WPC( # Va %i 0 o4 2 0A 0D4 x U>x w@ 0J 0T@ 0^ 0h 0rZ 0| 0H 0 1u^U , 0d Bc D3 0@U,U 6U.UB)DC AMU*<fU>|.KTpv~vB! AO'd' 0D*( D/n( B(HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPT0  X(,$     7XXdXXd7b P 3|x+((3C$ ,!     7.XXdd7   `   0  (#$  0  <( 9Z &Courier Regular DeDDDDӀ+2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ! ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<  9p`(ModernP 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X d))))'dxd("$    <  9p`(Monaco<  9p`(Courier New<  9p`(Courier% Line 7 d11117Border 1dd-2C << G<  9p`(Arial  !#d##/           #d#  44   YYY FILED4X June10,1996CecilCrowson,Jr.4AppellateCourtClerk <  9p`(&Times New Roman r !#d##/           #d#   $       "Sexualpenetration"meanssexualintercourse,cunnilingus,fellatio,analintercourse,oranyotherintrusion,howeverslight,ofanypartofaperson'sbodyorofanyobjectintothegenitaloranalopeningsofthevictim's,thedefendant's,oranyotherperson'sbody,butemissionofsemenisnotrequired.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913501(7)(1991). A !#d##/           #d#   $       75C.J.S.Rape4(1952&Supp.1995).  !#d##/           #d#   $       Tenn.CodeAnn.3913502(a)(1)definesaggravatedrapeasthe unlawfulsexualpenetrationofavictimbythedefendantorthedefendantbyavictimwhere [f]orceorcoercionisusedtoaccomplishtheactandthedefendantisarmedwithaweaponoranyarticleusedorfashionedinamannertoleadthevictimreasonablytobelieveittobeaweapon.  !#d##/           #d#   $       See9DavidL.Raybin,TennesseePractice:CriminalPracticeandProcedure16.20(1984&Supp.1995).  !#d##/           #d#   $       Statev.Black,524S.W.2d913,91620(Tenn.1975);seealsoStatev.Conley,639S.W.2d435,436(Tenn.1982).  !#d##/           #d#   $       Black,524S.W.2dat920(recognizingandapplyingthe identityofoffensestestofBlockburgerv.UnitedStates,284U.S.299,30204(1932)). J !#d##/           #d#   $       Statev.Lillard,528S.W.2d207,211(Tenn.1975).PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA Op Monaco  BA Op Monaco -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . #&..Xd&#..Xd#/           #00Xd##00Xd#  ` XX\RA'\/L352;+'h|i` - `Lߛ7.XXdXXd7  6//X@ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@ ATJACKSONSTATEOFTENNESSEE, )FORPUBLICATIOǸ     )      )FILED:June10,1996 Appellee,    )      )LAUDERDALEϜCIRCUITVS.      )      )HON.JONKERRYBLACKWOOD,JOHNNYLACURTISPHILLIPS,  ) JUDGÈ  )̀ Appellant.  )NO.02S019502CC00013ForAppellant:     ForAppellee:JohnnyLacurtisPhillips   CharlesW.ϜBursonProse      AttorneyGeneralandReporter̜Tiptonville,TN          MichaelE.Moore      SolicitorGeneral      LindaA.Ross      AssociateSolicitorGeneral      Nashville,TN       @ OPINIONAFFIRMED          BIRCH,J. Inthiscause,wegrantedreviewinordertodeterminewhethertheimpositionofthreeconvictionsforsexualconductoccurringduringa singlecriminalepisodeviolatesconstitutionalprovisionsagainstdoublejeopardy.Aftercarefullyexaminingthefactsandthoroughlyconsideringapplicablelaw,weconcludethattherecordbeforeussupportstheimpositionofthreeconvictionsandthatdoublejeopardyprovisionsarenotimplicatedhere.Accordingly,thejudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsupholdingtheconvictionsisaffirmed.@ I ALauderdaleCountyjuryconvictedJohnnyLacurtisPhillips,theappellant,ofaggravatedburglaryandofthreecountsofaggravatedrape.Thetrialjudgesentencedhim,asaRangeI,standardoffender,tothreeconcurrenttwentytwoyearsentencesfortheaggravatedrapeconvictionsandafouryearsentencefortheburglaryconvictiontobeservedconsecutivelytotherapesentences. TherecordrevealsthatontheeveningofOctober31,1991,thevictim,athirtyyearoldfemale,wasinherapartmentwhenshewasawakenedbyanoiseinherson'sbedroom.Realizingthathersonwasnothome,sheinvestigatedandconfrontedamaleshelaterpositivelyidentifiedasPhillips.Hewasarmedwithaknife,andthevictimattemptedtoescape.Hecaughtandsubduedher.Inthestruggle,however,shesustainedaknifewoundtoherhand. Phillipsforcedthevictimintoherbedroom.Hedroppedtheknife,butheimmediatelyproducedanotherandtoldherto"shutup"orhewouldkillher.Heforcedhertoremoveherslacks,cutherbrassierefromherbody,andboundhertothebedwithsometypeofelasticmaterial. Phillipsinsertedaplasticobjectintothevictimsvagina,buthewithdrewitwhenshecomplainedofpain.Hethenperformedcunnilingus.Next,hepenetratedhervaginallywithhispenis.Herepeatedeachofthetwolatteracts.Theepisodelastedapproximatelythreehours.Ashewasleaving,Phillipsaskedthevictimwhichbrandofperfumeshepreferred.Eventhoughshedidnotrespond,Phillipsstated,"I'mgoingtoleaveyousomeinthemailbox,andifthere'sanytimeyouwantmetodothisagain,letmeknowandI'llbeback." Thevictimreportedtheincidenttothepolice.Theinvestigatorshowedherseveralphotographs,butshewasunabletolocatethedefendant'sphotographamongthem.Thefollowingday,asthevictimandhermotherwereenroutetoameetingwiththeinvestigators,thevictimespiedPhillips.Sheimmediatelynotifiedinvestigators,whohappenedtobenearby.TheyarrestedPhillips. Uponhisarrest,Phillipswassearched.Amongtheitemsseizedfromhispersonweretwoknives,aplasticobject,anunmatchedpairofgloves,apinkbrassiere,ablackbrassierethatappearedtohavebeencut,andapairofpinkunderpants.ThevictimidentifiedtheknivesandtheglovesasbeingsimilartothosePhillipshadpossessedduringtheincident.SheidentifiedtheplasticobjectastheonePhillipshadusedtopenetrateher.Additionally,sheidentifiedallofthefemaleundergarmentsseizedfromPhillipsasherown.Ofinterestalsoisthatthevictimfoundcologneinhermailboxthedayfollowingtheincident.@ II Phillipsinsiststhathisconductduringtheepisodeconstitutedbutasingleoffense,thoughvariouslycommitted.Thisinsistenceimplicatesgeneraldoublejeopardyconsiderationsandrequiresanalysisinthatcontext. InNorthCarolinav.Pearce,395U.S.711,717(1969),theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdefinedthedoublejeopardyclauseoftheFifthAmendmentasaffordingadefendantthreebasicprotections:(1)protectionagainstasecondprosecutionforthesameoffenseafteracquittal;(2)protectionagainstasecondprosecutionforthesameoffenseafterconviction;and(3)protectionagainstmultiplepunishmentsforthesameoffense.Althoughtheissueherecouldconceivablyimplicateeachoftheaboveprotections,wearechieflyconcernedwiththethird. Theindictmentchargesthreecountsofpenetration, 7   ׀andtheproofshowsthateachpenetrationwascommitteddifferently.First,Phillipsinsertedaplasticobjectintothevictim'svagina.Next,heperformedcunnilingus.Penetrationofthevaginabypenisfollowed. Preliminarily,wenotethat althoughseparateactsofintercoursemaybesorelatedastoconstituteonecriminaloffense,generallyrapeisnotacontinuousoffense,buteachactofintercourseconstitutesadistinctandseparateoffense. 8   כMoreover,eachoftheabovedescribedactsisseparatelydefinedinTenn.CodeAnn.3913501(7)asadiscretetypeofsexualpenetrationsubsumedbyTenn.CodeAnn.3913502,theaggravatedrapestatute. 9   ׀Eachact,inouropinion,iscapableofproducingitsownattendantfear,humiliation,pain,anddamagetothevictim.Eachtypeofpenetrationrequiresapurposefulactonthepartoftheperpetrator. Inthiscontext,theissueisoneofmultiplicity.Multiplicityconcernsthedivisionofconductintodiscreteoffenses,creatingseveraloffensesoutofasingleoffense. :   ׀Severalgeneralprinciplesdeterminewhetheroffensesare"stacked"soastobemultiplicitous:8 8 1.0 Asingleoffensemaynotbedividedintoseparateparts;generally,asinglewrongfulactmaynotfurnishthebasisformorethanonecriminalprosecution; ;   כ8 8 2.0 Ifeachoffensechargedrequiresproofofafactnotrequiredinprovingtheother,theoffensesarenotϜmultiplicitous; <   כand8 8 3.0 Wheretimeandlocationseparateanddistinguishthecommissionoftheoffenses,theoffensescannotbesaidtohavearisenoutofasinglewrongfulact. =    Theevidenceintherecordbeforeusclearlyestablishesthattheappellantperformedthreeseparateactsofsexualpenetration.Hence,thequestioniswhethertheseacts,accomplishedwithinathreehourperiod,constituteoneoffenseofaggravatedrapeorthree.AstheCourtofCriminalAppealscorrectlyobservedinStatev.Burgin,668S.W.2d668,670(Tenn.Crim.App.),perm.app.denied,(Tenn.1984), anaccusedmaybeconvictedofmorethanoneoffensewhentherapeinvolvesseparateactsofsexualpenetration.SeealsoStatev.Peacock,638S.W.2d837(Tenn.Crim.App.),perm.app.denied,(Tenn.1982). Fromaconsiderationofthefactsintherecordbeforeus,itisnotdifficulttoconcludethattheappellant,indeed,committedthreeoffenses.Withoutbeinggraphic,eachoftheabovedescribedsexualactsrequiredadifferentbodypositionandengageddifferentbodyparts.Moreover,therecordcontainsnoproofofthedurationofeachsexualact;however,theproofdoesshowthattheentireepisodeconsumedapproximatelythreehours.Acknowledgingnaturallimitationsonhumansexualendurance,wewouldbehardpressedtocharacterizetheappellant'sconductasa"singlecontinuousevent."Therefore,eachpenetrationconstitutedadistinct,unlawfulinvasionofthevictim'sbody.@ III Shouldsimilarquestionsariseinthefuture,wesuggestthatthefollowingfactorsmaybesignificant:8 8 1.0 Thenatureoftheact;8 8 2.0 Theareaofthevictim'sbodyinvadedbythesexuallyassaultivebehavior;8 8 3.0 Thetimeelapsedbetweenthediscreteconduct;8 8 4.0 Theaccused'sintent,inthesensethatthelapseoftimemayindicateanewlyformedintenttoagainseeksexualgratificationorinflictabuse;and8 8 5.0 Thecumulativepunishment.Weobservethatthepresenceandabsenceofanyonefactororacombinationofthemotherthanthenatureoftheactisnotdeterminativeoftheissue. Althoughwecanimaginecomplexcasesinwhichthefactsandcircumstanceswillnotpermiteasyresolution,wedonothavesuchacasebeforeus.Thus,wearenotintheleasthesitantinconcludingthattheappellantcommittedthethreeoffensesofaggravatedrapeascharged.Punishmentmay,therefore,beimposedforeachoffensewithoutimplicatingconstitutionaldoublejeopardyprovisions. Inthiscase,thetrialjudgesentencedtheappellanttotwentytwoyearsimprisonmentoneachofthethreeaggravatedrapeconvictionsandorderedthatthesentencesbeservedconcurrently.Weagreewiththeconcurrentsentencing.Moreover,impositionoftheconcurrentsentencesmakesitunnecessaryforustoaddresstheissueofwhetherthelegislatureintendedcumulativepunishment.SeeStatev.Blackburn,694S.W.2d934(Tenn.1985).     ____________________________________     ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,JusticeCONCUR:Anderson,C.J.Drowota,Reid,JJ.White,J.,notparticipating