WPC. 26qf#=or M`8iÝ[`&(&X͂[ZQK|GT/⸈4O=pmt F7ה X|'H~4lX+lxDH3]gK uz>Vd%ڳ,+<:(Dc$czxS`HCdWN'.|SxprxZ$} z^SYG5L3 5wgI!S;jwx.8K}TG@|ވM m1,@'wK<"}m/: ?w 哲&( l[uՌExku);kt a+e![%d#!xUN % 0w 4  U F 0( 0D;    A U!FK K K K K UF UF  m 0@2 Br 0c 1uSggggggg9rZ #$$&&&((((((( 72)N)b)U:F+^ ++++++ 0+ D5w,w,w,w,w, AQ,, 0- 0D.HP LaserJet 8000 DN PS0(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(ܜ$ XX3XXX73XXdXXd7    {Z=', 3|x<Q 9Z .Courier New Regular((3($ ܜ! XX XXX8 XXdd8      `   0  (#$  0     $XXXXX   `   2    Tenn.CodeAnn.3913506(1997).    $XXXXX   `   1    Duetotheageofthecomplainantandthenatureofthe   offense,weidentifybyherinitialsonly.<4 9Z .Courier New Regular.Courier New Regular4.Courier New Regular   $XXXXX   `   3    XXXXTenn.CodeAnn.3916402(1997).#XXXX# U2c0Quick ""0  d(;3$2#  0  .3  0  ##37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) I   $XXXXX   `   11    XXXXAccordingtotheopinion,thedefendantwasafirsttime   offenderconvictedofvehicularhomicideandvehicularassault b  afteradrunkdrivingaccident.Id.at#XXXX#XXXX934.Thedefendants 8  erraticbehavioraroundthetimeoftheaccident,however,was    attributedtoamanicdepressivedisorderwhichwasundercontrol   bymedicationbythetimeofsentencing.Id.at937.XX b  ###XX#   $XXXXX   `   9    XXXXTenn.CodeAnn.4035103(2)(1997).#XXXX#    $XXXXX   `   12    XXXXExpungementremovesfromcertainofficialrecordsinformation   relatingtothedefendantsarrest,indictment,trial,findingof b  guilt,anddismissalanddischarge.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035313(a) 8  (2)(b)(Supp.1998).#XXXX#    $XXXXX   `   13    SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035306(1997)(Splitconfinement   Probationfollowingpartialserviceofsentence).    $XXXXX   `   14    XXXXUnderthisformofdiversion,adefendantsconvictionis   dismissedandtherecordexpungeduponsuccessfulcompletionofthe b  conditionsimposedbythetrialcourt.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035313 8  (Supp.1998).#XXXX# /   $XXXXX   `   15    Tosustainthedenialofprobationbasedsolelyuponthe   natureoftheoffense,thecriminalact,ascommitted,mustbe b  especiallyviolent,horrifying,shocking,reprehensible, 8  offensive,orotherwiseofanexcessiveorexaggerateddegree,and   thenatureoftheoffensemustoutweighallfactorsfavoring  X probation.Statev.Cleavor,691S.W.2d541,54344(Tenn. . 1985)(quotingStatev.Travis,622S.W.2d529(Tenn.1981)).To  sustainadenialofprobationbasedonitssuitabilityfor f providingdeterrence,the findingofdeterrencecannotbe <  conclusoryonlybutmustbesupportedbyproof.Davis,940S.W.2d   at560(quotingStatev.Ashby,823S.W.2d166,170(Tenn.1991)). h   $XXXXX   `   4    Thefactthatthisrelationshipalsoledtotheconvictions   forofficialmisconductisirrelevantforpurposesofconsecutive b  sentencing.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(1997)prohibitstheuse 8  ofan essentialelementoftheoffenseasanenhancementfactor.   However,nosuchprohibitionisfoundconcerningconsecutive  X sentencingunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035115.    $XXXXX   `   5    XXXXThevictimimpactstatementincludedthefollowingassertion   byE.S.: b  8 ` Iwasachildof16;Ididnthaveanyoneelseatthat   timeso[thedefendant]usedhispositionabovemeto  X sleepwithme,andmanagedtomakemebelieveitwasall .  myfaultandIwasabadpersonandneededwhatwas   comingtowardmewithbeingsentoff.#XXXX#    $XXXXX   `   6    XXXXBythetimeofsentencing,E.S.hadundergonecounselingand   continuedtosufferfromsleeplessnessandotheremotionalproblems b  resultingfromLanesacts.#XXXX#    $XXXXX   `   7    Lanewasnotadjudicateda dangerousoffenderasdefined   underTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(4).However,theappellate b  courtwentontofindthatevenifthereasoningofWilkersondid 8  applytothesentencingofthisdefendant,consecutivesentencing    wasappropriateinthiscase.    $XXXXX   `   10    XXXXThedefendantsconductindicatednoregardforhumanlife   andnohesitationbeforecommittingacrimeinwhichtheriskto b  humanlifewashigh.Wilkerson,905S.W.2dat#XXXX#XXXX93738.#XXXX#   $XXXXX   `   8    XXXXTenn.CodeAnn.4035102(1)(1997)#XXXX#."i) X b"X XXX   _SXXXX S iXSX   Ad FILEDSXXS i  September27,1999Cecil_Crowson_,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdA ,cAZ"Arial Regular$h;'L (3$ ܜ! XX XXX8 XXdd8     )!dxdxabZc[C<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ ܜ! XX XXX8 XXdd8     ($$   1  ܜ! XX XXX8 XXdd8     _X XXX 8 XXdXXd8-,X` X%XX-TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T  v`R[@0,j:`  `@E  ` 8ttxPX  v_@DINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@tt)DATKNOXVILLESTATEOFTENNESSEE,̀ p )FORPUBLICATION   Ѐ   h      p ) \  - XX,X` X%X- ` Appellee,   h      p )FILED:September27,1999 2   `     h      p )v. `     h      p )BRADLEYCOUNTY j   `     h      p )DAVIDKEITHLANE, h      p )HON.R.STEVENBEBB,JUDGE   Ѐ   p ) `  ЀAppellant. h    p )NO.03S019802CC00013 6 ForAppellant:   h      p ForAppellee:  KENNETHF.IRVINE,JR.     p JOHNKNOXWALKUP H  Knoxville,TN   h      p AttorneyGeneralandReporter !  `     h      p MICHAELE.MOORE `     h      p SolicitorGeneral `     h      p TIMOTHYF.BEHAN `     h      p AssistantAttorneyGeneral `     h      p Nashville,TN `     h      p JERRYN.ESTES `     h      p DistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h      p Athens,TN `     h      p REBBLES.JOHNSON `     h      p Asst.DistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h      p Cleveland,TN `     h      p @,DOPINION 1J'/ AFFIRMED    h      p      x  BIRCH,J.  6x+4 $XX XXX$ Wegrantedreviewinthiscaseinordertoresolvetwosentencingissues.Inthefirst,thedefendant,DavidKeithLane, 8  contendsthatthetrialcourtshouldhaveusedthecriteriaset  X forthinStatev.Wilkerson,905S.W.2d933(Tenn.1995),(rather  thantheprovisionsofTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(5)(1997))to < determinewhethertoimposeconsecutivesentences.Inthesecond, \  thedefendantassertsthatheshouldhavebeengrantedalternative   sentencing,contendingthatthetrialcourtsdenialofalternative @  sentencingwasbased,atleastinpart,uponaconsiderationofa `  convictionsincedismissedandexpungedfromhisrecord.Because   wefindthatthetrialcourtproperlyappliedthelawsand D principlesgoverningsentencinginbothissues,weaffirmthe d judgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppeals.    I !h  Thecomplainant,E.S.,  #  1      ׀asixteenyearoldfemale,was L%  placedinthecustodyoftheTennesseeDepartmentofHumanServices &l" (DHS)inJanuary1992.LanewasemployedbyDHS,andhisduties ($ includedthecounselingoffostercarechildreninCleveland.In P*& January1993,hewasassignedasE.S.scounselor,andheassisted +p!( inherfostercareplacementwithherauntanduncle. -#*  InAugust1994,thefostercareplacementwasterminated 1t&. afterE.S.sunclediscoveredmarijuanaunderherbed.Asher 2 (0 counselor,LanesdutiesincludedtransferringE.S.toaKnoxville X4)2 shelter.Beforereachingtheshelter,Laneengagedinsexual   intercoursewithE.S.inthecar.Hetoldhernottotellanyone 8  whattheyhaddoneandthatifshedid peoplewouldjustthink  X thatshewasawhore.   Thiswasthefirstactofacontinuingcourseofunlawful \  activitybetweenLaneandE.S.Thenextencounteroccurredafter   E.S.hadrunawayfromaSeviervillefacilitytowhichshehad @  beentransferred.Atthattime,shecontactedLane,whopickedher `  upanddrovehertohisfriendshomeinChattanooga.Enroute,   LaneencouragedE.S.tosmokemarijuanawithhim.Afterarriving D atthefriendshome,LanesmokedmoremarijuanawithE.S.and d engagedinsexualintercoursewithher.   Afterthatencounter,E.S.surrenderedtothe !h authoritiesinClevelandandwasreleasedtothecustodyofher # grandfather.LanecontinuedtopursueE.S.whileshewasliving L%  withhergrandfather,andheengagedinsexualintercoursewithher &l" onthreeoccasionsduringthisperiod. ($  Followinganinvestigation,Lanewasindictedforthree +p!( countsofstatutoryrape   #  2      ׀andthreecountsofunlawfulexerciseof -#* officialpowerf  #  3      ׀(allClassEfelonies).Heenteredpleasofguilty T/$, toallcountsandwassentencedtotheDepartmentofCorrectionfor 1t&. twoyearsoneachcountwiththestatutoryrapesentencesrunning 2 (0 consecutivelytothesentencesforofficialmisconduct,an X4)2 effectivesentenceoffouryears.Thetrialcourtdenied   probation.TheCourtofCriminalAppealsaffirmedthetrial 8  courtssentence.  X @.DII <  Asstated,thetrialcourtimposedconsecutivesentencing   pursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(5)(sexualabuseofa @  minor).Lanefirstassertsthatthiswaserrorbecausetherewere `  insufficient aggravatingcircumstancestowarrantconsecutive   sentencingunderthissection.Specifically,hearguesthat(1) D hisstatusasan officialshouldnotbeconsideredbecauseit d providedthebasisfortheofficialmisconductconvictions;(2)the  timespanoftheoffenseswasshort;(3)thenatureandscopeof H  thesexualactswere limited;(4)therewasno residualphysical !h damagetoE.S.;and(5)the mentaldamagewasminimal.See # Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(5). L%   Ourreviewofwhethersufficientaggravating ($ circumstancesexistedtomeettherequirementsofTenn.CodeAnn. P*& 4035115(b)(5)isgovernedbyTenn.CodeAnn.4035 +p!( 401(d)(1997).Accordingly,ourreviewisdenovoontherecord -#*  withapresumptionthatthedeterminationsmadebythecourtfrom T/$, whichtheappealistakenarecorrect.Id.Theburdenofshowing 1t&. thatthesentenceisimproperisthusuponthedefendant.Statev. 2 (0 Ashby,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991). X4)2   6x+4  TheCriminalSentencingReformActof1989establishes    categoriesofoffenderswhoareeligibleforconsecutive 8  sentencing.Asstated,thetrialcourtbasedconsecutive  X sentencinginthiscaseonthefifthcategory,whichprovides:  8 8 Thedefendantisconvictedoftwo   (2)ormorestatutoryoffenses \  involvingsexualabuseofaminor 2  withconsiderationofthe   aggravatingcircumstancesarising j  fromtherelationshipbetweenthe @  defendantandvictimorvictims,the   timespanofdefendantsundetected `  sexualactivity,thenatureand 6 scopeofthesexualactsandthe   extentoftheresidual,physicaland n mentaldamagetothevictimor D victims.xx Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(5).   Ourreviewoftherecorddemonstratesthefollowing !h circumstanceswhichsupporttheimpositionoftheconsecutive # sentences.First,therelationshipbetweenLaneandE.S.wasone L%  whereinshe,andtheState,entrustedherwelfaretoLane.As &l" E.S.sDHScounselor,hewasboundtocounselandprotecther.A  #  4      ׀ ($ Instead,Laneexploitedtherelationshipbysmokingmarijuanawith P*& herandbyengaginginsexualintercoursewithher.B  #  5      ׀Furthermore, +p!( Lanepersistedinthisegregiousconductforoveramonthand   terminateditonlywhenhewasconfrontedbytheTennesseeBureau 8  ofInvestigation.Withoutquestion,thenatureandscopeofthe  X sexualactsbetweenLaneandE.S.werereprehensible.Finally,  therecordsupportsthetrialcourtsfindingthatE.S.suffers < from residualmentaldamageasadirectresultofLanesabuse.C<  #  6      ׀ \  Accordingly,theStatehasprovensufficientlyaggravating   circumstancesaccompanyingthesexualoffenses,asrequiredby @  Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(5). `   Lanenextassertsthatevenifsufficientaggravating D circumstanceswereproven,thetrialcourterredinimposing d consecutivesentenceswithoutfirstcomplyingwiththerequirements  ofStatev.Wilkerson,905S.W.2d933(Tenn.1995).Lanerelieson H  Wilkersontosupportthepropositionthatbeforeacourtmayorder !h consecutivesentencingofanydefendantunderTenn.CodeAnn.40 # 35115(b),itmustmakespecificfindingsthat anextended L%  sentenceisnecessarytoprotectthepublicandis reasonably &l" relatedtotheseverityoftheoffensescommitted.Seeid.at ($ 939.TheCourtofCriminalAppealsrejectedthisargument,stating P*& that theopinioninWilkersonmaybefairlyconstruedtoapply +p!( onlytoconsecutivesentencingofdangerousoffenders.D  #  7      ׀ -#* Ї Thus,theinstantcasepresentsuswiththeopportunity   toclarifythelimitsoftheWilkersonholding.Wereviewthis 8  questionoflawdenovowithnopresumptionofcorrectness.See  X id.at935.Toresolvethisissue,wemustexamineourholdingin  Wilkersonandreviewthestatutoryprinciplesofconsecutive < sentencing. \   Aspreviouslynoted,theSentencingActsetsforththe @  categoriesofoffenderseligibleforconsecutivesentencing.See `  Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115.TheActalsoincludesgeneral   principlesofsentencingwhichtrialcourtsmustconsiderin D determiningthelengthofadefendantssentence.Therelevant d provisionsarethatthelengthofthesentencemustbe justly  deservedinrelationtotheseriousnessoftheoffenseIf  #  8      ׀and H   shouldbenogreaterthanthatdeservedfortheoffense !h committed.-  #  9       #  InWilkerson,thedefendantsatisfiedthestatutory &l" definitionofa dangerousoffenderunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035 ($ 115(b)(4).F  #  10      ׀Id.at93738.However,thefactsofthatcasedid P*& notsupporttheconsecutiveconfinementimposed.&  #  11      ׀Wethus +p!( concludedthatsatisfyingthedefinitionofsubsection115(b)(4),   wasnot,inandofitself, sufficienttosustainconsecutive 8  sentences.Id.at938.UndertheSentencingAct,theremustalso  X exist particularfactswhichshowthatconsecutivesentencingis   reasonablyrelatedtotheseverityoftheoffensesandservesto < protectsociety fromfurther...aggravatedcriminalconduct. \  Id.Inordertolimittheuseofthe dangerousoffendercategory   tocaseswheresuch particularfactsexist,thisCourtheldthat @  sentencingcourtsmustmakespecificfindingsregardingthe `  severityoftheoffensesandthenecessitytoprotectsociety   beforeorderingconsecutivesentencingunderTenn.CodeAnn.40 D 35115(b)(4).Id.at939. d  Therequirementthatacourtmakethesespecificfindings H  beforeimposingaconsecutivesentenceona dangerousoffender !h arisesfromthefactthatofallofthecategoriesforconsecutive # sentencing,thedangerousoffendercategoryisthemostsubjective L%  andhardesttoapply.Section4035115(b)(5)ontheotherhand, &l" isillustrativeoftheselfcontainedlimitsfoundintheother ($ categoriesforconsecutivesentencing.Undersubsection115(b)(5), P*& beforetheperpetratorofmorethanonesexualoffenseagainsta +p!( minorcanbeexposedtoconsecutivesentencing,thecourtmust -#* considerthepreviouslydiscussedaggravatingcircumstances.Thus, T/$, bydefinition,Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(5)islimitedto 1t&. thosedefendantswhoseconductjustifiesextendedconfinementunder 2 (0 theprinciplesoftheSentencingAct.Accordingly,theCourtof X4)2 CriminalAppealscorrectlyheldthatWilkersonislimitedtocases   involvingconsecutivesentencingof dangerousoffenders. 8  Consequently,thetrialcourtdidnoterrinorderingconsecutive  X sentencinginthiscase.    ӀIII \     Lanesnextissueiswhetherthetrialcourterredin @  denyingalternativesentencing.Specifically,hecontendsthatthe `  trialcourtimproperlyconsideredapreviouslyexpunged<  #  12      ׀outof   stateconviction.Althoughwehaveaddressedtheuseofsuch D convictionsinthecontextofjudicialdiversion,thisisanissue d offirstimpressionasitrelatestoalternativesentencingunder  Tenn.CodeAnn.4035102. H   Atsentencing,Lanesoughtprobationorasentenceof # splitconfinement.=  #  13      ׀Thetrialcourtdeniedthesealternative L%  sentencesandimposedasentencetotheDepartmentofCorrection. &l" Thetrialcourtsdecisionwasbased,atleastinpart,onthe ($ criminalbehaviorwhichledtoatheftconvictioninNorthDakota, P*& sinceexpungedbutincludedinthepresentencereport. +p!(  InStatev.Schindler,986S.W.2d209(Tenn.1999),this T/$, Courtaddressedtheuseofexpungedconvictionsinthesentencing 1t&. process.Thedefendantinthatcasewasdeniedjudicialdiversion>  #  14         basedonthetrialcourtsconsiderationoftwoexpungedoutof 8  stateconvictions.  X  InSchindler,thisCourtexaminedthestatusofan < expungedconviction.Westatedasfollows: \  8 8 Expungementreturnsthepersonto j  theposition occupiedbeforesuch @  arrestorindictmentor   information.Tenn.CodeAnn.40 `  35313(b).Expungementdoesnot 6 returnapersontotheposition   occupiedpriortocommittingthe n offense....Accordingly,thelaw D wouldblinditselftorealityifthe  lawrefusedtorecognizethese d criminalactsandaccordthemany : legalsignificancewhatsoever.xx PId.at211.Becauseexpungementdoesnoterasetheunderlying ! conductorbehavior,weheldthat thetestimonyandevidenceof "> thecriminalacts...areadmissibleasevidenceofpriorbad v$ actsorevidenceofsocialhistoryevenifexpungementislater "&! obtained.Id. 'B#  AlthoughtheissueinSchindlerwasraisedinthecontext &+ ' ofjudicialdiversion,itsreasoningandanalysisareequally ,F") applicable.Accordingly,theprinciplesoutlinedinSchindler ~.#+ compelustoconcludethatthecriminalactsunderlyinganexpunged *0%- convictionmayproperlybeconsideredtodeterminewhethera 1J'/ defendantisasuitablecandidateforalternativesentencing.To 3(1 theextentthatthetrialcourtsdecisioninthiscasecanbe   construedasdependentonthemerefactofconviction(ascompared 8  totheunderlyingconduct),wefinderrorindenyingalternative  X sentencingonthatbasis.   Ourinquirydoesnotstophere.Todeterminewhetherthe \  defendantiseligibleforalternativesentencing,wemustconduct   adenovoreviewofthisrecord,guidedbytherelevantstatutory @  principlesofalternativesentencing.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035 `  401(d);Ashby,823S.W.2dat 169(Tenn.1991).       Underthe Sentencing Act ,adefendantwhodoesnot d possess criminalhistoriesevincingacleardisregardforthelaws  andmoralsofsocietyandis convictedofaClassC,DorE H  felony,is presumedtobeafavorablecandidateforalternative !h sentencingoptions.Tenn.CodeAnn. 4035102(5), 102(6).The # presumptionmaybeovercome,however,by evidencetothe L%  contrary.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035102(6).Suchevidencemay &l" includeevidencethatconfinementisnecessarytoavoid ($ depreciatingtheseriousnessoftheoffenseorisparticularly P*& suitedtoprovideaneffectivedeterrencetootherslikelyto +p!( commitsimilaroffenses.Statev.Davis,940S.W.2d558,560 -#* (Tenn.1997).?  #  15       T/$, Ї Besidestheexpungedtheftconvictionandtwounserved   warrantsforpassingworthlesschecks,therecordalsoindicates 8  thatthereweretwounchargedincidentsofstatutoryrapeandfour  X unchargedincidentsofofficialmisconductemanatingfromthe  relationshipwithE.S.Furthermore,thedefendantprovided < marijuanaandcigarettestoaminorunderhissupervisionknowing \  herhistoryofsubstanceabuse.Moreover,hefacilitatedthe   complainantsescapefromhercustodialplacement.Thefactthat @  Lanewas,atallpertinenttimes,E.S.sDHScounselormakeshis `  conductespeciallydisturbing.AstheCourtofCriminalAppeals   found: Thenatureandcircumstancesofthedefendantsconduct D ...outweighallotherfactorsfavoringalternativesentencing d and,therefore,confinementisnecessarytoavoiddepreciatingthe  seriousnessoftheoffense.Thus,theabundanceofevidencein H  thiscasefullyrebutsanypresumptionLanemayhavehadto !h alternativesentencing. # @.DIV &l"  Inconclusion,wefindthatbecauseWilkersonislimited P*& tocasesinvolvingconsecutivesentencingof dangerousoffenders, +p!( thetrialcourtproperlyimposedconsecutivesentencing.Wealso -#* concludethattheCourtofCriminalAppealsadheredtoproper T/$, statutorysentencingproceduresanddulyweighedandconsideredall 1t&. appropriatefactors.Theabundanceofegregiousevidencefully 2 (0 rebutsLanesentitlementtoanalternativesentence. X4)2 Ї Costsofappealaretaxedtothedefendant.       h      p ______________________________      h      p ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,Justice f Panel:   Anderson,C.J. 2  Drowota,Holder,JJ.   J.Barker,notparticipating @