WPC" [.+4+Ok[C$N)p*)"wS@]9(,#Е{z)Zd$JPB7Jiո v'jb`NY!(t3F(`6{oL- fÌ{ H`TMkT2!- F⒗$>crwb. ̕q& ~ldy|ߋ!?/tEYr/˯.šQ1c؛![`yhr_"5 r0U^FXP>QҦ}. ~a,nC7UQEzNϳc"5!O}hN?܏w,# hUNs % 0PUFw@]4) 0  0DUFa. n UFCYaoUF)UF?UF)UF nPUFaUFe B AQ 0D 0D# 0Dg D/* B D3!U:TTnHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX((L$X  <4 9Z .Courier New Regular      +  e Ӏ Aq$%P dBRdd3|x  X  |XX @    XXXX  1    Duetotheageofthevictimandthenatureoftheoffense,we   identifythevictimbyinitialonly.(r2e$ L!X      XXXXX  0  (#$  0  <4 9Z .Courier New Regular WX  |XX @    XXXX  3    TennesseeCodeAnnotated4013202(1990)providesthatan   indictmentmust:8 ` statethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconciselanguage,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertaintywhichwillenablethecourt,onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment;.... d  |$X  XXXX  2    Wedonotimplythataggravatedrapewasastrictliability   offenseunderthe1979Act.Rather,theoffenseofaggravatedrapewasa generalintentcrime,forwhichaculpablementalstatewasnecessary,buteasilyinferablefromtheconductwhichcomprisestheoffense.SeeMorissettev.UnitedStates,342U.S.246,251  X 52,72S.Ct.240,244,96L.Ed.288,294(1952);Waldenv.State, . 178Tenn.71,77,156S.W.2d385,387(1941)( Inthecrimeofrapenointentisrequisiteotherthanthatevidencedbythedoingoftheactsconstitutingtheoffense.);Cherryv.State,539S.W.2d < 51,54(Tenn.Crim.App.1976).<4 9Z .Courier New Regular       WX  |XX @   XXXX  3    TennesseeCodeAnnotated4013202(1990)providesthatan   indictmentmust:8 ` statethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconciselanguage,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertaintywhichwillenablethecourt,onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment;....<4 9Z .Courier New Regular X  |XX @   XXXX  1    Duetotheageofthevictimandthenatureoftheoffense,we   identifythevictimbyinitialonly.<4 9Z .Courier New Regular.Courier New Regular X  |XX @   XXXX  1    Duetotheageofthevictimandthenatureoftheoffense,we   identifythevictimbyinitialonly.   <4 9Z .Courier New Regular d  |$X  XXXX  2    Wedonotimplythataggravatedrapewasastrictliability   offenseunderthe1979Act.Rather,theoffenseofaggravatedrapewasa generalintentcrime,forwhichaculpablementalstatewasnecessary,buteasilyinferablefromtheconductwhichcomprisestheoffense.SeeMorissettev.UnitedStates,342U.S.246,251  X 52,72S.Ct.240,244,96L.Ed.288,294(1952);Waldenv.State, . 178Tenn.71,77,156S.W.2d385,387(1941)( Inthecrimeofrapenointentisrequisiteotherthanthatevidencedbythedoingoftheactsconstitutingtheoffense.);Cherryv.State,539S.W.2d < 51,54(Tenn.Crim.App.1976).<4 9Z .Courier New Regular WX  |XX @   XXXX  3    TennesseeCodeAnnotated4013202(1990)providesthatan   indictmentmust:8 ` statethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconciselanguage,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertaintywhichwillenablethecourt,onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment;....<4 9Z .Courier New Regular d!"#$%C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  ''' dxd  ""  )XXXX)aX)X   Ad FILED)XX)a   September21,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr.)N X)XAppellateCourtClerk P Pd'dxd,cAZ"Arial Regular d  |$X   XXXX  2    Wedonotimplythataggravatedrapewasastrictliability   offenseunderthe1979Act.Rather,theoffenseofaggravatedrapewasa generalintentcrime,forwhichaculpablementalstatewasnecessary,buteasilyinferablefromtheconductwhichcomprisestheoffense.SeeMorissettev.UnitedStates,342U.S.246,251  X 52,72S.Ct.240,244,96L.Ed.288,294(1952);Waldenv.State, . 178Tenn.71,77,156S.W.2d385,387(1941)( Inthecrimeofrapenointentisrequisiteotherthanthatevidencedbythedoingoftheactsconstitutingtheoffense.);Cherryv.State,539S.W.2d < 51,54(Tenn.Crim.App.1976). L!X      XXXXX   TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T  7XXXdd7oN= XXdd=  OaoNќ      r &(<,(j 8` `@E  ` ttx$X r   @DINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@tt)DATNASHVILLEDENNISDYKES p )FORPUBLICATION <  `     h      p )   ` Appellant   h      p )FILED:SEPTEMBER21,1998 \   `     h      p ) `     h      p )LAKECOUNTYv. `     h      p ) j   `     h      p )HON.JOEG.RILEY,JR., `     h      p )  JUDGE    t &(>.*jxw` `@En` ttx$ V tߛ BILLYCOMPTON,Warden     p ) `  Ѐ   p )NO.02S019711CC00105 6 ЀAppellee   h    p )   ForAppellant:   h      p ForAppellee: r LLOYDR.TATUM h      p JOHNKNOXWALKUP ! Henderson,Tennessee     p AttorneyGeneralandReporter !h  `     h      p MICHAELE.MOORE `     h      p SolicitorGeneral `     h      p ELIZABETHT.RYAN `     h      p AssistantAttorneyGeneral `     h      p Nashville,Tennessee `     h      p C.PHILLIPBIVENS `     h      p DistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h      p Dyersburg,Tennessee@,DOPINION 1J'/  oN  oN     REVERSEDINPART;AFFIRMEDINPART     x BIRCH,J. 2:/9 oN  oN    `  Convictedin1989uponapleaofguiltytoaggravatedrapeandnowservingathirtyfiveyearsentence,theappellant,DennisDykes,claimsinapetitionfor  writ     ofhabeascorpusthat  X thefailureoftheindictmenttoallegeaculpablementalstaterenderstheindictmentinvalidandtheresultingconvictionvoid.Thetrialcourtdismissedthepetition,concludingthatchallengestoanindictmentarenotsubjecttohabeascorpusreliefand   furtherthatthejudgmentinquestionisnotvoidonitsface.TheCourtofCriminalAppealsagreedthathabeascorpusreliefisnot x  available;     nevertheless,it    consideredtheappellantsclaimandfoundtheindictmentvalid. `  Wegrantedtheappellantsapplicationforpermissiontoappealinordertodeterminewhetherachallengetoanindictmentmaybeaddressedthroughapetitionfor  writ     of  habeascorpusand, " ifso,whethertheappellantisentitledtothereliefsought.Afterfullandcarefulconsideration,weholdthatthevalidityofanindictmentandtheefficacyoftheresultingconvictionmaybeaddressedinapetitionfor  habeascorpuswhentheindictmentisso (H$ defectiveastodeprivethecourtofjurisdiction . Inthepresent * & case,however,weconcludethattheindictmentsufficientlyvestedthetrialcourtwithjurisdictionandtheresultingjudgmentofconvictionisvalid. `  Becausethisissueisaquestionoflaw,ourreviewisde 3x(0 novo.Statev.Hill,954S.W.2d725,727(Tenn.1997).First,we 40*2 mustdeterminewhetheradefectofthisnaturemaybechallengedina  habeascorpusproceeding.Therightto  habeascorpusreliefis  8-6 guaranteedinArticleI,15oftheTennesseeConstitution.Suchrelief,however,isavailable onlywhenitappearsuponthefaceofthejudgmentortherecordoftheproceedingsuponwhichthejudgmentisrenderedthataconvictingcourtwaswithoutjurisdictionorauthoritytosentenceadefendant,orthatadefendantssentenceofimprisonmentorotherrestrainthasexpired.Archerv.State,851S.W.2d157,164(Tenn.   1993)(quotingStatev.Galloway,45Tenn.(5Cold.)326,33637 @  (1868));seealsoStateexrel.Underwoodv.Brown,244S.W.2d168, `  171,193Tenn.113,122(Tenn.1951).Ifthefaceoftherecordshowsthatthecourtdidnothavejurisdiction,thenthejudgmentisvoid. `  Animportantdistinctionmustbemadebetweenvoidjudgmentsandvoidablejudgments.Avoidjudgmentisoneinwhichthejudgmentisfaciallyinvalidbecausethecourtdidnothavethestatutoryauthoritytorendersuchjudgment.Archer,851S.W.2dat L%  161.Avoidablejudgmentisonewhichisfaciallyvalidandrequiresproofbeyondthefaceoftherecordorjudgmenttodemonstrateitsvoidableness.Insuchcases,  habeascorpusrelief P*& isinappropriate.Id. ,|!(  `  Inthecaseundersubmission,theappellantcontendsthattheindictmentissodefectivethatitfailedtoclothethecourtwithjurisdictiontoenterajudgmentofconviction.Avalidindictmentisanessentialjurisdictionalelement,withoutwhichtherecanbenoprosecution.SeeHill,954S.W.2dat727;Statev. 6+4 Stokes,954S.W.2d729,730(Tenn.1997).Becausea  habeascorpus 70-6 proceedingwillallowustoexaminetherecordincludingtheindictmentitisanappropriatevehicletodeterminewhetherajudgmentisvoid. `  Havingdecidedtoaddressthemeritsoftheappellantsappeal,wemustnowdeterminewhethertheappellantisentitledtoreliefunderthecircumstancesofthiscase.Thedefectcomplainedofistheomissionfromtheindictmentofanyreferencetoaculpablementalstate.Becauseofthisomission,theappellantassertsthattheindictmentfailedtoprovidesufficientinformationtoenablehimtounderstandtheaccusationmadeagainsthim.However,thefailuretochargeaculpablementalstateisnotadefectsolongastheindictmentperformsitsessentialconstitutionalandstatutorypurposes.Hill,954S.W.2dat729. H   `  InHill,anaggravatedrapecaseprosecutedunderthe # CriminalSentencingReformActof1989,westated: 8 ` 8 ` (#` (#foroffenseswhichneitherexpresslyrequirenorplainlydispensewiththerequirementforaculpablementalstate,anindictmentwhichfailstoallegesuchmentalstatewillbesufficienttosupportprosecutionandconvictionforthatoffensesolongas   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(1)thelanguageoftheindictmentissufficienttomeettheconstitutionalrequirementsofnoticetotheaccusedofthechargeagainstwhichtheaccusedmustdefend,adequatebasisforentryofaproperjudgment,andprotectionfromdoublejeopardy;   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(2)theformoftheindictmentmeetstherequirementsofTenn.CodeAnn.4013202;and   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(3)thementalstatecanbelogicallyinferredfromtheconductalleged.Ӏ7$-6  Oa  Id.at72627.TheappellantarguesthatHillshouldnotapply 8  becausethiscasewasprosecutedundertheSexualOffensesLawof1979,ratherthanthe1989Act. `  Theindictmentagainsttheappellantprovides:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#[I]nthemonthofDECEMBER,1987inthesaidcountyandstateoneDENNISDYKESdidunlawfullyandfeloniouslysexuallypenetrateanothertowit:[B.H.]        #  1      ׀whilethesaid[B.H.] 6 wasthenandthereachildlessthanthirteen(13)yearsofageinviolationofTennesseeCodeAnnotatedSection392603andagainstthepeaceanddignityoftheStateofTennessee.%   Theaggravatedrapestatutecontainedinthe1979Actneitherrequirednorplainlydispensedwithaculpablementalstate.Yet,becauseTenn.CodeAnn.3911301hadnotyetbeenenacted,the1979Actcontainednorequirementofaspecificculpablementalstate.Aggravatedrapewassimplydefinedasthe unlawfulsexualpenetrationofanotheraccomplishedundercertainaggravatingcircumstances.  +< <  <  #  2      ׀ P*&   +p!( oN  oN  oN  oN  oN   oN    `  TheHillanalysisisasrelevanttocrimescommitted    underthe1979Actasitistothosecommittedunderthe1989Act.ApplyingHill,wefindthatthelanguageoftheaboveindictment,  X aswellasthespecificreferencetothestatuteallegedlyviolated,providedtheappellantwithamplenoticeoftheoffensecharged.Theindictmentalsoprovidedanadequatebasisforentryofjudgmentandprotectionfromreprosecutionforthesameoffense.Moreover,theindictmentisconcise,understandable,andinaccordancewithTenn.CodeAnn.4013202(1990).       #  3      ׀Thelast `  requirementsetforthinHillisthattherequisiteculpablemental   statemustbelogicallyinferredfromtheconductallegedintheindictment.InHill,wefoundthementalstateeasilyinferable d fromtheconductalleged:theunlawfulsexualpenetrationofachildundertheageofthirteen.Wefindthesameinferenceinthiscase,wheretheindictmentallegesthattheappellant didunlawfullyandfeloniouslysexuallypenetrateanother,whowasachildlessthanthirteenyearsofage.Therefore,theindictmentsatisfiestheHillrequirements,andtheconvictionbaseduponit &l" isvalid. `  Inconclusion,wewishtoemphasizeonceagainthefactthattheCourthasmovedawayfromthestrictpleadingrequirementsofcommonlaw.AswenotedinHill, thepurposeforthe T/$, traditionallystrictpleadingrequirementwastheexistenceofcommonlawoffenseswhoseelementswerenoteasilyascertainedbyreferencetoastatute.Suchcommonlawoffensesnolongerexist.Id.at728.Thus,solongastheconstitutionalandstatutory  requirementsoutlinedinHillaremet,theindictmentwillbe < sufficienttosupportaconviction. `  Accordingly,wereversethejudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealstotheextentthatitholdsthatchallengestoanindictmentcanneverbeaddressedina  habeascorpusproceeding.   WeaffirmthejudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsdismissingthepetition. `  Thecostsofthisappealaretaxedtotheappellant,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary. `     h     _________________________________ `     h     ADOLPHOA.BIRCH,JR.,JUSTICECONCUR:Anderson,C.J.Drowota,Holder,JJ.Reid,S.J.