WPC@! ^sD#ƍЏ{~R$AZ+eia#gGmi/ 7G"=xoVd H5=nћ,jL$?Rgwݙt)O>z'$>5FHd/XFV` 4UhSFSJt 2DžGUmäFUեY.וҤ8u.ΡV۪$3^r܇?,I?^e63goe,X| (K%%ԐOw2\zL$^! !_ y"z2̇mnG+"Xڑ:NV pRvg$k[̻@q *NMbl>HXEKU@5Vjpɨ㴝|E6G)eݿ6y5m*dSi_|.#  % 04yUF 0  0 D w@7 UFw U F   1mx 0cH s 0D/ 0DsU: AQX 0D` ` D/ B D3 B#!HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh X   5$  X^AXX X `   2    Tenn.CodeAnn.3917417(c)(1)Supp.1994)statesin   pertinentpart: Aviolationof[Tenn.CodeAnn.3917417(a)]withrespectto:CocaineisaClassBfelonyiftheamountinvolvedispointfive(.5)gramsormoreofanysubstancecontainingcocaineand,inadditionthereto,maybefinednotmorethanonehundredthousanddollars($100,000).(v$     7XXdXXd7Xb%XXX~-&x3|x < 9Z .Courier New Regular  D$  XXX X `   7    ThereleaseeligibilityforRangeIIoffenseswasnormally   thirtyfivepercent.((35$ v!     7^AXXdd7X^AXX X   `   0  (#$  0   e   D E U b U D Ӏ<4 9Z .Courier New Regular<4 9Z .Courier New Regular   5$  X^AXX X `   3    Thecourthastheauthoritytoimposealongersentencefor   violationsofcommunitycorrectionsentencespursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4036106(e)(4)(Supp.1994).Section4036106(e)(4)statesinpertinentpart: Thecourtshallalsopossessthepowertorevokethesentenceimposed...andthecourtmayresentencethedefendanttoanyappropriatesentencingalternative,includingincarceration,foranyperiodoftimeuptothemaximumsentenceprovidedfortheoffensecommitted,lessanytimeactuallyservedinanycommunitybasedalternativetoincarceration. |  5$  X^AXX X `   1    Tenn.CodeAnn.3917417(a)(4)(Supp.1994)states: Itis   anoffenseforadefendanttoknowingly...[p]ossessacontrolledsubstancewithintenttomanufacture,deliverorsellsuchcontrolledsubstance.#2e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;$22e  0  .3  0     D$  XXX X `   9    WenotealsothatTenn.R._Crim_.P.32(c)(3)providesfor   mandatory_consecutive_Ԁsentenceswhereasubsequentoffenseiscommittedwhilethedefendantisonparole,afterthedefendanthasbeenreleasedonbail,orafterthedefendanthasescaped.Byitsactofratifyingandapprovingthisrule,wedonotthinkthelegislaturehasexpresseditsintenttoimposemandatoryconsecutivesentenceswheneveracrimeiscommittedafterthedefendanthassomehowreceivedthelargessofthelawaftercommissionofaprioroffense.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.163403(1994)(statingthatcourt < rules shallnotabridge,enlargeormodifyanysubstantiveright).ThisCourtisboundbythelanguageemployedbytheGeneralAssemblyeventhough,asapracticalmatter,consecutivesentencingforpersonswhocommitoffenseswhileoncommunitycorrectionsseemsjustasappropriateasconsecutivesentencingforpersonswhocommitoffenseswhileonprobation.   5$  X^AXX X `   4    Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(6)states: Thecourtmay   ordersentencestorunconsecutivelyifthecourtfindsbyapreponderanceoftheevidencethat...[t]hedefendantissentencedforanoffensecommittedwhileonprobation.    i  D$  XXX X `   5    Tenn.CodeAnn.3917417(c)(2)(Supp.1994)states: Any   otherScheduleIIcontrolledsubstance,includingcocaineinanamountoflessthanpointfive(.5)grams,isaClassCfelony....(3$ !  (3$ !   "  X+XX X2sXX+   Ad FILEDX+X2s  January25,1999CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAh ,cAZ"Arial Regular   D$  XXX X `   8    Atrialcourtmayimposeconsecutivesentencingifitfindsby   apreponderanceoftheevidencethatoneormoreoftherequiredstatutorycriteriaexist.Furthermore,thecourtisrequiredtodeterminewhetherconsecutivesentencingis(1)reasonablyrelatedtotheseverityoftheoffensescommitted;(2)servestoprotectthepublicfromfurthercriminalconductbytheoffender;and(3)consistentwithgeneralprinciplesofsentencing.Statev.  Wilkerson,905S.W.2d933(Tenn.1995).!$&C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5   D$  XXX X `   6    Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(2)states: Thecourtmay   ordersentencestorunconsecutivelyifthecourtfindsbyapreponderanceoftheevidencethat...[t]hedefendantisanoffenderwhoserecordofcriminalactivityisextensive.($$   1  ((' dxdP Pd----'dxd d v!     7^AXXdd7X^AXX X  $XX XX$X^AXXX^ATR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T   X^AXXX^A=^AXXdd= Oa     r )<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxP  rߛ @ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@*ATNASHVILLESTATEOFTENNESSEE  )FORPUBLICATION   Ѐ    h     ) \   Appellee h     )FILED:JANUARY25,1999 2      h     )v.    h     )MONTGOMERYCOUNTY j      h     )JABBAULPETTUS   h     )HON.JOHNH.GASAWAY,Judge   Ѐ  ) `   Appellant h     )NO.01S019709CC00202 6 ForAppellant:   h     ForAppellee:  MICHAELR.JONES h     JOHNKNOXWALKUP H  Clarksville,TN h     AttorneyGeneralandReporter !        h     MICHAELE.MOORE    h     SolicitorGeneral    h     LISAA.NAYLOR    h     AssistantAttorneyGeneral    h     Nashville,TN    h     JOHNWESLEYCARNEY,JR.    h     DistrictAttorneyGeneral    h     WILLIAMM.CLOUD,JR.    h     AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral    h     Clarksville,TN    h      p ̜  OPINION̛̜  AFFIRMED    h      p      x  BIRCH,J.#X^AXX X^Ae# X^AXXX^Aԛ X4)2   8-7 #X^AXX X^A # JabbaulPettus,theappellant,pleadedguiltytothe unlawfulpossessionofaScheduleIIsubstance(cocaine)withintenttosell. X^AXXX^A  #  1      ׀Omittedfromtheindictment,however,wasanyreference  X totheamountofsubstancepossessed.#X^AXX X^A #TYXX^A  #  2      ׀#X^AXTY#Thisomission  notwithstanding,theoffensewastreatedasaClassBfelonyandPettusacquiescedinaneightyearsentencetocommunitycorrectionsatermwellwithintherangeprovidedforClassBfelonies. X^AXXX^AWhileoncommunitycorrectionsforthedrugoffense,   Pettuscommittedadditionaloffenseswhichresultedinhisguiltypleatoattemptedaggravatedrobbery.Forthisnewoffense,thetrialcourtimposedasixyearsentencetotheDepartmentofCorrection.Duringthesamehearing,thetrialcourtrevokedthecommunitycorrectionssentenceandreplaceditwithatenyearterm totheDepartmentofCorrection.   #  3      ׀BasedontheprovisionsofTenn.   CodeAnn.4035115(b)(6)(Supp.1994),  #  4      #X^AXX X^A;# X^AXXX^AԀthetrialcourtordered   thesentencestobeconsecutivelyserved. #X^AXX X^AD# Onappeal,Pettuscontendsthattheindictmentfailedtospecify0.5gramsormoreastheamountofsubstancepossessedandthattheindictmentthereforedescribesaClassCfelony.  #  5      ׀Thus,he \  insiststhataClassBfelonysentencewasillegallyimposed.HealsocontendsthattheimpositionofconsecutivesentencespursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(6)waserroneous.Becausewefindthatbyentryoftheguiltyplea,Pettuswaivedtherighttoraiseanynonjurisdictionaldefectintheindictment,weaffirmthejudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsapprovingtheClassBsentence.Further,wefindthatacommunitycorrectionssentenceisnotequivalenttoprobation,andthetrialcourtconsequentlyerredinimposingconsecutivesentencesonthisbasis.However,weaffirmthejudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsonthesentencingissuebecausetherecordsupportstheimpositionofconsecutivesentencesunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(2)(Supp.1994)."   #  6      כ &l" М̛ P*&   I   Theindictmentagainst_Pettus_Ԁforpossessionofcocainewithintenttosellprovides:8 8 H! H!that_Jabbaul_ԀL._Pettus_Ԁof[Montgomery]County,heretofore,towit,onoraboutthe24thdayofAugust,1994,andpriortothefindingofthisindictment,...unlawfullyandknowinglydidpossess,withintenttosell,acontrolledsubstance,towit:Cocaine...inviolationof_TCA_Ԁ3917417andagainstthepeaceanddignityoftheStateofTennessee.  Interestinglyenough,_Pettus_Ԁneitherclaimsthathisguiltypleatothisindictmentwasinvoluntarilyenterednordoesheseektosetitaside.Essentially,hecontendsthathedidnotagreetothelengthiersentenceforaClassBfelony.  TheprincipleiswellsettledinTennesseejurisprudencethatthevoluntaryentryofaninformedandcounseledguiltypleaconstitutesanadmissionofallfactsnecessarytoconvictandwaivesallnonjurisdictionaldefectsandconstitutionalirregularitieswhichmayhaveexistedpriortotheentryoftheguiltyplea.SeeHicksv.State,945S.W.2d706,709(Tenn.1997); -#* Statev.Wallen,863S.W.2d34,3839(Tenn.1993).Inourthorough T/$, examinationoftherecord,wehavebeenunabletofindanyjurisdictionalirregularityordefectintheproceedingsleadingtotheentryoftheguiltyplea.  6x+4  ThecasesofBoykinv.AlabamaandStatev.Mackeyare XXXXԀthe    landmarkconstitutionalcasesforanalysesofguiltyp#XXX X?#leas. XXXXBoykin 8  v.Alabama,395U.S.238,89S.Ct.1709,23L.Ed.2d274(1969)  X (federalstandard);Statev.Mackey,553S.W.2d337(Tenn.1977)  (statestandard).InBoykin,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtheld < thatbeforeatrialjudgecanacceptaguiltyplea,theremustbeanaffirmativeshowingthatitwasgivenintelligentlyandvoluntarily.Id.at242,89S.Ct.at1711,23L.Ed.2dat279.Inorderto @  findthatthepleawasentered intelligentlyor voluntarily,thecourtmust canvass[]thematterwiththeaccusedtomakesurehehasafullunderstandingofwhatthepleaconnotesandofits D consequences.Id.at244,89S.Ct.at1712,23L.Ed.2dat280#XXX X# XXXX p (emphasisadded). Likewise,inMackey,thisCourtheldthat therecordof  " acceptanceofadefendantspleaofguiltymustaffirmativelydemonstratethathisdecisionwasbothvoluntaryandknowledgeable,i.e.,thathehasbeenmadeawareofthesignificantconsequencesofsuchaplea....553S.W.2dat340.Basedupontheforegoing,wehavenohesitationinconcludingthatPettussguiltypleametboththefederalandstatestandardsandis,therefore,valid.#XXX X## XXXXThus,thevalidpleaconstitutesanagreementtothelengthier -4#* sentence.#XXX X%# l/$,  Thenatureofthepleabargainprocessingeneral,andthetrialcourtsorderinparticular,supportsthisconclusion.First,itiscommonlyknownthatthepleabargainprocessinvolvesacertainamountof giveandtakesoastoreacharesolutionthat 7<-6 isacceptabletoboththeStateandthedefendant.Often,thisprocessincludesexaggerationorunderstatementofthefactsandcircumstancesoftheoffense.Specifically,wehaveupheldpleabargainagreementsandresultantsentencesincaseswherethedefendanthasacceptedasentenceinarangehigherthancalledforbytheindictedoffense.SeeStatev.Mahler,735S.W.2d226,228 \  (Tenn.1987);accordHicks,945S.W.2dat706.    InHicks,thedefendantenteredaguiltypleaandwas `  convictedofvoluntarymanslaughter,aClassCfelony.Id.at706.   Inexchangefortheplea,Hicksreceiveda hybridsentenceofRangeIIincarceration(tenyears)coupledwithRangeIreleaseeligibility(thirtypercent).  #  7      ׀Id.Underthelawatthetime,the  punishmentforRangeIwasthreetosixyearsandforRangeIIwassixtofifteenyears.Id.Inapostconvictionpetition,Hicks !h arguedthatthesentencehereceivedwasinvalid.Id.However, # thisCourtheldthataknowingandvoluntaryguiltypleawaivesanyirregularityastooffenderclassificationorreleaseeligibility.Id.at709. ($  Likewise,inWallen,thedefendantenteredguiltypleas +p!( butlaterclaimedthathissentencewasillegalbecauseoneoftheconvictionsusedtojustifyespeciallyaggravatedoffenderstatushad,intheinterim,beenreversed.863S.W.2dat36.Westated:8 8 H! H!Inthiscase,thepetitionerwithfullknowledgeofhisrights,voluntarilytookthebenefitsofthe .5*3 pleabargain.Inacceptingthosebenefits...hewaivedanyirregularityordefectintheproceedingsincludingthepossibilitythatthepriorconvictionsusedtoenhancehispunishmentmightbesetaside.  .Id.at3839.    Similarly,inthecaseunderreview,Pettusspleabargainincludedthedistrictattorneygeneralspromisetoforgoprosecutiononseveralotheroffensesinexchangefortheguiltyplea.Additionally,Pettuswaswellintoserviceofthesentencewhenheraisedthisissue. Basedontheforegoingdiscussion,Pettus,withfullknowledgeofhisrights,voluntarilyacceptedthepleabargain.Byacceptingit,hewaivedhisrighttocontestanynonjurisdictionaldefectinthesentencingprocess.Accordingly,thisissueiswithoutmerit.  II    XXXXThesecondissueconcernsPettusscontentionthatthe ,F") trialcourterredbyimposingconsecutivesentenceswhichisgovernedbyTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(1997).  #  8      ׀Specifically, *0%- PettuscontendsthatforpurposesofconsecutivesentencingunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(6),acommunitycorrectionssentenceshouldnotbetreatedasprobation.Pettuscontendsthattheimpositionofconsecutivesentencesforattemptedaggravatedrobberyandpossessionofcocaine,basedonthefactthattheattemptedaggravatedrobberywascommittedwhilehewasoncommunitycorrectionsforthedrugoffense,waserroneous.#XXX X2# XXXX Whenthereisachallengetothelength,range,ormannerofserviceofasentence,itisthedutyofthereviewingcourttoconductadenovoreviewwithapresumptionthatthedeterminations D madebythelowercourtfromwhichtheappealistakenarecorrect.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d)(1997).Thispresumptionis conditionedupontheaffirmativeshowingintherecordthatthetrialcourtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Statev.Davis,940S.W.2d558,559 #  (Tenn.1997);Statev.Ashby,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991). X%   Webeginbyrecognizingthatprobationandcommunitycorrectionssentencesarealternativestoincarceration,eachofwhichincludesasuspensionofincarceration.SeeTenn.CodeAnn. ,|!( 4035303(c)(Supp.1994)(probation);Tenn.CodeAnn.4036106(e)(1)(Supp.1994)(communitycorrections).Butthatsimilarityalonedoesnotallowcourtstotreatthealternativesasequivalents,ignoringtherebythenaturalandordinarymeaningofthelanguageusedinthestatute.SeeCarterv.State,952S.W.2d d4)2 417,419(Tenn.1997)#XXX X5# XXXX;Tugglev.AllrightParkingSys.,Inc.,922 6+4 S.W.2d105,107(Tenn.1996).#XXX X5;# XXXX 70-6 Ї#XXX X;# XXXX Todeterminewhetherthelegislatureintendedacommunity   correctionssentencetobeequivalenttoaprobationsentence,weϜmustexaminethelanguageoftherelevantstatutes.Anelementaryprincipleofstatutoryconstructionrequiresthatweascertainandgiveeffecttothelegislaturesintentwithoutundulyrestrictingorexpandingastatutescoveragebeyonditsintendedscope. \  Carter,952S.W.2dat419#XXX X4<# XXXX;Hicks,945S.W.2dat707.Legislative   intentandpurposearetobeascertainedprimarilyfromthenaturalandordinarymeaningofthelanguageused,withoutaforcedorsubtleconstructionthatwouldlimitorextendthemeaningofthestatute.Hawksv.CityofWestmoreland,960S.W.2d10,16(Tenn. D 1997);Carter,952S.W.2dat419.Ifthelegislativeintentis d expressedinamannerdevoidofcontradictionandambiguity,thereisnoroomforinterpretationorconstruction,andcourtsarenotatlibertytodepartfromthewordsofthestatute.Hawks,960S.W.2d !h at16.#XXX X]># Areviewofthelanguageoftherelevantstatutesreveals &l" acleardistinctionbetweencommunitycorrectionsandprobation.Forexample,theSentencingCommissionCommentstoTenn.CodeAnn.4035303(a)statethatacourtmayallow adefendantsentencedtocommunitycorrectionstobeplacedonprobation,includinganoffenderoriginallyineligibleforprobation,afterserviceofone(1)yearoncommunitycorrections.Inthesamevein,Tenn.CodeAnn.4036106(f)states,inpertinentpart,thatacourtmaypermit aneligibledefendanttoparticipateinacommunitybasedalternativetoincarcerationasaconditionofprobation.Similarly,Tenn.CodeAnn.4036106(e)(3)(A)states: 7$-6  XXXX8 8 H! H!Thecourt...hasthepowertoterminateanoffenderfromthe[communitycorrections]programandtoplacetheoffenderonsupervisedorunsupervisedprobationuponashowingthattheoffenderdidabidebytheconditionsimposedontheoriginalsentenceandthattheoffendersplacementonprobationpresentsnosubstantialrisktopublicsafety....  rD Inreadingtheseprovisionstogether,wefindthatthelegislaturedidnotintendacommunitycorrectionssentenceandaprobationsentencetobeequivalents     forpurposesofconsecutivesentencingunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(6) .  Thelegislaturemakesreferencetoprobationandcommunitycorrectionsasdistinctalternativestoincarcerationwhereanoffendermayinitiallybeeligibleforacommunitycorrectionssentencebutineligibleforprobation.Theclarityofthestatutorylanguagepreventsundueexpansionofthestatutescoveragebeyonditsintendedscope.Carter,952S.W.2dat419;Hicks,945S.W.2dat707.  #  9      ׀ L%   Inthecaseathand,wemustvacatetheconsecutivesentence,whichwasimposedpursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035 P*& Oa   115(b)(6),becauseacommunitycorrectionssentenceisnot equivalen  t  analogous toaprobationsentence.However,therecordsupportstheimpositionofaconsecutivesentencepursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(2)(Supp.1994).Pettushasanextensivecriminalrecordwhichdatesbackto1992.Priortothedrugoffenseandsubsequentattemptedaggravatedrobberycharge,Pettusscriminalactivityincludedtwotheftconvictions,anunlawfulweaponsconviction,aconvictionofcontributingtothedelinquencyofaminor,andaconvictionofdrivingonarevokedorsuspendedlicense.BecausewefindthatPettussrecordofcriminalactivityisextensive,weaffirmtheimpositionofconsecutivesentencingbaseduponTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(2).#XXX XSD# XXXXԛ d @/III Inconclusion,wefindthatbyentryofthe pleaof guilty plea tothedrugoffense,Pettuswaivedtherighttocontestthedefectallegedintheindictment.Accordingly,weapprovethesentenceimposedbythetrialcourtforthedrugoffense.Wefind,also,thatthetrialcourtstreatmentofcommunitycorrectionsandprobationasoneandthesameforconsecutivesentencingpurposeswaserroneous.Thesentenceshall,nevertheless,remainconsecutivebecausePettussrecordofcriminalactivityisextensive.̜    Ӝ#XXX XrM#      h      p ______________________________    h      p ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,Justice̜CONCUR:̜Anderson,C.J.Drowota,Holder,JJ.  8-7    Barker,J.,notparticipating