ÿWPC3- …# VU:a %› 0ˆ¡L) wšu 4 # 02 0D9 } 0J… 0TÏ 0^# 0hé 0rñ 0|c 0†ß 0e 1uõ 0dj BÎU *ëB)DC> AMxÎ F D3QE„4 É 0@ý#v~=$vÓ»% AOŽ+ÆÝ+ 0D£, D/ç, B-˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÒ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(`o$¡¡ÑTRY 3Ø'ÿ LetterY 3Ø'ÿ Letter3Ø'ÿ Letter3Ø'ÿ LetterTÑÔ  ÔC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT“ ” E• – Õ© ^eª « ¬ E­ ® E¯ P° Å eÆ Ç  È EÉ Ê EË Ì Í EÎ Ï Ð Ñ Ó€Úƒç"¤Ôô3|xÜ (·(2¤ï$¤¤Ý ƒo!ÝÑTRXø3Ø'ÿ Letter3Ø'3Ø'4Avery 5389 Index/Post Cardÿ3Ø'TÑÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ô0ƒôXXÔÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ nÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌò òDecember€15,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€$ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÔ€$ôÔÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWhile€the€continuing€validity€of€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó€under€the€1989€Criminal€Code€has€beenÏquestioned,€òòseeóó€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Johnny€L.€Smithóó,€CCA€No.€02C01„9602„CR„00061€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Jackson,€May€15,€1997),€the€due€process€principles€of€òòAnthonyóó€and€the€test€designed€toÏimplement€them€are€equally€applicable€to€kidnapping€convictions€under€the€law€in€effect€bothÏbefore€and€after€the€effective€date€of€the€1989€Criminal€Code€Revision.Ì 'ÿÿdxd ;Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÔ€$ôÔÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€distance€was€estimated€in€court€by€the€prosecutor€walking€away€from€a€witnessÏtoward€the€rear€of€the€courtroom.€€While€argument€of€counsel€is€not€evidence,€the€prosecutorÏnoted€during€argument€that€this€distance€appeared€to€be€approximately€thirty€to€forty€feet.Ì * Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÔ€$ôÔÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€òòSeeóó€òòCoram€v.€Commonwealthóó,€352€S.E.2d€532€(Va.€Ct.€App.€1987)€(moving€victim€20Ïfeet€into€bushes€to€facilitate€rape€attempt€constituted€kidnapping€because€the€movementÏincreased€the€possibility€of€harm€to€victim€by€lessening€the€chance€that€the€crime€would€beÏdetected);€òòLee€v.€Stateóó,€932€S.W.2d€756€(Ark.€1996)€(affirming€kidnapping€where€man€grabbedÏwoman€from€lighted€sidewalk€and€dragged€her€approximately€1€block€to€back€of€building€whereÏthere€was€no€light€to€rape€her);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€575€A.2d€216€(Conn.€1990)€(grabbing€jogger€fromÏcenter€of€road€and€dragging€her€completely€off€road€provided€sufficient€movement€forÏkidnapping);€òòDavis€v.€Stateóó,€348€S.E.2d€730,€732€(Ga.€Ct.€App.€1986)€(affirming€kidnapping€whereÏvictim€forcibly€carried€to€area€behind€her€house€prior€to€rape);€òòState€v.€Davidsonóó,€335€S.E.2d€518Ï(N.C.€Ct.€App.€1985)€(moving€victims€35€feet€at€gun€point€prior€to€binding€them€constitutedÏkidnapping€and€robbery€because€movement€was€unnecessary€to€completion€of€robbery);€òòHarris€v.ÏStateóó,€774€S.W.2d€121€(Ark.€1989)€(affirming€kidnapping€conviction€where€defendant€twiceÏchased€and€dragged€victim€back€into€building);€òòState€v.€Richmondóó,€827€P.2d€743€(Kan.€1992)Ï(holding€dragging€victim€from€front€of€house€and€to€bedroom€lessened€risk€of€detection€andÏbinding€her€during€second€rape€supported€separate€kidnapping€conviction);€òòState€v.€Richóó,€305ÏN.W.2d€739€(Iowa€1981)€(dragging€victim€into€vacant€restroom€lessened€rick€of€detection€andÏbinding€her€wrists€not€normally€incident€to€rape);€òòState€v.€Lykkenóó,€484€N.W.2d€869€(S.D.€1992)Ï(holding€confinement€of€four€hours€not€necessary€to€complete€individual€acts€of€rape€which€lastedÏfifteen€to€twenty€minutes€supported€consecutive€sentences€for€kidnapping€and€rape€convictions);ÏòòState€v.€Gordonóó,€778€P.2d€1204€(Ariz.€1989)€(holding€confinement€in€victims€apartment,€beating,Ïand€rape€supported€consecutive€sentences€for€kidnapping€and€rape);€òòState€v.€Warneróó,€626€A.2dÏ205€(R.I.€1993)€(finding€four€or€five€hour€detention€on€boat€sufficient€to€support€separateÏkidnapping€conviction);€òòFaison€v.€Stateóó,€399€So.€2d€19€(Fla.€3d€DCA€1981)€(moving€victim€frontÏroom€to€back€of€building€to€lessen€risk€of€detection€supported€separate€rape€conviction).Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€¿‚XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òœÙ€€ÙßR€'(&A1-j| ` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFOR€PUBLICATIONÌÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òFiled:ó ó€òò€€€€€December€15,€1997à€ àóóÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à@ à)Ìà@ à)Ìà àAppellant,à@ à)à àHAMILTON€CRIMINALÌà@ à)Ìv.à@ à)à àHon.€Douglas€A.€MeyerÌà@ à)ÌRICKY€MICHAEL€DIXON,à@ à)à àNo.€03S01„9704„CR„00043Ìà@ à)Ìà àAppellee.à@ à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFOR€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌJohn€Knox€Walkupà àà àà àà àJerry€S.€SloanÌAttorney€General€&€Reporterà àà àChattanoogaÌÌMichael€E.€MooreÌSolicitor€GeneralÌÌElizabeth€T.€RyanÌAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òÔ€$èÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÔ€$XÔÌÌÌÌÌÌAPPELLATE€COURT€REVERSEDà€ àHOLDER,€J.ÇÓÓà àà@ àò òòòOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Ricky€Michael€Dixon,€was€convicted€of€aggravatedÏkidnapping,€aggravated€assault,€and€attempted€sexual€battery.€€He€wasÏsentenced€to€twenty€years€for€aggravated€kidnapping,€fifteen€years€forÏaggravated€assault,€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€attemptedÏsexual€battery.€€The€sentences€were€ordered€to€run€concurrently.€€The€appellateÏcourt€reversed€the€aggravated€assault€and€attempted€sexual€battery€convictionsÏpursuant€to€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€We€reverse€theÏappellate€court€and€affirm€the€convictions.ÌÌÓ  ÓÔ  Ôòòò òBACKGROUNDóóó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àOn€September€6,€1992,€the€victim€was€walking€home€along€a€lightedÏstreet€when€the€defendant€approached€her€from€behind€and€grabbed€œher.× ƒ) ××  ×€€She›Ïtestified€that€the€defendant€"pinned€[her]€down€with€one€of€his€arms€and€coveredÏ[her]€mouth€with€the€other."€€He€lifted€her€and€"slammed€[her]€to€the€ground."€€HeÏpositioned€his€hands€around€her€neck€and€began€choking€her.€€He€thenÍdragged€her€approximately€thirty€to€forty€feet€from€the€illuminated€sidewalk€intoÏor€behind€foliage€growing€on€the€back€of€an€adjacent€vacant€lot.× ƒ+ ××  ×ÌÌà àAfter€the€defendant€dragged€the€victim€into€the€bushes€on€the€vacant€lot,Ïhe€forced€her€to€pull€down€her€jeans.€€He€then€removed€her€underwear.€€TheÏdefendant€was€unable€to€engage€in€sexual€intercourse€as€the€victim€resumedÏefforts€to€ward€off€the€assault.€€He,€however,€grabbed€her€by€the€hair€and€forcedÏher€to€perform€fellatio€on€him.ÌÌà àThe€victim€attempted€to€flee€to€a€nearby€house€to€summon€help.€€TheÏdefendant€pulled€her€back€and€began€beating€her€causing€a€facial€fracture.€€HeÏthen€removed€her€remaining€garments.€€He€positioned€himself€on€top€of€her€andÏbegan€choking€her€again€until€she€ceased€fighting.€€The€victim€testified€that€theÏdefendant€digitally€penetrated€her.€€She€then€thrust€her€fingers€into€theÏdefendant's€eyes€and€"ran€screaming"€and€unclothed€to€a€nearby€house.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified.€€His€version€of€the€events€in€question€conflictedÏwith€that€of€the€victim.€€He€asserted€that€the€victim€informed€him€he€could€spendÏthe€evening€at€her€home.€€As€they€were€walking€toward€her€house,€the€victimÍand€the€defendant€stopped€at€a€vacant€lot€located€approximately€four€housesÏfrom€the€victim's€home.€€They€walked€into€the€lot€and€sat€down.€€He€alleged€thatÏthe€victim€began€to€perform€consensual€oral€sex€on€him.€€They€then€exchangedÏwords€and€a€physical€confrontation€ensued.ÌÌà àA€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€aggravated€kidnapping,€aggravatedÏassault,€and€attempted€sexual€battery.€€The€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€found€thatÏkidnapping€was€essentially€incidental€to€both€aggravated€assault€and€attemptedÏsexual€battery€pursuant€to€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€TheÏappellate€court€reversed€the€aggravated€assault€and€attempted€sexual€batteryÏconvictions.ÌÌÓ  ÓÔ  Ôòòò òANALYSISóóó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThis€court€has€recognized€that€separate€kidnapping€convictions€mayÏviolate€due€process€when€kidnapping€is€essentially€incidental€to€other€offensesÏfor€which€a€defendant€has€been€œconvicted.€€In›€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299Ï(Tenn.€1991),€this€Court€heard€consolidated€appeals€and€delineated€theÏstandard€for€determining€whether€kidnapping€was€essentially€incidental€to€anÏunderlying€offense.€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€the€defendants€were€convicted€of€robbing€aÏShoney's€Restaurant.€€The€restaurant€had€just€closed.€€Behind€theÍestablishment€there€were€three€employees€emptying€garbage€into€a€dumpster.€ÏThe€defendants€approached€the€three€outside€employees€and€forced€them€atÏgun„point€to€lie€on€the€ground.€€One€defendant€remained€with€the€three€outsideÏemployees€while€the€other€defendant€entered€the€restaurant.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€entering€the€restaurant€initially€encountered€twoÏadditional€employees€inside€the€restaurant.€€The€defendant€ordered,€at€gunÏpoint,€the€two€employees€to€an€office€in€the€back€of€the€restaurant.€€When€theyÏarrived€at€the€office,€the€defendant€demanded€that€the€safe€be€opened.€€TheÏdefendant€was€then€informed€that€the€safe€was€in€the€front€of€the€restaurant€byÏthe€cash€register.€€The€defendant€then€instructed€one€of€the€employees€to€lie€onÏthe€floor€of€the€office€as€he€and€the€other€employee€went€to€the€front€of€theÏrestaurant.€€After€taking€money€from€the€safe,€the€defendant€encountered€a€thirdÏemployee€exiting€a€restroom.€€The€defendant€pointed€his€gun€at€the€employeeÏand€instructed€him€to€"get€back€in€the€men's€room€and€stay€there."€€TheÏdefendants€then€fled€the€scene.€€The€entire€episode€lasted€approximately€fiveÏminutes.ÌÌà àòòState€v.€Martinóó,€the€case€consolidated€with€òòAnthonyóó,€also€involved€aÏkidnapping€conviction€in€conjunction€with€an€underlying€robbery€conviction.€€InÏòòMartinóó,€the€defendant€entered€an€insurance€agency.€€He€then€robbed,€at€gunÍpoint,€two€people€inside€the€agency.€€After€receiving€approximately€$200,€heÏordered€both€victims€into€a€bathroom€where€they€remained€until€the€defendantÏexited€the€building.€€The€entire€episode€lasted€approximately€four€minutes.ÌÌà àThe€defendants€in€both€òòAnthonyóó€and€òòMartinóó€were€convicted€ofÏaggravated€kidnapping€and€armed€robbery.€€The€issue€with€which€we€wereÏconfronted€in€òòAnthonyóó€was€whether€movements€or€confinements€merelyÏincidental€to€robbery€should€sustain€separate€kidnapping€convictions.€€We€heldÏthat€a€kidnapping€conviction€violated€due€process€when€predicated€onÏmovement€or€confinement€that€was€merely€incidental€to€an€accompanyingÏfelony€and€not€"significant€enough,€in€and€of€itself,€to€warrant€independentÏprosecution."€€òòIdóó.€at€306.€€We€reversed€the€kidnapping€convictions€holding€thatÏthe€kidnappings€were€essentially€incidental€to€the€robberies€based€on€theÏfollowing€findings:€€(1)€€the€removal€or€confinement€did€not€substantiallyÏincrease€the€risk€of€harm€to€the€victims;€(2)€€the€victims'€movement€was€slight;€(3)€Ïthe€confinement€was€brief;€and€(4)€€the€victims€"were€not€harmed€in€any€way."€ÏòòIdóó.€at€307.ÌÌà àApproximately€one€year€later,€this€Court€applied€òòAnthonyóó€to€a€case€inÏwhich€the€defendant€had€been€convicted€of€aggravated€rape,€aggravatedÏrobbery,€and€aggravated€kidnapping.€€In€òòState€v.€Colemenóó,€865€S.W.2d€455Í(Tenn.€1993),€the€defendant€robbed€a€store.€€He€forced€the€victim€at€gun€point€toÏempty€the€cash€register's€contents€into€a€bag.€€He€then€ordered€the€victim€to€theÏback€of€the€store€and€into€a€"side€room"€where€he€raped€her€at€gun€point.€€ThisÏCourt€reversed€the€kidnapping€conviction€finding€that€the€abduction€wasÏessentially€incidental€to€the€robbery.ÌÌà àòòAnthonyóó€and€its€progeny,€however,€are€not€meant€to€provide€the€rapist€aÏfree€kidnapping€merely€because€he€also€committed€rape.× ƒ, ××  ×€€The€òòAnthonyóóÏdecision€should€only€prevent€the€injustice€which€would€occur€if€a€defendantÍcould€be€convicted€of€kidnapping€where€the€only€restraint€utilized€was€thatÏnecessary€to€complete€the€act€of€rape€or€robbery.€€Accordingly,€any€restraint€inÏaddition€to€that€which€is€necessary€to€consummate€rape€or€robbery€may€supportÏa€separate€conviction€for€kidnapping.ÌÌà àIn€the€case€now€before€this€Court,€Dixon€was€charged€with€kidnapping€forÏseizing€or€confining€the€victim€to€"facilitate€the€commission€of€any€felony€or€flightÏthereafter,€or€to€terrorize€the€victim€or€another,€or€where€the€victim€sufferedÏserious€bodily€injury€.€.€.€."€€Our€current€aggravated€kidnapping€statute€does€notÏrequire€a€particular€distance€of€removal€or€any€particular€duration€or€place€ofÏconfinement.€€One€commits€aggravated€kidnapping€who€knowingly€removes€orÏconfines€another€"so€as€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€other's€liberty":€€(1)€toÏfacilitate€the€commission€of€any€felony€or€flight€thereafter;€(2)€with€intent€to€inflictÏserious€bodily€injury€on€or€to€terrorize€the€victim€or€another;€or€(3)€where€theÏvictim€suffers€serious€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„305.€€Accordingly,Ïit€is€the€purpose€of€the€removal€or€confinement€and€not€the€distance€or€durationÏthat€supplies€a€necessary€element€of€aggravated€kidnapping.ÌÌà àDixon€grabbed€the€victim€from€behind€and€slammed€her€onto€the€ground.€ÏHe€then€dragged€her€from€a€sidewalk€along€a€lighted€street€across€a€vacant,Ïempty€and€unlit€lot€to€a€location€concealed€from€the€road€by€foliage.€€He€thenÍbeat€and€forcefully€undressed€the€victim.€€The€victim€testified€that€Dixon€forcedÏher€to€perform€fellatio€on€him€and€that€he€digitally€penetrated€her€before€sheÏwas€able€to€break€free.€€She€then€ran€unclothed€to€a€nearby€house€to€summonÏhelp.ÌÌà àInitially,€we€note€that€the€kidnapping€was€not€incidental€to€the€aggravatedÏassault.€€The€brutal€beatings€were€not€necessary€for€the€commission€of€eitherÏthe€kidnapping€or€the€attempted€sexual€battery.€€Likewise,€the€movement€to€theÏback€of€the€vacant€lot€was€not€necessary€for€commission€of€the€aggravatedÏassault.€€Accordingly,€the€aggravated€assault€was€an€act€independent€of€bothÏthe€kidnapping€and€the€attempted€sexual€battery€and€should€not€have€beenÏreversed.ÌÌà àWe€must€now€decide€whether€the€movement€or€confinement€was€beyondÏthat€necessary€to€consummate€the€act€of€attempted€sexual€battery.€€òòAnthonyóó,Ï817€S.W.2d€at€306.€€If€so,€the€next€inquiry€is€whether€the€additional€movement€orÏconfinement:€€(1)€prevented€the€victim€from€summoning€help;€(2)€lessened€theÏdefendant's€risk€of€detection;€or€(3)€created€a€significant€danger€or€increased€theÏvictim's€risk€of€harm.€€òòIdóó.ÌÌà àWe€find€that€the€defendant's€act€of€dragging€the€victim€approximatelyÏthirty€to€forty€feet€after€the€initial€assault€was€beyond€that€necessary€to€completeÏthe€attempted€sexual€battery.€€Had€Dixon€confined€and€attempted€to€sexuallyÏpenetrate€the€victim€where€he€initially€physically€assaulted€her,€the€confinementÏwould€have€been€merely€incidental€to€the€attempted€sexual€battery.€€Dixon'sÏmovement€of€the€victim€to€the€back€of€a€dark€lot,€however,€exceeded€thatÏrestraint€necessary€to€consummate€the€act€of€attempted€sexual€battery.€ÏAccordingly,€we€now€focus€on€the€second€inquiry.ÌÌà àThe€evidence€introduced€at€trial€indicates€that€Dixon€did€not€choose€theÏback€of€the€vacant€lot€behind€the€bushes€for€the€personal€comfort€of€himself€orÏthe€victim€during€the€attempted€sexual€battery.€€He€forcefully€dragged€the€victimÏto€the€secluded€location€to€avoid€detection.€€The€investigating€officer€testifiedÏthat€the€entire€incident€would€have€been€visible€from€the€street€had€Dixon€notÏremoved€the€victim€from€the€location€where€he€initially€assaulted€her.€€TheÏofficer€testified€that€Dixon's€movement€of€the€victim€to€the€back€of€the€dark€andÏvacant€lot,€however,€precluded€one€from€visually€witnessing€the€assault€from€theÏstreet.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€Dixon's€movement€of€the€victim€lessened€theÏrisk€of€detection€and€substantially€increased€the€risk€of€harm€to€the€victim.€€òòSeeóóÏòòCoram€v.€Commonwealthóó,€352€S.E.2d€532€(Va.€1987)€(moving€victim€20€feetÏinto€bushes€to€facilitate€rape€attempt€constituted€kidnapping€because€theÍmovement€increased€the€possibility€of€harm€to€victim€by€lessening€the€chanceÏthat€the€crime€would€be€detected).ÌÌà àThe€circumstances€of€the€present€case€are€distinguishable€from€bothÏòòAnthonyóó€and€òòColemanóó.€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€the€movement€or€confinement€did€notÏexceed€that€normally€incident€to€robbery.€€In€òòColemanóó,€while€there€wasÏmovement€which€exceeded€that€necessary€to€consummate€the€act€of€rape,€thereÏwas€no€finding€that€the€movement€decreased€the€probability€of€detection,Ïprevented€the€victim€from€summoning€help,€or€increased€the€risk€of€harm.€€In€theÏcase€now€before€us,€we€have€testimony€that€the€movement€lessened€the€risk€ofÏdetection.€€The€lessened€risk€of€detection€increased€the€risk€of€harm€to€theÏvictim.€€Moreover,€the€victim€sustained€serious€bodily€injuries.ÌÌÔ&  Ôà àThe€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€reversing€the€aggravated€assaultÏand€attempted€sexual€battery€convictions€is€reversed,€and€the€convictions€areÏreinstated.€€Cost€of€this€appeal€shall€be€taxed€to€the€defendant,€Ricky€MichaelÏDixon,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àòòà€ àóóÌà àà àà àà àà àJanice€M.€Holder,€JusticeÌÌÌò òConcurring:ó óÌAnderson,€C.J.ÌDrowota,€J.J.ÌÌÌò òDissenting:Ìó óReid€and€Birch,€J.J.Ô'  Ô