ÿWPC% ÒJ—žê €ž¢g#­IËy@È„gË<,Ñ’ØÜzIÝ1»ú.JN Î=‘s økòZ0GšÓÕm„tÈ­û÷ºüÙëÅ’hÐ åJèv‹K‚*´ºF@÷,Kp£8XX9ïêz·u•üŠQ uœˆ]h±B˜ÓöèLUÝ~pþû$”ÇÑœ>V ñHŒz0iÍ÷1qÂ’rÖ e/ëÙ“.Ñ©kBt•8)›¹Ü7ôœGÌùëaâYÚ¾¯'ˆéúÇÔ´®ŒŸ@ƒ'lI“o9b 0ÁœÂç§ÆÅTà1ES‚•š¸:ë+21H‘µu¸H‘&;TñõoG:1H1¼2’ê´ò-² ó¹vŠ„¡£e×séÜ,Y³ð4ÞxeøÏCƒÙfl?ó~­Å6IàtºV 2Ö4=AE]\1Œ´ñv±ùHMÍÝ}3ÔÙÖw!™{9ÆïTøX_g¯è£5ÀŠ5oÕê׀вv\Zê–c©lóyi*³X/>­ØùNb¥>%'tQ*¢E¢t´½ݾ¬Rwm>ž±/ùxíËåtÂʜȦoyZ?ŸâÀñŠŠ ¾ 蔌B–Lf‘Ħ²Â’'gÍ?»‰üñ­\mØb %\^ b 0ˆnU#NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ ¹ #ÁÐ Æ‘ ÆW Æ Æã 0 D©Ní¶ïX¥EýU @ÿÍ?Ó èßjÇÇ-1W^^œµµµµµQªYYYYYYYYb                                    0 ë Bö ö 0¤! D3·! D-ê! 0K"" ASb"Ƶ" 0¤{# 0D$ A«c$»Ão+s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular=xm+bk2Ô4®3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 TN PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ¬Ý ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àð ðPrior€to€the€setting€of€oral€argument,€the€Court€shall€review€the€records€and€briefs€and€consider€òòallóóÐ ° Ðerrors€assigned.€€The€Court€may€enter€an€order€designating€those€issues€it€wishes€addressed€at€oral€argument.ðð€€Tenn.Ð n¾ ÐSup.€Ct.€R.€12.2. NÝ ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àThe€evidence€indicated€that€Donna€Lovett€reported€the€events€to€authorities€after€she€learned€that€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€was€at€a€motel€with€another€woman€on€the€day€after€the€offense.(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman  ÃÝ ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àWe€do€observe,€however,€that€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€incorrectly€stated€that€the€defendantÐ ° Ðð ðhimself€testified€that€he€had€been€married€twice€and€was€dating€two€women€at€the€same€time.ðð€€The€record€reveals€thatÐ n¾ Ðthe€defendant€did€not€testify€at€the€re„sentencing. ÉÝ ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àPresently€codified€at€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„206(c)€(1997). ÞÝ ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àAlthough€òòSimsóódiscussed€the€present€statute€governing€admissibility€of€evidence,€òòseeóó€Tenn€Code€Ann.Ð ° Ððð€39„13„204(c)€(1997),€our€comments€are€equally€applicable€to€the€statute€in€effect€at€the€time€of€the€defendantððsÐ n¾ Ðoffense,€òòi.e.óó,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(c)€(1982).òòóó `Ý ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àFor€example,€although€the€present€case€involved€only€re„sentencing,€it€appears€that€the€trial€courtÐ ° Ðinstructed€the€jury€that€Brian€Lovett€was€an€accomplice€during€the€guilt€phase€of€the€trial.€€ #Ý ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àAs€will€be€discussed€herein,€the€juryððs€verdict€did€not€track€the€specific€language€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ° Ððð€39„2„203(i)(5)€(1982). MÝ ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àAlthough€all€of€the€capital€sentencing€provisions€were€amended€and€recodified€in€1989,€the€jury€inÐ ° Ðthis€case€was€properly€instructed€with€the€law€as€it€existed€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Brimmeróó,€876€S.W.2dÐ n¾ Ð75,€82€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€aggravating€circumstances€at€issue€in€this€case€are€now€codified€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„Ð ,| Ð204(i)(5),€(6)€(1997€&€Supp.€2000). ’Ý ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àAlthough€the€juryððs€finding€that€the€murder€was€ð ðespecially€atrocious€or€cruel€in€that€it€involvedÐ ° Ðtorture€and€depravity€of€mindðð€did€not€track€the€language€of€the€statute,€the€defendant€has€not€asserted€the€discrepancyÐ n¾ Ðas€error.€€We€conclude,€however,€that€by€finding€ð ðtorture€òòandóó€depravity€of€mindðð€the€juryððs€finding€was€even€moreÐ ,| Ðcomprehensive€than€required€by€statute€and,€therefore,€did€not€prejudice€the€defendant.€€à  à   Ý ƒRßë$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àThe€present€version€of€this€statute€requires€that€the€jury€conclude€that€the€evidence€of€aggravatingÐ ° Ðcircumstances€outweighs€evidence€of€mitigating€factors€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(g)Ð n¾ Ð(1997€&€Supp.€2000).- ù-(|G2ßë$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ä»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô``ò»»Ô d(|3Îr$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ä»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Îr$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ä»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ä»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Ä»»»ÔÑ8€l(XXdæ»»d8Ñà@™ ™ ìàÔ‡î>wÄÔIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Ä»îî>w #ԈРР ÐÓ  ÓApril€4,€2001€SessionÐ ð@ ÐÔ‡Xl(X»¼ÄÔÌò òÔ#†¼Ä»XXl(í#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòJOHN€MICHAEL€BANEÔ‡Xl(X.¼ÄÔó óóóÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Automatic€Appeal€from€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsÐ Ø ( ÐCriminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ¾  Ðà@@øøìàNo.€89„01502€€€€€€John€P.€Ô_ÔColtonÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ ¤ ô ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<U` AßÐ V¦  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1997„02158„SC„DDT„DD€„€Filed€July€3,€2001Ð K›  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ g  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Ä»XXl(c#ÔÔ€Xl(X»¼ÄÔà  àThe€defendant,€John€Michael€Bane,€was€convicted€of€felony€murder€in€the€perpetration€ofÐ  \ Ða€robbery€for€an€offense€committed€in€November€of€1988.€€The€jury€originally€imposed€a€sentenceÐ òB Ðof€death€after€it€found€that€evidence€of€two€aggravating€circumstances€ð!ð€(1)€the€murder€wasÐ Ø( Ðespecially€heinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel€in€that€it€involved€torture€or€depravity€of€mind€and€(2)€theÐ ¾ Ðmurder€was€committed€during€the€perpetration€of€a€felony€ð!ð€outweighed€evidence€of€any€mitigatingÐ ¤ô Ðfactors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5),€(7)€(1982).€€On€appeal,€this€Court€affirmed€theÐ ŠÚ Ðconviction,€but€remanded€for€a€new€sentencing€hearing€because€the€juryððs€application€of€the€felonyÐ pÀ Ðmurder€aggravating€circumstance€duplicated€the€offense€of€felony€murder€in€violation€of€article€I,Ð V¦ Ðsection€16€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Baneóó,€853€S.W.2d€483€(Tenn.€1993).€€AfterÐ <Œ Ða€new€sentencing€hearing,€the€jury€again€imposed€a€sentence€of€death€after€it€found€that€evidence€ofÐ "r Ðtwo€aggravating€circumstances€ð!ð€(1)€the€murder€was€ð ðespecially€atrocious€or€cruel€in€that€it€involvedÐ X Ðtorture€and€depravity€of€mindðð€and€(2)€the€murder€was€committed€for€the€purpose€of€avoiding,Ð î> Ðinterfering€with,€or€preventing€a€lawful€arrest€or€prosecution€of€the€defendant€or€another€ð!ðÐ Ô$ Ðoutweighed€evidence€of€any€mitigating€factors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5),€(6)€(1982).€Ð º  ÐÌà  àAfter€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€affirmed€the€death€sentence,€the€case€was€docketed€inÐ † Ö  Ðthis€Court.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„206(a)€(1997)€(ð ðThe€Ô_ÔaffirmanceÔ_Ô€of€the€conviction€and€theÐ l!¼! Ðsentence€of€death€shall€be€automatically€reviewed€by€the€Tennessee€supreme€court.ðð).€€AfterÐ R"¢" Ðreviewing€the€record,€the€briefs,€and€applicable€authority,€we€designated€seven€issues€for€oralÐ 8#ˆ# Ðargument.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€We€now€hold€as€follows:€(1)€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€to€instruct€the€jury€thatÐ $n$ Ða€witness€for€the€prosecution,€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€was€an€accomplice€whose€testimony€had€to€beÐ %T % Ðcorroborated€in€order€to€find€an€aggravating€circumstance;€(2)€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusingÐ ê%:!& Ðto€admit€Bryan€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€medical€and€psychological€records;€(3)€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusingÐ Ð& "' Ðto€allow€the€defendantððs€expert€witness€to€remain€in€the€courtroom;€(4)€the€trial€court€did€not€err€inÐ ¶'#( Ðallowing€the€prosecution€to€argue€a€ð ðnon„statutoryðð€aggravating€circumstance;€(5)€the€evidence€was€Ð  œ(ì#)ý Ðsufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€application€of€the€aggravating€circumstance€set€forth€in€Tenn.€CodeÐ ° ÐAnn.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5)€(1982);€(6)€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€application€of€theÐ –æ Ðaggravating€circumstance€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)€(1982);€and€(7)€the€sentenceÐ |Ì Ðof€death€was€not€arbitrary€or€disproportionate€as€applied€in€this€case€to€the€defendant.€€We€also€agreeÐ b² Ðwith€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€conclusions€with€respect€to€the€remaining€issues,€the€relevantÐ H˜ Ðportions€of€which€are€included€in€the€appendix€to€this€opinion.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgmentÐ . ~ Ðof€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals.Ð  d Ѐ€Ð ú J ÐÓ¿ÓÌò òTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„206(a)(1);€Judgment€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€Affirmedó óÐ Æ   ÐÌòòÓ  ÓE.€Riley€Anderson,€C.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòFrank€F.€Ô_ÔDrowotaÔ_Ô,€III,Ð ’â  ÐJanice€M.€Holder,óó€and€òòWilliam€M.€Barker,€JJóó.,€joined.€€òòÔ_ÔAdolphoÔ_Ô€A.€Birch,€Jr.,óó€dissenting.Ð xÈ  ÐÌJoseph€S.€Ô_ÔOzmentÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€and€Charles€S.€Kelly,€Ô_ÔDyersburgÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€theÐ D”  Ðappellant,€John€Michael€Bane.Ð *z  ÐÌMichael€E.€Moore,€Solicitor€General;€Amy€L.€Ô_ÔTarkingtonÔ_Ô,€Deputy€Attorney€General;€William€L.Ð öF ÐGibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Thomas€D.€Henderson€and€Kevin€R.€Ô_ÔRardinÔ_Ô,€AssistantÐ Ü, ÐDistrict€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Â ÐÓdÓÌÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÐ tÄ ÐÌÓ  Óà@%ìàò òòòBACKGROUNDóóˆÐ @ ÐÌà  àó óOn€November€19,€1988,€police€found€the€body€of€the€victim,€Royce€D.€Frazier,€age€60,€lyingÐ  \ Ðin€a€bathtub€full€of€water€in€his€home€near€Memphis,€Tennessee.€€Frazier€had€been€gagged;€a€plasticÐ òB Ðbag€had€been€placed€over€his€head;€and€an€electrical€cord€was€tied€around€his€neck.€€A€plunger€hadÐ Ø( Ðbeen€placed€over€his€face€apparently€to€keep€his€head€submerged.€€Frazierððs€house€had€beenÐ ¾ Ðransacked:€several€lamps€and€ashtrays€had€been€overturned€and€numerous€items€were€scattered€inÐ ¤ô Ðdisarray.€€€€Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àBrian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€who€was€16€at€the€time€of€the€offense,€testified€that€his€mother,€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,Ð V"¦! Ðand€the€defendant,€John€Michael€Bane,€had€discussed€a€plan€to€rob€the€victim€several€days€beforeÐ <#Œ" Ðhe€was€killed.€€The€plan€was€for€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€to€visit€Frazier,€whom€she€knew,€and€render€himÐ "$r# Ðunconscious€by€putting€Ô_ÔVisineÔ_Ô€eye€drops€in€his€beer.€€Bane€would€then€enter€Frazierððs€home€andÐ %X $ Ðcarry€out€the€robbery€with€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô.€€According€to€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€Bane€said€that€Frazier€wouldÐ î%>!% Ðhave€to€be€killed€because€he€ð ðknew€[Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô]€and€would€tell€on€her.ðð€€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€said€that€he€andÐ Ô&$"& ÐBane€discussed€choking€or€stabbing€the€victim.€€Ð º' #' ÐÌà  àOn€the€day€after€the€robbery€plan€discussion,€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€and€the€defendant€BaneÐ †)Ö$) Ðexperimented€by€giving€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€a€beer€containing€eye€drops€to€see€whether€it€would€render€him€Ð  l*¼%* Ðunconscious.€€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€testified€that€it€caused€him€to€fall€asleep€within€five€minutes€of€drinkingÐ ° Ðthe€beer.€€€Thomas€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€Brianððs€younger€brother,€also€testified€that€he€recalled€Brian€drinking€aÐ –æ Ðbeer€containing€eye€drops.€€Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àSometime€in€the€late€afternoon€of€November€17,€1988,€Bane,€accompanied€by€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_ÔÐ H˜ Ðand€her€two€sons,€Brian€and€Thomas€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€drove€his€car€past€Frazierððs€home€several€times,€but€noÐ . ~ Ðone€appeared€to€be€home.€€Bane€explained€that€he€was€going€to€borrow€money€from€the€occupant.€Ð  d ÐWhen€they€saw€Frazierððs€car€at€the€home,€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€got€out€of€the€car€and€went€into€the€houseÐ ú J Ðalone.€€Bane€then€left€and€drove€Brian€and€Thomas€to€Brianððs€girlfriendððs€home.€€A€short€time€later,Ð à 0 ÐBane€picked€up€the€boys€and€took€them€to€the€Ô_ÔLovettsÔ_Ôðð€trailer€in€Ripley,€Tennessee.€Thereafter,Ð Æ   ÐBane,€along€with€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€returned€to€Frazierððs€home.€When€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€signaled€byÐ ¬ ü  Ðð ðflickeringðð€the€porch€light€on€two€occasions,€Bane€entered€Frazierððs€home,€leaving€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€inÐ ’â  Ðthe€car.€€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àAccording€to€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€testimony,€approximately€thirty€minutes€later€Bane€and€DonnaÐ D”  ÐÔ_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€ran€to€the€car€carrying€several€items€of€Frazierððs€property.€€Bane€had€blood€on€his€gloves€andÐ *z  ÐDonna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€was€crying€and€upset.€€While€driving€from€the€scene,€Bane€told€Brian€that€he€hadÐ ` Ðbeaten€the€victim€several€times€because€he€€kept€getting€up€and€that€he€had€ð ðcut€[the€victimððs]€nutsÐ öF Ðoff.ðð€€Bane€also€said€that€he€had€taken€$726€and€that€he€ð ðhad€done€such€a€good€job€he€deserved€aÐ Ü, Ðbeer.ðð€€Bane€was€arrested€two€days€later€when€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€reported€the€events€of€November€17,Ð Â Ð1988€to€the€police.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÔ‡Xl(XXXl(Ôà  àBrian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€testified€that€his€sister€committed€suicide€several€months€before€the€killing€ofÐ tÄ Ðthe€victim€and€that€he€himself€had€attempted€suicide€on€two€occasions€before€November€17,€1988.€Ð Zª ÐHe€admitted€that€he€had€been€treated€at€Charter€Lakeside€and€Memphis€Mental€Health€Institute€andÐ @ Ðthat€he€had€a€history€of€using€cocaine,€speed,€marijuana,€and€alcohol.€€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€also€admitted€that€heÐ &v Ðhad€made€conflicting€statements€about€the€murder.€€In€one€statement,€he€had€told€authorities€that€heÐ  \ Ðhad€looked€in€Frazierððs€window€and€saw€Bane€holding€a€knife€to€the€victimððs€groin€while€DonnaÐ òB ÐÔ_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€placed€a€bag€over€the€victimððs€head.€€He€did€not€recall€why€he€had€made€the€statement€andÐ Ø( Ðconceded€that€he€had€never€left€Baneððs€car.€€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€had€been€arrested€for€theft€afterÐ ¾ ÐBane€was€convicted€and€that€he€had€been€placed€in€the€same€prison€cell€as€the€defendant.€€HeÐ ¤ô Ðconceded€that€he€signed€a€statement€that€he€had€lied€at€trial€because€he€feared€the€defendant.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àDr.€Jerry€Francisco,€Shelby€Counter€Medical€Examiner,€testified€that€the€cause€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðvictimððs€death€was€ligature€strangulation€with€asphyxia.€€The€combination€of€the€cloth€gag,€plasticÐ <#Œ" Ðbag,€and€electrical€cord€had€cut€off€the€supply€of€blood€to€the€victimððs€brain€and€the€supply€ofÐ "$r# Ðoxygen€to€his€lungs.€€The€victimððs€tongue€had€been€pushed€into€the€back€of€his€mouth€from€the€clothÐ %X $ Ðgag.€€Dr.€Francisco€stated€that€the€victim€could€have€been€rendered€unconscious€in€seconds€orÐ î%>!% Ðminutes,€depending€on€the€severity€and€force€of€the€ligature€strangulation,€but€that€the€victimððs€deathÐ Ô&$"& Ðrequired€several€minutes.€€Dr.€Francisco€testified€that€the€victim€had€extensive€bruising€around€hisÐ º' #' Ðeyes,€head,€neck,€arms,€and€hip;€a€tear€and€scrape€below€his€left€eye;€and€abrasions€around€his€neck.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÔ#†Xl(XXXl(M+#ÔÔ‡Xl(XXXl(ÔThere€was€no€evidence€of€injury€to€the€victimððs€groin€area€or€scrotum.€€Dr.€Francisco€testified€thatÐ ° Ðfluid€found€in€the€victimððs€lungs€was€consistent€with€a€finding€that€the€victim€had€been€alive€whenÐ –æ Ðplaced€in€the€water.Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€Bane€called€several€witnesses€to€testify€on€his€behalf.€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€identifiedÐ H˜ Ðthe€handwriting€of€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€in€two€letters€that€she€had€written€to€Bane€after€the€murder.€€OneÐ . ~ Ðof€the€letters€indicated€that€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€had€lied€at€trial€and€was€coerced€by€the€prosecution.€€DonnaÐ  d ÐÔ_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€also€wrote€that€only€she€and€Bane€knew€what€happened€in€Frazierððs€home.Ð ú J ÐÌà  àWilma€McNeill,€the€defendantððs€aunt,€testified€that€Bane€had€been€ð ðvery€closeðð€to€his€mother,Ð Æ   Ðwho€died€of€cancer€in€April€of€1988.€€McNeill€testified€that€Bane€had€grown€up€working€on€a€farm.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐShe€stated€that€she€loved€Bane€and€asked€the€jury€to€spare€his€life.€€Ô_ÔMaybelleÔ_Ô€Cunningham,€also€anÐ ’â  Ðaunt€of€the€defendant,€testified€that€both€of€Baneððs€parents€were€deceased.€€Cunningham€testified€thatÐ xÈ  ÐBane€had€two€sons,€ages€14€and€10.€€Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àMarvin€Ô_ÔRameyÔ_Ô€testified€that€Bane€had€worked€on€his€farm€when€he€was€young€and€was€aÐ *z  Ðgood€worker.€€Ô_ÔRameyÔ_Ô€testified€that€his€wife€looked€after€Bane€and€that€he€had€never€caused€anyÐ ` Ðtrouble.Ð öF ÐÌà  àTeresa€Ô_ÔGoforthÔ_Ô,€a€co„worker€of€Bane€and€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€at€Ô_ÔJ.P.W.Ô_Ô€Enterprises,€testified€thatÐ Â ÐBane€was€a€good,€hard€worker.€€She€testified€that€Bane€and€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€were€dating€and€thatÐ ¨ø ÐÔ_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€was€extremely€jealous.€€About€one€week€before€the€murder,€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€told€Ô_ÔGoforthÔ_Ô€thatÐ ŽÞ Ðð ðif€she€couldnððt€have€[the€defendant],€no€one€would€and€that€she€would€see€him€locked€away€so€farÐ tÄ Ðhe€would€never€get€out.ððÐ Zª ÐÌà  àAlicia€Ô_ÔShadellÔ_Ô€Gray,€Baneððs€cousin,€likewise€testified€that€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€was€very€possessiveÐ &v Ðand€jealous.€€Three€weeks€before€the€murder,€Gray€heard€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€say,€ð ðIf€I€canððt€have€Michael,€noÐ  \ Ðwoman€would€have€Michael,€and€Iððll€see€us€both€behind€bars.ðð€€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€attempted€suicide€laterÐ òB Ðthat€day€at€Grayððs€home€by€overdosing€on€pills,€and€Bane€took€her€to€the€emergency€room.€€€GrayÐ Ø( Ðtestified€that€after€Bane€was€convicted,€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€told€her€that€his€mother€had€agreed€to€pleadÐ ¾ Ðguilty€in€exchange€for€a€sentence€of€35€years€and€that€he€did€not€want€to€see€ð ðan€innocent€manðð€goÐ ¤ô Ðto€prison.€€He€said€he€planned€to€write€an€affidavit€stating€that€Bane€had€no€part€in€the€offense.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àDiane€Bane€testified€that€she€met€Bane€while€he€was€in€prison€and€fell€in€love€with€him€afterÐ V"¦! Ðtalking€regularly€to€him€on€the€telephone.€€She€married€Bane€in€March€of€1995€and€travels€200€milesÐ <#Œ" Ðround€trip€every€Saturday€to€visit€him.€€Her€former€husband€died€in€August€of€1994,€and€she€hadÐ "$r# Ðthree€sons€from€that€marriage.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àAfter€deliberating€on€all€of€the€above€evidence,€the€jury€found€that€there€was€evidenceÐ Ô&$"& Ðâ âsupporting€two€aggravating€circumstances:€(1)€that€the€murder€was€ð ðespecially€atrocious€or€cruel€inÐ º' #' Ðthat€it€involved€torture€and€depravity€of€mindðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€(2)€that€the€murder€was€committed€for€theÐ ° Ðâ âpurpose€of€avoiding,€interfering€with€or€preventing€a€lawful€arrest€or€prosecution€of€the€defendantÐ –æ Ðor€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5),€(6)€(1982).׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€After€further€finding€that€theÐ |Ì Ðaggravating€circumstances€outweighed€the€evidence€of€mitigating€circumstances,€the€jury€imposedÐ b² Ða€sentence€of€death.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òANALYSISˆÐ  d ÐÌà@, , ìàòòCorroboration€of€Accomplice€TestimonyóóˆÐ à 0 Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€that€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_ÔÐ ¬ ü  Ðwas€an€accomplice€to€the€offense€and€that€an€aggravating€circumstance€cannot€be€predicated€uponÐ ’â  Ðthe€uncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice.€€The€State€maintains€that€corroboration€of€anÐ xÈ  Ðaccompliceððs€testimony€is€not€required€for€sentencing;€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€toÐ ^®  Ðinstruct€the€jury€that€corroboration€was€required€as€a€non„statutory€mitigating€circumstance;€and€that,Ð D”  Ðin€any€event,€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€testimony€was€corroborated€by€the€testimony€of€his€younger€brother,Ð *z  ÐThomas€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô.€Ð ` ÐÌÔ#†Xl(XXXl(†4#Ôà  àÔ‡Xl(XXXl(ÔThis€Court€has€repeatedly€held€that€a€conviction€may€not€be€based€solely€upon€theÐ Ü, Ðuncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice€to€the€offense.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Stoutóó,€___€S.W.3d€___Ð Â Ð(Tenn.€2001);Ô#†Xl(XXXl( L#Ô€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBigbeeÔ_Ôóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994);€òòÔ_ÔMontsÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€379€S.W.2d€34,Ð ¨ø Ð43€(Tenn.€1964).€€We€have€described€the€nature€of€this€requirement€as€follows:Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[Ô_ÔT]hereÔ_Ô€must€be€some€fact€testified€to,€entirely€independent€of€theÐ Zª Ðaccompliceððs€testimony,€which,€taken€by€itself,€leads€to€the€inference,Ð @ Ðnot€only€that€a€crime€has€been€committed,€but€also€that€the€defendantÐ &v Ðis€implicated€in€it;€and€this€independent€corroborative€testimony€mustÐ  \ Ðalso€include€some€fact€establishing€the€defendantððs€identity.€€ThisÐ òB Ðcorroborative€evidence€may€be€direct€or€entirely€circumstantial,€andÐ Ø( Ðit€need€not€be€adequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€a€conviction;€òòit€isÐ ¾ Ðsufficient€to€meet€the€requirements€of€the€rule€if€it€fairly€andÐ ¤ô Ðlegitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€ofÐ Š Ú Ðthe€crime€chargedóó.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€corroboration€extendÐ p!À  Ðto€every€part€of€the€accompliceððs€evidence.ÐV"¦!` x` x ÐÌâ âÐ "$r# ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ÔBigbeeÔ_Ôóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€803€(quoting€òòHawkins€v.€Stateóó,€469€S.W.2d€515,€520€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð ° Ðâ âApp.€1971)€(citations€omitted))€(emphasis€added).Ô‡Xl(XXXl(Ô€€As€the€State€correctly€argues,€this€Court€has€neverÐ –æ Ðextended€the€corroboration€requirement€to€an€accomplice€testifying€in€the€sentencing€phase€of€aÐ |Ì Ðcapital€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Henleyóó,€774€Ô_ÔS.W.Ô_Ô€908,€913€(Tenn.€1989)€(conviction€may€not€be€based€onÐ b² Ðaccompliceððs€testimony€unless€there€is€some€corroboration).€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àThere€is€likewise€no€statutory€provision€that€requires€corroboration€of€an€accompliceððsÐ  d Ðtestimony€for€the€finding€of€an€aggravating€circumstance€in€the€sentencing€phase€of€a€capital€trial.€Ð ú J ÐInstead,€at€the€time€of€this€offense,€the€statute€governing€the€admissibility€of€evidence€in€theÐ à 0 Ðsentencing€phase€of€a€capital€trial€provided€as€follows:€€à8 @ àÐ Æ   ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIn€the€sentencing€proceeding,€evidence€may€be€presented€as€to€anyÐ ’â  Ðmatter€that€the€court€deems€relevant€to€the€punishment€and€mayÐ xÈ  Ðinclude,€but€not€be€limited€to,€the€nature€and€circumstances€of€theÐ ^®  Ðcrime;€the€defendantððs€character,€background€history,€and€physicalÐ D”  Ðcondition;€any€evidence€tending€to€establish€or€rebut€the€aggravatingÐ *z  Ðcircumstances€enumerated€in€subsection€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€below;€and€any€evidenceÐ ` Ðtending€to€establish€or€rebut€any€mitigating€factors.€€Any€suchÐ öF Ðevidence€which€the€court€deems€to€have€probative€value€on€the€issueÐ Ü, Ðof€punishment€may€be€received€regardless€of€its€admissibility€underÐ Â Ðthe€rules€of€evidence,€provided€that€the€defendant€is€accorded€a€fairÐ ¨ø Ðopportunity€to€rebut€any€hearsay€statements€so€admitted.€€However,Ð ŽÞ Ðthis€subsection€shall€not€be€construed€to€authorize€the€introduction€ofÐ tÄ Ðany€evidence€secured€in€violation€of€the€Constitution€of€the€UnitedÐ Zª ÐStates€or€the€state€of€Tennessee.Ð@` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(c)€(1982).€€The€statute€obviously€contains€no€express€provisionÐ  \ Ðregarding€the€corroboration€of€accomplice€testimony€and€instead€affords€the€trial€court€wideÐ òB Ðdiscretion€in€ruling€upon€the€admissibility€of€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€___€S.W.3d€___€(Tenn.Ð Ø( Ð2001)€(discussing€trial€courtððs€broad€discretion€under€the€identical€provisions€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ¾ Ððð€39„13„204(c)€(1997)).Ô#†Xl(XXXl(›S#ÔÔ‡Xl(XXXl(ÔÐ ¤ô Ѐ€à  àÐ Š Ú Ðà  àIn€addition€to€the€absence€of€case€law€or€statutory€authority,€we€likewise€find€no€other€basisÐ p!À  Ðor€rationale€for€applying€the€corroboration€requirement€in€a€capital€sentencing€proceeding.€€TheÐ V"¦! Ðpurpose€of€the€corroboration€requirement€is€to€assure€that€a€òòconvictionóó€is€not€predicated€solely€uponÐ <#Œ" Ðthe€testimony€of€a€witness€who€was€also€involved€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòÔ_ÔBigbeeÔ_Ôóó,€885Ð "$r# ÐS.W.2d€at€803.€€In€a€capital€sentencing€proceeding,€the€defendant€has€already€been€convicted€of€theÐ %X $ Ðoffense€and€the€testimony€of€any€accomplice€has€been€subject€to€the€corroboration€requirementÐ î%>!% Ðduring€the€guilt€phase€of€the€trial.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòPeople€v.€Hamiltonóó,€259€Cal.€Ô_ÔRptrÔ_Ô.€701,€774€P.2d€730,€752Ð Ô&$"& Ð(1989).€€Ð º' #' ÐÐ  (ð#( Ðà  àMoreover,€the€capital€sentencing€scheme€as€a€whole€contains€numerous€specific€provisionsÐ ° Ðto€ensure€a€high€degree€of€reliability€in€deciding€whether€a€death€sentence€is€appropriate.€€The€juryÐ –æ Ðis€required€to€find,€for€example,€that€any€aggravating€circumstance€has€been€proven€by€theÐ |Ì Ðprosecution€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€that€the€evidence€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÐ b² Ðoutweighed€evidence€of€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(g)€(1982).׃&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€juryððsÐ H˜ Ðconsideration€of€mitigating€factors€may€include€ð ðany€aspect€of€a€defendantððs€character€or€record€orÐ . ~ Ðany€of€the€circumstances€of€the€offense€that€the€defendant€proffers€as€a€basis€for€a€sentence€less€thanÐ  d Ðdeath.ðð€€òòState€v.€Stoutóó,€___€S.W.3d€at€___€(quoting€òòÔ_ÔLockettÔ_Ô€v.€Ohioóó,€438€U.S.€586,€604,€98€S.€Ct.Ð ú J Ð2954,€2964,€57€L.€Ed.€2d€973€(1978)).€€Finally,€every€sentence€of€death€must€also€be€carefullyÐ à 0 Ðscrutinized€on€appeal€to€determine€whether€the€juryððs€findings€are€supported€by€the€evidence€andÐ Æ   Ðwhether€the€sentence€of€death€is€arbitrary,€excessive,€or€disproportionate€to€sentences€imposed€inÐ ¬ ü  Ðother€cases.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„205(c)€(1982).׃Ê×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€light€of€these€specific€statutoryÐ ’â  Ðprovisions€governing€capital€sentencing,€we€conclude€that€there€is€no€basis€or€rationale€for€applyingÐ xÈ  Ðthe€corroboration€requirement€to€the€sentencing€phase€of€a€capital€trial.Ð ^®  ÐÌÔ#†Xl(XXXl(K^#Ôà  àIn€a€related€issue,€we€agree€with€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€conclusion€that€the€trial€courtÐ *z  Ðdid€not€err€in€failing€to€charge€accomplice€corroboration€as€part€of€any€ð ðnon„statutory€mitigatingÐ ` Ðfactorsðð€requested€by€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€had€requested€two€special€instructions€thatÐ öF Ðstated,€in€part,€that€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€was€an€accomplice;€that€he€lacked€credibility€due€to€his€inconsistentÐ Ü, Ðstatements€and€testimony;€and€that€he€was€not€charged€or€convicted€for€his€role€in€the€offense.€€Ð  ÐÌà  àUnder€statutory€law€at€the€time€of€this€offense,€however,€a€trial€court€was€not€required€toÐ ŽÞ Ðinstruct€the€jury€on€non„statutory€mitigating€factors.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hartmanóó,€703€S.W.2d€106,€118Ð tÄ Ð(Tenn.€1985).€€Although€a€1989€statutory€amendment€requires€instructions€on€non„statutoryÐ Zª Ðmitigating€factors€that€are€supported€by€the€evidence,€it€is€not€applicable€to€offenses€committedÐ @ Ðbefore€the€effective€date€of€the€amendment.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€993€S.W.2d€6,€32€(Tenn.€1999).€€Ô‡Xl(XXXl(ÔInÐ &v Ðany€event,€the€evidence€of€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€involvement€in€the€offense€and€his€inconsistent€statementsÐ  \ Ðwas€heard€by€the€jury.€€€The€defense€vigorously€argued€that€the€evidence€impeached€the€witness€andÐ òB Ðcast€doubt€on€Baneððs€involvement€in€the€murder.€€Therefore,€even€if€a€specific€instruction€had€beenÐ Ø( Ðappropriate,€its€absence€did€not€affect€the€outcome€to€the€prejudice€of€the€defendant.Ð ¾ ÐÌòòò òà@ìàPsychological€and€Medical€RecordsóóˆÐ Š Ú Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€admit€records€regarding€BrianÐ V"¦! ÐÔ_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€medical€and€psychological€treatment€for€the€purpose€of€impeaching€the€witness€and€raisingÐ <#Œ" Ðð ðresidual€doubtðð€as€to€the€defendantððs€role€in€the€offense.€€The€State€counters€that€the€defense€wasÐ "$r# Ðallowed€to€inquire€extensively€into€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€medical€and€psychological€backgroundÔ#†Xl(XXXl(o#ÔÔ‡Xl(XXXl(Ô€and€thatÐ %X $ Ðthe€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€refusing€to€admit€the€underlying€medical€recordsÔ#†Xl(XXXl(Ës#ÔÔ‡Xl(XXXl(Ô.Ð î%>!% ÐÐ Ô&$"& Ðà  àThe€defendant€relies€in€part€upon€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.€617,€which€provides€that€a€ð ðparty€may€offerÐ ° Ðevidence€that€a€witness€suffered€from€impaired€capacity€at€the€time€of€an€occurrence€or€testimony.ðð€Ð –æ ÐAs€we€discussed€above,€however,€the€admissibility€of€evidence€in€a€capital€sentencing€proceedingÐ |Ì Ðis€largely€governed€by€a€statute€that€ð ðshould€be€interpreted€to€allow€trial€judges€wider€discretion€thanÐ b² Ðwould€normally€be€allowed€under€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€.€.€.€.ðð€Ô#†Xl(XXXl(‹t#ÔÔ‡Xl(XXXl(Ô€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€___€S.W.3dÐ H˜ Ðat€___.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€We€also€observed€in€òòSimsóó:Ð . ~ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€Rules€of€Evidence€should€not€be€applied€to€preclude€introductionÐ ú J Ðof€otherwise€reliable€evidence€that€is€relevant€to€the€issue€ofÐ à 0 Ðpunishment,€as€it€relates€to€mitigating€or€aggravating€circumstances,Ð Æ   Ðthe€nature€and€circumstances€of€the€particular€crime,€or€the€characterÐ ¬ ü  Ðand€background€of€the€individual€defendant.€€As€our€case€historyÐ ’â  Ðreveals,€however,€the€discretion€allowed€judges€and€attorneys€duringÐ xÈ  Ðsentencing€in€first€degree€murder€cases€is€not€unfettered.€€OurÐ ^®  Ðconstitutional€standards€require€inquiry€into€the€reliability,€relevance,Ð D”  Ðvalue,€and€prejudicial€effect€of€sentencing€evidence€to€preserveÐ *z  Ðfundamental€fairness€and€protect€the€rights€of€both€the€defendant€andÐ ` Ðthe€victimððs€family.€€òòThe€rules€of€evidence€can€in€some€instances€beÐ öF Ðhelpful€guides€in€reaching€these€determinations€of€admissibility.€Ð Ü, ÐTrial€judges€are€not,€however,€required€to€adhere€strictly€to€the€rulesÐ Â Ðof€evidenceóó.€€These€rules€are€too€restrictive€and€unwieldy€in€the€arenaÐ ¨ø Ðof€capital€sentencing.ÐŽÞ` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€at€___€(emphasis€added).à  à€Ô#†Xl(XXXl(Uw#ÔÐ Zª ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€correctly€asserts€that€a€defendant€is€permitted€to€present€evidence€ofÐ &v Ðð ðresidual€doubtðð€as€a€non„statutory€mitigating€factor€in€a€re„sentencing€proceeding.€€òòState€v.€Teagueóó,Ð  \ Ð897€S.W.2d€248,€256€(Tenn.€1995).€€We€recently€have€explained:Ð òB ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àBy€definition,€residual€doubt€is€established€by€proof€that€casts€doubtÐ ¾ Ðon€the€defendantððs€guilt.€€It€is€not€limited€to€proof€that€mitigates€theÐ ¤ô Ðdefendantððs€culpability€for€the€crimes.€€ÐŠ Ú` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWhile€we€agree.€.€.€that€not€all€impeachment€proof€will€be€relevantÐ V"¦! Ðto€show€residual€doubt,€it€does€not€logically€follow€that€impeachmentÐ <#Œ" Ðproof€will€never€be€relevant€to€establish€residual€doubt€about€theÐ "$r# Ðdefendantððs€guilt.€€Where.€.€.€the€proffered€residual€doubt€isÐ %X $ Ðimpeachment€of€the€testimony€of€the€only€witness€who€offered€directÐ î%>!% Ðâ ârather€than€circumstantial€proof€of€the€defendantððs€involvement€in€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðcrime,€such€proof€clearly€is€relevant€and€admissible€to€establishÐ ° Ðresidual€doubt€as€a€mitigating€circumstance.Жæ` x` x Ðâ âÌòòState€v.€Hartmanóó,€___€S.W.3d€___,€___€(Tenn.€2001).€€Ð b² ÐÌà  àWith€these€principles€in€mind,€the€defendant€argued€that€he€wanted€to€use€the€records€to€showÐ . ~ Ðthat€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€had€a€history€of€mental€health€problems;€that€he€had€been€discharged€fromÐ  d Ðtreatment€against€medical€advice€shortly€before€the€offense;€and€that€his€capacity€to€recall€and€relateÐ ú J Ðfacts€was€impaired.€€Moreover,€the€defendant€argued€that€because€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€was€the€main€witnessÐ à 0 Ðagainst€him,€the€impeachment€evidence€necessarily€raised€doubt€as€to€the€defendantððs€role€in€theÐ Æ   Ðoffense.Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌà  àThe€record€reveals€that€the€trial€court€gave€careful€consideration€to€this€issue.€€The€courtÐ xÈ  Ðconducted€several€jury„out€hearings€on€the€issue€and€did€not€foreclose€any€efforts€made€by€theÐ ^®  Ðdefendant€to€question€the€witness€with€regard€to€his€history€of€suicide€attempts,€mental€healthÐ D”  Ðtreatment,€and€drug€abuse.€€The€trial€court€even€signed€an€order€allowing€the€defense€to€obtainÐ *z  Ðcertain€medical€and€psychological€records.€€During€the€sentencing,€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€testified€about€hisÐ ` Ðtwo€suicide€attempts,€one€of€which€occurred€one€month€before€the€offense,€and€he€testified€that€heÐ öF Ðhad€been€treated€in€two€mental€health€facilities.€€He€testified€that€his€sister€had€committed€suicideÐ Ü, Ðseveral€months€before€the€murder.€€Finally,€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€admitted€his€history€of€using€marijuana,€cocaine,Ð Â Ðalcohol,€and€speed.€€When€denying€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€on€this€issue,€the€trial€court€made€theÐ ¨ø Ðfollowing€findings:Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àDefense€counsel€asked€Bryan€[sic]€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€about€the€information€inÐ Zª Ðthe€records€and€the€witness€admitted€everything.€€Thus,€the€jury€heardÐ @ Ðthe€evidence€from€the€witness€himself,€there€was€nothing€to€impeach,Ð &v Ðand€the€defense€was€free€to€argue€Bryan€[sic]€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€credibility€toÐ  \ Ðthe€jury€in€closing€argument.ÐòB` x` x ÐÌÌMoreover,€as€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€observed,€the€evidence€failed€to€show€that€the€witnessððsÐ ¤ô Ðalleged€impaired€capacity€existed€at€the€time€of€the€offense€or€at€the€time€of€the€witnessððs€testimony.€Ð Š Ú ÐòòSeeóóTenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.€617.Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€defendant€was€not€denied€an€opportunity€to€use€evidenceÐ <#Œ" Ðof€Brian€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€medical€and€psychological€history€for€the€purpose€of€impeaching€the€witnessððsÐ "$r# Ðtestimony€or€raising€any€doubts€about€the€defendantððs€role€in€the€offense.€€€In€short,€the€trial€courtÐ %X $ Ðdid€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€ruling€that€the€mental€and€psychological€records€were€cumulative€toÐ î%>!% Ðthe€testimony€and€therefore€inadmissible.€€€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌÌÌÐ  l*¼%* Ðà@# # ìàò òòòSequestration€of€Defense€Expert€Witnessóóó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€and€violated€his€rightsÐ |Ì Ðto€due€process€and€confrontation€by€refusing€to€exempt€the€defendantððs€expert€witness,€a€pathologist,Ð b² Ðfrom€the€rule€of€witness€sequestration.€€The€defendant€specifically€argues€that€the€presence€of€hisÐ H˜ Ðexpert€witness€in€the€courtroom€was€essential€for€the€purpose€of€responding€to€and€rebutting€theÐ . ~ Ðtestimony€of€the€Shelby€County€Medical€Examiner.€€The€State€responds€that€the€trial€court€did€notÐ  d Ðabuse€its€discretion€and€that,€in€any€event,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€how€he€wasÐ ú J Ðprejudiced€by€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€relies€in€part€upon€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€615,€which€provides€that€ð ð[a]t€the€requestÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€a€party€the€court€shall€order€witnesses,€including€rebuttal€witnesses,€excluded€at€trial€or€otherÐ ’â  Ðadjudicatory€hearing.ðð€€The€rule€also€provides,€however,€that€it€does€not€authorize€the€exclusion€ofÐ xÈ  Ðð ða€person€whose€presence€is€shown€by€a€party€to€be€essential€to€the€presentation€of€the€partyððsÐ ^®  Ðcause.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€615.€€The€comments€to€the€rule€suggest€that€an€essential€witness€may€be€ð ðanÐ D”  Ðexpert€witness€a€lawyer€needs€to€help€the€lawyer€understand€opposing€testimony.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.Ð *z  ÐEvid.€615€(advisory€commission€comments).€€The€purpose€of€the€rule,€simply€put,€is€to€prevent€aÐ ` Ðwitness€from€changing€or€altering€his€or€her€testimony€based€on€testimony€heard€or€facts€learnedÐ öF Ðfrom€other€testifying€witnesses.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€68€(Tenn.€1992).€Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àAs€the€defendant€points€out,€we€recently€said€that€Rule€615€is€not€applicable€in€a€proceedingÐ ¨ø Ðto€determine€whether€a€defendant€is€competent€to€be€executed.€€òòCoe€v.€Stateóó,€17€S.W.3d€193,€222Ð ŽÞ Ð(Tenn.€2000).€€In€ruling€that€mental€health€experts€were€permitted€to€remain€in€the€courtroom€despiteÐ tÄ Ðthe€general€rule€of€witness€sequestration,€we€focused€on€the€unique€nature€of€such€a€competencyÐ Zª Ðproceeding:Ð @ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAllowing€the€mental€health€experts€to€remain€in€the€courtroom€duringÐ  \ Ðthe€presentation€of€the€proof€is€entirely€consistent€with€the€purpose€ofÐ òB Ðcompetency€proceedings€which€is€to€accurately€ascertain€theÐ Ø( Ðprisonerððs€mental€state.€€.€.€.€€òòAlso,€the€dangers€Rule€615€is€intendedÐ ¾ Ðto€prevent€do€not€arise€in€a€proceeding€to€determine€competency€to€beÐ ¤ô Ðexecutedóó.€€In€light€of€the€fact€that€both€the€State€and€the€prisoner€haveÐ Š Ú Ðaccess€to€the€reports€of€the€experts€prior€to€the€hearing,€there€is€littleÐ p!À  Ðor€no€risk€that€one€of€the€expert€witnesses€will€change€his€or€herÐ V"¦! Ðtestimony€or€adopt€facts€testified€to€by€other€witnesses.Ð<#Œ"` x` x ÐÌòòId.óóat€222„23€(emphasis€added).€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àAlthough€òòCoeóóinvolved€a€mental€competency€proceeding,€we€believe€that€the€dangers€RuleÐ Ô&$"& Ð615€is€intended€to€prevent€generally€do€not€arise€with€regard€to€expert€witnesses€in€any€proceeding.€Ð º' #' ÐIn€fact,€the€rules€of€evidence€provide€that€an€expert€witness€may€testify€and€base€an€opinion€onÐ  (ð#( Ðevidence€or€facts€made€known€to€the€expert€òòat€or€beforeóó€a€hearing€and€the€facts€need€not€beÐ †)Ö$) Ðadmissible€at€trial.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€703.€€Moreover,€an€expert€witness€often€may€need€to€hear€the€Ð  l*¼%* Ðsubstance€of€the€testimony€of€other€witnesses€in€order€to€formulate€an€opinion€or€respond€to€theÐ ° Ðopinions€of€other€expert€witnesses.€€In€short,€allowing€an€expert€witness€to€remain€in€the€courtroomÐ –æ Ðas€an€ð ðessential€personðð€generally€does€not€create€the€risk€that€the€expert€will€alter€or€change€factualÐ |Ì Ðtestimony€based€on€what€is€heard€in€the€courtroom.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€courtÐ b² Ðerred€by€refusing€to€allow€the€defendantððs€expert€witness€to€remain€in€the€courtroom€withoutÐ H˜ Ðconsidering€the€purpose€and€application€of€Rule€615.€€€€Ð . ~ ÐÌà  àWe€must€therefore€determine€whether€the€error€affected€the€outcome€of€the€proceedings€toÐ ú J Ðthe€defendantððs€prejudice.€€We€observe€first€thatò ò€ó óthe€defendant€and€his€expert€pathologist€had€theÐ à 0 Ðbenefit€of€the€medical€examinerððs€testimony€from€the€initial€trial.€€The€defendant€and€his€expert€alsoÐ Æ   Ðhad€the€benefit€of€the€autopsy€report€and€the€findings€with€respect€to€the€victimððs€injury€and€death.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐMoreover,€there€is€no€indication€that€the€medical€examinerððs€testimony€was€so€detailed€or€complexÐ ’â  Ðas€to€be€beyond€the€ability€of€defense€counsel€to€comprehend€and€prepare€a€defense.€€Finally,€theÐ xÈ  Ðdefendant€did€not€call€the€expert€to€testify€at€the€motion€for€new€trial€hearing€or€otherwise€attemptÐ ^®  Ðto€make€an€offer€of€proof€as€to€how€the€evidence€or€cross„examination€of€the€medical€examinerÐ D”  Ðwould€have€differed€had€his€expert€witness€been€allowed€to€remain€in€the€courtroom.€€Accordingly,Ð *z  Ðfor€all€of€these€reasons,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€courtððs€refusal€to€allow€the€defendantððs€expertÐ ` Ðwitness€to€remain€in€the€courtroom€did€not€affect€the€outcome€to€the€prejudice€of€the€defendant.€€€€Ð öF ÐÌÌà@Å Å ìàò òòòNon„Statutory€Aggravating€CircumstancesˆÐ ¨ø Ðó óóóÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€prosecution€was€permitted€to€introduce€and€argue€a€non„Ð tÄ Ðstatutory€aggravating€circumstance€by€referring€to€the€defendantððs€relationships€with€women€and€hisÐ Zª Ðð ðpromiscuity.ðð€The€defendantððs€argument€is€based€largely€upon€the€prosecutionððs€questioning€of€hisÐ @ Ðaunt,€Wilma€McNeill,€with€regard€to€how€many€times€the€defendant€had€been€married€and€theÐ &v Ðnumber€of€women€with€whom€he€had€been€involved€in€a€relationship.€€McNeill€replied€that€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€had€been€married€twice,€but€that€she€did€not€know€about€his€personal€life.€€The€StateÐ òB Ðmaintains€that€the€evidence€was€proper€to€rebut€evidence€of€mitigating€factors€presented€by€theÐ Ø( Ðdefendant.Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€prosecution€may€not€argue€that€the€jury€impose€a€deathÐ Š Ú Ðsentence€based€on€any€factor€that€is€not€a€statutory€aggravating€circumstance.€€òòSeeóó€òòCozzolino€v.Ð p!À  ÐStateóó,€584€S.W.2d€765,€768€(Tenn.€1979).€€As€the€State€points€out,€however,€the€prosecution€isÐ V"¦! Ðpermitted€to€rebut€any€mitigating€factors€relied€on€by€a€defendant.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„Ð <#Œ" Ð203(c)€(1982);€òòTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3d€147€(Tenn.€2001).€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€introducedÐ "$r# Ðmitigating€evidence€of€his€family€background,€marriage,€and€two€sons.€€The€prosecution€respondedÐ %X $ Ðby€detailing€the€defendantððs€relationships€with€several€women.€€We€agree€with€the€Court€of€CriminalÐ î%>!% ÐAppeals€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€allowing€the€prosecution€to€rebut€the€Ð  Ô&$"& Ðmitigating€evidence€in€this€manner.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Moreover,€there€is€no€indication€that€the€prosecution€used€theÐ ° Ðevidence€as€a€non„statutory€aggravating€circumstance€or€otherwise€argued€that€the€jury€was€permittedÐ –æ Ðto€consider€any€non„statutory€aggravating€circumstance.€€€€€òòò òÐ |Ì Ðóóó óÌà  àIn€a€related€argument,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€prosecution€engaged€in€misconductÐ H˜ Ðby€calling€him€ð ðsweetheartðð€several€times€during€closing€argument€and€by€arguing€that€the€defendantÐ . ~ Ðwas€seeing€another€woman€despite€having€ð ðmoved€inðð€with€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô.€€The€State€contends€thatÐ  d Ðthe€prosecutorððs€closing€argument€was€properly€based€on€the€evidence.Ð ú J ÐÌà  àThis€Court€has€often€observed€that€closing€argument€is€a€valuable€privilege€that€should€notÐ Æ   Ðbe€unduly€restricted.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBigbeeÔ_Ôóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€809.€€We€have€likewise€recognized€that€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðprosecutor€may€not€engage€in€derogatory€remarks€or€name€calling.€€òòState€v.€Batesóó,€804€S.W.2d€868,Ð ’â  Ð881€(Tenn.€1991)€(referring€to€defendant€as€a€ð ðrabid€dogðð).€€€The€trial€court€has€wide€discretion€inÐ xÈ  Ðcontrolling€the€course€of€arguments€and€will€not€be€reversed€absent€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.€Ð ^®  ÐMoreover,€prosecutorial€misconduct€does€not€amount€to€reversible€error€absent€a€showing€that€it€hasÐ D”  Ðaffected€the€outcome€to€the€prejudice€of€the€defendant.€€òòSeeóó€òòTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3d€at€156.€€€Ð *z  ÐÌà  àIn€reviewing€the€record,€we€agree€with€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€conclusion€that€theÐ öF Ðprosecutorððs€closing€arguments€in€this€case€were€based€on€the€evidence€and€were€not€designed€toÐ Ü, Ðassert€a€non„statutory€aggravating€circumstance.€To€the€contrary,€it€appears€that€the€arguments€wereÐ Â Ðin€response€to€the€defendantððs€frequent€attacks€on€the€credibility€of€Brian€Lovett.€€The€prosecutorÐ ¨ø Ðargued,€in€part:Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àBrian€Lovett,€whose€sister€committed€suicide,€who€was€not€even€inÐ Zª Ðschool,€could€not€even€live€with€his€father,€ended€up€living€with€hisÐ @ Ðmother,€Donna€Lovett,€and€her€ððsweetheart,ðð€the€defendant.€€.€.€.€Ð &v ÐBrian€Lovett,€because€of€the€problems€in€his€life,€like€a€lot€of€youngÐ  \ Ðkids€got€involved€with€drugs.€€After€his€sisterððs€suicide,€[he]€checkedÐ òB Ðhimself€into€a€hospital€for€help.€€€He€.€.€.€attempted€to€commit€suicideÐ Ø( Ðby€taking€Tylenol,€which€may€be€a€suicide€attempt,€it€may€just€be€aÐ ¾ Ðcry€for€help.€€But€he€did€it€twice.€€And€he€ended€up€trying€to€get€helpÐ ¤ô Ðor€maybe€getting€help€because€he€did€go€to€two€mental€institutions.€Ð Š Ú Ð.€.€.€Ðp!À ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àHe€returned€safe€to€the€bosom€of€his€mother€and€her€ððsweetheartðð€overÐ <#Œ" Ðhere.€€And€they€sit€around€and€talk€about€robbing€somebody.€€HisÐ "$r# Ðmother€is€talking€with€her€ððsweetheartðð€who€has€moved€in€with€herÐ %X $ Ðabout€robbing€some€old€man.€€So€he€joins€in€on€the€conversation.€Ð î%>!% Ðâ âThey€practice€their€knockout€drops€on€him.€€His€mother€and€hisÐ Ô&$"& Ðmotherððs€ððsweetheartðð€practice€knockout€drops€on€him?€€Yeah,€heððsÐ ° Ðgot€a€real€good€start,€hasnððt€he?Жæ` x` x Ðâ âÌÌAccordingly,€when€viewed€in€context,€there€is€no€indication€that€the€arguments€were€inflammatoryÐ H˜ Ðor€intended€for€the€jury€to€impose€the€death€penalty€based€€on€a€non„statutory€aggravatingÐ . ~ Ðcircumstance.€€Moreover,€although€the€prosecution€should€refrain€from€engaging€in€any€sort€ofÐ  d Ðpersonal€name„calling,€the€arguments€in€no€way€affected€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€theÐ ú J Ðdefendant.Ð à 0 ÐÌÌà@† † ìàò òòòHeinous,€Atrocious,€or€Cruel€Aggravating€CircumstanceˆÐ ’â  ÐÌà  àó óóóThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€applicationÐ ^®  Ðof€the€ð ðheinous,€atrocious,€or€cruelðð€aggravating€circumstance€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„Ð D”  Ð203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5)€(1982).€€Specifically,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€prosecution€failed€to€prove€ð ðtorture€andÐ *z  Ðdepravity€of€mindðð€because€there€was€no€evidence€that€the€victim€was€alive€when€he€was€placed€inÐ ` Ðthe€bathtub€full€of€water.€€The€State€maintains€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððsÐ öF Ðapplication€of€this€aggravating€circumstance.Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àAt€the€time€of€this€offense,€this€aggravating€circumstance€provided€that€the€ð ðmurder€wasÐ ¨ø Ðespecially€heinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel€in€that€it€involved€torture€or€depravity€of€mind.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÐ ŽÞ ÐAnn.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5)€(1982).€€In€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€we€explained€that€the€terms€of€the€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5)Ð tÄ Ðaggravating€circumstance€must€be€given€their€plain€and€natural€meaning€as€follows:€ð ðtortureðð€meansÐ Zª Ðthe€infliction€of€severe€physical€or€mental€pain€while€the€victim€is€alive€and€conscious;€ð ðheinousððÐ @ Ðmeans€grossly€wicked€or€reprehensible,€abominable,€odious,€vile;€ð ðatrociousðð€means€extremely€evilÐ &v Ðor€cruel,€monstrous,€exceptionally€bad,€abominable;€ð ðcruelðð€means€disposed€to€inflict€pain€orÐ  \ Ðsuffering,€causing€suffering,€painful;€and€ð ðdepravity€of€mindðð€means€moral€corruption,€wicked€orÐ òB Ðperverse€act.€€690€S.W.2d€517,€527„30€(Tenn.€1985)òòóó.€€Moreover,€we€have€repeatedly€rejected€theÐ Ø( Ðargument€that€this€aggravating€circumstance€is€vague,€overly€broad,€or€otherwise€invalid.€€òòSeeóó€òòTerryÐ ¾ Ðv.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3d€at€160;€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔStrouthÔ_Ôóó,€999€S.W.2d€759,€764€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.Ð ¤ô ÐÔ_ÔMiddlebrooksÔ_Ôóó,€995€S.W.2d€550,€555„56€(Tenn.€1999).€€Ð Š Ú ÐÌÓ °X°œXÓà  àWe€now€address€whether€the€evidence€in€this€case€was€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððsÐ V"¦! Ðapplication€of€the€aggravating€circumstance.€€Our€analysis€requires€that€we€determine€whether,€afterÐ <#Œ" Ðviewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÐ "$r# Ðthe€existence€of€the€aggravating€circumstance€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3dÐ %X $ Ðat€160„61.€€€Ð î%>!% ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€evidence€revealed€that€the€defendant€Bane€planned€the€robbery€of€the€victimÐ º' #' Ðalong€with€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô.€€The€defendant€repeatedly€beat€the€60„year„old€victim,€causing€bruises€andÐ  (ð#( Ðinjuries€to€the€victimððs€face,€eyes,€head,€arms€and€hip,€while€the€victim€struggled€for€his€life.€€TheÐ †)Ö$) Ðvictim€was€forcibly€gagged,€displacing€his€tongue€to€the€back€of€his€mouth;€a€plastic€bag€was€placedÐ l*¼%* Ðover€his€head€and€then€tied€around€his€neck€with€an€electrical€cord.€€The€victim€was€then€strangled,€Ð  R+¢&+ Ðcutting€off€the€blood€supply€and€air€supply€to€his€body.€€Although€the€medical€examiner€could€notÐ ° Ðtestify€with€complete€certainty€how€long€the€victim€may€have€remained€conscious,€it€can€be€inferredÐ –æ Ðfrom€the€proof€of€numerous€blows,€the€victimððs€struggle,€the€gagging,€the€placing€of€a€plastic€bagÐ |Ì Ðover€the€victimððs€head,€and€the€strangulation€with€the€electrical€cord€that€the€ordeal€lasted€minutesÐ b² Ðand€that€unconsciousness€was€not€instantaneous.€€Moreover,€the€medical€examiner€testified€withinÐ H˜ Ða€reasonable€degree€of€certainty€that€the€victim€was€still€alive€when€placed€in€the€bathtub€full€ofÐ . ~ Ðwater.€€This€is€likewise€supported€by€the€fact€that€a€plunger€had€to€be€used€to€hold€the€victimððs€faceÐ  d Ðand€head€underwater€and€by€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€testimony€that€the€defendant€stated€he€had€beaten€the€victimÐ ú J Ðseveral€times€because€the€victim€kept€getting€up.€€Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€in€reviewing€the€record€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€we€conclude€thatÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€evidence€supported€the€juryððs€finding€that€the€murder€was€especially€atrocious€or€cruel€in€thatÐ ’â  Ðit€involved€torture€and€depravity€of€mind.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€€€òòò òÐ xÈ  ÐÌÌà@‹‹ìàAvoiding,€Interfering€With,€or€Preventing€a€Lawful€Arrest€or€Prosecution€ˆÐ *z  ÐÌó óóóà  àThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€aggravating€circumstance€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)Ð öF Ð(1982)€was€improperly€applied€for€several€reasons.€€He€contends€that€the€aggravating€circumstanceÐ Ü, Ðapplies€in€every€case€in€which€the€victim€knows€the€defendant€and€therefore€fails€to€narrow€the€classÐ Â Ðof€death„eligible€offenders;€that€the€prosecution€should€not€have€been€allowed€to€use€this€aggravatingÐ ¨ø Ðcircumstance€since€it€was€not€relied€upon€in€the€original€sentencing€proceeding;€and€that€the€evidenceÐ ŽÞ Ðwas€insufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€application€of€this€aggravating€circumstance.€€The€StateÐ tÄ Ðmaintains€that€the€aggravating€circumstance€was€properly€applied€and€that€the€juryððs€finding€wasÐ Zª Ðsupported€by€the€evidence.Ð @ ÐÌà@"ìàòòò òConstitutionalityóóó óˆÐ  \ ÐÌà  àAt€the€time€of€this€offense,€this€aggravating€circumstance€was€applicable€where€ð ðthe€murderÐ Ø( Ðwas€committed€for€the€purpose€of€avoiding,€interfering€with,€or€preventing€a€lawful€arrest€orÐ ¾ Ðprosecution€of€the€defendant€or€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)(1982).€€We€haveÐ ¤ô Ðupheld€the€application€of€this€factor€in€a€number€of€circumstances.€€òòSeeóó€òòTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3dÐ Š Ú Ðat€161.€€Moreover,€we€have€previously€rejected€the€defendantððs€argument€that€the€aggravatingÐ p!À  Ðcircumstance€is€unconstitutional€for€failing€to€narrow€the€class€of€death„eligible€offenders.€€òòState€v.Ð V"¦! ÐBushóó,€942€S.W.2d€489,€504„05€(Tenn.€1997).€€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€Bane€was€charged€with€the€felony€murder€of€the€victim€in€theÐ %X $ Ðperpetration€of€a€robbery.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„202(a)(1982).€€The€offense€required€the€Ð î%>!% ÐÐ  Ô&$"& ÐState€to€establish€that€the€victim€was€killed€in€the€perpetration€or€attempt€to€perpetrate€the€robberyÐ ° Ðof€the€victim.€€Obtaining€a€òòconvictionóófor€felony€murder€did€òònotóó€require€evidence€that€the€killing€wasÐ –æ Ðfor€the€purpose€of€avoiding,€interfering€with,€or€preventing€a€lawful€arrest€or€prosecutionòòóó.€€Instead,Ð |Ì Ðthat€additional€evidence€was€necessary€to€establish€the€aggravating€circumstance€for€sentencing.€€òòSeeóóÐ b² ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)(1982).€€Thus,€the€aggravating€circumstance€did€not€duplicate€theÐ H˜ Ðelements€of€the€underlying€offense€and€sufficiently€narrowed€the€class€of€persons€eligible€for€theÐ . ~ Ðpenalty€of€death.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Bushóó,€942€S.W.2d€at€505€(upholding€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)€aggravating€circumstanceÐ  d Ðas€applied€to€premeditated€murder).€€€Ð ú J ÐÌÌà@G G ìàòòò òProsecutionððs€Reliance€in€Re„sentencingóóó óˆÐ ¬ ü  ÐÌà  àWe€also€conclude€that€the€prosecution€was€not€barred€from€relying€on€this€aggravatingÐ xÈ  Ðcircumstance€for€the€re„sentencing.€€In€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€we€held€that€where€a€defendant€is€sentencedÐ ^®  Ðto€death€and€then€receives€relief€on€appeal,€the€prosecution€is€not€prohibited€from€again€seeking€theÐ D”  Ðdeath€penalty€at€re„sentencing.€€€919€S.W.2d€323,€330€(Tenn.€1996).€€Moreover,€we€concluded€thatÐ *z  Ðunder€the€so„called€ð ðclean€slateðð€rule,€the€prosecution€is€free€ð ðto€introduce€proof€of€any€aggravatingÐ ` Ðcircumstance€which€is€otherwise€legally€valid.ðð€€òòId.óó€€We€explained€that€a€death€sentence€is€not€aÐ öF Ðseries€of€ð ðmini„trialsðð€on€each€aggravating€circumstance€and€that€there€is€no€such€thing€as€anÐ Ü, Ðð ðacquittalðð€of€an€individual€aggravating€circumstance.€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòPoland€v.€Arizonaóó,€476€U.S.€147,Ð Â Ð106€S.€Ct.€1749,€90€L.€Ed.€2d€123€(1986)).€€€Finally,€we€observed€that€there€was€no€other€legalÐ ¨ø Ðimpediment€precluding€the€prosecution€from€relying€on€any€aggravating€circumstance€andÐ ŽÞ Ðstrengthening€its€case€in€any€way€it€can€ð ðby€the€introduction€of€new€evidence.ðð€€òòId.óóat€331.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€reliance€on€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔPhippsÔ_Ôóó,€959€S.W.2d€538€(Tenn.€1997),€is€misplaced.€Ð @ ÐIn€òòÔ_ÔPhippsÔ_Ôóó,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€first„degree€murder€and€sentenced€to€life€imprisonmentÐ &v Ðfollowing€a€trial€at€which€the€State€did€òònotóó€seek€the€death€penalty.€€After€the€defendant€successfullyÐ  \ Ðappealed€his€conviction€and€obtained€a€new€trial,€the€prosecution€filed€notice€of€its€intent€to€seek€theÐ òB Ðdeath€penalty.€€We€held€that€since€the€prosecution€had€not€sought€the€death€penalty€at€the€originalÐ Ø( Ðtrial,€its€decision€to€do€so€after€the€defendantððs€successful€appeal€created€a€presumption€ofÐ ¾ Ðvindictiveness.€€959€S.W.2d€at€546.€€Moreover,€we€held€that€the€prosecution€would€have€to€rebut€theÐ ¤ô Ðpresumption€of€vindictiveness€with€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€its€decision€was€motivatedÐ Š Ú Ðby€a€legitimate€purpose.€€òòId.óóat€547.€€€€Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àIn€contrast,€the€prosecution€in€the€present€case€filed€notice€of€its€intent€to€seek€the€deathÐ <#Œ" Ðpenalty€at€the€defendantððs€initial€trial,€and€the€jury€did€in€fact€impose€a€death€sentence.€€After€the€caseÐ "$r# Ðwas€remanded€for€re„sentencing,€the€prosecution€again€sought€the€death€penalty,€which€it€wasÐ %X $ Ðentitled€to€do.€€Although€the€prosecution€did€not€rely€on€the€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)€aggravating€circumstance€at€theÐ î%>!% Ðinitial€sentencing€proceeding,€our€decision€in€òòHarrisóó€makes€it€clear€that€the€ð ðclean€slateðð€rule€appliedÐ Ô&$"& Ðto€re„sentencing.€€Thus,€the€prosecution€was€not€barred€from€relying€upon€the€aggravatingÐ º' #' Ðcircumstance€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(6)(1982)€in€re„sentencing.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà  àÌà@  ìàò òòòSufficiency€of€Evidenceó óˆÐ R+¢&+ ÐÐ 8,ˆ', Ðà  àóóAs€discussed€above,€when€considering€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supporting€anÐ ° Ðaggravating€circumstance,€we€must€review€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State€andÐ –æ ÐÔ_Ôdetermine€whether€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€existence€of€the€aggravatingÐ |Ì Ðcircumstance€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Ð b² ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€planned€the€robbery€of€the€victim€with€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€who€wasÐ . ~ Ðan€acquaintance€of€the€victim.€€The€defendant€said€that€the€victim€would€have€to€be€killed€becauseÐ  d Ðhe€knew€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€and€could€report€that€she€was€involved€in€the€offense.€€In€committing€theÐ ú J Ðmurder,€the€defendant€and€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€robbed€the€victim€of€over€$700€and€various€personalÐ à 0 Ðproperty.€€In€short,€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€conclude€that€the€defendant€killed€the€victim€to€avoid,Ð Æ   Ðinterfere€with,€or€prevent€a€lawful€arrest€or€prosecution€of€himself€and€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô.€€Accordingly,Ð ¬ ü  Ðwe€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€application€of€this€aggravatingÐ ’â  Ðcircumstance.Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòóóà@WW#ìàò òòòProportionalityóóˆÐ D”  Ðó óÌà  àWhere€a€defendant€has€been€sentenced€to€death,€we€must€undertake€a€comparativeÐ ` Ðproportionality€review€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„206(c)(1)€(1997).€€The€analysis€isÐ öF Ðdesigned€to€identify€aberrant,€arbitrary,€or€capricious€sentencing€by€determining€whether€the€deathÐ Ü, Ðpenalty€in€a€given€case€is€ð ðdisproportionate€to€the€punishment€imposed€on€others€convicted€of€theÐ Â Ðsame€crime.ðð€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€662€(Tenn.€1997)€(quoting€òòPulley€v.€Harrisóó,€465€U.S.Ð ¨ø Ð37,€42„43,€104€S.€Ct.€871,€875,€79€L.€Ed.€2d€29€(1984)).€€If€a€case€is€ð ðplainly€lacking€inÐ ŽÞ Ðcircumstances€consistent€with€those€in€cases€where€the€death€penalty€has€been€imposed,ðð€then€theÐ tÄ Ðsentence€is€disproportionate.€€òòId.óó€at€668;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€979€S.W.2d€276,€283€(Tenn.€1998).Ð Zª ÐÌà  àThis€Court€has€consistently€employed€the€precedent„seeking€method€of€comparativeÐ &v Ðproportionality€review,€which€compares€a€case€with€cases€involving€similar€defendants€and€similarÐ  \ Ðcrimes.€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€667.€€We€consider€numerous€factors€regarding€the€offense:€Ð òB Ð(1)€the€means€of€death;€(2)€the€manner€of€death;€(3)€the€motivation€for€the€killing;€(4)€the€place€ofÐ Ø( Ðdeath;€(5)€the€victimððs€age,€physical€condition,€and€psychological€condition;€(6)€the€absence€orÐ ¾ Ðpresence€of€premeditation;€(7)€the€absence€or€presence€of€provocation;€(8)€the€absence€or€presenceÐ ¤ô Ðof€justification;€and€(9)€the€injury€to€and€effect€on€non„decedent€victims.€€òòId.óó€€We€also€considerÐ Š Ú Ðmultiple€factors€about€the€defendant:€€(1)€prior€criminal€record;€(2)€age,€race,€€and€gender;€(3)€mental,Ð p!À  Ðemotional,€and€physical€condition;€(4)€role€in€the€murder;€(5)€cooperation€with€authorities;€(6)€levelÐ V"¦! Ðof€remorse;€(7)€knowledge€of€the€victimððs€helplessness;€and€(8)€potential€for€rehabilitation.€€òòId.óó€Ð <#Œ" ÐSince€no€two€defendants€and€no€two€crimes€are€precisely€alike,€our€review€is€not€mechanical€or€basedÐ "$r# Ðon€a€rigid€formula.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€668.Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àIn€reviewing€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€offense,€the€evidence€shows€that€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðdefendant€actively€planned€the€robbery€of€the€victim,€who€was€an€acquaintance€of€the€defendantððsÐ º' #' Ðgirlfriend,€Donna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô.€€The€defendant€said€that€the€victim€would€have€to€be€killed€because€heÐ  (ð#( Ðwould€recognize€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€and€report€the€offense.€€The€defendant€discussed€stabbing€or€choking€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðvictim.€€On€the€day€of€the€murder,€Bane,€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô,€and€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€two€teenage€sons€drove€past€theÐ l*¼%* Ðvictimððs€home€several€times,€waiting€for€the€victim€to€arrive€home.€€When€the€victim€arrived€home,Ð R+¢&+ ÐDonna€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ô€approached€his€house€while€Bane€left€the€scene€with€Ô_ÔLovettÔ_Ôððs€sons.€€When€Bane€laterÐ 8,ˆ', ÐÔ_Ôreturned,€he€waited€for€a€prearranged€signal€from€Donna€Lovett€before€entering€the€victimððs€home.€Ð ° Ðà  àÌà  àBane€repeatedly€beat€the€60„year„old€victim€as€the€victim€tried€to€resist.€€The€victim€sufferedÐ |Ì Ðbruises€and€injuries€to€his€head,€eyes,€hip,€and€arm.€€Bane€and€Lovett€eventually€gagged€the€victimÐ b² Ðwith€a€cloth,€placed€a€plastic€bag€over€his€head,€tied€the€bag€around€his€neck€with€an€electrical€cord,Ð H˜ Ðand€strangled€him.€€The€victim€was€placed€in€a€bathtub€of€water€and€a€plunger€was€used€to€hold€hisÐ . ~ Ðhead€under€the€water.€€There€was€evidence€of€fluid€in€the€victimððs€lungs€consistent€with€a€findingÐ  d Ðthat€the€victim€had€been€alive€when€placed€in€the€water.€€The€cause€of€the€victimððs€death€was€ligatureÐ ú J Ðstrangulation€with€asphyxia.Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àBane€presented€witnesses€in€mitigation€who€testified€that€he€formerly€worked€on€a€farm€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðwas€a€good€worker.€€The€defendant€has€two€sons€by€a€former€marriage.€He€also€has€a€wife€who€heÐ ’â  Ðmarried€while€incarcerated€for€the€conviction€in€this€case.€€Although€Baneððs€precise€age€is€not€in€theÐ xÈ  Ðrecord,€one€witness€said€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðin€his€twentiesðð€or€much€younger€than€the€60„year„Ð ^®  Ðold€victim.€€There€was€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€had€any€medical,€emotional,€or€mentalÐ D”  Ðproblems.€€Bane€played€a€major€role€in€the€offense€and€did€not€cooperate€with€authorities€or€expressÐ *z  Ðremorse€for€the€victim.€€The€main€theory€of€the€defense€in€mitigation€was€impeaching€the€testimonyÐ ` Ðof€Brian€Lovett€and€attempting€to€raise€doubts€about€the€defendantððs€involvement€in€the€offense.€Ð öF ÐÌà  àAs€the€State€asserts€on€appeal,€this€Court€has€upheld€the€death€penalty€in€many€cases€bearingÐ Â Ðsimilarities€to€this€one.€€In€the€following€cases,€for€example,€the€victims€were€killed€in€the€course€ofÐ ¨ø Ða€robbery.€€òòState€v.€Chalmersóó,€28€S.W.3d€913,€919€(Tenn.€2000);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€993€S.W.2d€6,€18Ð ŽÞ Ð(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€979€S.W.2d€276,€283€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Howellóó,€868€S.W.2d€238,Ð tÄ Ð262€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Batesóó,€804€S.W.2d€868,€883€(Tenn.€1991);€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€797€S.W.2dÐ Zª Ð589,€595€(Tenn.€1990);€òòState€v.€Kingóó,€718€S.W.2d€241,€245€(Tenn.€1986).€€In€several€cases,€theÐ @ Ðvictim€was€known€to€the€defendant€or€an€accomplice.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Bushóó,€942€S.W.2d€489,€507Ð &v Ð(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€McNishóó,€727€S.W.2d€490,€491€(Tenn.€1987).Ð  \ ÐÌà  àSeveral€cases€involve€facts€and€circumstances€of€a€killing€similar€to€the€present€case.€€In€theÐ Ø( Ðfollowing€cases,€the€victim€was€beaten€by€the€defendant.€€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3d€593,€606€(Tenn.Ð ¾ Ð1999);€òòState€v.€Mannóó,€959€S.W.2d€503,€516€(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Bushóó,€942€S.W.2d€at€507;€òòStateÐ ¤ô Ðv.€Barberóó,€753€S.W.2d€659,€668€(Tenn.€1988);€òòState€v.€McNishóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€491.€€In€numerousÐ Š Ú Ðcases,€the€victim€has€been€beaten€and€strangled.€òòóó€òòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€527€(Tenn.Ð p!À  Ð2000);€òòState€v.€Keenóó,€31€S.W.3d€196,€208€(Tenn.€2000);€òòState€v.€Vannóó,€976€S.W.2d€93,€99€(Tenn.Ð V"¦! Ð1999);€òòState€v.€Cauthernóó,€967€S.W.2d€726,€732€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Mannóó,€959€S.W.2d€at€507;Ð <#Œ" ÐòòState€v.€Hodgesóó,€944€S.W.2d€346,€350€(Tenn.€1997).Ð "$r# ÐÌà  àThe€Court€has€upheld€similar€death€sentences€in€which€one€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÐ î%>!% Ðwas€that€the€killing€was€heinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel€in€that€it€involved€torture€or€depravity€of€mind,Ð Ô&$"& Ðòòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(i)(5)(1982),€or€the€killing€was€heinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel€in€thatÐ º' #' Ðit€involved€torture€or€serious€physical€abuse€beyond€that€necessary€to€produce€death,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ  (ð#( ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(5)(2000).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€at€531;€òòState€v.€Keenóó,€31€S.W.3dÐ †)Ö$) Ðat€211;€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3d€at€606;€òòState€v.€Vannóó,€976€S.W.2d€at€98;€€òòState€v.€Cauthernóó,€967Ð l*¼%* ÐS.W.2d€at€729;€òòState€v.€Mannóó,€959€S.W.2d€at€507;€òòState€v.€Bushóó,€942€S.W.2d€at€507;€òòState€v.€Barberóó,Ð R+¢&+ Ð753€S.W.2d€at€668;€òòState€v.€McNishóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€491.€€The€Court€has€likewise€upheld€similarÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdeath€sentences€where€the€killing€was€committed€to€avoid€arrest€or€prosecution.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bushóó,Ð ° Ð942€S.W.2d€at€504;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€857€S.W.2d€1,€14€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Thompsonóó,€768€S.W.2dÐ –æ Ð239,€252€(Tenn.€1989);€òòState€v.€Carteróó,€714€S.W.2d€241,€250€(Tenn.€1986).€€Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àFinally,€in€considering€characteristics€regarding€this€defendant,€it€appears€that€we€haveÐ H˜ Ðupheld€the€death€sentence€in€several€cases€where€the€defendant€has€presented€similar€mitigatingÐ . ~ Ðevidence,€such€as€an€employment€record,€a€marriage,€or€children.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€979€S.W.2dÐ  d Ðat€283;€òòState€v.€Cauthernóó,€967€S.W.2d€at€740„41;€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€958€S.W.2d€679,€700€(Tenn.€1997);€Ð ú J ÐòòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€670;€òòState€v.€Van€Tranóó,€864€S.W.2d€465,€482€(Tenn.€1993).€€Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àIn€sum,€our€review€requires€a€determination€of€whether€a€case€plainly€lacks€circumstancesÐ ¬ ü  Ðfound€in€similar€cases€where€the€death€penalty€has€been€imposed.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€979€S.W.2dÐ ’â  Ðat€285.€€The€defendant€has€cited€no€specific€case€as€authority€for€his€argument€that€the€death€penaltyÐ xÈ  Ðis€arbitrary€or€disproportionate€as€applied€in€this€case.€€Likewise,€although€the€dissent€asserts€thatÐ ^®  Ðthe€comparative€proportionality€analysis€is€flawed,€it€fails€to€assert€or€establish€that€the€sentence€ofÐ D”  Ðdeath€is€either€arbitrary€or€disproportionate€as€applied€in€this€case€to€this€defendant.€€Moreover,€aÐ *z  Ðmajority€of€the€Court€has€already€addressed€and€rejected€the€views€of€the€dissent€and€has€consistentlyÐ ` Ðadhered€to€the€proportionality€analysis€carefully€detailed€in€òòBlandóó.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Keenóó,€31€S.W.3dÐ öF Ðat€223„24.€€Finally,€as€we€have€discussed,€the€similarity€of€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€this€caseÐ Ü, Ðto€numerous€cases€in€which€the€death€penalty€has€been€upheld€reveals€that€the€death€sentence€is€notÐ Â Ðarbitrary€or€disproportionate€as€applied€in€this€case.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÌà@FF%ìàòòò òCONCLUSIONóóˆÐ Zª ÐÌà  àó óIn€accordanceò ò€ó ówith€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„205(c)€(1982)€and€the€principles€adopted€in€priorÐ &v Ðdecisions,€we€have€considered€the€entire€record€and€conclude€that€the€evidence€supports€the€juryððsÐ  \ Ðfinding€of€the€statutory€aggravatingò ò€ó ócircumstances;€that€the€evidence€supports€the€juryððs€finding€thatÐ òB Ðthe€aggravating€circumstances€outweigh€the€mitigating€circumstances;€and€that€the€sentence€is€notÐ Ø( Ðarbitrary,€excessive,€or€disproportionate.€€€€Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àWe€have€reviewed€all€of€the€issues€raised€by€the€defendant€and€conclude€that€they€do€notÐ Š Ú Ðwarrant€relief.€€With€respect€to€issues€not€addressed€in€this€opinion,€we€affirm€the€decision€of€theÐ p!À  ÐCourt€of€Criminal€Appeals€authored€by€Judge€David€H.€Welles€and€joined€by€Judge€Jerry€L.€SmithÐ V"¦! Ðand€Judge€James€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.€€The€relevant€portions€of€that€opinion€are€attached€as€anÐ <#Œ" Ðappendix€to€this€opinion.€€The€defendantððs€sentence€of€death€is€affirmed€and€shall€be€carried€out€onÐ "$r# Ðthe€6th€day€of€November,€2001,€unless€otherwise€ordered€by€this€Court€or€other€proper€authority.€Ð %X $ ÐIt€appearing€that€the€defendant€is€indigent,€costs€of€the€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€State.Ð î%>!% Ðà  àÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________Ð  (ð#( Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àRILEY€ANDERSON,€CHIEF€JUSTICE€Ð †)Ö$) Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à