,€1995);€òòState€v.€Michael€R.€Kissingeróó,€No.€02C01„9402„CR„00013€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€€Dec.€21,€1994);€òòState€v.€Paul€Bensonóó,€No.Ï03C01„9307„CR„00241€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Nov.€30,€1994);€òòState€v.€RobertÏWilsonóó,€No.€03C01„9209„CR„00305€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€March€22,€1993).€ÏòòBut€seeóó€òòState€v.€Donald€C.€McCaryóó,€No.€03C01„9303„CR„00103€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€May€11,€1994).€€Ì ýÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  Ýà àÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔAn€"applicable€offense"€is€used€to€mean€one€in€which€factor€(7)€is€not€an€essentialÏà àelement.Ì 7Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€7ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R3Ø'\Ñ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€AÔWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€isÏthe€duty€of€the€appellate€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€that€theÏdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)(1991ÏRepl.).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€thatÏthe€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€ÏReview€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencingÏhearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€the€arguments€ofÏcounsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;Ï(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€hisÏown€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210€(1991€Rep.)€&€(1995€Supp.).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€7ÔÓ&€??X„d&ÓÑ#€??Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€@ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ ° ÑÑ ° ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€Ö¥XXdÖdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€AÔÔ€A¼ÔØ ØÓ&€BBX8d&Ӝـ€ÙßL€EFD;+'h|½` Å `€€Lß›à@ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OFÏTENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€€à@ àJACKSONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€€ò òòòFOR€PUBLICATIONóóó óà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àà à)à àœò òòòFiled:€April€29,€1996ó óóó›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àShelby€CountyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌMICHAEL€R.€KISSINGER,à àà à)à àHon.€Joseph€McCartie,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìandà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02S01„9504„CR„00029Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àà àà àà àÌà àà à€à àà àà àà à)à àà àÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àà à)à àHardin€CountyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€C.€Creed€McGinley,ÏJudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌGUY€PHELAN€ROBERSON,€à àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)à àÌÌà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€Appellant€Kissingeróó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌœMarti›€L.€Kaufman€à àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌMemphis,€TN€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à à€€€€€à àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà àAmy€L.€TarkingtonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àChris€CraftÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TNÌÌòòÌÌÌÌÌFor€Appellant€Robersonóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌRichard€W.€DeBerryà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌCamden,€TN€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAmy€L.€TarkingtonÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àG.€Robert€RadfordÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€Overton,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGeneralÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌòòœSTATE€V.€KISSINGERóó,€AFFIRMED;ÌòòSTATE€V.€ROBERSONóó,€REVERSEDà àà àà àà àWHITE,€J.Ìà àà àÓÓÓ` °‚X˜XÓMichael€R.€Kissinger€and€Guy€Phelan€Roberson€were€eachÏconvicted€of€one€count€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Kissinger€was€alsoÏconvicted€of€one€count€of€aggravated€rape.€€The€victims€of€each€of€theseÏcrimes€were€children€of€less€than€thirteen€years.€€In€each€case,€the€trialÏcourts€enhanced€defendantsðð€sentences›€beyond€the€minimum€in€the€rangeÏbased€on€a€number€of€factors€found€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€SectionÏ40„35„114.€€The€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€affirmed€the€convictions€ofÏboth€defendants.€€However,€in€the€òòKissingeróó€case,€a€panel€of€theÏintermediate€court€held€that€enhancement€factor€(7),€"the€offense€wasÏcommitted€to€gratify€the€defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement,"Ïwas€an€element€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€therefore,€œcould€not›€beÏused€to€enhance€convictions€for€that€offense.€€In€òòRobersonóó,€a€differentÏpanel€came€to€a€contrary€conclusion.€€ÌÌà àWe€granted€review€to€resolve€this€apparent€inconsistency€andÏto€consider€the€applicability€of€various€sentencing€factors€to€convictions€forÏoffenses€involving€child€victims.ÌÌà àà@ àò òI.ó óÌà àWe€begin€with€a€brief€recitation€of€the€facts.€€ÌÌà@ àò òA.€€òòState€v.€Kissingeróóó óÌà àIn€1990,€Michael€Kissinger,€a€forty„year€old€man€living€withÏhis€parents,€developed€a€friendly€relationship€with€the€mother€of€two€youngÏboys,€J.J.,€who€was€nine€years€old€at€the€time,€and€B.J.,€who€was€seven.× ƒG ××  ×€ÏThe€relationship€between€Kissinger€and€the€boys'€mother€was€purelyÏplatonic.× ƒH ××  ×€€Kissinger€visited€the€woman€in€her€home€and€became€goodÏfriends€with€her€two€sons€œwhom›€he€took€on€a€variety€of€outings,€frequentlyÏwith€other€neighborhood€children.€€For€about€one€month€in€the€spring€ofÏ1991,€the€boys€€lived€with€Kissinger€at€his€parents'€home.ÌÌà àAt€trial,€J.J.€and€B.J.€testified€that€Kissinger€had€rubbedÏhimself€against€their€naked€bodies€until€he€ejaculated.€€J.J.€also€testified€thatÏKissinger€had€orally€and€anally€penetrated€him.€€The€jury€found€KissingerÏguilty€of€the€aggravated€rape€of€J.J.€and€of€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€ofÏB.J.€€The€trial€judge€applied€five€enhancement€factors€to€each€conviction:€ÌÓÓà à(1)à8 àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€historyÏof€criminal€convictions€or€criminalÏbehavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriateÏrange;× ƒI ××  ×ÌÌà à(4)à8 àA€victim€of€the€offense€wasÏparticularly€vulnerable€because€ofÏage€or€physical€or€mental€disability€œ€€€€€€Ï.›€.€.€;œ× ƒJ ××  ×›ÌÌà à(7)à8 àThe€offense€involved€a€victim€andÏwas€committed€to€gratify€theÏdefendant's€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement;ÌÌà à(10)à8 àThe€defendant€had€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€€crime€when€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€was€high;ÌÌà à(15)à8 àThe€defendant€abused€a€position€of€.€.Ï.€private€trust€.€.€.€;ÌÌà à(16)à8 àThe€crime€was€committed€underÏcircumstances€under€which€theÏpotential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victimÏwas€great€.€.€.€.€ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(4),€(7),€(10),€(15),€(16)(1995€Supp.).€ÏThe€trial€court€imposed€sentences€of€twenty„five€years€on€Count€1Ï(aggravated€rape),€twelve€years€on€Count€2€(aggravated€sexual€battery),Ïand€ordered€that€defendant€serve€the€sentences€consecutively.€€ÌÌà àThe€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€affirmed€Kissinger'sÏconvictions.€€In€œits€review›€of€€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court,€theÏintermediate€court€found€that€factor€(10)€was€inapplicable€to€eitherÏconviction€as€there€was€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€a€finding€thatÏthe€offenses€posed€a€high€risk€to€human€life.€€òòId.óó€at€œ„114(10).€€T›he€courtÏalso€concluded€that€œfactor›€(7),€although€appropriately€considered€on€theÏconviction€for€aggravated€rape,€was€an€element€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€and€could€not€be€used€to€enhance€a€conviction€for€that€offense.€€òòIdóó.Ïat€œ„114(7).€€The›€court€affirmed€the€use€of€factors€(1),€(15),€and€(16).œ× ƒK ××  ×›€ÏBecause€four€remaining€enhancement€factors€applied€to€the€aggravated€rapeÍconviction€and€three€to€the€conviction€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€theÏcourt€upheld€the€imposition€of€maximum€sentences.€œÌÌ›ÌÌà@ àò òB.€€òòState€v.€Robersonóóó óÌà àGuy€Phelan€Roberson€was€originally€convicted€of€theÏaggravated€rape€of€an€eight„year€old€girl€and€was€sentenced€to€serveÏtwenty„five€years.€€The€offense€occurred€at€a€home€in€which€a€number€ofÏadults€resided,€including€the€victim's€parents€and€defendant's€adult€stepson.€ÏœOn€one€particular€evening,€Roberson,›€a€visitor€at€the€house,€planned€toÏspend€the€night€because€he€lacked€transportation€home.€€ÌÌà àAt€some€point€during€the€evening,€the€victim€and€another€childÏwere€alone€in€the€living€room€sleeping€together€on€a€couch.€€€The€victim'sÏparents€had€retired€to€another€part€of€the€house.€€The€victim's€cousin€andÏœthe›€œcousinððs€boyfriend›€had€gone€out€briefly€to€purchase€food.€€RobersonÏwas€in€the€yard€talking€to€some€men.€€ÌÌà àThe€victim€testified€that€Roberson,€who€was€then€fifty„sevenÏyears€old,€entered€the€living€room,€covered€her€and€the€other€child€with€aÍblanket,€and€then€unzipped€his€pants€and€laid€down€on€top€of€her.€€While€onÏtop€of€her,€Roberson€tried€to€pull€down€her€pants€and€touched€her€in€theÏarea€of€her€vagina€attempting€unsuccessfully€to€insert€his€finger.€€At€thatÏmoment,€the€victim€testified€that€the€couple€returned€with€the€food€andÏRoberson€went€to€the€other€couch.€€ÌÌà àThe€victim€immediately€reported€what€had€happened.€ÏRoberson€fled€but€was€later€found€hiding€in€the€barn.€€At€trial,€RobersonÏwas€convicted€of€aggravated€rape.€€On€appeal,€the€Court€of€CriminalÏAppeals€reduced€the€charge€to€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€remanded€theÏcase€for€resentencing.€€ÌÌà àAt€the€second€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€found€fiveÏstatutory€enhancement€factors:ÌÓÓà à(1)à8 àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€historyÏof€criminal€convictions€or€criminalÏbehavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriateÏrange;× ƒL ××  ×ÌÌà à(4)à8 àA€victim€was€particularly€vulnerableÏbecause€of€age€or€physical€or€mentalÏdisability€.€.€.€;ÌÌà à(6)à8 àThe€personal€injuries€inflicted€œupon€.›Ï.€.€the€victim€was€particularly€great;ÌÌà à(7)à8 àThe€offense€involved€a€victim€andÏwas€committed€to€gratify€theÏdefendant's€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement;ÌÌà à(15)à8 àThe€defendant€abused€a€position€of€.€.Ï.€€private€trust€.€.€.€;ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1),€(4),€(6),€(7),€(15)(1995€Supp.).× ƒM ××  ×€€ÏRoberson€was€sentenced€to€twelve€years,€the€maximum€possible€for€aÏRange€I€offender.€€€The€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€upheld€the€sentenceÏrejecting€Roberson's€argument€that€enhancement€factor€(7),€œthat€the€offense›Ïœwas€committed›€to€gratify€the€defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement,Ïwas€an€essential€element€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€ÌœÌ›Ìà@ àò òII.Ìó óà àCombined,€these€cases€involved€the€use€of€seven€differentÏfactors€to€enhance€defendants'€sentences.€€Neither€defendant€questions€theÏappropriateness€of€€enhancement€factor€(1)€pertaining€to€prior€criminalÏhistory.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)(1995€Supp.).€€Therefore,€weÏdecline€to€discuss€this€factor€and€affirm€its€use€in€both€cases.ÌÌà àIn€the€òòRobersonóó€case,€the€state€concedes€that€factors€(4)€and€(6)Ïwere€not€properly€applied.€€Further,€the€state€does€not€disagree€with€theÏCourt€of€Criminal€Appeals'€finding€in€òòKissingeróó€that€factor€(10)€was€notÏsupported€by€sufficient€evidence.€€Since,€however,€the€Court€of€CriminalÏAppeals€considered€the€use€of€those€factors,€we€address€them€briefly€inÏsections€A€and€B€below.€€€Moreover,€although€Kissinger€does€not€challengeÏthe€use€of€factor€(16),€that€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstancesÏunder€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€was€great,€we€will€consider€thatÏfactor€also€since€the€state€has€raised€the€issue€in€conjunction€with€factorÏ(10).ÌÌà àBoth€appellants€challenge€the€use€of€factor€(15).€€We€discussÏthose€issues€in€section€C.€€Finally,€both€appellants€raise€important€questionsÏconcerning€the€use€of€enhancement€factor€(7)€in€cases€of€aggravated€rapeÏand€aggravated€sexual€battery€as€defined€by€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏSection€39„13„504€and€502(a).€€Factor€(7)€is€the€subject€of€section€D.ÌÌÌÌò òà@ àA.ÓÓÌà@ àEnhancement€Factors€(4)€and€(6)ÌÌà@ à1.€€Factor€(4)Ìó óÌÓÓà àAs€the€state€acknowledges,€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsÏerred€in€applying€enhancement€factor€(4)€to€enhance€Roberson's€sentence.× ƒN ××  ×€€ÏFactor€(4)€permits€sentence€enhancement€upon€a€finding€that€a€€victim€wasÏparticularly€vulnerable€because€of€age€or€physical€or€mental€disability.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(4)(1995€Supp.).€€In€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€31€(Tenn.€1993),€we€held€that€although€age€is€an€element€of€theÏoffense€of€aggravated€rape€involving€a€child€under€the€age€of€thirteen,Ïfactor€(4)€may€be€used€if€"circumstances€show€that€the€victim,€because€ofÏ[the€victim's]€age€or€physical€or€mental€condition,€was€in€fact,€particularlyÏvulnerable."€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€874€S.W.2d€at€35.€€Thus,€the€factor€may€beÏused€to€enhance€sentences€when€a€victim's€natural€physical€and€mentalÏlimitations€renders€the€victim€particularly€vulnerable€for€his€or€her€ageÏbecause€of€€an€inability€to€resist,€a€difficulty€in€calling€for€help,€or€aÏdifficulty€in€testifying€against€the€perpetrator.€€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2dÏ175,€185,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€ÌÌà àThis€rationale€applies€to€aggravated€sexual€battery€convictionsÏinvolving€a€victim€under€the€age€of€thirteen€as€well.€€In€Roberson's€case,Ïproof€established€that€the€victim€was€eight€years€old,€but€that€she€resisted,Ïthat€she€immediately€summoned€help,€and€that€she€testified€as€a€competentÏwitness€at€trial.€€No€particular€vulnerability€was€shown.€€Having€establishedÏonly€the€victim's€age,€which€was€an€essential€element€of€the€offense,€theÏcourt€could€not€rely€on€factor€(4)€to€enhance€the€sentence.ÌÌà@ àò ò2.€€Factor€(6)ó óÌà àLikewise,€as€the€state€conceded,€the€use€of€factor€(6)€wasÏinappropriate€in€Roberson's€case.€€That€factor,€by€its€terms,€requires€theÏinfliction€of€"particularly€great"€personal€injuries.€€Every€rape€or€sexualÏbattery€offense€is€physically€and€mentally€injurious€to€the€victim.€ÏUndoubtedly,€the€legislature€considered€the€traumatizing€nature€of€theÏoffenses€when€it€placed€them€in€the€two€highest€felony€classifications.€ÏBefore€a€court€can€enhance€the€otherwise€applicable€œsentence,›€however,€theÏrecord€must€support€a€finding€that€the€personal€injures€were€particularlyÏgreat.€€In€such€rape€and€sexual€battery€cases,€the€factor€can€be€applied.€€AsÏthe€state€has€conceded,€no€evidence€in€the€òòRobersonóó€case€establishes€that€theÏphysical€or€mental€injuries€were€particularly€great.€€The€state€did€not€offerÏany€medical€or€psychological€proof,€the€witnesses€detailed€no€specificÍinjuries,€and€the€court€found€only€that€the€victim€had€experiencedÏ"emotional€trauma."ÌÌà àNeither€factor€(4)€or€(6)€should€have€been€used€to€enhanceÏRoberson's€sentence.€€ÌœÌÌÌÌ›ÌÓÓò òà@ àB.Ìà@ àEnhancement€Factors€(10)€and€(16)ÌÌà@ à1.€€Factor€(10)Ìó óÌÓÓà àIn€Kissinger's€case,€the€trial€court€applied€factors€(10)€andÏ(16),€both€of€which€focus€on€circumstances€which€might€have€resultedÏfrom€the€offense.€€The€appellate€court€found€no€evidence€to€supportÏenhancement€factor€(10).€€We€agree.ÌÌà àThat€factor€allows€enhancement€when€a€defendant€has€noÏhesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10)(1995€Supp.).€€The€trial€judge€appliedÍthe€factor,€not€based€on€any€evidence€in€this€case,€but€generically,Ïconcluding€that€"many€murders€[are]€committed€during€the€course€ofÏrape."€€While€the€trial€judge's€conclusion€may€be€true,€that€fact,€implicit€inÏthe€very€serious€nature€of€the€offenses,€has€been€considered€by€theÏlegislature€in€classifying€the€offenses€by€degree€of€seriousness.€ÏEnhancement€factors€are€not€intended€to€allow€sentence€adjustments€basedÏon€the€general€nature€of€the€offense.€€Rather,€they€are€to€be€based€on€theÏspecific€evidence€in€the€record€regarding€the€offense€and€the€offender.€ÏConsequently,€we€concur€with€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals'Ïdetermination€that€enhancement€factor€(10)€was€not€established€on€thisÏrecord€and€should€not€have€been€considered.€€ÌÌà@ àò ò2.€€Factor€(16)ó óÌà àKissinger€challenges€the€applicability€of€factor€(16)€whichÏallows€enhancement€if€the€offense€was€committed€under€circumstances€withÏgreat€potential€for€bodily€injury.€€The€proof€shows€that€Kissinger€rubbedÏagainst€B.J.'s€naked€body€and€orally€and€anally€penetrated€J.J.,€a€nine„yearÏold€boy.€€While€anal€penetration€can€create€the€potential€for€bodily€injury,Ïno€particular€evidence€suggests€that€the€potential€was€great€in€this€case.€ÏThe€record€contains€no€evidence€to€suggest€that€Kissinger€ever€threatenedÏto€harm€the€boys€or€that€they€were€fearful€of€him.€€Apparently€they€wentÍwith€him€willingly€and€when€they€learned€they€were€to€return€to€theirÏmother's€care,€they€expressed€the€desire€to€remain€at€Kissinger's€parents'Ïhome.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€do€not€find€that€the€potential€forÏbodily€injury€was€especially€great€and€accord€little€weight€to€this€factor.× ƒO ××  ×€€ÌÌÓÓà@ àò òC.ó óÌà@ àò òEnhancement€Factor€(15)ó óà àÌÌÓÓà àFactor€(15)€allows€a€sentence€to€be€enhanced€when€defendantÏabuses€a€position€of€public€or€private€trust.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114Ï(15)(1995€Supp.).€€As€such,€application€of€the€factor€requires€a€finding,Ïfirst,€that€defendant€occupied€a€position€of€trust,€either€public€or€private.€ÏThe€position€of€parent,€step„parent,€babysitter,€teacher,€coach€are€but€a€fewÏobvious€examples.€€The€determination€of€the€existence€of€a€position€of€trustÏdoes€not€depend€on€the€length€or€formality€of€the€relationship,€but€upon€theÏnature€of€the€relationship.€€Thus,€the€court€should€look€to€see€whether€theÏoffender€formally€or€informally€stood€in€a€relationship€to€the€victim€thatÏpromoted€confidence,€reliability,€or€faith.€€If€the€evidence€supports€thatÏfinding,€then€the€court€must€determine€whether€the€position€occupied€wasÏabused€by€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€Ordinarily,€only€the€firstÏquestion€will€pose€a€difficulty€for€the€court.€€Both€Kissinger's€andÍRoberson's€sentences€were€enhanced€based€on€a€violation€of€a€private€trust.€ÏThe€distinctions€in€the€evidence€in€the€two€cases€illustrates€vividly€theÏnature€of€enhancement€factor€(15).ÌÌà àKissinger€clearly€occupied€a€position€of€trust.€€He€had€a€longÏfriendship€with€the€victims'€mother.€€She€entrusted€him€with€the€care€of€theÏtwo€boys,€first,€for€short€ventures€with€other€children,€and€eventually,€forÏa€longer€period€as€they€lived€in€his€parents'€home.€€In€many€ways,ÏKissinger€was€a€surrogate€father€to€the€boys,€trusted€by€their€custodialÏparent€to€care€for€and€protect€them.€€Instead,€he€abused€that€trust.€€FactorÏ(15)€is€appropriately€used€to€enhance€both€of€Kissinger's€sentences.ÌÌà àConversely,€Roberson€was€a€casual€visitor€in€a€house€in€whichÏthe€victim€and€her€parents€resided.€€His€son€was€the€victim's€step„father'sÏniece's€boyfriend.€€No€proof€suggests€that€he€visited€frequently€or€that€theÏvictim€or€other€children€at€the€home€were€placed€in€his€care.× ƒP ××  ×€€The€victimÏwas€put€to€bed€on€the€living€room€couch€while€defendant€was€outside.€€HerÏparents€were€in€a€nearby€room,€waiting€for€the€niece€and€her€boyfriend€toÍreturn€with€food.€€Although€the€victim€testified€that€she€was€acquaintedÏwith€Roberson,€nothing€demonstrates€that€he€occupied€any€relationship€toÏher€that€promoted€confidence,€reliability,€or€faith€in€him.€€The€fact€that€anÏoffender€is€older€than€the€victim€or€that€the€offender€is€an€adult€and€theÏvictim€is€a€child€is€insufficient€without€more€to€establish€a€position€ofÏtrust.× ƒR ××  ×€€Factor€(15)€should€not€have€been€used€to€enhance€Roberson'sÏsentence.€€ÌÌÓÓà@ àò òD.Ìà@ àEnhancement€Factor€(7)ó óÌÌÓÓà àNext€we€turn€our€attention€to€the€application€of€enhancementÏfactor€(7),€the€one€about€which€the€different€intermediate€court€panels€hadÏconflicting€opinions.€€Enhancement€factor€(7)€allows€sentence€enhancementÏfor€offenses€involving€victims€when€the€offense€"was€ò òcommittedó ó€toÏgratify€the€defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement."€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(7)(1995€Supp.)(emphasis€added).€€ÌÌà àA€necessary€element€of€sexual€battery,€aggravated€or€not,€isÏsexual€contact.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(1991€Repl.).€€SexualÍcontact€is€"intentional€touching€.€.€.€if€that€intentional€touching€can€beÏreasonably€construed€as€being€ò òfor€the€purpose€of€sexual€arousal€orÏgratificationó ó."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„13„501(6)(1991€Repl.)(emphasisÏadded).€€Rape,€on€the€other€hand,€requires€sexual€penetration,€not€sexualÏcontact.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502,€„503€(1991€Repl.).€€Unlike€sexualÏcontact,€sexual€penetration,€as€defined€in€our€Code,€has€no€motiveÏcomponent.€€Stated€otherwise,€a€rape€committed€to€abuse€or€harm€is€no€lessÏa€rape€than€a€rape€which€is€sexually€motivated.€€It€follows€that€enhancementÏfactor€(7),€though€essential€to€a€finding€of€sexual€battery€or€aggravatedÏsexual€battery,€is€not€an€element€of€rape€or€aggravated€rape€and,€therefore,Ïmay€be€used€as€an€enhancement€factor€in€appropriate€cases.€€ÌÌà àWe€have€held€that€a€sexually€motivated€rape€is€committed€toÏgratify€a€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2dÏ31,€€35€(Tenn.€1993).€€Conversely,€sexual€battery€requires€that€the€touchingÏbe€for€the€purpose€of€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.€€Thus,€the€offenseÏnecessarily€includes€the€intent€to€gratify€a€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement.€€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€185€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),Ïòòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòappealóóòòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).× ƒS ××  ×€€Since€the€factor€is€an€essentialÍelement€of€the€offense,€it€cannot€be€used€to€enhance€the€sentences€of€sexualÏbattery€and€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114Ï(1995€Supp.).€€Accordingly,€it€was€improper€to€use€the€factor€to€enhanceÏRoberson's€aggravated€sexual€battery€conviction.€€ÌÌà àAs€to€Kissinger,€a€different€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€panelÏrefused€to€apply€factor€(7)€to€his€aggravated€sexual€battery€conviction,€butÏapplied€the€factor€to€his€aggravated€rape€conviction€based€solely€on€the€factÏthat€he€"attained€sexual€orgasm"€€in€committing€the€crimes.€€The€courtÏreasoned€that€"in€the€absence€of€proof€of€violence€or€proof€that€appellant'sÏactions€were€motivated€by€hate,€revenge€or€another€non„sexual€motive,€weÏconclude€that€the€record€supports€that€trial€court's€finding."ÌÌà àThus,€the€court€deemed€proof€of€orgasm,€in€the€absence€ofÏproof€of€some€non„sexual€motivation,€to€be€sufficient€to€establish€that€theÏoffense€"was€committed"€to€satisfy€defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement.€€We€disagree€with€the€court's€rationale€in€several€particulars.€€ÌÌà àFirst,€and€foremost,€the€analysis€suggests€that€factor€(7)€isÏapplicable€only€when€a€defendant€rapes€for€a€singular€purposes,€thatÏpurpose€being€to€gratify€his€or€her€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€ByÏsuggesting€that€the€presence€of€some€other€motive€„€hate,€revenge,€or€someÏnon„sexual€motive€„€would€negate€the€application€of€factor€(7),€the€courtÏwrongly€establishes€a€single€motive€test€not€present€in€the€language€orÏhistory€of€factor€(7).ÌÌà àThe€focus€of€factor€(7)€is€on€defendant's€motive€for€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.€€The€motive€need€not€be€singular€for€the€factorÏto€apply,€so€long€as€defendant€is€motivated€by€defendant's€desire€forÏpleasure€or€excitement.€€Thus,€factor€(7)€could€be€used€to€enhance€aÏdefendant's€sentence€who€raped€an€ex„lover€out€of€spite€and€hatred€ò òandó ó€forÏthe€purpose€of€satisfying€sexual€urges.€€Clearly,€the€state€need€not€prove€aÏsingular€motive€for€the€offense€to€rely€on€factor€(7)€in€the€appropriateÏcase.ÌÌà àSecondly,€the€state€need€not€prove€a€sexual€motive€for€theÏoffense€to€be€enhanced€based€on€factor€(7).€€The€enhancement€factor€is€notÏbased€on€sexual€desire,€sexual€pleasure,€or€sexual€gratification.€€It€appliesÍanytime€an€offender€commits€an€applicable€offense× ƒT ××  ×€to€gratify€theÏoffender's€desire€for€œany€pleasure›€or€any€excitement.€€While€that€pleasureÏor€excitement€may€be€of€a€sexual€nature,€it€does€not€have€to€be.€€Therefore,Ïan€offender€who€is€motivated€to€rape€by€his€or€her€desire€to€overpower€orÏbrutalize,€when€that€desire€creates€pleasure€or€excitement€for€the€offender,Ïmay€suffer€a€factor€(7)€sentence€enhancement.€€Moreover,€factor€(7)€mayÏbe€used€to€enhance€sentences€for€offenses€that€are€not€of€a€sexual€nature.€ÏAn€offender€who€steals€because€of€a€pleasure€experienced€in€"not€gettingÏcaught;"€an€arsonist€who€burns€houses€due€to€the€excitement€that€watchingÏfire€brings;€an€assaulter€who€breaks€an€arm€to€hear€the€victim€beg€forÏœmercy€„„€all›€may€have€their€sentences€enhanced€under€factor€(7)€providingÏthe€state€produces€proof€of€the€factor.ÌÌà àLastly,€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals'€conclusion€that€the€factÏthat€an€offender€experienced€orgasm€is€sufficient,€standing€alone,€for€theÏapplication€of€factor€(7)€is€an€incorrect€conclusion.€€The€essence€of€factorÏ(7)€is€the€legislative€determination€that€those€who€are€motivated€to€commitÏa€crime€to€gratify€their€own€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement€should€beÍpunished€more€severely€than€those€who€are€not.€€The€focus€is€the€offender'sÏmotive,€not€the€eventual€result.ÌÌà àThe€fact€that€one€attains€orgasm€is€a€result€of€sexual€behavior.€ÏThe€desire€to€achieve€orgasm€may€motivate€an€offender€to€rape.€€But€theÏmotivating€desire€and€the€actual€result€are€not€the€same.€€That€orgasm€didÏor€did€not€occur€is€simply€one€factor€a€court€may€consider€in€determiningÏwhether€the€offender€committed€the€offense€to€gratify€the€offender's€desireÏfor€pleasure€or€excitement.€€That€an€offender€experienced€orgasm€does€notÏin€and€of€itself€prove€the€existence€of€the€factor.€€Likewise,€that€orgasm€didÏnot€occur€does€not€necessarily€negate€the€finding.ÌÌà àEnhancement€factor€(7),€unlike€most€of€the€other€sentencingÏfactors,€calls€into€question€a€defendantððs€reasons€for€committing€a€crime.€ÏHuman€motivation€is€a€tangled€web,€always€complex€and€multifaceted.Ô% €6 Ô€€ToÏprove€defendant's€motives€will€always€be€a€difficult€task.€€But€theÏlegislature,€in€its€wisdom,€has€placed€that€obligation€on€the€state€when€theÏstate€seeks€an€enhanced€sentence.€€ÌÌà àWe€conclude€that€the€single,€isolated€fact€of€orgasm€isÏinsufficient€to€justify€any€conclusion€concerning€the€motivation€for€a€rape.ÌIt€must€be€viewed€along€with€all€the€other€circumstances€in€the€case.€€InÏKissingerððs€case,€the€record€contains€no€proof€beyond€the€emission€ofÏsemen€to€indicate€his€motivation.€€We€cannot€conclude€that€defendantÏcommitted€rape€to€gratify€his€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement€simplyÏbecause€the€record€shows€that€he€ejaculated€and€that€he€did€not€act€out€ofÏhatred€or€revenge.ÌÌÌœÌò òà@ àIII.ó ó›Ìà@ àò òConclusionó óÌà àKissinger€was€sentenced€to€serve€twenty„five€years€forÏaggravated€rape€and€twelve€years€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€theÏmaximum€sentences€for€Range€I€offenders.€€Roberson€also€received€theÏmaximum€sentence€of€twelve€years€for€his€aggravated€sexual€batteryÏconviction.€€We€have€thoroughly€examined€the€record€in€each€case€andÍgiven€careful€consideration€to€the€statutory€sentencing€requirements.× ƒU ××  ×€€WeÏsummarize€our€conclusions€below.ÌÌà@ àò òA.€€œòòState€v.€Kissingeró óóóÌà àThe€record€supports€the€application€of€enhancement€factorsÏ(1),›€œ(15),›€and€œ(16)›€to€both€of€Kissingerððs€convictions.€€Although€we€giveÏlittle€weight€to€factor€œ(16)›(great€potential€for€bodily€injury),€the€remainingÏtwo€factors€are€entitled€to€great€weight.€€Kissinger€has€a€previous€historyÏof€sexual€offenses.€€He€thrust€himself€into€a€position€of€trust€with€aÏvulnerable€family€and€abused€the€relationship€he€established€with€twoÏyoung€boys€obvious€desirous€of€an€appropriate€relationship€with€him.€€TheÏrecord€fully€supports€œconsecutive€sentences›€of€twenty„five€and€twelveÏyears.€€We€affirm€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ àò òB.€€œó óòòò òState€v.€Robersonó óóóÌà àThe€record€supports€a€single€enhancement€factor€in€RobersonððsÏcase.€€He€has€two€prior€convictions,€one€for€the€statutory€rape€of€hisÏteenage›€daughter€œand€the›€other,€a€misdemeanor€conviction,€for€simpleÏpossession€of€marijuana.€€In€the€absence€of€any€other€enhancement€factors,Ïwe€modify€Roberson's€sentence€to€ten€years€and€remand€his€case€to€theÏHardin€County€Criminal€Court€for€proceedings€consistent€with€thisÏopinion.€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà à___________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àPenny€J.€œWhite,€Justice›ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌœAnderson,›€C.J.ÌœDrowota,›€Reid,€Birch,€œJ.J.›ÌÌÌ€Ì