ÿWPCË  mÞ}?hÍ>[þ™r»+ì ~Ôkø¢ ¥“Ÿ—ônmÔÝìØ°ýuÕc‘m–'R8#Tºbzq×Ó&ê†ë@´éú¥Qù@§Î–ŠIã´ã½‹ CýÈQÐMøß^Cò,ùòo~¡ÈP#\ÎJ*°Lµ›jRÉŸ½-f=wR Ún8 }Ów¸þœ’Ìe.3}5xÜäþ¯ßŠtŠóFw‘q~_8k›(96ä•¢ P×ϹÈHÖ$픊ê *v 4"ެÿÁþú c&hinxÎ »#¿{ìôÛÜ$µ”Ìj¹@Sô›”Vop™Ûâµ±Láï6e¥Þ ¥Ãl@Åwc¤\(†Ø²9Bñyè†÷˜4ÅŸÃøZO5p™²@_W*>°à6vm÷Ü5æYâ)âÖx~w]ç ² HY!ög‰,Ó9è¨á’x2÷Äo õ‰MFô2ŠCÃÖݨxÔâž˸8ʕܾÙZžÃ™§é^Ña ³¶—Á¤$4í>y@Ê#zAŠ]du4)I)"×Ü"¬F–Ðlm¢_ÿ‰dæ[±JÒèÑ ø.’s”|8“ÅâÎ&}I%Pâ‘wOMÎâ|ròš¶Y]ÒOäãª×ä4eØZ0¾¨[#Áúb» %à 0(É‘ñw‚ 4† š © ± 0DÇ Ç N ^  m :2 0ll 0DØ Ø U:    U NV ¤ E¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ B® ˜HP LaserJet 4Si,ü,,,,,ü0- ù-X($¡¡ ‡Ý ƒüÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ôÕ›òXXÔà ` àIn€characterizing€ð ðattempted€first„degree€murderðð€as€a€substantive€offense,€the€appellate€courtÐ ° Ðdistinguished€Wyattððs€indictments€from€indictments€charging€criminal€conspiracy,€which€requires€an€overt€actÐ xÈ Ðallegation.ö~ì(+,,--../3|x Ñ ° Ñ(3¯$©©Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý8mû(L ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ 0Ñ#€mXÿÿd#ÑÑ € Ñ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular  dÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑTRY,3Ø' LetterXà3Ø' Letter 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ OYÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÑ€®¯Ñà@™ ™ ìàÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ‡îùðîXXÔIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†X ôXîîùðá#ԈРÜ, ÐÌò òÔ‡¼ªó»XX ôÔÓ  ÓWILLIAM€TERRY€WYATT€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ#†X ôX»¼ªó’#Ôó óÐ øH ÐÓ±Óà@. . ìàò òAppeal€by€permission€from€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsˆÐ  ` Ðà@ìàCriminal€Court€for€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô€CountyˆÐ  P Ðà@ ìàNo.€10797€€€€€€Thomas€W.€Graham,€JudgeˆÐ ð @ ÐÌà@ìì*ìàßA€Z) °°` d€÷E<Ï ` A߈Ð Ð  ÐÌà@h h ìàNo.€E1998„00097„SC„R11„CO€€„€Filed€Ô_ÔJuly€27,€2000Ô_ÔˆÐ Ï   ÐÌßA€Z) °°` dE<®` Aßó óÐ ¯ÿ  Ðò òó óÌÌÓ=€ ô»ÐXdÐd=ÓThis€is€an€appeal€from€the€judgment€of€the€Bledsoe€County€Criminal€Court,€which€denied€theÐ žî  Ðdefendantððs€petition€for€habeas€corpus€relief.€€The€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€affirmed€the€trialÐ ŽÞ  Ðcourtððs€denial€of€the€petition,€rejecting€the€defendantððs€argument€that€his€original€indictment,€whichÐ ~Î Ðcharged€attempted€first„degree€murder€by€an€ð ðattempt€to€kill,ðð€was€insufficient€for€failing€to€allegeÐ n¾ Ðan€overt€act€and€thus€failed€to€confer€jurisdiction€on€the€trial€court.€€We€granted€the€defendantððsÐ ^® Ðapplication€for€permission€to€appeal.€€We€hold€that€the€indictment€in€this€case€sufficiently€allegesÐ Nž Ðan€act€as€required€by€the€criminal€attempt€statute€in€stating€that€the€defendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€toÐ >Ž Ðkillðð€and€that€habeas€corpus€relief€was€thus€properly€denied.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€lowerÐ .~ Ðcourtsðð€judgments.€€Ð n Ðò òÌà@~~ìàTenn.€R.€App.€P.€11;€Judgment€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€Affirmedó óˆÐ þN ÐÌòòE.€Riley€Anderson,€C.óóJ.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòFrank€F.€Drowota,€IIIÐ Þ. ÐAdolpho€A.€Birch,€Jr.,€William€M.€Barkeróó,€and€Jòòaniceóó€M.€Hòòolder,€JJ.óó,€joined.€€ò òó óÐ Î ÐÌPaula€R.€Voss,€Assistant€District€Public€Defender,€Knoxville,€Tennessee€(On€Appeal)€and€WilliamÐ ®þ ÐTerry€Wyatt,€Pikeville,€Tennessee,€Pro€Se€(At€Trial)€for€the€appellant,€William€Terry€Wyatt.Ð ž î ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Michael€E.€Moore,€Solicitor€General;€and€ElizabethÐ ~"Î! ÐB.€Marney,€Assistant€Attorney€General,€Nashville,€Tennessee;€and€James€W.€Pope,€III,€AssistantÐ n#¾" ÐDistrict€Attorney€General,€Pikeville,€Tennessee€(At€Trial),€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ^$®# ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óˆÐ >&Ž!% ÐòòóóÌà  àWe€granted€permission€to€appeal€in€this€case€to€consider€whether€an€indictment€charging€thatÐ (n#' Ðthe€defendant€did€ð ðattempt€to€kill,ðð€sufficiently€charges€the€material€elements€of€criminal€attempt€toÐ )^$( Ðcommit€first„degree€murder.€€After€a€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€authorities,€we€concludeÐ þ)N%) Ðthat€the€indictment€in€this€case€sufficiently€alleged€an€act€as€required€by€the€criminal€attempt€statuteÐ î*>&* Ðin€stating€that€the€defendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€killðð€and€that€habeas€corpus€relief€was€thus€properlyÐ Þ+.'+ Ðdenied.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals.Ð Î,(, ÐÐ ¾-)- ÐÑ®¯Ñâ âÑ8€ ôXXdðdÈ8ÑÑ€Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_ÔÌÌÌÌà@%ìàò òòòBACKGROUNDó óóóˆÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant,€William€Terry€Wyatt,€was€originally€charged€with€attempted€first„degreeÐ P   Ðmurder,€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€aggravated€rape,€and€theft€of€over€one€thousand€dollars.€Ð @  ÐPursuant€to€a€plea€agreement,€he€pled€guilty€to€the€lesser€offenses€of€attempted€second„degree€murderÐ 0 € Ðand€kidnapping.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€concurrent€sentences€of€eight€and€four€years,Ð  p  Ðrespectively.€€Ð `  ÐÌòòò òó óóóà  àHe€subsequently€filed€a€Petition€for€Writ€of€Habeas€Corpus€in€the€trial€court€alleging€that€theÐ ð@  Ðtrial€court€lacked€subject€matter€jurisdiction€to€sentence€him€because€the€count€of€the€indictmentÐ à0  Ðalleging€attempted€first„degree€murder€was€facially€defective€for€failing€to€allege€an€overt€act.€€TheÐ Ð  Ðtrial€court€denied€the€petition,€saying€that€it€was€in€essence€a€collateral€attack€on€the€sufficiency€ofÐ À Ðthe€indictment,€which€is€a€matter€outside€the€purview€of€the€habeas€corpus€statute.€€The€trial€courtÐ ° Ðstated:Ð  ð ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€writ€of€habeas€corpus€is€solely€for€the€purpose€of€testing€theÐ €Ð Ðlegality€of€the€imprisonment€and€is€limited€to€proceedings€toÐ pÀ Ðdetermine€either€facial€deficiencies€or€imprisonment€beyond€theÐ `° Ðperiod€of€the€sentence€imposed.€.€.€.€€This€Court€finds€nothing€faciallyÐ P  Ðdeficient€about€the€indictment€or€the€judgment.€.€.€.€€This€matter€isÐ @ Ðsimply€not€subject€to€further€review€in€a€habeas€corpus€proceeding.Ð0€` x` x ÐÌA€majority€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€affirmed,€reasoning€that€because€the€indictment€chargedÐ ` Ða€substantive€offense,€i.e.,€attempted€first„degree€murder,€the€indictment€need€not€allege€an€overt€act.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РP ÐThe€court€further€reasoned€that,€in€any€event,€the€language€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€killðð€necessarilyÐ ð@ Ðimplied€that€an€overt€act€was€committed.€Ô‡»ªó»XX ôÔÐ à0 ÐÌà  àÔ#†X ôX»»ªó+#ÔIn€a€separate€opinion,€Judge€Wade€concurred€in€the€judgment€but€disagreed€with€the€majorityÐ è!8 Ðthat€the€indictment€was€sufficient€simply€by€charging€the€substantive€offense€of€attempted€first„Ð Ø"(  Ðdegree€murder.€€The€concurring€opinion€reviewed€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€opinions€whichÐ È#! Ðhave€considered€the€requirements€necessary€for€a€sufficient€indictment€alleging€the€offense€ofÐ ¸$ " Ðcriminal€attempt,€and€concluded€that€the€language€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€killðð€was€sufficient€to€allegeÐ ¨%ø # Ðan€overt€act.€€òòSeeóó€òòFreeman€v.€Raneyóó,€No.€02C01„9807„CC„00202€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€March€24,Ð ˜&è!$ Ð1999)€(indictment€charging€attempted€first„degree€murder,€that€the€defendant€shot€at€the€victim,€wasÐ ˆ'Ø"% Ðfound€sufficient);€òòTwitty€v.€Carltonóó,€No.€03C01„9707„CR„00310€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Jan.€6,€1999)Ð ° Ð(indictment€charging€attempted€first„degree€murder,€that€the€defendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€kill,ðð€wasÐ  ð Ðfound€sufficient,€with€a€panel€member€dissenting€because€of€his€view€that€the€indictmentÐ à Ðinsufficiently€alleged€an€act);€òòState€v.€Christianóó,€No.€03C01„9609„CR„00336€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð €Ð ÐMarch€23,€1998)€(indictment€charging€attempted€first„degree€murder,€that€the€defendant€stabbed€theÐ pÀ Ðvictim€with€a€deadly€weapon,€was€found€sufficient);€òòState€v.€Masonóó,€No.€01C01„9603„CC„00103Ð ` ° Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€June€6,€1997)€(indictment€charging€attempted€first„degree€murder,€that€theÐ P   Ðdefendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€kill,ðð€was€found€sufficient);€òòState€v.€Stampleyóó,€No.€02C01„9409„CR„Ð @  Ð00208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Aug.€16,€1996)€(indictment€charging€attempted€first„degree€murder,€thatÐ 0 € Ðthe€defendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€kill,ðð€was€found€sufficient);€òòState€v.€DeMossóó,€No.€02C01„9406„CC„Ð  p  Ð00127€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€€April€26,€1995)€(indictment€charging€attempted€first„degree€murder,€thatÐ `  Ðthe€defendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€kill,ðð€was€found€sufficient);€òòState€v.€Battlesóó,€No.€02C01„9501„CC„Ð P  Ð00019€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Nov.€29,€1995)€(indictment€charging€attempted€aggravated€burglary,€thatÐ ð@  Ðthe€defendant€ð ðdid€attempt€to€enter€.€.€.€without€the€[ownerððs]€effective€consent,ðð€was€foundÐ à0  Ðsufficient).Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWe€granted€the€defendantððs€application€for€permission€to€appeal€this€issue€of€first€impression.Ð ° ÐÓ  ÓòòÌÓ%ÓÓ  Óò òSTANDARD€OF€REVIEWó óÐ à ÐÌóóÓ<%Óà  àBecause€this€issue€is€a€question€of€law,€our€review€is€de€novo€with€no€presumption€ofÐ pÀ Ðcorrectness€given€the€lower€courtsðð€judgments.€€òòE.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725,€727€(Tenn.Ð `° Ð1997).Ð P  ÐÌòòÓ  Óò òHABEAS€CORPUS€RELIEFó óóóÐ 0€ Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð  p ÐÓ¡&Óà  àWe€first€address€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion€that€habeas€corpus€relief€is€not€available€toÐ ` Ðaddress€a€faulty€indictment.€€The€right€to€seek€habeas€corpus€relief€is€guaranteed€by€Article€I,€ðð€15Ð P Ðof€the€Tennessee€Constitution€and€governed€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€29„21„101€et€seq.€€While€thereÐ ð@ Ðis€no€statute€of€limitations€to€bar€the€filing€of€a€habeas€corpus€petition,€the€grounds€upon€which€reliefÐ à0 Ðwill€be€granted€are€limited€in€nature€and€scope.€€Such€relief€is€available€only€when€it€appears€fromÐ Ð  Ðthe€face€of€the€judgment€or€the€record€of€the€proceedings€that€a€trial€court€was€without€jurisdictionÐ À! Ðto€sentence€a€defendant€or€that€a€defendantððs€sentence€of€imprisonment€or€other€restraint€has€expired.€Ð °"  ÐòòDykes€v.€Comptonóó,€978€S.W.2d€528,€529€(Tenn.€1998).€€Ð  #ð! ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€has€the€burden€to€show€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€the€sentenceÐ €%Ð # Ðis€void€or€that€the€confinement€is€illegal.€€Generally,€defenses€and€objections€based€on€a€defectiveÐ p&À!$ Ðindictment€must€be€raised€prior€to€trial€or€they€are€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2),€(f).€Ð `'°"% ÐHowever,€as€we€have€previously€stated,€ð ð[a]€valid€indictment€is€an€essential€jurisdictional€element,Ð P( #& Ðwithout€which€there€can€be€no€prosecution.ðð€€òòDykesóó,€978€S.W.2d€at€529.€€Thus,€an€indictment€thatÐ @)$' Ðis€so€defective€as€to€fail€to€vest€jurisdiction€in€the€trial€court€may€be€challenged€at€any€stage€of€theÐ 0*€%( Ðâ âproceedings,€including€in€a€habeas€corpus€petition.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2);€òòDykesóó,€978€S.W.2dÐ  +p&) ÐÔ_Ôat€529€(ð ðIf€the€face€of€the€record€shows€that€the€court€did€not€have€jurisdiction,€then€the€judgmentÐ ° Ðis€void.ðð).€òòóóÐ  ð Ðâ âÌà  àIn€the€present€case,€Wyatt€argues€that€his€conviction€and€sentence€are€void€because€hisÐ €Ð Ðindictment€failed€to€allege€an€overt€act,€which€is€a€material€element€of€attempted€first„degree€murder,Ð pÀ Ðand€thus€failed€to€clothe€the€trial€court€with€jurisdiction.€€Specifically,€he€argues€that€the€indictmentððsÐ ` ° Ðfailure€to€allege€an€overt€act€provided€inadequate€notice€of€the€charged€offense€because,€at€aÐ P   Ðpreliminary€hearing,€the€Stateððs€witness€testified€about€numerous€acts€which€may€have€constitutedÐ @  Ðattempted€first„degree€murder.€€He€asserts€that€because€the€criminal€attempt€statute€contains€threeÐ 0 € Ðseparate€subsections€pursuant€to€which€the€State€may€obtain€a€conviction,€and€the€last€of€theseÐ  p  Ðsubsections€allows€conviction€based€upon€a€ð ðcourse€of€conduct,ðð€there€is€a€heightened€need€forÐ `  Ðfactual€specificity€in€an€indictment€charging€the€offense€of€criminal€attempt.€Ð P  ÐÌÓ °X°œXÓà  àThe€State€maintains€that€this€Court€has€relaxed€the€strict€pleading€requirements€of€theÐ à0  Ðcommon€law€and€that€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€correctly€concluded€that€Wyattððs€indictmentÐ Ð  Ðis€sufficient€under€this€Courtððs€analysis€in€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725€(Tenn.€1997).€€Based€uponÐ À Ðthe€facts€of€this€case,€we€agree.òòóóÐ ° ÐÌÓ  Óòòò òTHE€CRIMINAL€ATTEMPT€STATUTEó óóóÐ à ÐÌÓû4Óà  àThe€offense€of€criminal€attempt€is€codified€at€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101€(1997).€€ThisÐ pÀ Ðsection€states€that:Ð `° ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€A€person€commits€criminal€attempt€who,€acting€with€the€kind€ofÐ @ Ðculpability€otherwise€required€for€the€offense:Ð0€` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àà ¸ à(1)€Intentionally€engages€in€action€or€causes€a€result€thatÐ ` Ðwould€constitute€an€offense€if€the€circumstances€surrounding€theÐ P Ðconduct€were€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be;Ðð@` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àà ¸ à(2)€Acts€with€intent€to€cause€a€result€that€is€an€element€of€theÐ Ð  Ðoffense,€and€believes€the€conduct€will€cause€the€result€without€furtherÐ À! Ðconduct€on€the€personððs€part;€orа" ` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àà ¸ à(3)€Acts€with€intent€to€complete€a€course€of€action€or€cause€aÐ $à" Ðresult€that€would€constitute€the€offense,€under€the€circumstancesÐ €%Ð # Ðsurrounding€the€conduct€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be,€and€theÐ p&À!$ Ðconduct€constitutes€a€substantial€step€toward€the€commission€of€theÐ `'°"% Ðoffense.ÐP( #&` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€€Accordingly,€the€criminal€attempt€statute€is€divided€into€three€different€subsections€whichÐ 0*€%( Ðdescribe€three€different€types€of€proscribed€acts,€and€the€State€may€convict€based€upon€any€one€ofÐ  +p&) Ðthe€three.€Ð ,`'* ÐÔ_Ô‡à  àBy€its€plain€language,€the€offense€of€criminal€attempt€is€committed€when€a€person,€ð ðactingÐ ° Ðwith€the€kind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€for€the€offense,ðð€either€ð ðengages€in€actionðð€or€ð ð[a]ctsððÐ  ð Ðso€as€to€satisfy€any€one€of€the€three€numbered€subsections.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101;€òòsee€alsoóóÐ à ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101€Sentencing€Commððn€Cmts.€(ð ðthe€offense€is€basically€one€of€criminalÐ €Ð Ðintent€coupled€with€acts€that€clearly€demonstrate€the€offenderððs€proclivity€toward€criminality.ðð).€€WeÐ pÀ Ðthus€agree€with€the€defense€that€the€criminal€attempt€statute€requires€that€the€State€prove€two€materialÐ ` ° Ðelements:€the€culpability€required€for€the€attempted€crime;€and€an€act€or€acts€in€furtherance€of€theÐ P   Ðattempted€crime.€€òòAccordóó,€òòJackson€v.€Stateóó,€566€So.€2d€757€(Ala.€Crim.€App.€1987)€(revððd€on€otherÐ @  Ðgrounds);€òòPeople€v.€Ramosóó,€639€P.2d€908€(Cal.€1982)€(revððd€on€other€grounds);€òòPeople€v.€Castroóó,Ð 0 € Ð657€P.2d€932€(Colo.€1983);€òòState€v.€Sharpeóó,€491€A.2d€345€(Conn.€1985);€òòLittles€v.€Stateóó,€384€So.€2dÐ  p  Ð744€(Fla.€Dist.€Ct.€App.€1980);€òòPeople€v.€Jonesóó,€405€N.E.2d€343€(Ill.€1979);€òòMcGee€v.€Stateóó,€699Ð `  ÐN.E.2d€264€(Ind.€1998);€òòState€v.€Jarmanóó,€445€So.€2d€1184€(La.€1984);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€410€A.2d€1033Ð P  Ð(Me.€1980);€òòState€v.€Earpóó,€571€A.2d€1227€(Md.€1990);€òòState€v.€Allenóó,€514€A.2d€1263€(N.H.€1986);Ð ð@  ÐòòPeople€v.€Cadoretteóó,€439€N.E.2d€353€(N.Y.€1982);€òòState€v.€Flygareóó,€525€P.2d€181€(Or.€Ct.€App.Ð à0  Ð1974);€òòCommonwealth€v.€Hobsonóó,€604€A.2d€717€(Pa.€Super.€Ct.€1992);€òòGarcia€v.€Stateóó,€541€S.W.2dÐ Ð  Ð428€(Tex.€Crim.€App.€1976)€(overruled€on€other€grounds);€òòState€v.€Maestasóó,€652€P.2d€903€(UtahÐ À Ð1982)€(overruled€on€other€grounds);€òòHargrave€v.€Commonwealthóó,€201€S.E.2d€597€(Va.€1974);€òòStateÐ ° Ðv.€Haleóó,€829€P.2d€802€(Wash.€Ct.€App.€1992);€òòState€v.€Cartagenaóó,€299€N.W.2d€872€(Wis.€1981).€€Ð  ð ÐWe€now€consider€the€sufficiency€of€Wyattððs€indictment.€€òòÐ à ÐÌÓ  Óò òWYATTððS€INDICTMENTÐ pÀ Ðó óÌóóÓEÓà  àWyatt€was€indicted€for€attempted€first„degree€murder.€€His€indictment€states€in€pertinent€part:Ð P  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àthat€WILLIAM€TERRY€WYATT€on€the€7òòthóó€day€of€March,€1994,€inÐ 0€ ÐCumberland€County,€Tennessee,€and€before€the€finding€of€thisÐ  p Ðindictment,€did€unlawfully,€intentionally,€deliberately€and€withÐ ` Ðpremeditation€attempt€to€kill€Billie€Carey€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„Ð P Ð12„101€.€.€.€.Ðð@` x` x ÐÌThe€indictment€makes€no€reference€to€the€attempt€statuteððs€numbered€subsections€nor€does€it€specifyÐ Ð  Ða€specific€act€or€course€of€conduct€constituting€the€ð ðattempt€to€kill.ðð€€€€òòÐ À! ÐÌóóà  àThe€Sixth€and€the€Fourteenth€Amendments€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,Ð  #ð! Ððð€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€guarantee€the€accused€the€right€to€be€informed€of€the€nature€andÐ $à" Ðcause€of€the€accusation.€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€6,€14;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2dÐ €%Ð # Ðat€727.€€We€have€consistently€interpreted€these€constitutional€provisions€to€require€that€anÐ p&À!$ Ðindictment:€1)€provide€notice€to€the€accused€of€the€offense€charged;€2)€provide€the€court€with€anÐ `'°"% Ðadequate€ground€upon€which€a€proper€judgment€may€be€entered;€and€3)€provide€the€defendant€withÐ P( #& Ðprotection€against€double€jeopardy.€€òòId.óó;€òòState€v.€Byrdóó,€820€S.W.2d€739,€741€(Tenn.€1991);€òòState€v.Ð @)$' ÐPearceóó,€7€Tenn.€(Peck)€66,€67€(1823);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHamling€v.€United€Statesóó,€418€U.S.€87,€94€S.€Ct.€2887,Ð 0*€%( Ð41€L.€Ed.€2d€590€(1974).€€€€Ð  +p&) ÐÐ ,`'* Ðà  àThe€form€of€an€indictment€is€further€governed€by€statute.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202Ð ° Ð(1997).€€Section€202€requires€that€an€indictment€ð ðstate€the€facts€constituting€the€offense€in€ordinaryÐ  ð Ðand€concise€language,€without€prolixity€or€repetition,€in€such€a€manner€as€to€enable€a€person€ofÐ à Ðcommon€understanding€to€know€what€is€intended,€and€with€that€degree€of€certainty€which€will€enableÐ €Ð Ðthe€court,€on€conviction,€to€pronounce€the€proper€judgment.ðð€€òòId.óó€€ð ðProlixityðð€means€ð ð[t]heÐ pÀ Ðunnecessary€and€superfluous€statement€of€facts€in€pleading€or€in€evidence.ðð€€Blackððs€Law€DictionaryÐ ` ° Ð1378€(4òòthóó€ed.€1951).€€We€consider€the€sufficiency€of€Wyattððs€indictment€with€these€constitutional€andÐ P   Ðstatutory€principles€in€mind.€€Ð @  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€indictment€in€this€case€satisfies€these€minimum€requirements.€€ClearlyÐ  p  ÐWyatt€was€placed€on€notice€that€he€was€charged€with€the€intentional,€deliberate€and€premeditatedÐ `  Ðattempt€to€kill€the€named€victim€on€a€date€certain.€€The€indictment€was€also€sufficient€to€place€theÐ P  Ðtrial€court€on€notice€that€a€judgment€and€sentence€for€attempted€first„degree€murder€were€properÐ ð@  Ðupon€conviction.€€òòóóFinally,€by€expressly€stating€that€the€attempt€to€kill€was€made€against€a€specificÐ à0  Ðvictim€on€a€date€certain,€the€indictment€offers€Wyatt€double€jeopardy€protection€from€any€futureÐ Ð  Ðcharge€of€attempted€murder€against€that€victim€on€that€date.€€Though€the€language€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attemptÐ À Ðto€killðð€is€a€general€description,€especially€in€light€of€the€testimony€at€the€preliminary€hearing€thatÐ ° ÐWyatt€committed€multiple€acts€against€the€victim€which€the€State€could€have€relied€upon€to€obtainÐ  ð Ða€verdict,€this€language€alleges€an€act€as€required€by€the€criminal€attempt€statute€and€was€sufficientÐ à Ðto€notify€Wyatt€of€the€accused€crime,€to€confer€jurisdiction€upon€the€trial€court,€and€to€protect€againstÐ €Ð Ðdouble€jeopardy.€€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€727.€€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àBecause€a€defendant€may€make€jurisdictional€challenges€to€an€indictment€at€any€stage€of€theÐ P  Ðproceeding,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2),€we€take€this€opportunity€to€encourage€the€State€to€chargeÐ @ Ðthe€crime€of€attempt€in€such€a€way€that€informs€the€defendant€of€the€precise€act€or€acts€against€whichÐ 0€ Ðhe€is€being€called€upon€to€defend.€€For€example,€it€might€have€been€prudent€to€charge€that€Wyatt€hadÐ  p Ðattempted€to€kill€the€victim€ð ðby€firing€several€gunshotsðð€or€ð ðby€hitting€the€victim€about€the€face€andÐ ` Ðhead€until€she€was€unconscious.ðð€€In€this€case,€considering€that€(1)€multiple€acts€formed€the€basisÐ P Ðof€the€charge;€(2)€that€there€are€multiple€subsections€to€the€criminal€attempt€statute;€and€(3)€thatÐ ð@ ÐWyattððs€indictment€failed€to€specify€which€subsection€under€which€the€State€intended€to€proceed,Ð à0 Ðand€further,€(4)€given€the€nature€of€the€criminal€attempt€statute,€the€defendant€would€have€been€well„Ð Ð  Ðadvised€to€move€for€a€bill€of€particulars€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€7(c).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Speckóó,Ð À! Ð944€S.W.2d€598,€601€(Tenn.€1997)€(holding€that€the€trial€judge€correctly€ð ðfound€that€additionalÐ °"  Ðinformation€was€necessary€to€assist€the€defendant€in€preparing€for€trial,€and€correctly€ordered€theÐ  #ð! Ðprosecution€to€supplement€the€skeletal€charge€contained€in€the€indictment.ðð).€€However,€we€leaveÐ $à" Ðthis€issue€to€be€resolved€by€the€trial€courts,€who€are€best€qualified€to€make€these€determinations€onÐ €%Ð # Ða€case„by„case€basis.Ð p&À!$ ÐÌÓ  Óòòò òCONCLUSIONÐ P( #& Ðóóó óÌÓ—\Óà  àAfter€our€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€authorities,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€theÐ 0*€%( Ðindictment€in€this€case€sufficiently€alleges€an€act€as€required€by€the€criminal€attempt€statute€in€statingÐ  +p&) Ðthat€the€defendant€ð ðdid€.€.€.€attempt€to€killðð€and€that€habeas€corpus€relief€was€thus€properly€denied.€Ð ,`'* ÐAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals.€€It€appearing€that€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€Wyatt€is€indigent,€costs€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€State.Ð  ð ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________Ð ` ° Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àE.€RILEY€ANDERSON,€CHIEF€JUSTICE€Ð P   Ð