WPC1 z;u eSgw#ȴsYH[-;` &.69BG; :VÆ 6.$>cs UF9Ei-Z9Sr# Ѕ)6#R[xP|| EuZF3I tAXvMx 5~0r;\.W~Z$8';jxL<vs,ӐH "#t!ǃ@ϊSs|e̖q}DLX\M$k!6$h$[GvxL\g&J.?Y>v+8CS|mgo#2W٤AձY0#v 7SUP+~  7\e,}OZ\05`Iq _F *# L %W] 0(^w4"U&:1kU&:sU: 0 0D^O U:a U: { 1mP 0c 0D UNddddddd B AQ  0D 0D* 0Dnn D/ B D3HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLhX ""  X<XXXY XX<   Ad FILEDX<X Y  June7,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdAh ($|-}-P~--D---H-P-H--E--E--D-H--D-H--Ӏ-s~&3|x-,cAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular"Arial Regular(v(2^$ !  X<XXXCXX<4   0  (#$  0   T  =$XXXXЍXX4   1    ЍЍԀSeeTenn.CodeAnn.392203(i)(2),(3),and(7)(1982)[nowTenn.CodeAnn.39-13  204(i)(2),(3),and(7)(1997)].   =$XXXXЍXX4   3    Indeed,thedissentcitesexamplesofcasesinwhichthenumberofpriorconvictions  supportingtheaggravatingcircumstancewasgreaterandtheconductresultingintheconvictionwasmoreegregious.SeeStatev.Smith,893S.W.2d908,926(Tenn.1994);Statev.Cazes,875  S.W.2d253,270(Tenn.1994).,cAZ"Arial Regular,  AZ"Arial Regular q  =$XXXXЍXX4   2    Thedefendantwassentencedtotwoyearsinthestatepenitentiaryandtenyears  probationonthekidnappingconviction.Hereceivedninemonthsprobationontheattemptedrobberyconviction.#5e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3$25e  0  .3  0  (3$ !  (hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular d!"#$&C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  ((' dxdP Pd'dxd !  4   X<XXX     4XX7  XXdd7". US // - : - .--TR[A'Legal Manual3'A' Legal3'T--r )<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxP,  r------@MMDINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE-t )>.*jxt` `@Eb` 8ttxP t tߛ-@)DATNASHVILLE   <      D   FORPUBLICATION   ~    <      D   Filed:򀀀 June7,1999 T$T$MT$  X P ̜-TOMMYL.KING,-- <   --t-STATEOFTENNESSEE,t--   D )X<XX X<  MAURYCRIMINAL# X<XXX<#        <      D ) -Defend---nat/---ant------/Appellant,--v-Plaintiff/v-x-Appellee,x--  - D - D )      <      D )   <      D )vs.   <      D )X<XX X<  HON.JAMESWEATHERFORD,# X<XXX<# ZR    <      D )X<XX X<    JUDGE# X<XXX<# @8    <      D )̜-STATEOFTENNESSEE,--{-TOMMYL.KING,{---}-  }--|-STATEOFTENNESSEE,|-     D )      <      D ) -~-Defendant/Appellant.~---Plaintiff/Appellee.  --Plaintiff/Appellee.  -   D )X<XX X<ԛ  No.01S019707CC00146# X<XXXXXX X    PriorViolentFelonyConvictions k- x3p,0 k- ? Kingadmitsthathehasbeenpreviouslyconvictedoftwoviolentfelonies,kidnappingandattemptedrobbery.He,however,arguesthatthesubstanceand 926 persuasivenessoftheseconvictionsareweak# XXXX>#XXX XԀbecausehisconductin  committingtheoffenseswasnotegregious.Thedefendant'sargumentispremisedonhisassertionsthat:(1)thekidnappingconvictionmerelyresultedfromaminordomesticdispute;and(2)hisattemptedrobberyconvictionresultedfromacriminalepisodeinwhichhisinvolvementwasminimal.Thedefendantfurtherarguesthattherelativelylightsentenceshereceivedonboththekidnappingandtheattemptedrobberyconvictions# XXXX@#XXX XԀshowweaknessofthis   aggravatingcircumstance.  #  2      ׀# XXXXB#XXX XFinally,thedefendantstatesthathisargumentis   supportedbythisCourtspriordescriptionoftheproofsupportingthisaggravatingcircumstanceas marginal.SeeStatev.King,694S.W.2d941,  944(Tenn.1985)(stating"[e]veniftheproofastothisaggravatingcircumstanceweremarginal....").# XXXXC#XXX X Wedisagreewiththedefendantsanalysis.Themerefactthatthevictim  ofakidnappingiseitheraspouseoraformerspousedoesnotdecreasethemagnitudeorsubstanceandpersuasivenessofthatcrime.Domesticviolenceisaseriousproblemplaguingoursocietythatshouldnotbeminimized.# XXXXAE#XXX XMoreover, $  themerefactthatKing'sattemptedrobberyconvictionstemmedfromanincidentinvolvingthreeotherindividualsdoesnotminimizetheseriousnessoftheconviction.# XXXXF#XXX XԀWhilethesentencesimposedfortheseconvictionswerenot *#& extremelysevere,wenotethatatleastoneofthesentencesresultedfromanegotiatedpleaagreement.# XXXXG#XXX X -&* Ѐ# XXXXH# /(,  AtthetimeofKingssentencinghearing,aggravatingcircumstance(i)(2)appliediftheproofintroducedbytheStatedemonstratedbeyondareasonabledoubtthat"[t]hedefendantwaspreviouslyconvictedofone(1)ormorefelonies,  5.2 otherthanthepresentcharge,whichinvolvedtheuseorthreatofviolencetotheperson."Tenn.CodeAnn.392203(i)(2)(1982Repl.).ThejuryheardevidencefromboththeStateandthedefendantregardingthecircumstancesofthesepriorconvictions.Thejuryfoundtheproofsufficienttosupportthisaggravatingcircumstancebeyondareasonabledoubt,andthisCourtaffirmedthatfindinginKingsdirectappeal. Uponreview,wehavenotreweighedtheproof.Wehave,consistentwithHowell,consideredtheevidencethatwasbeforethejuryatthetimeitimposed  thesentenceofdeath.XXX XWehaveconsideredtheproofsupportingthis  aggravatingcircumstance.Wehavealsoconsideredthedefendantsstatementsdirectedatdepreciatingtheseriousnessofhispriorkidnappingandpriorattemptedrobberyconvictions.Thedefendantsstatementsarebestcategorizedasmitigatingproofthatthejurycouldhaveusedtoweighagainstitsfindingsofthevalidaggravatingcircumstances.# XXXXL#XXX XԀTheconductunderlyingthe   defendantspriorconvictionsmaybelessegregiousthantheconductunderlyingthepriorconvictionsofotherdefendantswhohaveappearedbeforethisCourt.  #  3      ׀ $  Weemphasize,however,thatHowelldoesnotrequireustoconducta `&X" comparativereviewindeterminingthesubstanceandpersuasivenessoftheremainingvalidaggravatingcircumstances.Instead,wemustconsidertherecordinthiscasetheevidenceactuallypresentedtothejuryinlightofthefactorsenumeratedinHowell.Wemustthendeterminewhetherthesentence -&* wouldhavebeenthesamehadthejurygivennoweighttotheinvalidaggravatingcircumstance.WehavefollowedtheanalysisdelineatedinHowell p1h*. andconcludethat,inthiscase,thepriorviolentfelonyconvictionaggravatingcircumstanceisbothobjectivelyreliableandamplysupportedbytheproof.# XXXXN#XXX X  5.2 Ї  # XXXX0S#XXX X@$DRiskofDeathtoOthers # XXXXS#XXX XԈ   Thejuryfoundthatthedefendant'sconductinmurderingthevictim"createdagreatriskofdeathtotwo(2)ormorepersons,otherthanthevictimmurdered,duringtheactofmurder."Tenn.CodeAnn.392203(i)(3)(1982).Thedefendantenteredatavernandfiredashotintotheair.Heorderedthepatronsatgunpointtoliedownonthefloor.Heshotandkilledthetavernowner,whowaslyingonthefloor.Uponleaving,thedefendantencounteredanotherwomanoutsidethetavern.Heorderedheratgunpointtoliedownontheground.Itwasfortunatethatotherswereneitherkillednorwoundedduringthisrobberyasatleasttwoshotswerefiredwithintheconfinesofacrowdedtavern. Again,weareunpersuadedbythedefendantsargumentthattheevidencesupportingthisaggravatorislackinginsubstanceorpersuasivenessandshouldsomehowbegivenlessweight.Thosepersonsorderedtolieonthetavernfloorheardthedefendantthreaten:"Weoughttojustkillyouanyhow"and"Let'skillthemall"andweretold,"[D]on'tevenraiseyourheadupaninch.Ifyoudo...Iwilljustblowyourbrainsout."Atleasttwoshotsweredischargedbythedefendantinacrowdedtavern.Whilenoadditionalvictimswereshot,thethreattotheirliveswasveryreal.Weagainn-wen-concludethatthissecondremainingvalidaggravatingcircumstanceisclearlysupportedbyobjectivelyreliableproof.   ARGUMENTANDEVIDENCE  /(, Z ThedefendantlistsseveralinstancesinwhichtheStatementionedtherobberyduringargumentatthesentencingphaseofthetrial.Accordingtothe defendant,thisshowsthatundueemphasiswasplacedontheinvalidfelony 704 murderaggravatingcircumstance.Wedisagreewiththedefendant'sassessment.  WehavecarefullyreviewedtheState'sargument.TheStatedidnotintroduceanyadditionalevidenceinsupportoftheinvalidfelonymurderaggravatingcircumstanceduringthesentencinghearing.Takenasawhole,the @8  State'sargumentdidnotemphasizethefelonymurderaggravatingcircumstance.TheState'sargumentsimplyremindedthejuryofthefactsofthecase,thecircumstancesoftheoffense,thedefendant'sversionoftheevents,andtheevidenceimpeachingtheveracityofthedefendant'sversion.WeholdthattheStatedidnotplaceundueemphasisonthefelonymurderaggravatingcircumstance.    MITIGATINGEVIDENCE   M^ Wefindlittleornomitigatingproofuponcarefulexaminationoftherecord.Thedefendantisanextremelypoorcandidateforrehabilitation.Hehasbeenconvictedoffivepriorfelonies.Hehasahistoryofviolatingprobation,andhispresentcrimeswerecommittedwhilehewasonprobation.Heshowedlittleornoremorseandrefusedtoacceptresponsibilityforhisactions.Moreover,heattemptedtoblamethevictimforhisactions.SeeKing,694S.W.2dat944 +$( ("Verylittlewasofferedbywayofmitigatingcircumstancesotherthanthe[defendant's]insistencethathewasmorallyjustifiedinhisactionsbecause[thevictim]hadrefusedtopayhimformerchandiseandhisinsistencethattheshootingwasaccidental."). Therecorddoesindicatethatthedefendantwasthirtytwoyearsoldatthetimeofhistrial,hadpreviouslybeenmarried,andhadathreeyearoldchild. 816 Thedefendanthadpreviouslyworkedasaninsurancesalesman,acook,andabricklayer.These,circumstances,however,offerlittleinmitigation.    CONCLUSION    c Wefindtworemainingvalidaggravatingcircumstancesandeithernomitigatingcircumstancesormitigatingcircumstancesofnominalweight.Wefindthattheprosecutor'sargumentdidnotemphasizetheinvalidaggravatingcircumstanceandnoadditionalevidencewasintroducedtosupporttheinvalidcircumstance.Accordingly,weaffirmtheCourtofCriminalAppealsjudgmentandholdthatbeyondareasonabledoubtthejurywouldhaveimposedasentenceofdeathabsentconsiderationoftheinvalidfelonymurderaggravatingϜcircumstance.o-Io-p-o-yto-p-q-tappearingthatthedefendantisindigent,thecostsofthisappealaretaxedtotheState,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary.q-# XXXX T#ԛ     <      D T$T$MT$ $     <      D JANICEM.HOLDER,JUSTICE Concurring:  4),"% ̜DrowotaandBarker,J.J.̛̜̜ ConcurringandDissenting:  -&* Anderson,C.J.-񀄀SeeseparateConcurring/DissentingOpinion-Birch,J.