ÿWPC9 Uo¼ &‰&ô¸[+@=_ê…fœÃ–Ýc¾þþàfõ³©$®YÅ¡ÑÐZ€”BÉ2i8ìda(Ð<ëÞ:v8–ì³·—~{fš~ªjrd°ÐA´¦4<«LK®‚ç –Ä¬ðßk"—+ÿ[žê ú‹ø¸f'3€Ë0ÅF†& ™ü.ks4÷f$ 8óö£¿ Á§#´R ©‚ßC Þµ÷\Í}X‰º²ÿåãþ%¾à³ˆê»ôé1<‚ÐL‡Öêbj£.jmŒ%šŠ<þ!P“•ÌI%ØÒñ˻؀ö‘¯J á/A~;Á“çaOw^'èÊ‘»É/fôÊ$!ïÛ¤×b#øO)UN> %Œ 0(’@ºw@ú4:N AQ]®U:¯UNé 7 ? G O W _ g o w    ‰ 0C“UNÖ 0C$nYgÀ U BÀ À    Æ 0DÚ 0D 0Db÷¦ D/ BÌ Bé D3(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡c:\office\wpwin\template\jo.wpt PU PÓ€V î! fJ'43|x! !"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ ÷Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ X‚³XXXÔÔ€ rX X‚³ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X‚³X rÔÐ  ÐÌAugust€9,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regulari1i2i3i4i5i6i7i8i9i10i11(2B$©©Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó«ô\  `*Times New RomanTTôôCô\  PŽ6QôP"ÝÆÿA€ArialTTomanTTXXaÝÆÿptQXpô\  `*Times New RomanTT¼¼^ô\  PŽ6Q¼Pô\  `*Times New RomanTTXXPô\  PŽ6QXPô\  `*Times New RomanTTRAnô\  PŽ6QRPô\  `*Times New RomanTT Ý ƒB)ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒ8°ÒÓ  ÓÓ<(ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°œX<ÓÔ  ÔÔ@  ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚÔA  ÔÌÓ  ÓÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿ` ‹X?Ó ûÝ ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ‡ X‚³XXXÔÔ‡ rX X‚³ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ#† X‚³X r:#ÔÐ  ÐÌAugust€9,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó óƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó íÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ‡¼Oz¼XXÔÔ‡¼êã ¼¼¼OzÔÒ°ÒÒ8°ÒÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°œX?ÓÔ#†X"‹ X ¼¼êã#ÔÔ‡Rý¡ R XX"‹ÔÔ#†R$, R RRý¡:#ÔÔ‡Rý¡ R RR$,Ôòòò…òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó…óóóÔ#†X"‹ X RRý¡×#ÔÔ#†X¥HX XX"‹#ÔÔ‡X"‹ XXX¥HÔ€€The€notice€issue€is€not€part€of€this€appeal.'''÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ‡¼Oz¼XXÔÑTRI`ˆ; #ÿ Legal3Ø'ˆ; #ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑññßr€ (<,(j 8` `€€@E±` 8ttxPȰð  rßññà@© © üàò òòòIN€THE€SUPREME€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌà@»»"üàAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌó óÌÔ% ‡ ÔCLARICE€TALLEYÔ%† “Ôà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆà  àÔ% ‡ ÔSUMNER€CHANCERYÔ%† ßÔÐ ð @ Ðà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆà  àNo.€Below€Ô% ‡ Ô96C„324Ô%†KÔÐ  P Ðà ` àPlaintiff/AppellÔ% ‡ ÔeeÔ%†¡Ôà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆÐ  ` Ðà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆà  àHon.€Ô% ‡ ÔJ.O.€BondÔ%†ÔÐ  p Ðvs.à@üü(üàˆàHÎÎ(üà}ˆÐ 0€  Ðà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆÌà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆà  àNo.€Ô% ‡ Ô01S01„9807„CH„00143Ô%†ÃÔÐ P   ÐÔ% ‡ ÔSUMNER€COUNTY,Ô%† Ôññà h àà À àññññ}ññññññóóññññññÔ#†X¥HX¼¼Oz)#ÔÔ‡¼Oz¼XX¥HÔññññññòòññññÐ `°  ЀTENNESSEEà@ÎÎ(üà}ññññóóññññÔ#†X¥HX¼¼Oz¡#ÔÔ‡¼Oz¼XX¥HÔññññòòññññà@@ÎÎ(üàññ}ññˆà  àREVERSED€ANDÐ pÀ  Ðà ` àDefendant/AppellÔ% ‡ ÔantÔ%†åÔà@ÎÎ(üà}ˆà  àÔ% ‡ ÔÔ%†&ÔDISMISSEDÐ €Ð ÐÌà@üü(üàññˆÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àññJUDGMENT€ORDERóóÐ ° ÐÌÌÓ€Óà ` àòòThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€the€entire€record,Ð à0 Ðincluding€the€order€of€referral€to€the€Special€WorkersððÏCompensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€the€Panelððs€MemorandumÏOpinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,Ïwhich€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference.Ìà ` àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€MemorandumÏOpinion€of€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌà ` àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€theÏPanel€is€made€the€judgment€of€the€Court.Ìà ` àCosts€will€be€paid€by€Ô% ‡ Ôplaintiff/appelleeÔ%†„ Ô,€for€which€executionÏmay€issue€if€necessary.Ìà ` àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€on€Ô% ‡ ÔAugust€9,€1999Ô%† Ô.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àññPER€CURIAMññóóÌà ` àÔ#†X¥HX¼¼OzH#Ôññà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àññññòòÔ‡¼Oz¼XX¥HÔPER€CURIAMóóÔ#†X¥HX¼¼Oz% #ÔññññÐ  00€+0 Ðñññ ñÑTR\ä AØ'I`ˆ; #ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'ˆ; #ÿ LegalTÑÒ8°ÒÖ€ÿÿÖÑ  ÑÔ&  ÔÓ  ÓÓ<(ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°œX<ÓÔ‡¼Oz¼XX¥HÔÔ‡¼êã ¼¼¼OzÔÔ  Ôßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@E@±` 8ttxPx°ð  rßIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌ(March€31,€1999€Session)ÌÌñ ññ!ñÓ€Óñ!ññ ñÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿ` ‹X?ÓCLARICE€TALLEY,à h àà À àà  à)à p àSUMNER€CHANCERYÐ Y© Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àPlaintiff„Appellee,à À àà  à)à p àHon.€J.€O.€Bond,Ð …Õ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àChancellor.Ð ›ë Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ± Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àNo.€01S01„9807„CH„00143Ð Ç ÐSUMNER€COUNTY,€TENNESSEE,à  à)Ð Ý- Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àDefendant„Appellant.à À àà  à)Ð  Y ÐÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àòòFor€Appelleeóó:òòÐ w!Ç ÐóóÌJames€C.€Bradshawà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àWilliam€L.€UnderhillÐ £#ó  ÐWyatt,€Tarrant€&€Combsà À àà  àà p àà È àMadison,€TennesseeÐ ¹$ ! ÐHendersonville,€TennesseeÌÌWilliam€R.€WrightÌGallatin,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ<(ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿŒX<ÓòòM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÐi-¹()ÿ ЇÌòòMembers€of€Panelóó:Ð Æ ÐÌFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€JusticeÌThomas€W.€Brothers,€Special€JudgeÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿ` ‹X?ÓÌÓ  ÓÓ<(ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿŒX<ÓÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿ` ‹X?ÓÌÓ  ÓREVERSED€AND€DISMISSEDà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àLoser,€JudgeÓ {ÀÓÐ ä4 ÐÓ  ÓÓ<(ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿŒX<ÓòòMEMORANDUM€OPINIONóóÔ'1°!ÔÐ Ë ÐÓ  ÓÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿ` ‹X?Óà ` àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€the€SpecialÏWorkers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€in€accordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô#†X"‹ X ¼¼êãu#Ôñ ññ!ññ ñÔ‡XßóX¼¼7†Ôñ ññ!ññ ñððÔ‡¼êã ¼ XX"‹ÔÐ È Ð50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€and€reporting€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€ofÏlaw.€€In€this€appeal,€the€employer,€Sumner€County,€insists€(1)€the€evidenceÏpreponderates€against€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€employee€suffered€aÏcompensable€injury€by€accident,€(2)€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourt's€finding€that€the€employee's€mental€condition€is€one€arising€out€of€and€inÏthe€course€of€employment,€(3)€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourt's€award€of€temporary€total€disability€benefits€and€(4)€the€trial€court€erredÏin€awarding€certain€unauthorized€medical€benefits.€€As€discussed€below,€theÏpanel€has€concluded€the€judgment€should€be€reversed€and€the€case€dismissed.Ó {ÀÓÌà ` àÌà ` àThe€employee€or€claimant,€Clarice€Talley,€initiated€this€action€to€recoverÏworkers'€compensation€benefits€for€a€claimed€injury€suffered€on€September€30,Ï1997€as€a€result€of€a€meeting€at€work€in€which€her€supervisor,€Dennis€Petty,Ïthreatened€to€fire€her€because€of€mistakes€that€were€made,€in€which€Petty€usedÏvulgar€language.€€She€also€alleged€in€her€complaint€that€she€was€publiclyÏhumiliated€two€weeks€later€when€an€article€appeared€in€the€Gallatin€newspaperÐ (*x%# Ðconcerning€possible€irregularities€in€the€Sumner€County€payroll.€€In€its€answer,Ïthe€employer€denied€that€she€had€suffered€a€compensable€injury€and€assertedÏthat€she€had€not€given€proper€notice.ÑÈÑ׃$×Ý ƒÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Ü, Ðà ` àÌà ` àAfter€a€trial€on€the€merits,€the€trial€judge€found€that€the€claimant€sufferedÏsevere€emotional€trauma€when,€at€the€meeting,€Mr.€Petty€accused€her€ofÏviolating€a€fiduciary€responsibility€to€the€county,€awarded,€òòinter€alia,óó€permanentÐ 4 „ Ðpartial€disability€benefits€based€on€sixty€percent,€which€award€was€converted€toÏa€money€judgment€of€$86,157.60,€temporary€total€disability€benefits€fromÏDecember€1,€1996€to€January€16,€1998,€which€award€was€converted€to€a€moneyÏjudgment€of€$22,077.84,€lifetime€medical€benefits€and€discretionary€costs€ofÏ$1,371.60.Ìà ` àÌà ` àAppellate€review€is€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record€of€the€trial€court,Ð Î  Ðaccompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact,€unless€theÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(2).Ìà ` àÌà ` àThe€claimant€has€been€employed€by€Sumner€County€in€various€capacitiesÏsince€October€of€1972.€€Since€1992,€she€worked€in€the€finance€department€as€theÏcounty's€general€payroll€and€employee€benefits€manager,€under€the€supervisionÏand€direction€of€the€finance€director,€Dennis€Petty.€€Before€1992,€Petty€was€aÏfinancial€consultant€to€Sumner€County€and€the€claimant€was€supervised€by€theÏcounty€executive,€but€the€two€worked€together.Ìà ` àÌà ` àA€few€days€before€September€30,€1996,€Petty€received€notice€from€theÏsheriff's€department€of€problems€with€insurance€premiums€being€paid€by€or€forÏits€employees.€€One€such€employee€had€been€erroneously€classified€as€full€time,Ïinstead€of€part€time,€resulting€in€the€employee's€receiving€benefits€to€which€heÏwas€not€entitled.€€It€developed€that€the€claimant€had€been€notified€of€theÏemployee's€new€classification€in€July€of€1996,€but€had€failed€to€make€theÏappropriate€adjustment€to€the€benefits€and€payroll€records.Ìà ` àÌà ` àOn€September€30,€1996,€Petty,€after€learning€of€the€erroneousÏclassification,€called€a€meeting€of€his€department,€consisting€of€the€claimant,Ð †(Ö#! Ðthree€others€and€himself.€€During€the€meeting,€Petty€informed€the€claimant€andÏthe€others€that€he€was€"pissed"€because€of€the€misclassification€of€the€sheriff'sÏemployee€and€told€the€claimant€that€if€her€work€did€not€improve€and€she€did€notÏcease€making€errors€in€her€work,€her€employment€would€be€terminated.Ìà ` àÌà ` àImmediately€thereafter,€Petty,€the€claimant€and€Cheryl€Thompson,€one€ofÏthe€other€employees€of€the€finance€department,€met€in€the€claimant's€office€forÏabout€fifteen€minutes.€€At€that€meeting,€Petty€instructed€the€others€that,€in€theÏfuture,€Ms.€Thompson€would€be€responsible€for€reviewing€all€of€the€claimant'sÏwork€for€possible€errors.Ìà ` àÌà ` àLater€the€same€day,€the€claimant,€while€on€a€cigarette€break€in€a€hallway,Ïasked€Petty€is€she€could€speak€with€him€in€private.€€Petty€agreed.€€The€claimantÏtestified€that€she€asked€him€"why€he€did€me€that€way",€and€that€he€replied€thatÏ"it€was€the€only€fucking€way€he€could€get€it€through€to€me."€€Petty€denied€usingÏthe€vulgarity,€but€the€trial€judge€resolved€the€conflicting€testimony€in€favor€ofÏthe€claimant.€€Everyone€finished€the€work€day€and€went€home.€€However,€theÏclaimant€has€not€returned€to€work€since€that€day.Ìà ` àÌà ` àThereafter,€there€appeared€a€series€of€newspaper€articles€exposingÏirregularities€in€the€finance€department.€€Although€she€was€not€mentioned€inÏthem,€the€claimant€testified€that€she€was€"just€devastated"€when€she€read€theÏarticles.Ìà ` àÌà ` àIn€late€October€of€the€same€year,€without€consulting€her€employer,€theÏclaimant€began€seeing€a€psychiatrist,€Dr.€William€Varner.€€She€told€the€doctorÏthat€she€had€been€under€a€great€deal€of€pressure€at€her€job€because€of€her€"new"Ïsupervisor,€Petty,€with€whom€she€had€"verbal€altercations"€and€who€hadÏcriticized€her€work.€€Dr.€Varner€testified€that€the€claimant€had€histrionic€traitsÏand€found€no€evidence€of€any€psychosis,€that€she€was€able€to€maintain€her€trainÏof€thought€adequately,€and€that€she€had€no€problems€with€her€cognitiveÏfunctions,€such€as€attention€span,€memory€and€problem€solving.€€He€did€noteÏthat€she€was€depressed€and€anxious€and€that€her€depression€and€anxiety€wereÏcausally€related€to€work€related€stress€that€had€been€building€over€a€period€ofÏtime.Ìà ` àÐ ²*&# Ðà ` àThe€claimant€was€evaluated€by€another€psychiatrist,€Dr.€John€Griffin.€€Dr.ÏGriffin€diagnosed€"major€depression,€non„psychotic,€single€episode"€and€heÏopined€that€her€depression€was€not€caused€or€related€in€any€way€to€herÏemployment€with€Sumner€County€or€her€meetings€with€her€supervisor.€€HeÏtestified€she€was€able€to€return€to€work€with€no€restrictions,€within€a€reasonableÏdegree€of€medical€certainty.€€He€further€opined,€based€on€the€claimant's€historyÏthat€her€alcoholism€and€three€failed€marriages€contributed€to€her€"intermittent"Ïdepression€over€a€period€of€years.Ìà ` àÌà ` àThe€claimant€is€fifty„sixth€years€old€with€a€high€school€education€andÏadequate€office€skills.€€Since€leaving€her€job€with€Sumner€County,€she€hasÏworked€as€a€bookkeeper€for€her€husband's€automotive€repair€business€and€herÏchurch.ñ ññ!ññ ñÓÝ Óñ ññ!ññ ñÓ {ÀÓÌà ` àUnder€the€Tennessee€Workers'€Compensation€Law,€injuries€by€accidentÏarising€out€of€and€in€the€course€of€employment€which€cause€either€disablementÏor€death€of€the€employee€are€compensable.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„6„103(a);ÏòòMcCurry€v.€Container€Corp.€of€Americaóó,€982€€S.W.2d€€841,€843€(Tenn.€1998).€Ð á1 ÐOccupational€diseases€arising€out€of€and€in€the€course€of€employment€whichÏcause€either€disablement€or€death€of€the€employee€are€compensable.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€€50„6„102(a)(5).Ìà ` àAn€accidental€injury€is€one€which€cannot€be€reasonably€anticipated,€isÏunexpected€and€is€precipitated€by€unusual€combinations€of€fortuitousÏcircumstances.€€òòA.€C.€Lawrence€Co.€v.€Lovedayóó,€224€€Tenn.€€317,€455€€S.W.2d€Ð 6† Ð141€(Tenn.€1970).€€It€is€the€resulting€injury€which€must€be€unexpected€in€orderÏfor€the€injury€to€qualify€as€one€by€accident.€€òòR.€E.€Butts€Co.€v.€Powellóó,€463€€à (# àÐ b ² ÐS.W.2d€€707€(Tenn.€1971).€€"Injury"€has€been€defined€as€including€"whateverÏlesion€or€change€to€any€part€of€the€system€(that)€produces€harm€or€pain€orÏlessened€facility€of€the€natural€use€of€any€bodily€activity€or€capability."€€òòBrownÐ ¤#ô ÐShoe€Co.€v.€Reedóó,€209€€Tenn.€€106,€350€S.W.2d€€65€(1961).€€The€Act€does€notÐ º$  Ðtreat€diseases€separately€but€includes€occupational€disease€within€the€definitionÏof€injury€by€accident.€€òòGatlin€v.€City€of€Knoxvilleóó,€822€€S.W.2d€€587€(Tenn.Ð æ&6"  Ð1991).Ô#†X"‹ X ¼¼êã}#Ôñ ññ!ññ ñÔ‡XÝ ƒÔñ ññ!ññ ñÔ#†X¥HX XX"‹”#ÔÔ‡X"‹ XXX¥HÔñ ññ!ññ ñÓÝ Óñ ññ!ññ ñÓ {ÀÓÐ ü'L#! Ðà ` àÌà ` àÔ‡¼êã ¼ XX"‹ÔÔ#†¼Oz¼ ¼¼êãÂ:#ÔÔ‡¼êã ¼¼¼OzÔA€mental€injury€by€accident€or€occupational€disease€arises€out€ofÐ *R%# Ðemployment€if€caused€by€an€identifiable,€stressful€work„related€event€producingÐ +h&$ Ðsudden€mental€stimulus€such€as€fright,€shock€or€excessive€unexpected€anxiety,Ïand€not€by€gradual€employment€stress€building€over€a€period€of€time.€€òòJose€v.Ð Æ ÐEquifax,€Inc.óó,€556€€S.W.2d€€82€(Tenn.€1977).€€If€mental€illness€naturally€flowsÐ Ü, Ðfrom€an€otherwise€compensable€physical€injury,€then€disability€resultingÏtherefrom€has€been€held€compensable€even€though€the€physical€injury€may€notÏhave€been€disabling.€€òòGluck€Brothers,€Inc.€v.€Pollardóó,€221€€Tenn.€€383,€426€Ð  n ÐS.W.2d€€763€(1968).€€In€all€but€the€most€obvious€cases,€both€causation€andÏpermanency€must€be€established€by€expert€medical€testimony.€€òòWade€v.€AetnaÐ J š ÐCasualty€and€Surety€Companyóó,€735€€S.W.2d€€215€(Tenn.€1987).€€There€is€noÐ ` ° Ðclaim€of€a€physical€injury€in€the€present€case.Ìà ` àÌà ` àIn€òòBatson€v.€Cigna€Property€and€Cas.€Cos.óó,€874€€S.W.2d€€566,€569„70,€aÐ ¢ò  Ðpanel€of€our€Supreme€Court€fairly€and€succinctly€summarized€theÏcompensability€of€stress€induced€mental€injuries€as€follows:Ìà0 ` àà ¸ àThis€Court€has€been€called€upon€many€times€to€address€whetherÏmental€disorders€are€occupational€diseases€or€compensable€accidentalÏinjuries€under€our€workers'€compensation€statute.€€In€the€leading€case,ÏòòJose€v.€Equifax,€Inc.óó,€556€€S.W.2d€€82€(Tenn.€1977),€an€insurance€claimsÐ &v Ðadjustor€alleged€that€his€psychiatric€illness€and€alcoholism€wereÏattributable€to€on„the„job€pressure€and€tension.€€The€trial€judge€dismissedÏthe€complaint€and€we€sustained€that€dismissal€holding€that:Ð `  #`  # Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àIn€proper€cases€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€a€mental€stimulus,€suchÏas€fright,€shock€or€even€excessive,€unexpected€anxiety,€could€amount€toÏan€"accident"€sufficient€to€justify€an€award€for€resulting€mental€orÏnervous€disorder.€€Clarifying€the€òòJoseóó€holding,€we€ruled€in€òòAlliedÐ À ÐChemical€Corporation€v.€Wellsóó,€578€€S.W.2d€€369€(Tenn.€1979),€thatÐ Ö& Ðworry,€anxiety€and€stress€"within€the€bounds€of€the€ups€and€downs€ofÏemotional€normal€human€experience"€are€insufficient€to€support€anÏaward.€€578€€S.W.2d€€at€373€(citing€1B€A.€Larson,€Workmen'sÏCompensation€Law,€7„152€(1978).Ð `  #`  # Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àRelying€on€our€holding€in€òòJoseóó,€we€declined€to€allow€recovery€forÐ D%”  Ða€chairman€of€the€board,€president,€and€sole€stockholder€of€a€constructionÏcompany€who€suffered€from€acute€anxiety€reaction€following€seriousÏbusiness€losses.€€In€òòMayes€v.€United€State€Fidelity€and€GuarantyÐ †(Ö#! ÐCompanyóó,€672€€S.W.2d€€773€(Tenn.€1984),€we€held€that€"[t]he€mentalÐ œ)ì$" Ðstimulus€which€precipitated€the€Plaintiff's€anxiety€is€not€the€typeÐ ²*&# Ðenvisioned€in€òòJoseóó"€.€.€.€but€fell€"within€the€category€of€the€usual€stressÐ ° Ðand€strain€encountered€in€the€operation€of€a€contracting€business."€€672€ÏS.W.2d€at€775.Ð `  #`  # Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àSimilarly€in€òòHenley€v.€Roadway€Expressóó,€699€€S.W.2d€€150€(Tenn.Ð òB Ð1985),€we€rejected€a€claim€made€by€a€worker€that€the€stress€of€third„shiftÏwork€and€lack€of€sleep€had€caused€or€aggravated€a€condition€ofÏdepressive€neurosis.€€We€deemed€that€claim€"beyond€the€reasonable€limitsÏof€the€statutory€criterion€of€injury€by€accident"€and€not€causallyÏconnected€to€employment.€€Using€the€same€rationale€we€upheld€the€denialÏof€an€award€in€òòGentry€v.€E.€I.€Dupont€Nemours€&€Co.óó,€733€€S.W.2d€€71Ð vÆ  Ð(Tenn.€1987),€wherein€a€worker€experienced€stress€when€the€recording€ofÏa€personal€phone€call€at€work€led€the€worker€to€confess€an€adulterousÏaffair€to€her€spouse.€€òòSeeóó€also€òòCigna€Property€and€Cas.€Ins.€Co.€v.€Sneedóó,Ð ¸  Ð772€€S.W.2d€€71€(Tenn.€1989)€€(emotional€problem€suffered€uponÏtermination€does€not€constitute€compensable€work„related€injury).Ð `  #`  # Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àMost€recently€in€òòGatlin€v.€City€of€Knoxvilleóó,€822€€S.W.2d€€587Ð úJ Ð(Tenn.€1991),€we€denied€benefits€to€a€police€officer€who€alleged€on„the„¼job€stress€had€triggered€his€psychiatric€condition€which€includedÏdepression,€paranoia,€and€a€major€affective€disorder.€€We€reversed€theÏtrial€court's€award€because€the€proof€"[did]€not€meet€the€òòJoseóó€test€of€anÐ R¢ Ðidentifiable€stressful€event€producing€a€sudden€fright,€shock,€or€excessiveÏunexpected€anxiety."€€822€€S.W.2d€at€592.€€Thus€we€held€definitively€thatÏ"for€a€mental€injury€by€accident€or€occupational€disease€to€arise€out€ofÏemployment€it€must€be€caused€by€an€identifiable,€stressful,€work„relatedÏevent€producing€a€sudden€mental€stimulus€such€as€fright,€shock€orÏexcessive€unexpected€anxiety,€and€therefore€it€may€not€be€by€gradualÏemployment€stress€building€up€over€a€period€of€time."€€òòIdóó€at€591„92.Ðì <`  #`  # Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àIn€each€of€those€cases€the€claimant€attempted€to€recover€solely€forÏpsychological€disorders€which€arose€from€stresses€on€the€job.€€BecauseÏthey€generally€occurred€gradually€over€time€and€not€as€a€result€of€aÏsudden€occurrence,€we€have€declined€to€view€the€resulting€mentalÏdisorder€as€arising€out€of€a€work„related€accident€as€required€by€ourÏstatute.€€Additionally,€these€psychological€conditions€developed€orÏenhanced€by€on„the„job€pressures€and€stress€and€occurring€separate€andÏapart€from€any€physical€injury€are€largely€noncompensable€under€ourÏworkers'€compensation€statutes.в*&#`  #`  # Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àÐ `  #`  # Ðà ` àThe€claimant€here€contends€that€she€was€shocked€by€the€language€usedÏby€Petty€and€anxious€because€he€used€not€only€the€above€language€but€the€termÏ"fiduciary",€which€she€somehow€took€as€an€accusation€of€a€crime,€and€relies€onÏour€Supreme€Court's€opinion€in€òòBlack€v.€State€of€Tennesseeóó,€wherein€benefitsÐ  X Ðwere€awarded€to€an€employee€who€suffered€a€heart€attack,€which€medical€proofÏestablished€to€have€been€precipitated€by€heated€exchange€with€a€supervisor€overÏvacation€time.ñ ññ!ññ ñÓÝ Óñ ññ!ññ ñÓ {ÀÓÌà ` àThe€present€case€is€easily€distinguishable€from€òòBlackóó€in€that€Ms.€TalleyÐ 1  Ðdid€not€suffer€a€heart€attack.€€Heart€attacks€are€often€compensable€when€shownÏto€have€been€precipitated€either€by€physical€exertion€or€by€some€specific€eventÏat€work€which€caused€acute€emotional€stress.€€òòSeeóó€òòKrick€v.€City€ofÐ sà  ÐLawrenceburgóó,€945€S.W.2d€€709€(Tenn.€€1997);€òòBlack€v.€Stateóó,€721€€S.W.2d€€801Ð ‰Ù  Ð(Tenn.€1986);€òòCabe€v.€Union€Carbide€Corp.óó,€644€€S.W.2d€€397€(Tenn.€1983).Ð Ÿï Ðà ` àMoreover,€the€claimant€admitted€that€she€on€occasions€used€the€sameÏlanguage€that€she€says€shocked€her€when€used€by€her€supervisor;€and€herÏtestimony€concerning€her€own€use€of€such€language€was€corroborated€by€otherÏevidence.€€Additionally,€neither€her€misunderstanding€of€the€meaning€of€theÏword€"fiduciary"€nor€shock€resulting€from€the€use€of€the€other€words€is€shownÏby€the€medical€evidence€to€have€been€the€cause€of€her€mental€disorder.€€TheÏpreponderance€of€the€medical€proof,€considered€in€its€most€favorable€light€forÏthe€claimant,€is€that€the€usual€stress€and€strain€of€her€work€contributed€to€herÏdepression€and€anxiety.€€The€conditions€are€therefore€not€compensable.ñ ññ!ññ ñÓÝ Óñ ññ!ññ ñÓ {ÀÓÌà ` àÌà ` àFor€those€reasons,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€and€the€caseÏdismissed€at€the€cost€of€the€plaintiff.ñ ññ!ññ ñÓÝ Óñ ññ!ññ ñÓ rAÓÌÓ  ÓÓ<(ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿŒX<Ó_______________________________ñ ññ!ññ ñÓÝ Óñ ññ!ññ ñÓ rAÓÌÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Joe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÓ  ÓÓ?+ÿÿ ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#ÿÿ` ‹X?ÓCONCUR:ÌÌÌÐ o*¿%# Ð_________________________________ÌFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€JusticeÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌThomas€W.€Brothers,€Special€JudgeÌÔ#†¼Oz¼ ¼¼êã;#ÔÔ#†X¥HX¼¼OzM;#Ôñ ññ!ññ ñÔ  ÔÔ  Ôñ ññ!ñ