WPCn> !oͻil}¯I`Jΐ,7BSd Q|NNMy]oِռ֚YaE|Hhb-To]2h׶g> @g G [F5Xkm4}ɵ,@UͪK# QFc{@ dnX$ FUBp % U.  0U 0` 0Xe 06 0 X 0" D+"" 0# 0=$ 0Y$ AQ$7%9%WQ%' 0CO((Ts./ mY4p4n4 0r88w848U:9U:H9 B99`99999U:::: 09;9;9;9;9;9;9;9;9;9;9;9;;-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;U:$<$<$<$<$<$<$<$<$<$<$<$<#!^<N=^ = D3============U:=====U:===========================U:4>\  `*Times New RomanTT%2A`ArialTT'  :IN THE SUPREME COURT OF TENNESSEE 6Tom & Kathy Greenholtz60Tom & Kathy Greenholtz .   H4heading 1heading 1&    XXXC%2A`ArialTTC        C%2A`ArialTTC'  hr:Default ParaDefault Paragraph FontXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        C%2A`ArialTTC`r:footnote reffootnote referenceXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        C%2A`ArialTTC>r$1footnote refXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        C%2A`ArialTTCV!:footnote texfootnote text           X .'A<'A     4    ݀Ourconclusionthataggravatedkidnappingisacontinuingcrimeisfurtherreinforcedbythefact  thatseveralotherstateswithsimilarstatuteshaveheldorstatedthatkidnappingisacontinuingcrime.See,  e.g.,Crumpv.State,625P.2d857,863(Alaska1981)(holdingthatkidnappingisacontinuingoffenseunder  astatutethat encompassestheholdingofthevictimforanunlawfulpurposeaswellasabduction);State ` X v.Jones,916P.2d1119,1123(Ariz.Ct.App.1995)(statingthat [b]ecausekidnappinginvolvesinterfering (  withthevictimsliberty,itcontinuesuntilthatlibertyisrestored);Statev.Gomez,622A.2d1014,1016   (Conn.1993)(holdingunderastatuterequiringtheabductionorrestraintofthevictimthat [b]ecause   kidnappinginvolvesinterferingwiththevictimsliberty,itcontinuesuntilthatlibertyisrestored);Peoplev.  x Phillips,541N.E.2d1298,1307(Ill.App.Ct.1989)(statingthat [k]idnappingisacontinuingoffense);Idle H @ v.State,587N.E.2d712,716(Ind.Ct.App.1992)(statingthat [b]ecausekidnapping"like   confinement"involvestheelementofunlawfuldetention,itisacontinuingcrime;thatis,itiscontinuously   committedsolongastheunlawfuldetentionlasts);Statev.Zimmer,426P.2d267,286(Kan.1967)(holding   that [k]idnaping,whichinvolvesthedetentionofanother,isacontinuingoffense);Statev.Hutchinson,661 h`  P.2d1315,132223(N.M.1983)(statingthat [k]idnappingisdefinedastheunlawfultaking,restrainingor 0(  confiningofaperson,byforceordeceptionandthat [k]idnappingwhichinvolvesthedetentionofanother,   isacontinuousoffense);Statev.White,492S.E.2d48,51(N.C.Ct.App.1997)(statingthat [c]ommon   sensedictatesthattheoffenseofkidnappingshouldencompasstheentireperiodofavictimsconfinement   fromthetimeoftheinitialactofrestraintorconfinementuntilthevictimsfreewillisregainedunderstatute PH  prohibitingtheunlawfulconfinement,restraintorremovalofthevictim);Statev.Tucker,512S.E.2d99,105  (S.C.1999)(statingthat [k]idnapingisacontinuingoffense.Theoffensecommenceswhenoneis  wrongfullydeprivedoffreedomandcontinuesuntilfreedomisrestored.);Kemplev.State,725S.W.2d483,  485(Tex.Ct.App.1987)(statingthat [k]idnappingisacontinuingoffense.Theabductiondoesnotoccur ph atonlyonetime,butratherisacontinuous,ongoingevent.);Statev.Dove,757P.2d990,994(Wash.Ct. 80 App.1988)(statingthatbecause kidnappinginvolvestheelementofunlawfuldetention,itisacontinuing  crime"itiscontinuouslycommittedaslongastheunlawfuldetentionofthekidnappedpersonlasts). X .'A<'A     5    ݀AlthoughtheCourtofCriminalAppealsdeclinedtoaddressthisissuebecauseitreducedthe  appelleesconvictiontofalseimprisonment,wechoosetoaddresstheissueourselvesintheinterestof  judicialeconomy.(e2!%$ !+4M+   'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(e2!%$ !+4M+   ($    (e2!%$ !+4M+    C<< c   M  j)'A<'A   XX<X<XXL<8z (  0 @ H@E %% %% %%%%X &&%%E1 0 8@H!#%XEX j"'A<'A     @    7  A  ($     X .'A<'A     1    lp<ԀCf.Tenn.CodeAnn.401102(Supp.1983);Tenn.CodeAnn.40102(1952);Tenn.Code  11473(Williams1934);Tenn.Code6934(Shannon1896);Tenn.Code5801(Milliken&Vertrees  1884);Tenn.Code4973(Thompson&Steger1871);Tenn.Code4973(1858). |  OurresearchfurtherindicatesthattheGeneralAssemblyborrowedthisstatutefromavirtually B : identicalstatutefoundintheAlabamaCodeof1852,whichstatedasfollows:   8 Whenthecommissionofanoffensecommencedwithoutthisstate,isconsummatedwithin   itsboundaries,thepersoncommittingtheoffenseisliabletopunishmentthereforinthis | t state,althoughhewasoutofthestateatthecommissionoftheoffensecharged,ifhe : 2 consummateditinthisstate,throughtheinterventionofaninnocentorguiltyagent,orby   anyothermeansproceedingdirectlyfromhimself;andinsuchcase,thejurisdictionisin    thecountyinwhichtheoffensewasconsummated,unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw.tl  (# (# SeeAla.Code3362(1852). Jgp .gpgp<gp     2    gp<ԀBothTennesseeandMissourishareacommonborderwitheightotherstates.#'Agp# X .'A<'A     3    Lp<ԀThedoctrineofcontinuingoffensesstatesthateverymomentanoffenseiscontinued,theoffense  iscommittedanew.Therefore,ourholdingthatacontinuingoffensecarriedintoTennesseefromanother  stateiscommencedandconsummatedanewinTennesseedoesnotlogicallyextendtononcontinuing | offenses.Noncontinuingoffensesareconsummatedwhenthelastelementoftheoffenseissatisfied.See B : Jonesv.State,409S.W.2d169,171(Tenn.1966)(holdingcrimeofreceivingstolenpropertyis   consummatedforvenuepurposeswhenalltheelementsaremet).Wheresatisfactionofthelastelement   ofanoncontinuingoffenseoccursoutsideofTennessee,thenthisstateisclearlywithoutterritorial | t jurisdictiontoprosecutethatoffensewhenthatoffensewasalsocommencedoutsideofTennessee.U3|x\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QP%2A`ArialTTomanTTJ2PQP%2A`ArialTTomanTTXXX2PQXP\  `*Times New RomanTTXXP\  P6QXP%2A`ArialTTomanTTg2PQP%2A`ArialTTomanTT  u2PQ P(J$ڊuڊ  tpO'$"Arial Regular+zAZ"Arial Regular d V !%"+4M+   _+4M4M+=+4M   Ad FILED+XX+=  December20,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdA +zAZ"Arial Regular(f(3 $ !+4M+       0   ##"i"Xd#+zAZ"Arial RegularHP LaserJet 8000 DN PS0%'L $$$$'dxd+zAZ"Arial Regular+zAZ"Arial Regular+zAZ"Arial Regular !+4M+   _#4M4MTR[A'3'A' Legal3'TX  #XX#4M    ;6_INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE  ATNASHVILLE#X#X  x&[B2.jz$!`  `@E ` 8ttxP ( ! x    0      8     #XX#   0      8     STATEOFTENNESSEE,   8   )  FORPUBLICATION      0      8   ) Appellant,     8   )  FILED:_____________________  f^   0      8   )v.  0      8   )  GILESCIRCUIT 80    0      8   )JIMMYLEGG,     8   )  HON.ROBERTL.JONES     0      8   )  JUDGE    Appellee.     8   )     0      8   )  No.M199800479SCR11CD     0      8   FortheAppellant:     8     FortheAppellee: NF PaulG.Summers     8     RaymondW.Fraley,Jr. 4, AttorneyGeneral&Reporter 8     Fayetteville,Tennessee  MichaelE.Moore     8     JohnnyD.Hill,Jr.  SolicitorGeneral     8     Fayetteville,Tennessee  KimR.HelperAssistantAttorneyGeneralNashville,Tennessee   8      @    d \   # !X#X OPINION #XX!#  +|$(   COURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALS REVERSEDANDREMANDED 8      @     BARKER,J. 705 ;6 ;8""XXdd8 ;   WegrantedtheappealinthiscasetoaddresswhethertheStateofTennessee   hasterritorialjurisdictionpursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911103(b)(1)toprosecuteachargeofaggravatedkidnappingthatwascommencedin   Alabama.Forthereasonsstatedherein,weholdthatsection3911103(b)(1)permits l d theexerciseofterritorialjurisdictionoveracontinuingoffensewhereanyessential 80 elementoftheoffenseiscontinuedandcommittedinTennessee.Wealsoholdthat   theGeneralAssemblyintendedthattheoffenseofaggravatedkidnappingtosanction   acontinuingcourseofconduct,andthatatleastoneelementofthatcrimewasproven   tohaveoccurredinTennessee.Finally,weholdthattheappelleewasnotentitledto h` ajuryinstructiononassaultoraggravatedassaultbecausetheevidencewaslegally 4, insufficienttosupportaconvictioninTennessee.Therefore,thiscaseisremandedto  theGilesCountyCircuitCourtforreinstatementoftheappelleesconvictionand  sentenceforaggravatedkidnapping.XXX#X    d\   BACKGROUND  0 (    Theappellee,JimmyLegg,marriedMarthaLeggforasecondtimeinJulyof #  1990.ThreeyearslaterinOctoberof1993,thecoupleseparated,andMs.Leggwent %" toliveinnearbyAthens,Alabama.Aboutaweekaftertheseparation,theappellee l'd $ traveledfromhishomeinGilesCounty,TennesseetoseehiswifeinAlabama.When 8)0"& theappelleefoundhiswife,hetoldherthathissisterhadbeeninanautomobile +#( accidentandthatheneededtotalktosomeone.AlthoughMs.Leggtestifiedthatshe ,%* wasconcernedthattheappelleemightbeviolent,sheagreedtogetintothetruckwith .', himafterheassuredherthatnothingwasgoingtohappen.Ms.Leggalsoinsisted h0`). thattheirdaughtergetintotheappelleestruckwithher. 42,+0    4,2  Aftertheappelleedroveashortdistance,hestoppedandaskedhisdaughter   togetoutofthetrucktodeliveramessagetoherbrother.Asthedaughterstepped  outofthetruck,Ms.Leggalsotriedtogetoutofthetruck.However,theappellee   pulledMs.Leggbackintothetruck,lockedthedoors,andspedaway.Whiledrivingin l d Alabama,theappelleerepeatedlyquestionedMs.Leggaboutwhyshelefthimand 80 withwhomshehadbeen.EverytimeMs.Leggtriedtoanswertheappellees   questions,hewouldhitherinthefacearoundtheeyes.Ms.Leggalsotestifiedthat   theappelleehitherwithapistolandthatonseveraloccasions,heheldthepistolto   herheadwhilethreateningtoshoother. h`  TheappelleefinallystoppedlaterthatafternoonattheSandsMotelinGiles  County,Tennesseeandrentedaroomforthenight.Shortlythereafter,twopolice  officerscametothedefendantsroomafterbeingdispatchedona welfarecheck.  Oneoftheofficerstalkedtotheappelleewhiletheotherofficerwentinsidetheroom d\ totalktoMs.Legg,whohadshutherselfinthebathroom.Whentheofficer 0 ( questionedMs.Leggaboutherinjuries,sherepliedthatsheandtheappelleewere ! involvedinanautomobileaccident.Althoughtheofficerofferedtotakehertothe #  hospital,Ms.Leggrefusedtogo,andsherequestedseveraltimesfortheofficersto %" leave.Ms.Legglatertestifiedthatshewasafraidtoleavethemotelroombecause `'X $ herhusbandtoldherthathewouldshoother. ,)$"&   Thenextmorning,theappelleeleftthehotelroomtopaylodgingforanother ,%* night.Ms.Leggtestifiedthatasheleft,theappelleestatedthathewas goingto .', finishwhathestartedwhenhereturned.Believingthisstatementtomeanthatthe \0T). appelleewouldreturnto beat[her]somemore,Ms.Leggranoutofthemotelroom (2 +0 andaskedanearbyguestofthemotelforhelp.Theguestcalledthepoliceandan 3,2 ambulance,andMs.Leggwastakentoalocalhospital. 5.4  706  OnJuly11,1994,theGilesCountygrandjuryreturnedanindictmentcharging  theappelleewithonecountofespeciallyaggravatedkidnapping.Duringatwoday  jurytrial,theStateintroducedevidenceshowingthatMs.Leggsustainedsevere   physicalinjuries,buttheStatecouldnotestablishthatanyofherphysicalinjuries l d actuallyoccurredinTennessee.Thejuryreturnedaguiltyverdictontheoffenseof 80 aggravatedkidnapping,andtheappelleewassentencedbythecircuitcourttoserve   eightyearsintheDepartmentofCorrection.    Onappeal,theappelleearguedamongotherthingsthattheStatefailedto h` establishpropervenueinGilesCountybecausetheStateintroducednoproofthat 4, physicalinjuryoccurredinTennessee.Framingtheissueasoneofterritorial  jurisdiction,theCourtofCriminalAppealsheldthattheStateofTennesseelacked  jurisdictionbecausetheoffensewasbothcommencedandconsummatedinAlabama  ascontemplatedbyTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911103(b)(1).Thecourt d\ reducedtheappelleesconvictiontofalseimprisonmentandmodifiedhissentenceto 0 ( elevenmonthsandtwentyninedays.TheStateofTennesseethensoughtreviewin ! thisCourtarguingthattheCourtofCriminalAppealserredinholdingthattheoffense #  ofaggravatedkidnappingwasconsummatedinAlabama. %"  AlthoughtheCourtofCriminalAppealsmayhavebeencorrectinstatingthat ,)$"& theoffensewastechnicallyconsummatedinAlabama,wedisagreewiththe *#( conclusionoftheintermediatecourtthattheStatelackedjurisdictioninthiscase. ,%* Rather,weconcludethattheGeneralAssemblyfullyintendedforthecourtsofthis .', statetoexerciseterritorialjurisdictionpursuanttosection3911103(b)(1)over \0T). continuingoffensescarriedintoTennessee. (2 +0    5.4 TERRITORIALJURISDICTION      Itiselementarythatbeforeacourtmayexercisejudicialpowertohearand   determineacriminalprosecution,thatcourtmustpossessthreetypesofjurisdiction: x p jurisdictionoverthedefendant,jurisdictionovertheallegedcrime,andterritorial D< jurisdiction.Thebasicrequirementthatacourtpossessterritorialjurisdiction,which   recognizesthepowerofastatetopunishcriminalconductoccurringwithinitsborders,   isembodiedintheconstitutionalrighttoatrial byanimpartialjuryofthecountyin   whichthecrimeshallhavebeencommitted.SeeTenn.Const.art.I,9;seealso tl U.S.Const.amend.VI.Assuch,theconceptofterritorialjurisdictionreflectsthat [a] @8 statescriminallawisofnoforceandeffectbeyonditsterritoriallimits....See   Coffeev.PeterbiltofNashville,Inc.,795S.W.2d656,65859(Tenn.1990).   AtcommonlawinTennessee,thecourtsrequiredthatthelocusinquoofthe ph crimeoccurwithinTennesseebeforeterritorialjurisdictioncouldattach.Oneexample @ 8 ofthisrequirementmaybeseeninStatev.Evans,1Tenn.(1Over.)211(1806),in  " whichadefendantwasconvictedfortheftinasettlementwherethestateboundary #  betweenTennesseeandKentuckywasnotpreciselymarked.Inaffirmingthe %" conviction,theSupremeCourtstatedthatgeneralopinionconfirmedthat thelocusin p'h $ quowaswithinthisState....Id.at220.Nevertheless,ifthecrimeactuallyoccurred @)8"&  withoutthelimitsofthisState[,theCourt]clearlyshouldnothavejurisdiction.Id. +$( Thirtyeightyearslater,theSupremeCourtreaffirmedthenotionofterritorial ,%* jurisdictionbystatingthatwheretheconductoccurredcompletelyoutsidethestate, .', Tennesseecouldexercisenojurisdictionovertheoffense.SeeSimpsonv.State,23 t0l). Tenn.(4Hum.)455,465(1844)(statingthatiftheproofshowed thatthelarcenywas @28+0 committedbeyondthelimitsofthisState,...[thenthedefendantwas]guiltyofno  4-2 violationofthecriminalcode);cf.RestatementofConflicts425(1934)(statingthat 5.4 therecanbenoterritorialjurisdictionwheretheconductanditsresultsbothoccur  outsideastatesterritory).   Tennesseemodifiedthiscommonlawrulebystatutein1858andconferred l d jurisdictiononthecourtstoadjudicatecrimes commencedwithoutthisState[and] 80 consummatedwithinitsboundaries....SeeTenn.Code4973(1858).This   statutewasretainedbytheGeneralAssemblyinitsoriginalwordinguntilthelast   majorrevisionofthecriminalcodein1989.XXXXXFN XXX      XX XXFN   1      ׀Aspartofthe1989criminalcode   revision,thelegislaturerewordedthestatutetoread, Whenanoffenseiscommenced h` outsidethisstateandconsummatedinthisstate,thepersoncommittingtheoffenseis 4, liableforpunishmentinthisstateinthecountyinwhichtheoffensewas  consummated,unlessotherwiseprovidedbystatute.Tenn.CodeAnn.3911  103(b)(1)(1997).   Althoughthepartiesinthiscasedonotdisputethattheoffenseofaggravated 0 ( kidnappingwas commencedinAlabama,territorialjurisdictionneverthelessrequires ! thattheoffensebe consummatedinTennessee.Therefore,resolutionofwhether #  thecircuitcourtproperlypossessedterritorialjurisdictiondependsuponthepointat %" whichtheGeneralAssemblycontemplatedthatcrimesare consummated.See `'X $ Statev.Sliger,846S.W.2d262,263(Tenn.1993)(statingthattheprimarypurposeof ,)$"& thisCourtinstatutoryinterpretation istoascertainandcarryoutthelegislativeintent *#( withoutundulyrestrictingorexpandingthestatutescoveragebeyonditsintended ,%*     scope).Inascertainingtheintentofthelegislatureinthisregard,weshouldlookto   thegeneralpurposetobeaccomplished[bythestatute],Tidwellv.Collins,522  S.W.2d674,676(Tenn.1975),andto thenaturalandordinarymeaningofthe   statutorylanguage,Statev.Butler,980S.W.2d359,362(Tenn.1998). l d   Wehavenotpreviouslyaddressedwhenanoffenseisconsideredtobe   consummatedwithinthemeaningofsection3911103(b)(1).Theintermediatecourt   heldthatacrimeisconsummatedessentiallywhenthelastelementnecessaryfor   commissionofthecrimeissatisfied.Althoughweagreethatinmostcasesacrimeis h` completedwhenalltheelementsaremet,thisgeneralruledoesnotinvariablyfollow 4, incasesofcontinuingoffenses:    8 [A]sageneralrule,acrimecommittedpartlyinonejurisdictionandpartly  inanotherispunishableonlyinthecourtsofthejurisdictioninwhichitwas ~v consummated.However,acontinuingcrime,althoughcompleteinthe d\ jurisdictionwherefirstcommitted,maycontinuetobecommitted,andmay JB alsobepunished,inanotherjurisdiction.2 * (# (#   22C.J.S.CriminalLaw161(b)(1989)(emphasisadded)(citationsomitted). "   Thenaturalandordinarymeaningoftheterm consummateis tofinishby ~&v# completingwhatwasintended;bringorcarrytoupmostpointordegree;carryorbring J(B!% tocompletion.SeeBlacksLawDictionary317(6thed.1990).Baseduponthis *#' meaning,wedonotbelievethattheGeneralAssemblyintendedtodenyourcourts +$) jurisdictionovercontinuingoffensesthatarecarriedintothisstate.Alongwith -&+ Missouri,Tennesseesharesthedistinctionofborderingmorestatesthananyother z/r(- stateintheunion,XXXXXFN XXX      XX XXFN   2      ׀andfortytwoofTennesseesninetyfivecountiesshareacommon F1>*/ borderwithanotherstate.Giventhegrowingtransientnatureofoursociety,it 3 ,1 becomesincreasinglyprobablethatmanyoffensescommencedinaforeignstatewill 4-3 becontinuedintoTennessee.Thesefactsalonemakecontinuingoffensesthatare  commencedinotherstatesofspecialconsequencetotheadministrationofcriminal  justiceinTennessee,andthisstatehasauniqueinterestinensuringtheabilityto   prosecuteandpunishcontinuingoffensesthatarecarriedacrossitsborders. l d   Theappelleearguesthatbecausecourtsareboundtostrictlyconstruecriminal   statutesinfavorofthedefendant,theCourtofCriminalAppealswascorrectinstating   thatsection3911103(b)(1)forbidsjurisdictioninthecaseofcontinuingoffenses.We   disagree.Althoughthecommonlawrequiredcourtstogivestatutesastrict h` construction,theprovisionsofthecriminalcodenowareto beconstruedaccordingto 4, thefairimportoftheirterms,includingreferencetojudicialdecisionsandcommonlaw  interpretations,topromotejustice,andeffecttheobjectivesofthecriminalcode.  Tenn.CodeAnn.3911104(1997).Theinterpretationofsection3911103(b)(1)  urgedbytheappelleewouldallowadefendantguiltyofacontinuingoffenseunder d\ Tennesseelawtogounprosecutedmerelybecausetheelementsofthatoffense, 0 ( althoughcontinuinginnatureandpresentinTennessee,werefirstsatisfiedinanother ! state.Wedonotbelievethatthelanguageofthestatutecompelssuchan #  interpretationorthattheGeneralAssemblyintendedforthestatutetoworksuchan %" absurdresult. `'X $  Weholdthatwhenanoffenseiscontinuinginnatureandhascontinuedinto *#( Tennesseefromanotherstate,theoffenseisdeemedtohavebothcommencedand ,%* consummatedanewinTennesseesolongasanyessentialelementtotheoffense .', continuestobepresentinTennessee.Assuch,TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection \0T). 3911103(b)(1)doesnotdefeatterritorialjurisdictioninthecaseofacontinuing (2 +0  offensefromacourtthatisotherwiseproperlyvestedwithjurisdictionoverthe 3,2 defendantandtheoffense.XXXXXFN XXX      XX XXFN   3      ׀Therefore,inordertodeterminewhetherthecircuitcourt   properlypossessedterritorialjurisdictioninthiscase,weneedtoconsidertwo  questions:whethertheGeneralAssemblyintendedfortheoffenseofaggravated   kidnappingtoconstituteacontinuingoffense,andifso,whetheranyessentialelement l d ofthatoffenseinthiscasehasoccurredinTennessee. 80   CONTINUINGOFFENSES       Anoffensemaybeconsideredacontinuingoffenseonlywhen theexplicit tl languageofthesubstantivecriminalstatutecompelssuchaconclusion,orthenature @8 ofthecrimeinvolvedissuchthat[thelegislature]mustassuredlyhaveintendedthatit   betreatedasacontinuingone.Toussiev.UnitedStates,397U.S.112,115(1970).  Therefore,indecidingwhethertheGeneralAssemblyintendedforanoffenseto  constituteacontinuingoffense,thisCourtwilllooktothestatutoryelementsofthe ph offenseanddeterminewhethertheelementsofthecrimethemselvescontemplatea < 4 continuingcourseofconduct.Cf.Statev.Hoxie,963S.W.2d737,743(Tenn.1998) " (discussingrequirementsforfindingcontinuingoffensessoastorendertheelectionof #  offensesrequirementinapplicable). %"   Apersoncommitstheoffenseofaggravatedkidnappingwhenthatperson(1) 8)0"&  knowinglyremovesorconfinesanotherunlawfullysoastointerferesubstantiallywith +#( theother'sliberty,Tenn.CodeAnn.3913302;and(2)theunlawfulremovalor ,%* confinementiscommitted: .',   8   (# (# 8  0 (1)  Tofacilitatethecommissionofanyfelonyorflightthereafter; (# (# 8  0 (2)  Tointerferewiththeperformanceofanygovernmentalor  politicalfunction;  (# (# 8  0 (3)  Withtheintenttoinflictseriousbodilyinjuryonortoterrorize   thevictimoranother; ~ (# (# 8  0 (4)  Wherethevictimsuffersbodilyinjury;orl d (# (# 8  0 (5)  Whilethedefendantisinpossessionofadeadlyweaponor R J threatenstheuseofadeadlyweapon.80 (# (# 8   (# (#   Seeid.3913304(a).Asevidencedbyboththeelementsandnatureofaggravated   kidnapping,itiscleartousthattheGeneralAssemblyintendedforthisoffenseto   sanctionacontinuingcourseofconduct. h`  AsisthecasewithkidnappingoffensesgenerallyinTennessee,aggravated  kidnappingessentiallyconsistsoftheoffenseoffalseimprisonmentplustheexistence  ofoneadditionalelement.Theoffenseoffalseimprisonmentwasclearlyintendedto  punishacontinuingcourseofconduct.Theveryuseoftheterms removesor d\  confinescontemplatesacontinuedstateofbeingrestrained.Consequently,anact 0 ( ofremovalorconfinementdoesnotendmerelyupontheinitialrestraint,anda ! defendantcontinuestocommitthecrimeateverymomentthevictimslibertyistaken. #   Infact,underthepresentstatute,noperiodofremovalorconfinementis `'X $ capableofbeingreasonablydividedintomultiplesegmentswithvariouspointsof ,)$"& termination.Cf.Statev.Rhodes,917S.W.2d708,713(Tenn.Crim.App.1995) *#( (findingtheoffenseofdrivingundertheinfluencetobeacontinuingoffenseinpart ,%* becauseitwouldbe impossibleunderthepresentstatutereasonablytodivideinto .', morethanonesegmentanyoneperiodofcontinuousdrivingunderacontinuingstate \0T). ofintoxication).Solongastheremovalorconfinementofthevictimlasts,theoffense (2 +0 offalseimprisonmentcontinues.XXXXXFN XXX      XX XXFNԀTherefore,becausethestatuteitselfcontemplates 3,2  thatthevictimsremovalorconfinementisonecontinuousevent,weconcludethatthe 5.4 GeneralAssemblyintendedfortheoffenseofaggravatedkidnappingtopunisha  continuingcourseofconduct.##XXXX#    4      XXX#XԀ   ##XXXXh#XXX#X Becauseaggravatedkidnappingisacontinuingoffense,theStateneededonly l d toshowthatatleastoneelementofthecrimecontinuedintoTennesseeforterritorial 80 jurisdictiontoproperlyattach.WefindthattheStatehasmetthisburden.Although   theStateconcedesthatthereisnoevidencethatanybodilyinjuryoccurredin   Tennessee,theevidenceismorethansufficienttoestablishthatMs.Leggwas   unlawfullyremovedorconfinedwithinthisstatesoastointerferesubstantiallywithher h` liberty.WhiletheappelleearguesthatMs.Legghadanumberofopportunitiesto 4, escapeandwasthereforenotconfined,thisCourtwillnotreweighorreevaluatethe  evidencepresentedwheretheevidenceissufficientforconvictionbeyonda  reasonabledoubt.SeeStatev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).The  resolutionoffactualissuesraisedbytheevidenceiswithinthesoleprovinceofthe d\ jury,Statev.Burns,979S.W.2d276,287(Tenn.1998),andasevidencedbythe 0 ( verdict,thejurywassatisfiedthatMs.Leggwasconfinedbytheappellee.Therefore, ! weconcludethattheStatehasmetitsburdeninshowingthatatleastoneessential  elementofthecontinuingoffenseofaggravatedkidnappingwascontinuedinto  Tennessee.   &    XXXXXXXX      XXXX  JURYINSTRUCTIONONASSAULTANDAGGRAVATEDASSAULT hesp  80 o,9    XXXXXXXX'8o     Finally,theappelleearguesthatthecircuitcourterredinfailingtoinstructthe   juryontheoffensesofassaultandaggravatedassaultaslesserincludedoffensesof   especiallyaggravatedkidnapping.    5      ׀Irrespectiveofwhetherthecrimesofassaultand tl aggravatedassaultarelesserincludedoffensesofespeciallyaggravatedkidnapping, @8 however,weconcludethattheappelleewasnotentitledtosuchaninstruction.   Beforeadefendantisentitledtoaninstructiononalesserincludedoffense,##XXXX`i#the  offensemustactuallybealesserincludedoffenseoftheoffensecharged,andthe  proofintherecordmustbelegallysufficienttosupportaconvictiononthelesser ph includedoffense.SeeStatev.Burns,__S.W.3d__(Tenn.1999).XXX#XInthiscase,the < 4 appelleeisnotentitledtosuchaninstructionbecausehehasnotshownthattheproof " islegallysufficienttosupportaconvictioninTennesseeonthechargesofassaultor #  aggravatedassault. %"  Unlikeaggravatedkidnapping,theelementsofthecrimeofassaultdonot 8)0"& contemplateacontinuingcourseofconduct.##XXXXɖu#SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3913101to +#( 102(1997).Rather,thecrimeitselfcontemplatesthatitisconsummatedor ,%* completedthemomentbodilyinjuryoccurs.XXX#XBecausetherewasnoproofthatany .', bodilyinjuryoccurredinTennessee,theevidencewaslegallyinsufficienttosupporta h0`). conviction##XXXXix#inthisstateXXX#Xforassaultoraggravatedassaultbaseduponbodilyinjury.##XXXXhy#See 42,+0 generallyBurns,__S.W.3d__.XXX#XԀ##XXXX*z#XXX#XTherefore,weholdthattheappelleewasnotentitled  toaninstructiononassaultoraggravatedassaultevenifthoseoffenseswerelesser  includedoffensesofespeciallyaggravatedkidnapping.     CONCLUSION  D<    Tosummarize,weholdthatTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911   103(b)(1)permitstheexerciseofterritorialjurisdictionovercontinuingoffenseswhen   atleastoneelementoftheoffenseiscontinuedandthereforecommittedin x Tennessee.WealsoholdthattheGeneralAssemblyintendedforthecrimeof LD aggravatedkidnappingtopunishacontinuingcourseofconductandthattheState  introducedevidencesufficientforthejurytoconcludethatatleastoneessential  elementofthatoffensewascommittedinTennessee.Therefore,wereversethe  judgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsholdingthattheStatelackedterritorial |t jurisdictioninthiscase.Finally,weholdthattheappelleewasnotentitledtoajury H @ instructiononassaultoraggravatedassaultbecausetheevidencewaslegally "  insufficienttosupportaconvictioninTennessee.ThiscaseisremandedtotheGiles #  CountyCircuitCourtfor##XXXXmz#reinstatementoftheappelleesconvictionandsentencefor %" aggravatedkidnapping.XXX#X x'p $   Costsofthisappealareassessedtotheappellee,JimmyLegg,forwhich +$( executionshallissueifnecessary. ,%*   0      8       0      8   0   0      8     _______________________________ Z1R*/   0      8     WILLIAMM.BARKER,JUSTICE @28+0   0      8     CONCUR:  4-2 ANDERSON,C.J. 5.4 DROWOTA,BIRCH,HOLDER,JJ.##XXXXր#