WPC#! # VUNa % 0 U FF w@ 4  0 0D 0 b 0J UF 0TM 0^  0h 0ro 0| 0] 0 1us 0d BLU>iU6 D3B) 0@DC2 AMuU*F&2XC8v~-v AO~ 0D D/ B!HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPT0 (9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(i$XfXXXXfXXXfqa XXf  <Q 9Z .Courier New Regular rsTtTuUvDwxyzӀD 3|x((37$ !XNXXXXNXXXN2XXN       0  (#$  0  (3*$ !XNXXXXNXXXN2XXN   - -2 0Indent123  .Courier New Regular2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X d<  9p`(&Times New Roman<  9p`(Courier New$$$$'dxd !  #d#())    )  % Line 7 d("$    ,,,,7Border 1dd-.C << G<  9p`(Arial < !  #d#())   00   YYY FILED0XNovember12,1996CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerk    !#d#())    $       )XTenn.CodeAnn.371607(a)(3)(1996)). !#d#())    $       Majorityopinion,page10. !#d#())    $       Tenn.CodeAnn.371607(a)(3). !#d#())    $       Seemajorityopinion,page18.PtPt HH@Rd(hh @d' Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   BA Op Geneva  BA Op Geneva -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . ())           \RA'\)Xԛ7NXXdd7+֜@ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE̜@ ATNASHVILLESTATEOFTENNESSEE,   ) ForPublication      ) Appellee,    )      )       )v.      ) DavidsonCounty      )      )Hon.SethNorman,JudgeNATHANSMITH,    )       )ٜL/1.;+'h|s`  `Lߛ Appellant.   ) No.01S019509CR00151        DISSENTINGOPINION   Ӝ  ThemajoritymakesreferencetorelevantdecisionsofthisCourtandtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtandsetsforththecontrollinglegalprinciples.However,themajorityerrs,inmyview,inconcluding,basedonthoseprinciples,thatthedefendantsincriminatingstatementswereadmissibleasevidenceofhisguilt.Inmyview,therecordshowsthatthedefendantsincriminatingstatementswere,infact,notfreeandvoluntarybutwereobtainedbyimproperinfluence,boththethreatofprosecutionandthepromisetoforebearprosecution,inviolationofArticleI,Section9oftheConstitutionofTennesseeandtheFifthAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.  ThedefendantwasconvictedonstatementsmadetoTracyWalker,theDHSmemberofastatutoryinvestigatingteam, 2   ׀andonstatementsmadetoamentalhealthcounselor,towhomthedefendantwasreferredbyWalkerandwhoviolatedtheethicalobligationtoadvisethedefendantthathisstatementswerenotprivileged.  Walkersaccountoftheadvisegiventhedefendant,whichisrelieduponbythemajority,isinsummaryform,phrasedasconclusionsratherthananaccountoftheconversationbetweenherandthedefendant.Nevertheless,therehardlycouldbeaclearercaseoftheStatethreateningapenaltyiftheprivilegeagainstselfincriminationshouldbeassertedandpromisingareprieveshouldthedefendantconfessandacceptcounseling.8 8 8 WhatwasexplainedtoMr.Smithwasthat,hecouldnotbepromisednoprosecution,butthebestthingwastotellthetruthandtogetintocounseling,sointheendhisfamilycouldbereunited....Iexplainedthatmyexperiencewith[the]DistrictAttorneysOfficeisthat,incaseswhereapersonhasaproblem,iftheygointocounselingtheDistrictAttorneymaynotprosecute,butIcouldnotpromisethat....Iexplainedthealternatives;thatifthereisaproblem,[he]shouldadmitit,andmorethanlikelytheD.A.willnotprosecuteifMr.Smithgetsintotreatment.IcautionedhimthatIcannotpromisenoprosecution,thatmyexperienceisthattheD.A.handledsuchcasesinthismanner.Majorityopinion,page1213.  TheDHSagent'stestimony,notsurprisingly,beginswiththeexplanationthatthedefendantcouldnotbepromisedthathewouldnotbeprosecuted.However,accordingtohertestimony,shehurriedtoadvise thebestthingforthedefendantwastoadmitthecrimeandacceptcounseling.Thiswasthe bestthingbecause hisfamilycouldbereunited.Thisexpectationofbenefitofferedthedefendantforconfessingwasvalidatedby"herexperience"thatapersonwho"hasaproblem" maynotbeprosecutedifthatpersonadmitstheabuseandacceptscounseling.The maynotprosecutelanguagewasthensupplementedwith morethanlikelytheDAwillnotprosecute.WalkeragainsupportedthereliabilityofheradvicebyreferencetoherexperiencewiththeDistrictAttorneyGeneral.  ThestatementsmadebyWalkerclearlywereanofferofleniencyifhewouldconfessandathreatofprosecutionifhedidnotconfess.Walkersdisclaimerthatshecouldnotpromisenoprosecutiondidnoteliminatethecoercivenatureofheradvice.Thepromiseandthreatcombination,underthecircumstancesofthiscase,likelywasmorecoercivethanphysicalforce.Toapersoninthedefendantscircumstances,whatcouldbemorecoercivethanareasonableexpectationthathewouldnotbeprosecutedandwouldbereunitedwithhiswifeandchild?  Since,asobservedbythemajority, 3   ׀thecourtshavenotbeenabletoarticulateareliabletestforvoluntariness,comparisonofthefactsinthiscasewiththoseinpriorcasesisoflittlehelp.Althoughdifficulttodefineaccurately,voluntarinessinaparticularsituationiseasilyrecognized.Whenthefactsofthiscaseareappliedtotheruleoflawannouncedbythemajority,theconclusionisobvious.Thedefendantsconfessionwasnot freeandvoluntary;thatis,...notextractedbyanysortofthreats...,norobtainedbyanydirectorimpliedpromises,howeverslight,norbytheexertionofanyimproperinfluence.SeeMajorityOpinion,page10.  Walkerwasastateagent,chargedwithinvestigatingthecriminaloffenseandpreservingevidenceforfutureprosecution. 4   ׀Shesuccessfullyaccomplishedthatresult,sheobtainedthemostdamningevidencepossibleadmissionbytheaccusedthathecommittedtheoffense.Thetrialjudge'scharacterizationofthestate'sconductisaccurateandeloquent"youmousetrappedhim."Notwithstandingthemajority'ssevereadmonition, 5   ׀theopinionwillencouragestateagentstooperateonthebrinkofconstitutionalerror,confidentthisCourtwillnotnoticeinquisitionalzealousness.  Constitutionalprinciplesaremereillusionsunlesstheyaregiveneffectintherealworld,evenforthebenefitofpersonschargedwithdetestablecrimes.Whocansaythatsociety'sbestinterests(includingthoseoftheinnocentvictim)wouldnothavebeenbetterservedhadtheconstitutionbeenhonored,thedefendantaffordedtreatment,andprosecutionheldinabeyance,allasoutlinedbyTracyWalker.  Inmyview,theconfessionwasobtainedinviolationofArticleI,Section9oftheConstitutionofTennesseeandtheFifthAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,andthemotiontosuppressshouldhavebeengranted.       ___________________________       REID,J.